Patent Application
20230176027
The present disclosure relates in general to systems and methods for measuring physical characteristics of a water facility such as a swimming pool.
Managing maintenance of large water facilities such as swimming pools requires ongoing monitoring and controlling of various parameters indicative of functioning of various parts of the water facility such as the state/functionality of the water facility's piping, pump and/or filter, water characteristics such as polluting and disinfecting materials' concentration, water temperature, water turbidity level, presence of overly high chlorine concentration levels (due to over-adding of chlorine for disinfection), etc.
The figures illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. References to previously presented elements are implied without necessarily further citing the drawing or description in which they appear. The figures are listed below.
Aspects of disclosed embodiments pertain to apparatuses, systems and methods for monitoring various characteristics of one or more water facilities, indicative of functionality of various parts, components and/or properties of each water facility (WF) such as characteristics of the water in the WF, WF piping condition and location of WF piping-related impairments, condition of WF working/maintenance devices such as pump(s), filter(s), water-disinfectant(s) dispensers, etc.
The methods, systems and apparatuses, according to some embodiments of the invention, may further be configured to apply one or more treatments/manipulations to water of the WF and/or to at least one water sample acquired from the WF, and measure WF characteristics by measuring responses to the applied treatment(s)/manipulation(s) over the water sample and/or the WF.
The term “water facility” (WF) may relate to any facility that enables containing, channeling and/or treatment of water or any other liquid used in large quantities, such as a swimming pool, a water/liquid reservoir, water/liquid channeling piping system, etc.
According to some embodiments, the apparatuses and systems may be designed to removably connect to various parts of the WF via multiple connecting ports such as inlet and outlet pipes, and valves such as electronically controllable valves (e.g. solenoid valves shortly referred to herein as solenoids), and to selectively control operation of the valves in order to control measurements of various parts of the WF as well as to control measuring of parts of the WF in different states of the same respective part.
For example, the apparatus may be configured to measure various parts of the WF before and after various treatments applied to a sample of the WF water by acquiring a water sample from different parts of the WF, such as, for instance, acquiring water samples arriving to the WF filter (pre-filtering state) and exiting the filter (post-filtering state).
Aspects of disclosed embodiments pertain to an apparatus for measuring characteristics of a WF including characteristics of the WF piping, WF devices' functioning such as filter(s)/pump(s) functionality, water characteristics such as concentration of substances (polluting chemical and/or biological substances), water flow and water pressure, level, volume or quantity of water in a water reservoir of the WF etc., using at least:
The MPCU and the flow unit may be configured to control operation of the controllable valves by selecting one of multiple valves states combinations (VSCs), each VSC being associated with a different location and/or a different manipulation of a specific part of the WF and/or of the water sample.
According to some embodiments, the detection unit may further include: a sampling module including a water-sample holder (herein also “sample holder”) configured for holding therein a water sample from the WF. The detection unit may include one or more optical detectors such as a spectrometer for measuring optical characteristics (e.g., spectrum/absorption characteristics) of the water sample. The detection unit may include one or more optical modules, the optical modules being configured and located to optically detect characteristics of the water sample in various pre/post treatment states of the water sample.
According to some embodiments, the MPCU may select locations for measurements, duration and timing of the acquisition according to a predetermined and optionally reprogrammable scheduled monitoring plan. The monitoring plan may include, for example, the scheduled times for measuring pre and post treatments of the water such as pre/post filtering, backwash, pumping, chlorination etc. and the order of the treatments being checked, e.g., by selecting a valves states combination (VSC) that is associated with the desired check and associated (coordinated) measuring equipment operation, acquisition duration, and corresponding control and operation commands associated therewith (for switchable closing and opening of each valve based on the selected VSC).
According to some embodiments, the sample holder may include a cuvette which is a fully or partially transparent liquid-container, for enabling optical (e.g., spectrometric) measuring of characteristics of water/liquid contained in the cuvette and optionally also irradiation of the water/liquid in the cuvette.
According to some embodiments, the sample holder may further include a casing partially covering the cuvette for allowing light to be passed through specific sides of the cuvette e.g. for allowing light to imping the water sample, from one or more light sources arriving from one or more directions and sides of the cuvette, and to allow light passed through the water sample and possibly reflected, deflected, fluorescence, scattered and/or diffracted by the water sample and/or by the cuvette to be directed towards one or more optical detectors located at one or more different sides in respect to the cuvette.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be configured for using water samples from different WF parts/locations by selecting a different “detection location” of the WF, for example, by using means for acquiring water sample of each WF part/location into the cuvette (e.g. by receiving a water sample into the cuvette via suction and/or pumping of water therein from a different piping inlet associated with the respective WF part/location) and optionally drainage of the acquired water sample for emptying the cuvette to enable acquisition of another water sample from a different part/location of the WF (e.g. using one or more drainage outlets of the flow control unit). Alternatively, to replace the water sample, a different water source may be directed into the cuvette (without draining of the sample already existing in the cuvette and waiting a predefined time period for the water composition to stabilize in the cuvette.
According to some embodiments, the piping inlets and outlets of the flow control unit may connect to the sample holder (e.g. cuvette) for example, via a filling port connected to all inlets directing water into the cuvette for filling thereof, and a drainage port for enabling drainage of the water sample for acquiring different samples from different WF locations and/or samples of pre and post various treatments of the water sample and/or of the WF water. The water sample can be replaced by enabling channeling water from at least some of the connectable part of the WF into the sample holder and drainage of water from the sample holder. In this way all or most of the measurements of the different WF locations and states (pre/post treatments) may be measured by measuring water samples acquired from the respective location with which each treatment state is associated.
