Patent Application
20120118292
The present invention relates to an artificial respirator that supplies inspiratory air (inspiratory gas) when artificial respiration is performed on a user (patient) in a resuscitation procedure, and an operation method therefore.
In recent years, automatic external defibrillators (AED) have been permitted to be used by ordinary people other than the healthcare professionals such as doctors, emergency life saving technicians, nurses, and the like, and the AEDs have been widely provided at places where many people gather, such as airports, stations, and buildings, which contribute to increase the survival rate. In the resuscitation, cardiac arrest and respiration cease have to be handled. Although the AED is effective with respect to the cardiac arrest, for handling the respiration cease, artificial respiration (mouth to mouth, for example) is needed at the present time. Thus, if compact artificial respirators that are easy to be transported for first-aid are widely distributed together with the AEDs, it is possible to further increase the survival rate.
The commonly distributed artificial respirators are manufactured on the assumption that they are used by the healthcare professionals, and setting of the respiratory pattern, the inspiratory pressure, concentration of oxygen, concentration of CO2 in expiration, and the like are adapted to be set or to be automatically set depending on patients, and hence the artificial respirators are large apparatuses. In addition, in order to supply the inspiratory gas, the infrastructure of hospital is used, or most artificial respirators use a compressed air container or a compressed oxygen container even if the artificial respirators are transportable. Therefore, the artificial respirators cannot be easily transported for use.
On the assumption that the artificial respirator is provided together with the AED, it is important to reduce the size and the weight of the apparatus. As a method of supplying the inspiratory gas, there is a method using a pressure vessel. In this case, assumed that one-time inspiratory volume is 0.5 L, the respiratory rate is 12 times per minute, and the procedure period of time is 60 minutes, necessary air amount is 360 L. Assumed that the gas pressure is 10 Mpa, the gas volume is 3.6 L. When the pressure vessel available in the market is used, the pressure vessel has a volume of 10 L, and thus it has a weight of about 12 kg. Therefore, it cannot be easily transported.
On the other hand, Patent Document 1 below discloses a portable artificial respirator. In this artificial respirator, the inspiratory gas is generated by a dual head air compressor. For switching of respiration, an air driven valve is employed. In order to generate compressed air for driving this valve, a single head air compressor is incorporated. Those two air compressors are alternately operated, to thereby form a respiratory pattern.
In recent years, similarly to the AEDs, distribution of compact artificial respirators easy to be transported for first-aid has been strongly demanded. In order to respond to such a demand, there is a need for overcoming various technical problems such as a reduction of the size and the weight enough to easily transport the apparatus from its setting place and a reduction of the electric power consumption. However, with the artificial respirator disclosed in Patent Document 1 above, such problems cannot be sufficiently overcome.
In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compact and low-power-consumption artificial respirator and an operation method therefor.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an artificial respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a mask, a reservoir tank, a valve mechanism, a control section, and a pressurizing pump.
The mask is to be worn by a patient. The reservoir tank stores inspiratory air. The valve mechanism is connected between the mask and the reservoir tank, and has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the inspiratory air contained in the reservoir tank is fed to the mask. In the second state, expired air of the patient, which is discharged from the mask, is released. The control section is capable of alternately switching between the first state and the second state. The control section controls the valve mechanism to be driven so that the first state is kept for a first period of time and the second state is kept for a second period of time equal to or longer than the first period of time. The pressurizing pump is connected to the reservoir tank to supply the inspiratory air, which is consumed in the first period of time, within the second period of time.
Further, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an operation method for an artificial respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of feeding inspiratory air contained in a reservoir tank to a mask, that a patient wears, for a first period of time. Expired gas of the patient is released under a state of blocking a communication between the reservoir tank and the mask for a second period of time equal to or longer than the first period of time. By a pressurizing pump connected to the reservoir tank, the inspiratory air, which is consumed in the first period of time, is supplied within the second period of time. The inspiratory air contained in the reservoir tank is fed to the mask for the first period of time.
An artificial respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a mask, a reservoir tank, a valve mechanism, a control section, and a pressurizing pump.
The mask is worn by the patient so as to cover the mouth and the nose, for example. The control section controls the valve mechanism to be driven, to thereby alternately switch between a first state for feeding inspiratory air stored in the reservoir tank to the patient and a second state for releasing expired air of the patient. The pressurizing pump has a discharge function for reversing a reduction of pressure within the reservoir tank, which is caused due to the inspiration, for an expiration period of time. Here, the expiration period of time (second period of time) is set to be equal to or longer than the inspiration period of time (first period of time), and hence the pressurizing pump having a small volume is allowed to supply needed inspiratory air into the reservoir tank. Thus, it is possible to reduce the volumes of the pressurizing pump and the reservoir tank, and at the same time to achieve a reduction of driving electric power for the pressurizing pump. Therefore, according to the artificial respirator, it is possible to achieve a reduction of the size and the electric power consumption.
