At least one embodiment of the present invention pertains to financial transactions involving payment cards, and more particularly, to a technique for apportioning a payment card transaction among multiple payers.
When two or more people want to share the cost of a purchase, apportioning the cost between them can be problematic, especially when one or more of them wants to pay by credit card. Consider, for example, the situation in which a social group gathers for a meal at a restaurant, where everyone is to pay for his or her own food and drink. When it comes time to pay the check, the need to determine how much each person owes and settle the bill creates an inconvenient and sometimes awkward interruption in the social interaction of the group. Making this process go smoothly can be a challenge, even more so if the group includes a mixture of single people and couples or families.
There are various ways of handling this kind of situation. For example, in one common approach, one member of the group uses a credit card, and the other members of the group reimburse that person with cash for their portions. With this approach, it is inconvenient and often time-consuming to have to calculate how much each person (or each couple or family) owes and then collect cash from the other members of the group. Additionally, it is common that some members of the group end up paying more or less than their fair share (with the person who paid by credit card often paying more than his fair share). In another common approach, the group asks the waiter to split the check in a certain manner, and everyone then either pays cash or uses his own credit card. This approach can also be troublesome if the check is not being split equally, and regardless, it is inconvenient and time-consuming for the waiter. In any of these situations, the need to deal with these issues detracts from the social atmosphere of the event.
One or more embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements.
In this description, references to “an embodiment”, “one embodiment” or the like, mean that the particular feature, function, structure or characteristic being described is included in at least one embodiment of the technique introduced here. Occurrences of such phrases in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. On the other hand, the embodiments referred to also are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
Introduced here is a technique for apportioning the cost of a purchase or other financial transaction among multiple payers, particularly (though not exclusively) where one of the payers uses a payment card to pay for the transaction. The term “payment card” as used herein means a credit card, debit card, prepaid gift card, or the like, or a card which functions as a combination of any of these mechanism. A payment card is a specific type of payment object. Other types of payment objects are discussed below.
Briefly described, the technique introduced here enables a consumer who uses a payment card to pay for goods or services to specify, by using his mobile device (e.g., a smartphone or tablet computer), how the transaction amount should be apportioned among multiple payers. Such apportionment is called “bill splitting” in this description, as shorthand. In certain embodiments, the technique involves communication between a mobile payment application installed on the consumer's mobile device and a remote payment service system (PSS). The mobile payment application enables the user to specify (either at the time of the transaction or at a later time) how many payers there are, who the payers are, and exactly how the transaction amount should be apportioned (how the bill should be split) among the payers. The mobile payment application communicates this information to the PSS, which then executes or triggers execution of the transfer of funds to carry out the specified apportionment.
The technique introduced here makes bill splitting relatively quick and easy compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, since the apportionment can be specified by the consumer and effectuated well after the transaction has completed, the technique greatly reduces the potential for awkward interruptions to the social flow of group events due to bill splitting issues.
As described further below, to initiate a payment transaction according to one embodiment of the technique, a consumer first presents a payment card to a merchant. The merchant swipes the payment card of the consumer with a card reader at the merchant's point-of-sale (POS) system, in the traditional manner. The term “swipe” here refers to any manner of triggering a physical card reader to read a physical card, such as passing a card through a magnetic stripe card reader, optical scanner, or smartcard reader, radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, or the like. The term “sale”, such as in “point-of-sale,” refers to any type of payment-oriented transaction, including a lease or rental for example, and is not limited to an actual purchase.
In response to the card swipe, the merchant's POS system transmits onto a network a standard transaction approval request, which gets routed to the PSS. The transaction approval request includes data commonly associated with traditional payment card transaction approval requests. However, in certain embodiments the consumer's payment card bears a card number such that the transaction approval request gets routed to the PSS. When the PSS receives the transaction approval request, the PSS may determine whether the transaction can be approved, or it may signal another entity to make that determination. The PSS then communicates the result of the request (e.g., approved or denied) to the merchant's POS system.