According to some embodiments, each detection location may be associated with a selected combination of closed and open valves (valves states combination (VSC)) that enables detection of water characteristics of a specific location/part of the WF or specifically in a certain location of a piping of the WF. In this way the MPCU may be configured to select a detection location of the WF by selecting a VSC that is associated with each WF location selection and control the valves and the acquisition and drainage means based on the required detection location and its associated VSC.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further configured to measure characteristics of the water sample in other pre and post treatments states by applying a treatment directly to the water sample in the cuvette (herein “sample treatment”) and measuring characteristics of the water sample before and after the application of the respective sample treatment. For example, to measure water turbidity and/or water hardness, an acoustic sample treatment may be applied to the water sample via one or more acoustics transducers, such as acoustic transducers operating in the ultrasonic (US) acoustic range, where the characteristics of the water sample may be measured before and after the acoustic sample treatment using optical and/or acoustical detectors or sensors. The acoustic transducer(s) may be placed in proximity to or in engagement with the cuvette's outer walls.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further configured to divert water towards separate manipulation areas for application of treatment/manipulation over the diverted water (such as de-chlorination, microbial incubation etc.). After completion of the treatment in some cases, the system may be also configured to channel the treated water back into the WF container or back to the cuvette for further measurements and analysis.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be part of the WF.
According to other embodiments, the apparatus may be packaged and designed such as to enable easy removable installment thereof, optionally requiring some permanent adjustments made to the specific WF such as customized connectors that can connect the various parts of the specific WF piping to inlets/outlets of the flow control unit and/or of the detection unit.
For example, the apparatus may include a housing enabling inlet and outlet pipes to extend from an external side of the housing for connecting the apparatus to different parts of the WF piping. The entire package of apparatus may be easily connected to the WF and easily removed therefrom, e.g. for replacement thereof, by disconnecting and reconnecting from and to the inlets and outlets of the apparatus via connectors.
According to some embodiments, the WF may be designed such as to allow such easy disconnecting and reconnecting with the apparatus, e.g. by having required piping channels thereof extending from different parts thereof, such as to connect with inlets/outlets of the apparatus, optionally via designated valves/piping connectors.
According to some embodiments, the piping of the WF, in which the systems and methods disclosed are embedded or connected to, may include a main pipeline connecting between a main water reservoir of the WF (e.g. the water-pool of the swimming pool WF) and WF maintenance, treatment, monitoring and/or water-supply systems, devices and/or facilities such as the WF main pump(s) and filter(s), one or more drainage channeling means, water faucet(s) for supplying/filling water to the WF, and the like.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus may further include a cooling mechanism, for cooling the detection unit or part(s) thereof.
The different treatments that can be used for testing WF characteristics may be selectable from a list of optional water sample and/or WF water treatments and/or, manipulations, or action for example, one or more of the list of:
Reference is now made to
According to embodiments, as shown in
According to some embodiments, the MPCU 1800 may select locations for measurements and timing of the acquisition according to a predetermined and optionally reprogrammable scheduled monitoring plan. The monitoring plan may include, for example, the scheduled times for measuring pre and post treatments and the order of the treatments being checked, e.g., by having scheduled valves states combination and scheduled (coordinated) measuring equipment operation and corresponding control and operation commands associated therewith (for closing an opening each valve based on the set combination and operating measuring equipment operation etc.).
According to some embodiments the monitoring plan may be adjusted based on real time analysis results for example, for enabling adapting the schedule (acquisition times, cuvette drainage and filling times etc.) to the actual performances of the apparatus 1000.
According to some embodiments, the MPCU 1800 may be further configured to generate information indicative of analysis results and send the generated information to one or more external devices for displaying the information, further processing of the information, storing the information and the like, using one or more communication technologies, links, networks and/or protocols.
According to some embodiments, the detection unit 1100 may include a flow sensor for measuring the flow in one or more specific junctions of the piping pf the WF such as an acoustic flow sensor (using one or more ultrasonic transducers) or a water system sensor (WSS) such as a pressure sensor, for measuring one or more characteristics of the WF such as pressure and flow rate in parts of the WF piping, pump and/or backwash status etc.
According to some embodiments, the degasification module 1500 may be connected to the flow control unit 1200 via a connecting tube 1505, for enabling water from the WF piping to be passed through the degasification module 1500 for degasification (debubbling) thereof.
According to some embodiments, the first optical module 1110 may include the spectrometry device 1111, an optical setup 1115 for directing and optionally focusing or collimating light emanating from the cuvette 1151 to an optical fiber encased by a fiber guide cable 1112, which guides the light to the spectrometry device 1111.
According to some embodiments, as shown in
According to some embodiments, the first optical module 1110 may further include data processing, data storage and/or data communication modules for transmitting and/or processing spectral data outputted by the spectrometry device 1111. For example, the spectrometry device 1111 may include a low-cost and/or miniature spectrometer.
According to some embodiments, the light arriving at the spectrometry device 1111 may emanate from one or more light sources of the second optical module 1120 and/or from the third optical module 1130 in a switchable and controllable manner, as will be detailed below, such as to pass through the cuvette 1151, located between each of the second and third optical modules 1120 and 1130 and the first optical module 1110.