The artificial respirator may further include a battery and a casing. The battery supplies electric power to the valve mechanism, the control section, and the pressurizing pump. The casing houses the battery, the mask, the reservoir tank, the valve mechanism, the control section, and the pressurizing pump.
Thus, it becomes possible to easily perform installation of the artificial respirator in place and transportation of the artificial respirator from such a place.
The artificial respirator may further include a guiding means for providing audio or video guidance for an operating procedure for the artificial respirator.
In this manner, ordinary people other than the healthcare professionals are allowed to operate the artificial respirator.
An operation method for an artificial respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes feeding inspiratory air contained within a reservoir tank to a mask, that a patient wears, for a first period of time. The inspiratory air, which is consumed in the first period of time, is supplied within a second period of time equal to or longer than the first period of time by a pressurizing pump connected to the reservoir tank.
According to the operation method for the artificial respirator, it is possible to reduce the volumes of the pressurizing pump and the reservoir tank, and at the same time to achieve a reduction of driving electric power for the pressurizing pump. Thus, it is possible to achieve a reduction of the size and the electric power consumption of the artificial respirator.
Further, the pressurizing pump is continuously operated for the first period of time and the second period of time at a constant rotational speed, and hence it is possible to reduce the electric power consumption as compared to a case of operating the pressurizing pump in an intermittent manner.
Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Although in the following description, specific integers are described, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to those integers.
The artificial respirator according to the embodiment of the present invention uses a pressurizing pump having a relatively small volume, to thereby realize a reduction in size and weight of the apparatus. In the case of realizing the artificial respirator that anyone can use for first-aid, it is so difficult to optimize the setting of the inspiratory volume (ventilatory volume), the respiratory rate, the ratio of expiration and inspiration, and the inspiratory pressure depending on users (patients). In view of this, the respiratory pattern is set to one pattern for safety reasons. It should be noted that the inspiratory volume can be selected for child or adult. When the airway pressure exceeds 40 cmH2O, problems may occur in the trachea or the lung, and hence the inspiratory pressure is typically set to range from 10 to 30 cmH2O, and in this embodiment to 30 cmH2O. The respiratory rate is set to 12 times per minute, the ratio of the inspiration period of time and the expiration period of time is set to 1:2, and the inspiratory volume (ventilatory volume) is set to 0.5 L.
G1=ventilatory volume×pressure=0.5×104.26=52.13kPa*L (1).
This ventilation is performed in 1.66 seconds, and thus, the gas flow rate Q1 can be calculated by the following expression:
When reducing into 1 atmosphere, 20° C.,
1884/101.3=18.6L/min (3)
is established.
When setting to the normal state of 0° C., 1 atmosphere,
18.6×(273/293)=17.33NL/min (4).
The electric power consumption of the pressurizing pump, which can satisfy this flow rate, ranges from approximately 30 W to 50 W, although it varies in a large degree depending on the structure of the pump and the efficiency of the drive motor. Thus, it is necessary to prepare a large battery for driving.
In order to solve such a problem, there can be conceived an operation method in which the pressurizing pump is stopped for the expiration period of time. The pressurizing pump can be stopped by ⅔ of respiratory period of time, and hence the capacity of the battery can be reduced. It should be noted that the following problems occur: during activation of the pressurizing pump, large activation electric current is needed, and hence the battery capable of applying large electric current for a short time is needed; and the typical pressurizing pump is manufactured on the assumption of continuous operation, and hence the mechanical duration of life is shorten due to the repeated activations.
In view of this, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned problems are overcome in the following manner. That is, in the respiratory pattern of
Assumed that the discharged gas amount demanded to the pressurizing pump is Q2 (kPa*L/min), the following expression is established:
G1=(5/60)×Q2 (5).
Q2=625.56kPa*L/min (6).
When reducing into 20° C., 1 atmosphere,
625.56/101.3=6.17L/min (7).
When setting this to the normal state of 0° C., 1 atmosphere,
6.17×(273/293)=5.75NL/min (8).
According to the above-mentioned calculation, when the reservoir tank is used, as compared to the case without reservoir tank, according to Expression (4), downsizing from the pressurizing pump of 17.33 NL/min to the pressurizing pump of 5.75 NL/min can be achieved.
