Patent Grant
10620357
This application claims the priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0110345, filed on Aug. 30, 2017 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a backlight unit including an input coupler, a holographic display apparatus including the backlight unit, and a method of manufacturing the input coupler, and more particularly, to a backlight unit for suppressing a stripe pattern of illumination light by using an input coupler having a tilted grating structure, a holographic display apparatus including the backlight unit, and a method of manufacturing the input coupler having the tilted grating structure.
A glasses type method and a non-glasses type method are widely used as methods of forming three-dimensional (3D) images. Examples of the glasses type method include a polarized glasses type method and a shutter glasses type method, and examples of the non-glasses type method include a lenticular method and a parallax barrier method. Such methods using binocular parallax have problems in that it is difficult to increase the number of viewpoints and viewers may feel tired due to a difference between depth perceived by the brain and the focus of eyes.
As 3D image display methods for making depth perceived by the brain consistent with the focus of the eyes and providing full parallax, holographic display methods have been gradually put to practical use. Holographic display methods reproduce an image of an original object by irradiating reference light onto a hologram pattern on which an interference pattern obtained by interference between object light reflected from the original object and the reference light is recorded and diffracting the reference light. Recently, backlight units using light guide plates have been used to reduce the volumes of optical systems in holographic display apparatuses.
One or more example embodiments provide a backlight unit for suppressing a stripe pattern of illumination light by using an input coupler having a tilted grating structure.
One or more example embodiments also provide a holographic display apparatus including the backlight unit.
One or more example embodiments also provide a method of manufacturing the input coupler having the tilted grating structure
According to an aspect of an example embodiment, there is provided a backlight unit including a light source configured to generate light, a light guide plate including a light incident surface on which the light generated by the light source is incident and a light emission surface through which the light incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate is emitted, an input coupler configured to cause the light incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate to travel into the light guide plate, and an output coupler configured to emit the light traveling in the light guide plate outward through the light emission surface of the light guide plate, wherein the input coupler includes a binary grating structure in which a plurality of barriers that are arranged parallel to one another at a constant grating period, and the plurality of barriers are tilted from a direction of the light incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate.
The input coupler may be further configured to cause light perpendicularly incident on the input coupler to be diffracted and to obliquely travel with respect to the input coupler, and to cause light obliquely incident on the input coupler to be diffracted and to travel in one of a direction perpendicular to the input coupler or a direction opposite to a direction in which light travels in the light guide plate.
The light guide plate may further include a first surface and a second surface that is opposite to the first surface, and the input coupler may be provided on an edge portion of the first surface of the light guide plate and may be further configured to diffract the light incident on the input coupler to obliquely travel to the second surface of the light guide plate.
The light may include light having a first wavelength band and light having a second wavelength band that is shorter than the first wavelength band, and wherein the constant grating period of the input coupler may be set so the light having the first wavelength band that is diffracted by the input coupler is incident on the second surface of the light guide plate, is totally reflected by the second surface of the light guide plate, and travels to the first surface of the light guide plate and is not incident again on the input coupler.
The constant grating period of the input coupler may be set so a portion of the light having the second wavelength band that is diffracted by the input coupler is incident on the second surface of the light guide plate, is totally reflected by the second surface of the light guide plate, and travels to the first surface of the light guide plate and is incident again on the input coupler.
The output coupler may be provided adjacent to the input coupler on the first surface of the light guide plate.
The output coupler may be provided on the second surface of the light guide plate.
The backlight unit may further include a collimating lens configured to collimate the light that is emitted from the light source and is incident on the input coupler into parallel light.
The backlight unit may further include a reflective layer provided on the input coupler.
According to an aspect of another example embodiment, there is provided a holographic display apparatus including a backlight unit, and a spatial light modulator configured to modulate light provided by the backlight unit and form a holographic image, wherein the backlight unit includes a light source configured to generate the light, a light guide plate including a light incident surface on which the light generated by the light source is incident and a light emission surface through which the incident light is emitted, an input coupler configured to cause the light incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate to travel into the light guide plate, and an output coupler configured to emit the light incident on the light traveling in the light guide plate outward through the light emission surface of the light guide plate, wherein the input coupler has a binary grating structure in which a plurality of barriers that are arranged parallel to one another at a constant grating period, and the plurality of barriers are tilted from a direction of the light incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate.