According to some embodiments, as shown in
According to some embodiments, as shown in more details in
According to some embodiments, as shown in more details in
According to some embodiments, one or more of the optical modules may include at least one optical detector and a processing unit such as a printed circuit board (PCB) such as PCBs 1125 and 1135 of the second and third optical modules 1120 and 1130, respectively. The second and third optical modules 1120 and 1130 may further include one or more light sources (not shown), e.g. emitting light in one or more wavelengths or wavelength ranges (for example within the visible (VIS) or ultraviolet (UV) range), for enable measuring different characteristics of the water sample as well as to enable light sources inspection and adjustment/calibration of analysis module(s) used for analyzing optical detectors output data for detection of water sample characteristics and therefore for detection of WF characteristics/functioning.
The apparatus 1000 may further include one or more additional detectors or sensors such as one or more of: a thermometer (e.g. for measuring water temperature in the cuvette 1151), a conductivity sensor (e.g. for measuring conductivity of the water sample in the cuvette 1151), acoustic transducer(s) affording for spectrometric optical measurements of pre/post acoustic treatment of the water sample, ultrasonic water flow rate measurements (e.g. by measuring speed-of-sound between transducers), optical and/or acoustic temperature measurements, etc.
For example, two US transducers 1101 and 1102 may be located at opposite sides of the cuvette casing 1152 configured for any one or more of: measuring of flow rate, or water temperature based on the speed of sound. US transducer 1300 may be used for US water treatment, measurement of water hardness via changes of turbidity level following US treatment.
According to some embodiments, the sampling module 1150 may further include inlets and outlets (herein “sampling inlets/outlets”) for enabling water sample replacement in the cuvette 1151 for measuring different WF states and locations (wherein each location may be associated with a specific treatment state of the WF or with a specific manipulation of sampled water). For example, as shown in
According to some embodiments, the sampling module 1150 may include other pump(s), inlet(s) and outlet(s) for example for enabling degasification of the water sample and/or for enabling insertion of alkali material(s) from the alkali container 1420 into the cuvette 1151 through the pump 1410 e.g. via one tube 1411 connecting between the container 1420 and the pump 1410 and another tube 1412 connecting between the pump 1410 and the cuvette 1151.
According to some embodiments, the fixture 1113′ may be a curved or angular structure having one or more bracketing edges such as bracketing edges 1113a′ and 1113b′ for supporting one or more parts of the fiber guide cable 1112′. The fixture 1113′ may also include a supporting plate 1113c′ for supporting the spectrometry device 1111′ and/or a processing unit 1119′ thereof.
According to some embodiments, water from the WF may be acquired and channeled into the cuvette 1151 at a specific water state by acquiring the WF water sample from a specific location of a WF piping (e.g. pre or post filtering by connecting and channeling water from a section of the WF piping that is before or after the filter of the WF). To measure a water sample of a different treatment type and/or treatment state (pre/post), the water sample of previous measurement may be first drained out of the cuvette 1151 before inserting a new sample by channeling water from the WF at a different location thereof.
Reference is now made to
For example, as shown in
Additionally or alternatively, as shown in
Additionally or alternatively, to acquire a water sample from a post-chemical treatment (such as chlorination treatment), one other inlet of the apparatus 1000 may connect (through a controllable valve) to a location 1 in the WF pipeline through which a chemical substance (e.g. chlorine) is dispensed into the respective pipeline section via a dispenser 64.
In the same manner, different inlets of the apparatus 1000 may connect to different sections of the WF pipeline 60 for acquiring water samples from the different WF piping 60 locations for measuring the various pre and post treatments states of the water. One or more outlets of the apparatus 1000 may connect to one or more drainage section(s) of the WF piping 60 such as section 65, or to a separate drainage tube/channel of the apparatus 1000 itself.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus 1000 may be configured such as to allow easy installation and easy removal and replacing thereof by enabling easy positioning thereof and easy connecting thereof to the WF piping 60.
S1 is located and configured to control flow from a location that is after WF treatment 72, such as a pool filter or after a chemical dispenser (such as chlorine dispenser 101) to the sampling module 2150;
S2 is located and configured to control flow from a location before the pool filter in the main pipeline 102 to the sampling module 2150;
S3 is located and configured to control flow from the sampling module 2150 to the main pipeline 104 or to a drainage line 103; and
S4 is located and configured to control flow from the sampling module 2150 to a drainage pipe or outlet 105;
The additional devices are often physically external to the apparatus 2000 and may include, for example, one or more of: pressure sensor(s), flow rate sensor(s), optical sensor(s), acoustic sensor(s), chemical sensors etc.
According to some embodiments, the electronically controllable solenoid valves S1-S4 may be able to only be in two discrete states: fully open or fully closed, for example, or in other embodiments, may be configured to enable non-discrete opening thereof to allow finer flow control. According to some embodiments, the apparatus 2000 may also include a MPCU 2001 in communication with all (or only some of) sensors of the detection unit 2100 such as the optical module(s) and the pressure sensor 2170, for receiving sensor data from sensors of the detection unit 2100 and processing the received data to determine one or more characteristics of the WF 70. The MPCU 2001 may have wire-based and/or wireless communication links to the sensors such as wire-based link 12.
Additionally or alternatively, one or more remote servers such as cloud server 2005 may be in communication with the MPCU 2001 e.g. via a communication network 11, for example, for using the MPCU to only locally control the data acquisition from the sensors and accumulate the acquired data and transmit the accumulated/acquired data in real time or on scheduled occasions to the remote cloud server 2005 for further processing and determination of at least some of the WF's characteristics or for display or further transmission of monitoring information indicative of condition of monitored parts of the WF.