Also in response to the transaction approval request, the PSS identifies a mobile device associated with the consumer and sends a message indicating the result of the request to the consumer's mobile device. The PSS can identify the mobile device of the consumer by performing a database lookup, based on an association between the consumer's payment card and the mobile device, which the consumer previously specified to the PSS. The PSS then sends to the consumer's mobile device a message directed to a mobile payment application installed on the consumer's mobile device. The message is configured to cause the mobile payment application to output to the consumer a user interface that prompts the consumer to (optionally) specify apportionment information indicating the manner of apportioning the transaction amount among two or more payers (e.g., people). The payers may all be human beings, however, it is possible that one or more of the payers may be a non-human entity, such as a corporation or other organization.
In some embodiments, the mobile payment application, in response to the message from the PSS, allows the consumer to specify the number of payers for the transaction and the manner in which the transaction amount should be apportioned and the names of the payers. In some embodiments, the mobile payment application can also suggest potential payers to the consumer. The suggestion may be based on, for example, an address book of the consumer stored in the mobile device, a list of recent contacts of the consumer stored on the mobile device, information on other nearby users of the mobile payment application, or a combination thereof.
After the consumer has input the apportionment information to the mobile device, the mobile payment application causes the mobile device to transmit a message to convey that apportionment information to the PSS. The PSS then executes or triggers a reimbursement process to carry out the desired apportionment, according to the apportionment information received from the mobile device.
In certain embodiments, the consumer's payment card has a pre-established association with the PSS, such that any transaction approval request relating to that card will get routed to the PSS. In such embodiments, the consumer's payment card may be a “proxy card.” A proxy card is a card that bears a card number/account number that appears to be that of a real credit or debit card account (i.e., it is in the correct format), but where that card/account number is actually only a proxy for the consumer's real card/account number. In that case, the consumer's real account number is stored by the PSS in association with the proxy card account number, and is used to pay for a transaction made using the card. Further, such a proxy card may be associated with multiple accounts and/or other payment mechanisms of different types (e.g., credit card accounts, debit card accounts, etc.) of the consumer, where any one of those payment mechanisms can be selected by the consumer or automatically by the PSS to pay for a given transaction.
Additionally, while the consumer generally uses a mobile device to specify the apportionment of the transaction in the embodiments emphasized herein, in other embodiments the consumer may use a processing device other than a mobile device to specify that information, such as a conventional personal computer (PC). In such embodiments, the mobile payment application can be replaced by a more conventional software application in such processing device, where such software application has functionality similar to that of the mobile payment application as described herein.
In certain embodiments, a consumer can use a payment object other than a payment card to initiate a transaction with bill splitting as described above. An example of another type of payment object is a biometrically identifiable object, such as a person's finger (e.g., for fingerprint recognition), face, iris or retina. Alternatively, a payment object can be a software object or virtual object, such as a virtual wallet.
In a traditional credit card transaction, the merchant would swipe the user's credit card through a card reader 112 at the POS system 104. The POS system 104 would then send data read from the card (e.g., the cardholders name, credit card number, expiration date and card verification value (CW)) to the computer system 114 of the merchant's acquirer (hereinafter “acquirer 114”). The acquirer 114 would then send this data to the computer system 116 of the card payment network (e.g., Visa or MasterCard) (hereinafter “card payment network 116”), which would forward the data to the computer system 118 of the issuing bank (hereinafter “issuer 118). If the transaction is approved by the issuer 118, a payment authorization message would be sent from the issuer 118 to the merchant POS system 104 via a path generally opposite of that described above.