The input coupler may be further configured to cause light perpendicularly incident on the input coupler to be diffracted and to obliquely travel with respect to the input coupler, and to cause light obliquely incident on the input coupler to be diffracted and to travel in one of a direction perpendicular to the input coupler or a direction opposite to a direction in which light travels in the light guide plate.
The light guide plate may further include a first surface and a second surface that is opposite to the first, and the input coupler may be located on an edge portion of the first surface of the light guide plate and may be further configured to diffract the light incident on the input coupler to obliquely travel to the second surface of the light guide plate.
The light may include light having a first wavelength band and light having a second wavelength band that is shorter than the first wavelength band, and wherein the constant grating period of the input coupler may be set so the light having the first wavelength band that is diffracted by the input coupler is incident on the second surface of the light guide plate, is totally reflected by the second surface of the light guide plate, and travels to the first surface of the light guide plate and is not incident again on the input coupler.
The constant grating period of the input coupler may be set so a portion of the light having the second wavelength band that is diffracted by the input coupler is incident on the second surface of the light guide plate, is totally reflected by the second surface of the light guide plate, and travels to the first surface of the light guide plate and is incident again on the input coupler.
The output coupler may be provided adjacent to the input coupler on the first surface of the light guide plate.
The backlight unit may further include a reflective layer provided on the input coupler.
According to an aspect of another example embodiment, there is provided a method of manufacturing an input coupler, the method including preparing a plurality of elastic barriers that are parallel to one another and are perpendicularly provided on a first substrate, temporarily adhering the plurality of elastic barriers to a second substrate, filling a thermosetting or photocurable resin between the plurality of elastic barriers provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, tilting the plurality of elastic barriers by displacing the first substrate and the second substrate with respect to each other, forming a resin layer by curing the thermosetting or photocurable resin by applying heat or light to the thermosetting or photocurable resin, manufacturing a master mold including the second substrate and the resin layer by removing the first substrate and the plurality of elastic barriers, and replicating the input coupler by using the master mold, wherein the input coupler includes a binary grating structure in which a plurality of tilted barriers that are arranged parallel to one another at a constant grating period.
The temporary adhering of the plurality of elastic barriers to the second substrate may include performing oxygen (O2) plasma surface treatment on a surface of the second substrate, and adhering the plurality of elastic barriers to be in contact with the O2 plasma surface-treated surface of the second substrate.
The method wherein each of the plurality of elastic barriers may be oriented in a first direction, and wherein the displacing of the first substrate and the second substrate with respect to each other includes moving the first substrate or the second substrate in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.
The removing of the first substrate and the plurality of elastic barriers may include separating the plurality of elastic barriers from the second substrate.
The resin layer formed on the second substrate may include a plurality of tilted cavities that are parallel to one another.
The above and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of example embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same elements, and sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation. Also, example embodiments are described, and various modifications may be made from the example embodiments.
The singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term “and/or” includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of the plurality of related listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. For example, the expression, “at least one of a, b, and c,” should be understood as including only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, or all of a, b, and c.
When a first element is “on” or “over” a second element in a layer structure, it may include a case where the first element contacts the second element and is directly located on the top, bottom, left, or right of the second element, and a case where the first element does not contact the second element and is located on the top, bottom, left, or right of the second element with a one or more element therebetween.