For example, the MPCU 2001 may be used to process the received sensor data only to identify crucial acute problems in the WF 70 whereas the cloud server may be used for longer term storage of acquired data e.g., for identifying longer-term chronic problems and/or for improvement of algorithms based on machine-learning and for updating the algorithms in the MPCU 2001 based on accumulated knowledge from multiple water facilities etc.
According to some embodiments, as shown in
As shown, the pressure sensor 2170 is disposed and hydraulically connects the detection unit 2100 with the manifold of the pipes of the WF 70 via solenoids S1-S4.
According to some embodiments, based on pressure sensing and optionally using also other sensing devices and techniques, such as the optical and/or ultrasonic based sensing, the apparatus 2000 may be configured to measure various characteristics of different locations, states, manipulations and/or states of the WF 70 such as:
The apparatus 2000 may perform measurements, using the first and second solenoids S1-S2, to control the water inlet and preforming time base sampling taking advantage of switching the sampling location before and after treatment.
According to some embodiments, the water level measurement may include (see
In skimmer-based pools, the water level should optimally be between 20-80 percent of the skimmer's level such that the pool water will always pass through the skimmer. The water level in respect to a known skimmer position and level may be measured before the pump (e.g., location 2,
The water level measuring process may include, for example, the steps of:
The water level may be calculated in cm as follows:
RWLcm(t)=RWL0+ΔP(t)*0.9807 millibar/cm
The water level may be calculated as a percentage of the skimmer's width as follows:
RWLpct(t)=RWLcm(t)/Sh
According to some embodiments, an alerting situation may be detected once any of the above calculated or measured parameter values exceeds a predefined threshold value and/or range of values. For example, an overflow of water caused by over-filling of the WF or insufficient amount of water in the WF caused by water evaporation or over drainage/pumping, may be detected if the water level determined is above a max value of the RWL or below a min value of the RWL. According to some embodiments the system may be set to detect associated ΔP(t) value exceeding predefined pressure threshold values ΔPmin and ΔPmax, corresponding to water level maximum and minimum thresholds.
According to some embodiments once an overflow or an over-drainage situation is detected, the system may be configured to output alerts and/or automatically address the problem to mitigate it (e.g. by respectively draining or adding water to the WF.
According to some embodiments, the normal range of the water level in percentages, for a skimmer swimming pool WF, is typically between 20-80 percent (i.e. 20% <RWLpct(t)<80%).
According to some embodiments, once an over filling or under filling of the
WF is detected, an associated alerting visual indication may be outputted where each state over/under filled i.e. water level too low or too high—may be represented by a different indication color or using some other visual indication like a suitable graphic icon.
According to some embodiments, once a water-level problem is detected (too high or too low):
According to some embodiments, each automated controllable operation enabled by the system may be associated with one or more optional WF alerting states such that the same operation may be used to solve more than one WF impairments/situations and vice versa—a single detected problem may require several mitigating automated operations.
For example, automatic water drainage or filling operation can be done, for solving too high or too low skimmer water level.
In some cases water level issue (exceeding thresholds) may be associated with impairments in the WF devices or piping. For example low water level may be caused due to leakage in the piping or the pool itself. The system may also be configured to automatically check WF piping and/or devices such as filter, pump etc., when such alerting states are detected.
In swimming pools WFs that incorporate sand filters, backwash should be done regularly to keep the filter clean and prevent it from blocking. The below process, describes a method for detection of a filter state and alerting user(s) of the detected alerting state (
ΔPf0=Pb0−Pa0
This should be taken at a known water-flow rate and can be acquired at several times for achieving an averaged pressure difference.
Pb0 (pressure before filter, after backwash, when filter is clean)
Pa0 (pressure after filter, after backwash, when filter is clean)
Pb(t) (pressure before filter, at time t of measurement)
Pa(t) (pressure after filter, at time t of measurement)
FS=100%*(1−[Pf(t)−Pf0]/PD)
{where PD is the pressure difference between a non-clogged and fully clogged filter}
FS≥Threshold1 (such as 20%)⇒Blue (normal state)
Threshold2 (such as 5%)≤FS≤Threshold1 (such as 20%)⇒Orange (abnormal state—a back wash is needed)
FS<Threshold2 (such as 5%)⇒Black (hazardous state e.g., requiring shut sown of filter)
If value of pressure difference ΔPf(t) is too high (exceeds a maximum threshold), a gradual build-up of pressure in the pool's filter (e.g. sand filter, cartridge filter) may indicate that the filter is becoming occluded. This trend may coincide with increasing water pump electric current consumption and with an increase in water turbidity. This condition requires maintenance actions, such as performing a filter backwash. Therefore an increase of pressure values' difference between measurements before and after the filter locations may be used for detection of filter states (clogged, fully open, and/or partially open), and alert users such as pool maintainers regarding the need for filter cleaning.
Other conditions can also be used to monitor filter health such as when the FS becomes greater than 100%, this may indicate the pressure has dropped and that “channelling” may have occurred in the filter—a state of poor filtration that may require replacing the filter media.
According to some embodiments, a backwash state/rate of the filter may be detected in real time and backwash rate/status can be used to estimate several useful WF properties.
A backwash procedure is detected for all times in which the following conditions are met:
(1) Flow=0 (or below a very low threshold, in case some pumps exhibit noise even when turned off)
(2) Pb(t)>0.25*MA_Pb (moving average of Pb during recent flow)
These conditions together guarantee that the pump is in an operational state (turned on)—otherwise Pb(t) should be around zero, while at the same time no flow is detected (as the sensor is located after the filter and the water flow is directed to the drainage).
