Patent Application
20110251555
The present invention relates to ballooned-tipped endoscopic devices useful in natural orifice transluminal endoscopy surgery. The systems can be used to deploy therapeutic devices and obtain tissue samples
Openings or perforations in the walls of internal organs and vessels may be naturally occurring, or formed intentionally or unintentionally. These openings may be used to gain access to adjacent structures of the body, such techniques being commonly referred to as transluminal procedures. For example, culdoscopy was developed over 70 years ago, and involves transvaginally accessing the peritoneal cavity by forming an opening in the cul de sac. This access to the peritoneal cavity allows medical professionals to visually inspect numerous anatomical structures, as well as perform various procedures such as biopsies or other operations, such as tubal ligation. Many transluminal procedures for gaining access to various body cavities using other bodily lumens have also been developed. One field of procedures has been referred to as Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopy Surgery (“NOTES”). Natural orifices such as the mouth, nose, ear, anus, or vagina may provide access to such bodily lumens and cavities. The bodily lumen(s) of the gastrointestinal tract are often endoscopically explored and can be utilized to provide access to the peritoneal cavity and other body cavities, all in a minimally invasive manner. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0132948 discloses such a procedure and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Compared to traditional open surgery or laparoscopic surgery, transluminal procedures are less invasive by eliminating abdominal incisions (or other exterior incisions) and incision related complications, while also reducing postoperative recovery time, reducing pain, and improving cosmetic appearance. At the same time, there remain challenges to transluminal procedures, including providing a suitable conduit to the openings and body cavities, robust medical devices that are maneuverable via the conduit and operable within the body cavity, sterility of the conduit, maintaining insufflation of the body cavity, proper closure of the opening and prevention of infection. For example, when an opening is formed in a bodily wall of the gastrointestinal tract, such as in the stomach or intestines, spillage of the stomach contents, intestinal contents or other bodily fluids into the adjacent body cavity can occur. Travel of bacteria laden fluids outside of the gastrointestinal tract may cause unwanted and sometimes deadly infection.
One of the current challenges in NOTES procedures is sterile delivery of a material into the peritoneum and obtaining tissue samples in a sterile way.
Herein provided is a multi-luminal system comprising an outer catheter comprising a distal portion and a wall that encloses an outer lumen; an inner catheter movably disposed within the outer lumen and having an inner lumen; a balloon-tipped catheter movably disposed within the inner lumen and having a distal portion and a proximal portion, wherein the distal portion of the balloon-tipped catheter comprises a balloon; a deployable device within the outer lumen. The system can also comprise an invertible sleeve within the outer lumen with a first section attached to the distal portion of the outer catheter and a second section attached to a push mechanism that is proximal to the deployable device. The balloon is expandable to contact the invertible sleeve to provide a seal to prevent fluids from entering the outer lumen.
The system can also comprise a push mechanism that is a push catheter having a lumen therethrough located within the outer lumen with a first position proximal to the balloon. The deployable device can be a medical device that provides a therapeutic treatment to an animal body. The deployable device is about the inner catheter and the inner catheter further comprises a push mechanism for deploying the deployable device.
Described herein is also a delivery system wherein the proximal portion of the balloon-tipped catheter is an elongated catheter shaft within the inner lumen and the balloon has a first predetermined diameter when inflated and a second predetermined diameter when deflated. The catheters can be concentric with the inner lumen of the inner catheter located within the lumen of the push catheter. The inner catheter and push catheter may not be concentric. The invertible sleeve can be comprised of biocompatible cloth or fabric mesh.
Also described herein is a method of delivery using a multi-luminal delivery system described herein. The method comprises introducing the system into an endoluminal vessel until the balloon reaches a desired location; deflating the balloon; placing the deflated balloon within the inner lumen of the inner catheter; manipulating the invertible sleeve such that the second section is distal to the first section; and deploying the deployable device by manipulating the outer catheter relative to the inner catheter such that the deployable device is distal to the outer catheter.
The term “prosthesis” means any replacement for a body part or for a function of that body part or any device that enhances or adds functionality to a physiological system.