The spatial light modulator 120 may form the hologram pattern for diffracting and modulating incident light according to a hologram signal applied from an image signal processor. The spatial light modulator 120 may be any one from among a phase modulator for performing only phase modulation, an amplitude modulator for performing only amplitude modulation, and a complex modulator for performing both phase modulation and amplitude modulation. Although the spatial light modulator 120 is a transmissive spatial light modulator in
Since the spatial light modulator 120 may include an array of pixels, the array of pixels may function as a pixel grating. Accordingly, light incident on the spatial light modulator 120 may be diffracted and interfere by the pixel grating including the array of pixels of the spatial light modulator 120 as well as the hologram pattern formed by the spatial light modulator 120. Also, part of the incident light may not be diffracted by the hologram pattern and may be directly transmitted through the spatial light modulator 120. As a result, not only the hologram image but also lattice spots may appear on a focal plane of the lens 130 where the hologram image is focused. The plurality of lattice spots may act as image noise that reduces the quality of the hologram image and make it uncomfortable for an observer to see the hologram image. Typically, in order to prevent or reduce the plurality of lattice spots from being seen by an observer, the hologram image may be reproduced by an off-axis method so the hologram image is prevented or reduced from overlapping with the plurality of lattice spots. In the off-axis method, the spatial filter 140 is located on the focal plane of the lens 130 and is configured to block the lattice spots and to transmit only the hologram image therethrough. Accordingly, the observer may see only the hologram image.
The backlight unit 110 may be configured to provide coherent homogenized illumination light to the spatial light modulator 120. In order to reduce or minimize the size of an optical system of the backlight unit 110, the backlight unit 110 may include a light guide plate. For example,
Referring to
The light source 114 may be a coherent light source configured to emit coherent light. In order to provide light having higher coherence, for example, a laser diode (LD) may be used as the light source 114. However, since light having some spatial coherence may be sufficiently diffracted and modulated by the spatial light modulator 120, for example, a light-emitting diode (LED) may also be used as the light source 114, but example embodiments are not limited thereto, and a light source emitting light having spatial coherence may be used as the light source 114. Also, although the light source 114 is illustrated as one block, the light source 114 may include an array of point light sources. For example, the light source 114 may include a plurality of red light-emitting lasers, a plurality of green light-emitting lasers, and a plurality of blue light-emitting lasers.
The light guide plate 111 may be formed of transparent glass or transparent plastic. For example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) may be used as a material of the light guide plate 111. The light guide plate 111 may have a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape to function as a light waveguide for delivering light. Light incident on one end of the light guide plate 111 may be delivered to the opposite end without light loss through total internal reflection.
The input coupler 112 may be configured to cause light to be diffracted and obliquely travel into the light guide plate 111. In order to diffract light, the input coupler 112 may have a binary grating structure in which a plurality of parallel barriers are arranged with a constant grating period. For example, light perpendicularly incident on the input coupler 112 may be diffracted by the input coupler 112 and then may obliquely travel in the light guide plate 111 at an angle greater than a critical angle. The light may be repeatedly totally reflected by a top surface and a bottom surface of the light guide plate 111 and may travel in the light guide plate 111.
The output coupler 113 may be configured to cause light to be diffracted and emitted to the outside of the light guide plate 111. In order to diffract light, the output coupler 113 may have a binary grating structure in which a plurality of parallel barriers are arranged with a constant grating period. For example, the output coupler 113 may cause part of light obliquely incident on the output coupler 113 to be diffracted and travel in a perpendicular direction or in a direction at an angle less than the critical angle. The light incident at an angle less than the critical angle on the light emission surface 111b that is on the top surface of the light guide plate 111 may pass through the light emission surface 111b of the light guide plate 111 without being totally reflected. In this manner, light traveling in the light guide plate 111 may be homogenously emitted by the output coupler 113 to the outside of the light guide plate 111 through the light emission surface 111b of the light guide plate 111.
As shown in
Illumination light collimated by the collimating lens 115 may be transmitted through the light incident surface 111a that is on the top surface of the light guide plate 111 and may be perpendicularly incident on the input coupler 112 that is on the bottom surface of the light guide plate 111. The illumination light perpendicularly incident on the input coupler 112 may be diffracted by the input coupler 112 and may obliquely travel to the top surface of the light guide plate 111. Next, the illumination light may be totally reflected by the top surface of the light guide plate 111 and may obliquely travel to the bottom surface of the light guide plate 111. Part of the illumination light may be totally reflected again by the bottom surface of the light guide plate 111 and may travel to the top surface of the light guide plate 111, and the other part of the illumination light may be diffracted by the output coupler 113 and may almost perpendicularly travel to the top surface of the light guide plate 111. The illumination light perpendicularly incident on the top surface of the light guide plate 111 may be emitted outward from the light guide plate 111 without being totally reflected. The illumination light emitted from the light guide plate 111 may be provided to the spatial light modulator 120.