Additional conditions may be added that should only hold during backwash procedure, such as:
Therefore, if:
Pb(t)−Pb(t−1)<−2*sigma (in Pb measurements) AND Pa(t)−Pa(t−1)<−2*sigma (in Pameasurements)
Then a start point of a backwash is detected at time t.
According to some embodiments, the pressure measurements should be averaged over short periods.
According to some embodiments, backwash measurements can enable estimating water loss, for example, by:
Optionally also, estimating the surface area of the swimming pool WF via:
Pool Surface Area (m2)=Backwash Water Volume (m3)/Drop in Water Level (m) from before to after the backwash
According to some embodiments, measurements data may be continuously or occasionally transmitted to a cloud server or any other remote computing and communication device/system, for further analysis, storage, display and the like. For example using machine learning algorithms for deducing the WF characteristics and for automatic operation of WF maintenance and/or transmission of information indicative of alarming situations and/or the WF status to authorized WF users/managers, caretakers etc. via their personal end devices.
According to some embodiments, data of the pressure measurements may be correlated with additional measurements such as water pump current/power consumption, to evaluate the efficiency of the pump and the need for a backwash.
According to some embodiments, sensor data from the pressure sensor and optionally also optical sensors data may be correlated with external data sources such as weather forecasts, to assess maintenance actions such as the need for water addition, chlorine dispensing quantities etc.
Pressure data can undergo trends and changes analysis, to ascertain whether immediate action should be taken.
According to some embodiments, the cloud server 2005 may be configured to:
The apparatus 2000 and system including the apparatus 2000 and the cloud sever 2005 may be further configured to:
Optionally, the systems, apparatuses and methods may also be using a Halochromic indicator, brought in direct contact with the examined solution in the sampling module 2150, and indicating the pH level by a change in its color, optical absorbance or fluorescence properties, using optical detector(s) such as a spectrometer of the detection unit 2100, by illuminating the sample (solution) in the partially or fully transparent cuvette 2151.
The calculated/measured Alkalinity/pH information may be propagated to the cloud server 2005, which may be configured to use one or more machine learning algorithms in order to determine an optimal WF maintenance plan. This maintenance plan may be able to help ensure that: (i) the pH, LSI, concentrations of Chlorine compounds and Cyanuric acid are kept optimal; (ii) the water of the WF (e.g., swimming pool) is optimally consumed or used, avoiding unnecessary water waste.
According to some embodiments, the system/apparatus may also be configured to detect leakages, using a Leak Detection Algorithm configured to:
Exclude water level changes due to backwash volume (detected);
Exclude water level changes due to water evaporation (estimated);
Evaporation Rate may be modeled as a function of: Water Temperature, Humidity, Wind Velocity, Pool Surface Area;
Monitor residual changes in water level: unaccounted for continuous (approximately linear) drops in water level over time indicate high probability of leaks
According to some embodiments, the system/apparatus may also be configured to detect WF Treatment status. For example by measuring via a spectrometer and chemometrics. Free Chlorine levels in the water sampled from locations of the WF at a given time t, before, FCb(t) and after treatment FCa(t) during operation and periodically over long-term operation to determine, for example one or more of:
ΔFC(t)>0, where ΔFC(t)=FCa(t)−FCb(t).
Alerts may be sent to one or more users to perform maintenance actions such as to refill the Acid or Chlorine buckets, fix problems in devices such as dosing connections, dosing pump, etc.
Some of the measurements may be carried out by using a single sensor located at a single location over the WF pipeline for example, to measure general state of the WF (regardless of treatment thereof) such as a single pressure sensor PT4 to be able to identify normal status and impairments thereof. For example, as shown in
In other cases, two sensors such as pressure sensors PT5, located after the filter and PT7, located before the filter, may be used to assess filter operation by comparing the pressure output before and after being passed through the filter, e.g., to detect impairments such as clogging of the filter and also to detect severity of the impairment.
Aspects of disclosed embodiments pertain to methods for measuring various characteristics of water of a water facility (WF) including at least the steps of:
According to some embodiments, the method may further include automatic and/or manually controllable selecting of the specific treatment and the specific post-treatment or pre-treatment state of the WF water prior to controlling the valves.
According to some embodiments, the controlling of the valves may be done electronically via a main control and processing unit (MCPU) associated with the detection unit and with the flow control unit by adjusting the state of each of the valves.
According to some embodiments one or more of the light sources used for optical detection of characteristics of the WF may be irradiating light within the ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and/or visible light wavelength band.
According to some embodiments the method may further comprise water sample replacement done by channeling water sample no longer relevant for use out of the cuvette and channeling water sampled from the desired location in the WF into the cuvette of the apparatus 1000 or 2000, for example.
Reference is now made to
The process may include, for example, at least: selecting/executing a monitoring plan including executable scheduled actions 21;
According to some embodiments, the method may further include generating recommendations (such as recommended actions that can be manually and/or automatically executed/performed) for how to maintain the WF based on detected WF characteristics and/or automatically executing operation commands (e.g. combined as a maintenance plan) for maintenance of the WF (such as adding water, drainage of water, automatic shutting down of devices of the WF that are broken or in danger of being damaged etc.).
According to some embodiments, some characteristics of the water sample such as opacity or turbidity level, concentration of substances etc. e.g., may be measured by using spectrometry.