Next, the volume of the reservoir tank 4 is determined. With reference to
In the example of
G−G1+Q2×(1.66/60) (9).
It should be noted that the gas amount at the termination of the expiration is one that is obtained by adding Q2×(3.33/60) to the gas amount at the termination of the inspiration. Thus, the gas amount reduction (ΔQ) of the reservoir tank at the termination of the inspiration is, according to Expression (9), 34.83 kPa*L. In
Assumed that the tank volume is V, the pressure of the reservoir tank 4 is expressed by the following expression:
P=G/V (10).
Here, the pressure change on the assumption that the reservoir tank volume is 1 L and the initial pressure is 141.3 kPa (40 kPaG) is shown in
ΔP=G/V=34.83/1=34.83kPa,
the pressure at the termination of the inspiration is 141.26-34.83=106.43 kPa, and the minimum inspiratory pressure of 104.26 kPa can be satisfied.
The artificial respirator 100 of this embodiment includes a casing 23 that houses a gas supply system, a control system, a power supply system, and the like. The casing 23 is detachably attached to a base 24 placed in place in doors or out of doors, and is detached from the base 24 and transported to a using place during use. The size of the casing 23 is, for example, about 35 cm in length, width, and height, respectively.
The base 24 is provided with a charger 22 connected to a power supply source such as a commercial power supply. The casing 23 has a built-in battery 20 constituting the power supply system, and is capable of charging the battery 20 through a conductor 21 when placed in the base 24. As the battery 20, for example, a nickel-hydrogen battery (24 V) having a capacity of 3 AH can be used.
The gas supply system of the artificial respirator 100 includes the pressurizing pump 1, the reservoir tank 4, the pressure reducing valve 6, an inspiratory solenoid valve 5, an expiratory solenoid valve 8, and the mask 15. The pressurizing pump 1 is connected to the reservoir tank 4, and supplies inspiratory gas (inspiratory air) generated by compressing the air into the reservoir tank 4. As the pressurizing pump 1, for example, a diaphragm pomp is used. The pressurizing pump 1 is driven by a DC brushless motor 1M. The motor 1M is provided with driving electric power through a driver 16 from the battery 20, and changes output waveform according to an instruction from a control section 17 to thereby operate the pressurizing pump 1 at an arbitrary rotational speed.
A relation between a flow rate and a discharging pressure (lift) of the pressurizing pump is shown in
The pressurizing pump 1 is stopped for a significantly long time, and hence in order to immediately supply the inspiratory gas, the inspiratory gas contained in the reservoir tank 4 is stored while being pressurized. Typically, the diaphragm pump includes an inspiratory valve and an expiratory valve, and hence by stopping the reservoir tank while being pressurized, a discharge valve is pressed due to the pressure and fixed, with a result that during activation, it is impossible to generate the inspiratory gas. In view of this, in this embodiment, between the pressurizing pump 1 and the reservoir tank 4, there is provided a check valve 10 for preventing the counter flow of the inspiratory gas from the reservoir tank 4 to the pressurizing pump 1. Further, a solenoid valve 9 for exposure to the atmosphere is attached between the pressurizing pump 1 and the check valve 10, which releases the pressure during stop of the pump to prevent the pressure of the inspiratory gas from being applied to the discharge valve. The solenoid valve 9 for exposure to the atmosphere is driven by the control section 17.
The reservoir tank 4 includes a relief valve 11. The volume of the reservoir tank 4 is for example 1L, and when the inner pressure of the reservoir tank 4 becomes equal to or higher than 40 kPaG, the relief valve 11 is opened. In this manner, the pressurizing pump 1 is prevented from being excessively loaded.
To the downstream side of the reservoir tank 4, the pressure reducing valve 6 is attached, and thus, the downstream side of the pressure reducing valve 6 is kept at 104.26 kPa (3 kPaG). To the downstream side of the pressure reducing valve 6, the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 is connected through a flowmeter 7. The inspiratory solenoid valve 5 functions as a supply valve for feeding the inspiratory gas contained in the reservoir tank 4 to the mask 15. The inspiratory solenoid valve 5 has two positions of a communication position and a blocking position, and is switched to the communication position during inspiration, and to the blocking position during expiration. The switching of the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 is controlled by the control section 17. The inspiratory gas, which has passed through the inspiratory solenoid valve 5, is fed through a first conduit 25 to the mask 15.