In a backlight unit using a light guide plate, illumination light emitted from the light guide plate may not have uniform brightness and a bright/dark pattern having a stripe shape may be formed. In the backlight unit 110 according to an example embodiment, the input coupler 112 may have a tilted grating pattern in order to reduce or suppress a stripe pattern formed in illumination light emitted from the light guide plate 111. In other words, the plurality of barriers of the binary grating structure of the input coupler 112 may be tilted at a predetermined angle from a normal direction of the bottom surface of the light guide plate, and tilted from illumination light perpendicularly incident on the light incident surface 111a of the light guide plate 111.
For example,
For example, referring to
A grating period of the input coupler 112 may be selected, for example, so the red light R that is diffracted by the input coupler 112 is incident on a top surface of the light guide plate 111, totally reflected by the top surface of the light guide plate 111, and travels to a bottom surface of the light guide plate 111 not incident again on the input coupler 112. In more detail, as shown in
Referring to
The first light beam L1 of the green light G incident on the other edge of the light guide plate 111 is diffracted by the input coupler 112, and then is incident on the inner portion of the light incident surface 111a. Since the green light G has a wavelength shorter than that of the red light R, a diffraction angle of the green light G by the input coupler 112 is less than a diffraction angle of the red light R. Accordingly, the first light beam L1 totally reflected by the light incident surface 111a may be incident again on the input coupler 112. Also, the third light beam L3 between the first light beam L1 and the second light beam L2 is diffracted by the input coupler 112, and then is incident on the inner portion of the light incident surface 111a. Next, the third light beam L3 may be totally reflected by the light incident surface 111a and is incident on a boundary between the output coupler 113 and the input coupler 112.
Accordingly, light beams of the green light G between the first light beam L1 and the third light beam L3 may be diffracted by the input coupler 112, and then may be totally reflected by the light incident surface 111a and be incident again on the input coupler 112. When the light beams incident again on the input coupler 112 are diffracted again by the input coupler 112 and travel into the light guide plate 111, some of the light beams of the green light G may overlap with one another in the light guide plate 111, thereby causing bright stripes. However, in an example embodiment, since each of the barriers 112a of the input coupler 112 is tilted, bright stripes may be reduced or minimized.
For example,
According to an example embodiment, since light in a shorter wavelength band incident for the second time on the input coupler 112 may be mostly emitted to the outside of the light guide plate 111 through the light incident surface 111a, a bright stripe pattern formed in a shorter wavelength band when light beams overlap with one another in the light guide plate 111 may be reduced. Also, as shown in
Although both the input coupler 112 and the output coupler 113 are located on a bottom surface of the light guide plate 111, example embodiments are not limited thereto. For example,
Also, the light source 114 and the collimating lens 115 may not directly face the light incident surface 111a. For example, referring to
First, referring to
Next, the plurality of elastic barriers 203 may be temporarily adhered to a second substrate 202. For example, the second substrate 202 may also be formed of an elastic material such as PDMS resin or silicon resin. For temporary adhesion, surface treatment, for example, oxygen (O2) plasma surface treatment, may be performed on a surface of the second substrate 202. After the surface treatment is performed on the second surface 202, when the plurality of elastic barriers 203 are brought into contact with the surface-treated surface of the second substrate 202, the second substrate 202 may be naturally adhered to the plurality of elastic barriers 203. Accordingly, a first end portion of each of the elastic barriers 203 may contact the first substrate 201 and a second end portion of each of the elastic barriers 203 may contact the second substrate 202.
Referring to
Also, referring to
Next, referring to
Referring to
For example, referring to
While a backlight unit including an input coupler, a holographic display apparatus including the backlight unit, and a method of manufacturing the input coupler according to the present disclosure have been shown and described with reference to example embodiments thereof, the example embodiments and terms have merely been used to explain the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The example embodiments should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is defined not by the detailed description of the present disclosure but by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present disclosure.
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