According to some embodiments, the systems and apparatuses of the present invention may further be configured to conduct measurements requiring extended monitoring periods of each water sample e.g., in cases requiring substances such as biomass or crystalizing materials to be cultivated/grown/incubated e.g., for several days in order to determine various characteristics of the water such as type of biological and/or chemical pollutants, testing for optimal quantities and dosing of additives for water purification, testing for various conditions for biological (organic and natural) water filtration and cleansing etc. For example, a water sample may be delivered/directed to a second sampling module of the system/apparatus (not shown) for algae incubation of several hours or days and optionally for testing algae growth retardants or extermination processes, in order to determine the types of algae growing in the water and how its growth can be avoided or delayed in the most optimal and cost and time-effective manner
Another example may be to have a water sample undergo a passive or active dechlorination via one or more of: natural chlorine evaporation, controlled heating, spraying, bubbling, specialty filtering and the like, e.g., for determining one or more characteristics of the water as they would have been without the chlorine addition.
Yet another example is to alter the pH of the water sample, to deliberately change the ratios between pH dependent species in the sample and thus assist in detecting them via spectroscopic means.
All or some monitoring and maintenance operations of the system/apparatus and parts thereof may be automatically controllable and done for enabling unmanned automatic WF maintenance, impairments and problems detections and alerting and optionally also at least partial automatic repair of detected impairments such as automatic flow control (increase or decrease) for clogging repair or mitigation, automatic addition of sterilization materials such as chlorine, automatic adding of water to the WF for regulating water level.
According to some embodiments, the apparatus of any one of the embodiments shown above such as apparatus 1000 may further include one or more additional sampling modules such as one or more additional cuvettes and/or one or more additional water chambers, for enabling conducting testing of water samples in various conditions and/or under various manipulations done to the water sample(s) such as for enabling long incubation of biomass in the sample for testing various characteristics of the biomass such as biomass growth rate, biomass growth-inducing vs. growth-diminishing conditions and the like. The water sample in the original sample module or the additional sample module may be manipulated for testing/measuring the various characteristics of water contained thereby, using one or more additional manipulation tools such as a heater, a cooler, a substances dispenser, etc. The apparatus may further include one or more separate optical and/or other devices, for measuring the outcomes of the water sample manipulations done using the additional sample modules.
In some embodiments, the additional sampling module(s) may be used for applying one or more manipulations over the water sample therein, such as biomass incubation, temperature changes applied over the sample, mixing of the water sample with one or more substances, etc., where the actual measurements of the characteristic of the water sample after (post) its manipulation(s) (“manipulated sample”) may be carried out by the one or more optical modules of the apparatus such as via the spectrometer, by channeling the manipulated water sample back to the first sampling module (e.g. cuvette).
The entire process of channeling of the water sample(s) towards the additional/first sampling module(s) applying the manipulation(s) over the sample(s) and measuring post-manipulation characteristics of the manipulated sample(s) can be carried out automatically, semi automatically and/or computer-controllable e.g., by a software configured for automotive operation and testing and/or by user(s) via a designated user interface.
Example 1 is an apparatus for measuring characteristics of a water facility (WF), the WF comprising at least a piping setup, the apparatus comprising:
In example 2, the subject matter of example 1 may include, wherein the at least one sensor is selected from: pressure sensor, optical sensor, spectroscopic sensor, spectrometer.
In example 3, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 2 may include, wherein the detection unit further comprises: (i) a sampling module having a water sample holder that is configured for filling and drainage of the sample holder with water from different locations of the WF using the valves control; and (ii) at least one sensor for sensing characteristics of the water sample.
In example 4, the subject mater of example 3 may include, wherein the detection unit further comprises at least one optical module configured for illuminating the water sample in the sample holder and one or more optical sensors for optically sensing characteristics of the illuminated water sample.
In example 5, the subject mater of example 4 may include, wherein the detection unit further comprises additional sensors for sensing one or more of: temperature of the water sample, turbidity level of the water sample; hardness of the water sample, concentration and/or quantity of substances.
In example 6, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 4 to 5 may include, wherein the sample holder comprises a partially or fully transparent cuvette for holding therein water sampled from the WF, and wherein the at least one optical module comprises at least:
In example 7, the subject mater of example 6 may include, wherein the sampling module further comprises a non-transparent casing having multiple windows for directing light emanated from one or more light sources of the at least one optical module, towards the cuvette and/or towards one or more optical detectors of the at least one optical module.
In example 8, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 4 to 7 may include, wherein the at least one optical module comprises:
In example 9, the subject mater of example 8 may include, wherein the at least one optical detector comprises at least one of: a spectral optical detector, a photodetector, a photodiode, a charged coupled device (CCD) camera, an RGB sensor.
In example 10, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 7 to 9 may include, wherein the first optical module comprises a spectrometry device and a processor for spectral analysis of light detected by the spectrometry device.
In example 11, the subject mater of example 10 may include, wherein each of the processor of the second optical module and/or of the third optical module comprises a printed circuit board (PCB), configured to controllably operate each light source.
In example 12, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 6 to 11 may include, wherein each light source of each of the second and/or third optical module is configured to irradiate light in any one or more of: the ultraviolet (UV) and/or the visible (VIS) spectral band.
In example 13, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 6 to 12 may include, wherein at least one of the second and third optical modules comprises one or more optical detectors and one or more optical elements for directing light emanating from the one or more light sources towards the one or more optical detectors of the respective second or third optical modules.