The first conduit 25 links between the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 and the mask 15, and a part of the first conduit 25 may be made of a flexible piping material. The first conduit 25 is housed in the casing 23 when not used, and is put out from the casing 23 together with the mask 15 when used. To the first conduit 25, a filter 12, a relief valve 13, and a pressure gauge 14 are attached. The relief valve 13 is opened when the first conduit 25 reaches a predetermined abnormal pressure value, for example, when the airway of the patient is closed.
Further, to the first conduit 25, a second conduit 26 that communicates to the expiratory solenoid valve 8. The expiratory solenoid valve 8 has two positions of a communication position and a blocking position, and is switched to the blocking position during inspiration, and to the communication position during expiration. The switching of the expiratory solenoid valve 8 is controlled by the control section 17.
The control section 17 constitutes the control system of the artificial respirator 100. The control section 17 is configured by a computer, and controls the pressurizing pump 1 (driver 16), the inspiratory solenoid valve 5, the expiratory solenoid valve 8, and the solenoid valve 9 for exposure to the atmosphere to be driven. Here, the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 and the expiratory solenoid valve 8 constitute a “valve mechanism” according to the present invention. The control section 17 controls the switching of the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 and the expiratory solenoid valve 8 in synchronization, to thereby alternately switch a state (first state) of feeding the inspiratory gas to the patient and a state (second state) of discharging the expired air from the patient.
Further, the control section 17 monitors the operation of the gas supply system on the basis of the outputs of the flowmeter 7 and the pressure gauge 14. For example, in the case where a predetermined pressure is not detected by the pressure gauge 14 during inspiration, the control section 17 determines that the mask 15 is inappropriately worn. Then, the control section 17 outputs a predetermined notice through a display section 18 or a speaker 19, to thereby call the user's attention. However, the following configuration may be employed: after a predetermined respiratory rate is obtained, the control section 17 closes both of the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 and the expiratory solenoid valve 8, and monitors the output of the pressure gauge 14 at that time, to thereby detect recovery of the spontaneous breathing of the patient.
The display section 18 is constituted of a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, or the like, and is controlled by the control section 17 to display. The display section 18 displays, according to the output of the control section 17, the condition of the patient and the wearing state of the mask. In addition, the control section 17 controls the display section 18 to display the operating procedure for the artificial respirator 100 (procedure of wearing the mask, resuscitation procedure, and the like). Audio guidance through the speaker 19 may be performed at the same time. In this manner, the first-aid can be carried out by ordinary people other than the healthcare professionals. It should be noted that the display section 18 and the speaker 19 constitute a “guiding means” according to the present invention.
Next, the operation of the artificial respirator 100 according to this embodiment, which is configured in the above-mentioned manner, will be described.
When not used, the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 and the expiratory solenoid valve 8 are, as shown in
For use, the mask 15 is put on the patient. The control section 17 controls the inspiratory solenoid valve 5 and the expiratory solenoid valve 8 to be driven, to thereby alternately switch between the supply of the inspiratory gas to the patient and the discharge of the expired air. In this embodiment, according to the respiratory pattern shown in
As described with reference to
In this embodiment, the electric power consumption of the whole of the apparatus is about 62 W. Assumed that the voltage of the battery 20 is 24 V, the electric current value is 2.58 A. In this case, when the battery 20 of 3 AH is used, the operation of 1.1 hours is enabled. The artificial respirator 100 of this embodiment is a respirator for first-aid, and it is sufficient that for example the operation be enabled until the ambulance arrives. Thus, the above-mentioned operation period of time can achieve the object sufficiently.
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modification can be made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention.
Although for example in the above-mentioned embodiment, the ratio of the inspiration period of time (first period of time) and the expiration period of time (second period of time) is set to 1:2 so that the expiration period of time is set to be longer than the inspiration period of time, the present invention is not limited thereto, but the expiration period of time may be set to be equal to the inspiration period of time. Further, as long as the expiration period of time is equal to or longer than the inspiration period of time, such a ratio can be appropriately changed. Similarly, the respiratory rate per unit time, the inspiratory gas amount, the minimum inspiratory pressure, and the like can be also changed appropriately. Depending on those conditions, a pump can be appropriately selected as the pressurizing pump.
Further, although in the above-mentioned embodiment, a pair of two-port and two-position solenoid valves 5, 8 are used as the valve mechanism that switches between the expiration and the inspiration, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a 3-port and 3-position solenoid valve which has a first position for feeding the inspiratory gas from the reservoir tank to the mask, a second position for blocking between the reservoir tank and the mask, a third position for exposing the mask to the atmosphere may be used as the valve mechanism.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-197889 | Aug 2009 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP10/04858 | 8/2/2010 | WO | 00 | 8/29/2011 |