The transaction approval request may be transmitted directly to the PSS 108, or it may get routed to the PSS 108 through one or more intermediary entities, such as the acquirer 114 and/or card payment network 116, etc. In certain embodiments, the card number on the consumer's payment card is sufficient to enable routing entities to determine that the transaction approval request should be routed to the PSS 108, such as in the case where the payment card is a proxy card issued by the PSS 108. Upon receiving the transaction approval request (step 203), the PSS 108 approves the transaction at step 204 (for the sake of simplicity, the scenario in which the transaction is denied is not discussed here, since it is not germane to the technique being introduced here).
In response to the transaction being approved, the PSS 108 performs at least the following two additional operations. At step 205, the PSS 108 sends onto internetwork 106 a transaction approval message, for transmission to the merchant POS system 104. In addition, at step 208 the PSS 108 transmits a virtual receipt message onto internetwork 106, for transmission to the mobile device 102 of the consumer over a wireless communications network. The virtual receipt message contains information regarding the transaction, i.e., a virtual receipt, including whether the transaction has been approved, the amount of the transaction, the name of the merchant, and in at least some instances, an itemization of the items purchased in (or otherwise the subject of) the transaction. Note that steps 205 and 208 can be performed in any order or concurrently. At step 206, the merchant POS system 104 receives the transaction approval message sent by the PSS 108 and, in response, it outputs a conventional transaction approval indication to the merchant at step 207. The indication may be in the form of, for example, a printed receipt, a message displayed on a display device, or both.
Additionally, at step 209 the user's mobile device 102 receives the virtual receipt message sent by the PSS 108. Within the user's mobile device 102, the virtual receipt message is conveyed up through the various lower protocol layers to the mobile payment application (hereinafter simply “mobile application”) 120, which recognizes the virtual receipt message as such. In response to recognizing this message, at step 210 the mobile application 120 causes the mobile device 102 to display the virtual receipt to the consumer and to prompt the consumer to indicate whether bill splitting is desired. An example of what such a display may look like is illustrated in
Note that while bill splitting capability is desirable in certain settings, such as in restaurants, it may not be appropriate with every type of transaction or merchant. For example, it is uncommon (though not inconceivable) to split among multiple people the cost of airline tickets or a purchase at a department store. Therefore, in some embodiments the consumer is only prompted to split the bill if the transaction relates to a certain type of merchant, such as a restaurant or other type of establishment in which bill splitting is common. The type of merchant may be determined, for example, from the merchant category code (MCC) commonly included in a transaction approval request sent from a merchant's POS system. The determination of the type of merchant may be made by the PSS 108, in which case the virtual receipt message sent from the POS 108 to the user's mobile device 102 (step 208) can include a flag or other similar indication, to indicate to the mobile application 120 whether to output the bill splitting prompt to the consumer.
Referring still to
The mobile application 120 can generate a list of suggested payers based on, for example, the consumer's address book stored in the mobile device 120 and/or the consumer's recently used contacts stored on the mobile device 120. In addition, or as an alternative, the mobile application 120 may identify other nearby users of the mobile application as potential payers. For example, the mobile application 120 may invoke a short-range wireless communication feature of the mobile device 102, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, infrared communication, WiFi, or the like, to identify other nearby mobile devices running instances of the mobile application. In some embodiments such other instances of the mobile application would be associated with other users who are registered with the PSS 108. Assuming the user chooses to receive a list of suggested payers, the user is given the choice to select or not select each suggested payer, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, after inputting the payers, the mobile application 120 prompts the consumer to input how the transaction amount should be apportioned among the specified payers. As illustrated in
After the mobile application 120 has received all of the necessary user inputs from the consumer, specifying the apportionment of the transaction amount (step 213), a mobile application 120 causes the mobile device 102 at step 214 to send a message indicating that desired apportionment to the PSS 108, via the wireless network. The PSS 108 receives the message from the mobile device 102 indicating the desired apportionment at step 215. At step 216 the PSS 108 executes or triggers a process to carry out the apportionment according to the apportionment information received from the mobile device 102. The process of actually carrying out the apportionment specified by the consumer is called “reimbursement” herein.