In example 14, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 13 may include, wherein the different WF states or locations comprise one or more of:
In example 15, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 14 may include, wherein the one or more manipulation applied to the water of the WF, comprise one or more of:
In example 16, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 15 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises a degasification module.
In example 17, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 16 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more acoustic transducers for applying an acoustic signal to water in a sampling module of the apparatus having a water sample holder for holding therein a sample of the WF water, the one or more acoustic transducers being used for detection of one or more characteristics of the WF and/or for cleaning of the interior of sample holder.
In example 18, the subject mater of example 17 may include, wherein at least one of the one or more acoustic transducers is configured for outputting and/or detection of ultrasonic (US) acoustic signals.
In example 19, the subject mater of example 18 may include, wherein the at least one US transducer is used for one or more of: inhibition of algae/microalgae growth in the sampling module and/or in one or more other places in the apparatus and/or in the WF, detection of water hardness level, detection of flow, estimation of water temperature.
In example 20, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 19 may include, wherein the one or more characteristics of the WF comprising one or more of: water hardness, concentration and/or quantity of organic and/or chemical substances, WF devices' functionality, WF piping condition.
In example 21, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 20 may include, further comprising one or more acoustic transducers and/or acoustic detectors for acoustically detecting one or more characteristics of the WF including at least acoustic detection of functioning of devices of the WF including at least functioning of the WF's filter and/or pump.
In example 22, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 21 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one thermal detector for measuring temperature of water of the WF and/or for measuring temperature of a water sample held by the sampling module and/or any other part of the WF.
In example 23, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 22 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises an alkalinity module for controlling and/or measuring pH level of the water in the WF, and/or converting HOC1 to 0C1 for the purpose of measuring same, and/or for estimating background water spectrum.
In example 24, the subject mater of example 23 may include, wherein the alkalinity module is associated with the sampling module and includes a container for containing therein alkali and/or acidic material and at least one means for dispensing the material from the container into a sampling module of the apparatus, the sampling module being configured to acquire water samples from the WF.
In example 25, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 24 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises a packaging unit for encasing therein all or part of other modules and units of the apparatus.
In example 26, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 25 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises a cooling mechanism comprising one or more cooling channels enabling channeling of a cooling liquid or gas for cooling parts of the apparatus.
In example 27, the subject mater of example 26 may include, wherein the cooling mechanism is embedded in or attached to a packaging unit of the apparatus, the packaging unit being configured to encase all modules and other units of the apparatus.
In example 28, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 27 may include, wherein the MPCU is further configured to transmit information indicative of measured WF characteristics to one or more remote devices and/or systems via one or more communication links, for enabling the transmitted information to be presented, displayed, printed, indicated, further processed and/or stored by the external devices and/or systems.
In example 29, the subject mater of example 28 may include, wherein at least some of the valves of the flow control unit comprise electronically controllable solenoid valves.
In example 30, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 29 may include, wherein the MPCU is further configured to:
In example 31, the subject mater of example 30 may include, wherein the MPCU is further configured to one or more of: transmitting, displaying, further processing and/or storing the outputted information.
In example 32, the subject mater of example 31 may include, wherein at least one of the one or more algorithms used for sensor data analysis comprises a machine learning algorithm and/or an algorithm derived from machine learning.
In example 33, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 32 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises an installation mechanism for removable installation of the apparatus to the WF piping.
In example 34, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 33 may include, wherein the WF comprises at least one skimmer, and wherein the at least one pressure sensor of the apparatus is further used for detection of updated skimmer water level.
In example 35, the subject mater of example 34 may include, wherein the updated skimmer water level is detectable by using at least one known or premeasured reference pressure value PO associated with a premeasured skimmer water level of the skimmer of the specific WF.
In example 36, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 35 may include, wherein the WF comprises at least one filter and at least one pump, wherein the apparatus is further configured to determine status of the at least one filter and/or the at least one pump based on received sensor data from at least one pressure sensor.
In example 37, the subject mater of example 36 may include, wherein the filter status is detectable by using at least two pressure sensors, one located before the filter and the other located after the filter.
In example 38, the subject mater of example 37 may include, wherein pressure measurements for determining filter status are taken in one or more of the following filter sides and/or operation states: before the filter, after the filter, after backwash.
In example 39, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 38 may include, wherein the WF characteristics are further measured by measuring alkalinity of a water sample taken from the WF, the alkalinity measurement being conducted based on pH and/or spectral measurements of a mixed solution comprising a mixture of a sample of the water from the WF and an added titrant.
In example 40, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 39 may include, wherein the apparatus is further configured for detection of leakages in the WF, using a leak detection algorithm, based on detection of changes in water level over time and exclusion of other causes for water level changes, selected from the exclusion causes of: backwash volume changes, water evaporation.
In example 41, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 1 to 40 may include, wherein the apparatus is further configured to apply one or more manipulations over one or more water samples taken from the WF and measure the one or more water samples after being manipulated.
In example 42, the subject mater of example 41 may include, wherein the one or more manipulations is selected from the following list of:
In example 43, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 41 to 42 may include, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more additional sampling modules for holding each therein an additional water sample and performing manipulation thereupon; and/or one or more additional measuring devices for measuring one or more characteristics of one or more manipulated water samples.\
Example 44 is a method for measuring various characteristics of water of a water facility (WF), the WF comprising at least a piping setup, the method comprising at least:
Example 45 is a system for measuring characteristics of a water facility (WF), the WF comprising at least a piping setup, the system comprising:
Example 46 is a method for measuring characteristics of a water facility (WF) using one or more pressure sensors, the method comprising at least:
In example 47, the subject mater of example 46 may include, wherein the method further comprises determining operation commands for automatic maintaining of the at least one WF part, based on the determined maintenance recommendations.
In example 48, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 46 to 47 may include, wherein the method further comprises detecting water level of a skimmer of the WF, by using at least one pressure sensor measurements.
In example 49, the subject mater of example 48 may include, wherein the skimmer water level is detected by using at least one known or premeasured reference pressure value PO associated with a measured skimmer water level of the specific skimmer of the specific WF.
In example 50, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 46 to 49 may include, wherein the method further comprises determining or detecting status of each filter and/or each pump of the WF, based on received sensor data from at least one pressure sensor.
In example 51, the subject mater of example 50 may include, wherein the filter status is detectable by using at least two pressure sensors, one located before the filter and the other located after the filter.
In example 52, the subject mater of example 51 may include, wherein pressure measurements for determining or detecting filter status are taken in one or more of the following filter sides and/or operation states: before the filter, after the filter, after backwash.
In example 53, the subject mater of any one or more of examples 46 to 52 may include, wherein the WF characteristics are further measured by measuring alkalinity of a water sample taken from the WF, the alkalinity measurement being conducted based on pH and/or spectral measurements of a mixed solution comprising a mixture of a sample of water from the WF and an added titrant.
In example 54, the subject mater of example 53 may include, wherein the method further comprises detecting leakages in the WF, based on detection of changes in water level over time and exclusion of other causes for water level changes, selected from the exclusion causes of: backwash volume changes, water evaporation.
Although the above description discloses a limited number of exemplary embodiments of the invention, these embodiments should not apply any limitation to the scope of the invention, but rather be considered as exemplifications of some of the manners in which the invention can be implemented.
The method and/or processes described herein may be implemented by any one or more software, and/or hardware, element apparatus, device, mechanism, electronic and/or digital computerized system, unit, processing module, device, machine, engine, etc.
The system, module, unit, device etc. or parts thereof, may be programmed to perform particular functions pursuant to computer readable and executable instructions, rules, conditions etc. from programmable hardware and/or software based execution modules that may implement one or more methods or processes disclosed herein, and therefore can, in effect, be considered as disclosing a “special purpose computer” particular to embodiments of each disclosed method/process.
Additionally or alternatively, the methods and/or processes disclosed herein may be implemented as a computer program that may be tangibly or intangibly embodied by a special purpose computer readable signal medium. A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a non-transitory computer or machine-readable storage device and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with apparatuses, systems, platforms, methods, operations and/or processes discussed herein.
The terms “non-transitory computer-readable storage device” and “non-transitory machine-readable storage device” may also include distribution media, intermediate storage media, execution memory of a computer, and any other medium or device capable of storing for later reading by a computer program implementing embodiments of a method disclosed herein. A computer program product can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by one or more communication networks.
The computer readable and executable instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
A module, a device, a mechanism, a unit and or a subsystem may each comprise a machine or machines executable instructions (e.g. commands) A module may be embodied by a circuit or a controller programmed to cause the system to implement the method, process and/or operation as disclosed herein. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising, e.g., custom very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, an Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, and/or other discrete components. A module may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices and/or the like.
In the above disclosure, unless otherwise stated, terms such as “substantially”, “about”, approximately, etc., that specify a condition or relationship characterizing a feature or features of an embodiment of the invention, are to be understood to mean that the condition or characteristic is defined to within tolerances that are acceptable for operation of the embodiment for an application for which it is intended.
It is important to note that the methods/processes and/or systems/devices/subsystems/apparatuses etc., disclosed in the above Specification, are not to be limited strictly to flowcharts and/or diagrams provided in the Drawings. For example, a method may include additional or fewer processes or steps in comparison to what is described in the figures. In addition, embodiments of the method are not necessarily limited to the chronological order as illustrated and described herein.
It is noted that terms such as “processing”, “computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, “estimating”, “deriving”, “selecting”, “inferring”, identifying”, “detecting” and/or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device(s), that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic or optical signal) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
Terms used in the singular shall also include a plural scope, except where expressly otherwise stated or where the context otherwise requires.
In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, “comprise” “include” and “have”, and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb.
Unless otherwise stated, the use of the expression “and/or” between the last all members of a list of options for selection indicates that a selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and may be made i.e. enabling all possible combinations of one or more of the specified options. Further, the use of the expression “and/or” may be used interchangeably with the expressions “at least one of the following”, “any one of the following” or “one or more of the following”, followed by a listing of the various options.
It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments or example, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, example and/or option, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination or as suitable in any other described embodiment, example or option of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments, examples and/or optional implementation are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment, example and/or optional implementation is inoperative without those elements.
It is noted that the terms “in some embodiments”, “according to some embodiments”, “according to some embodiments of the invention”, “for example”, “e.g.”, “for instance” and “optionally” may herein be used interchangeably.
The number of elements shown in the Figures should by no means be construed as limiting and is for illustrative purposes only.
It is noted that the terms “operable to” can encompass the meaning of the term “modified or configured to”. In other words, a machine “operable to” perform a task can in some embodiments, embrace a mere capability (e.g., “modified”) to perform the function and, in some other embodiments, a machine that is actually made (e.g., “configured”) to perform the function.
The phrases “ranging/ranges between” a first indicate number and a second indicate number and “ranging/ranges from” a first indicate number “to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals there between.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63287183 | Dec 2021 | US |