Any of various methods can be used for reimbursement, and the details of such methods are not necessary for understanding the technique introduced above. Nonetheless, to facilitate better understanding of the technique introduced above, it is noted that reimbursement can include, for example, the PSS 108 simply sending an email or other type of electronic message to each specified payee, requesting that they reimburse the consumer for their portions of the transaction amount. In other embodiments, the consumer may carry his own personal card reader, such as a card reader that is removably attachable to his mobile device, and the consumer may then use that card reader with his mobile device to accept credit card reimbursement payments from the other payers. In such cases, the consumer may be preregistered with the PPS 108 as a “merchant” to be able to accept credit card payments in this manner.
In some embodiments, reimbursement may be accomplished by enabling one or more of the specified payee's to reimburse the consumer by using a standard person-to-person electronic messaging protocol to transfer funds. In one such embodiment, for example, a payee sends an email to a predetermined email address associated with a third-party payment system, which may be, or may be associated with, the PSS 108, for example. The email includes the amount to be paid and the email address of the intended recipient of the funds (where in this example, the intended recipient is the consumer who initially paid for the transaction). The payment system, upon receiving the email, looks up a financial account of the sender of the email (who has previously registered with the payment system) and, if available, a financial account of the specified recipient (who may or may not have previously registered with a payment system). The payment system then carries out or requests a transfer of the specified amount from the sender's account to the recipient account, if it knows the account number of the recipient; otherwise, the payment system sends an email to the email address of the specified recipient, informing the recipient of the attempted payment and inviting the recipient to provide a financial account number to the payment system in order to receive the payment.
In the illustrated embodiment, the processing system 400 includes one or more processors 410, memory 411, a communication device 412, and one or more input/output (I/O) devices 413, all coupled to each other through an interconnect 414. The interconnect 414 may be or include one or more conductive traces, buses, point-to-point connections, controllers, adapters and/or other conventional connection devices. The processor(s) 410 may be or include, for example, one or more general-purpose programmable microprocessors, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable gate arrays, or the like, or a combination of such devices. The processor(s) 410 control the overall operation of the processing device 400. Memory 411 may be or include one or more physical storage devices, which may be in the form of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM) (which may be erasable and programmable), flash memory, miniature hard disk drive, or other suitable type of storage device, or a combination of such devices. Memory 411 may store data and/or instructions 415 that configure the processor(s) 410 to execute operations in accordance with the techniques described above. The communication device 412 may be or include, for example, an Ethernet adapter, cable modem, Wi-Fi adapter, cellular transceiver, Bluetooth transceiver, or the like, or a combination thereof. Depending on the specific nature and purpose of the processing device 400, the I/O devices 413 can include devices such as a display (which may be a touch screen display), audio speaker, keyboard, mouse or other pointing device, microphone, camera, etc.
Unless contrary to physical possibility, it is envisioned that (i) the methods/steps described above may be performed in any sequence and/or in any combination, and that (ii) the components of respective embodiments may be combined in any manner.
The techniques introduced above can be implemented by programmable circuitry programmed/configured by software and/or firmware, or entirely by special-purpose circuitry, or by a combination of such forms. Such special-purpose circuitry (if any) can be in the form of, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
Software or firmware to implement the techniques introduced here may be stored on a machine-readable storage medium and may be executed by one or more general-purpose or special-purpose programmable microprocessors. A “machine-readable medium”, as the term is used herein, includes any mechanism that can store information in a form accessible by a machine (a machine may be, for example, a computer, network device, cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), manufacturing tool, any device with one or more processors, etc.). For example, a machine-accessible medium includes recordable/non-recordable media (e.g., read-only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; etc.), etc.
Note that any and all of the embodiments described above can be combined with each other, except to the extent that it may be stated otherwise above or to the extent that any such embodiments might be mutually exclusive in function and/or structure.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be recognized that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but can be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/921,373, filed on Dec. 27, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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61921373 | Dec 2013 | US |