The term “stent” means any device that provides rigidity, expansion force, or support to a prosthesis, such as a stent graft. In one configuration, the stent may represent a plurality of discontinuous devices. In another configuration, the stent may represent one device. Stents may have a wide variety of configurations and may be balloon-expandable or self-expanding. Typically, stents have a circular cross-section when fully expanded, so as to conform to the generally circular cross-section of a body lumen. In one example, a stent may comprise struts (elongate portions) and acute bends (curvilinear portions) that are arranged in a zigzag configuration in which the struts are set at angles to each other and are connected by the acute bends. Although an undulating configuration is used throughout this application, it is understood that the stent may have a sinusoidal or a zigzag configuration as well. One example of a stent configuration is a Z-stent. The stents as described in this disclosure may be attached to the exterior of the graft, the interior of the graft, and/or may be sandwiched between two or more layers of graft material.
A variety of biocompatible materials may be employed to construct the stent, or portions of the stent, including metals and/or alloys, medically acceptable polymers, and/or bioabsorbable polymers or materials. The metals and/or alloys may, among other things, include stainless steel, tantalum, nitinol, gold, silver, tungsten, platinum, inconel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and iridium, all of which are commercially available metals or alloys used in the fabrication of medical devices. In a preferred configuration, the stent is constructed from nitinol, stainless steel, and/or cobalt-chromium alloys.
The term “graft or graft material” means a generally cannular or tubular member which acts as an artificial vessel or prosthesis. A graft by itself or with the addition of other elements, such as structural components, can be an endoluminal prosthesis. The graft comprises a single material, a blend of materials, a weave, a laminate, or a composite of two or more materials.
The term “catheter” generally means medical devices including balloon-tipped catheters, guide catheters, and delivery catheters.
The term “deployable device” generally means a medical device that provides therapeutic treatment to a medically treatable area of an animal body. Deployable devices include, but are not limited to, a hernia mesh, ligating barrel, jejunal magnet, or stent graft.
As shown in
The invertible sleeve has a first section 2 that is attached to the distal portion of the outer catheter and a second section 1 that is attached to the push catheter 22. As shown in
Balloon-tipped catheters are manufactured in a variety of arrangements. The ballooned-tipped catheter 26 has a proximal elongated catheter shaft 16 that is movably disposed within the inner lumen 7 of the inner catheter 20. It is understood that the distal portion of the balloon-tipped catheter 26, the actual balloon 15, has a first larger diameter when inflated (
The balloon-tipped catheter 26 can be made of materials capable of elastic expansion typically used in the field. For example, the balloon-tipped catheter 26 can comprise silicone, latex, or any other suitable material commonly used in the field. The balloon 15 can be tapered, bulbous, or cylindrical. The balloon-tipped catheter 26 can comprise a wire guide to assist in guiding the entire system 10 throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The balloon 15 can have a nipple like tip (not shown) to assist in advancing the catheter. Suitable alternative configurations for the balloon-tipped catheter 26 are disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/141,568, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
As explained above, the invertible sleeve 9 assists in preventing contamination of the deployable device and the outer lumen. Without the invertible sleeve 9, the junction of the balloon 15 and the internal wall of the distal portion of the outer catheter 24 may come into contact with bodily fluids and bacteria as the system travels to a desired location. It may be possible that the deployable device may come into contact with remnants of these bodily fluids as it moves past the lip of the outer catheter 24. As shown in
With any of the above configurations, any bacteria will come into contact with the inwardly facing side of the invertible sleeve 9. When the deployable device 30 is deployed as shown in
The push catheter 22 is within the outer lumen and generally has the same diameter as the deployable device 30. The deployable device shown in the figures is a hernia mesh 30. The push catheter 22 is shown in a first position in
The proximal elongated shaft 16 of the ballooned-tipped catheter 26 is disposed within the inner lumen 7 of the inner catheter 20. Once the delivery device 10 is advanced to the target site with the patient and the balloon 15 is deflated, it is retracted into the inner lumen 7. While within the inner catheter 20, the balloon 15 and any other bodily fluids disposed thereon are maintained separate from the deployable device 30. Contact between the deployable device 30 and the balloon 15 is minimized with the aid of the invertible sleeve 9 so as to maintain the sterility of the deployable device 30 until implantation. The seal provided by the balloon 15 minimizes the possibility of transferring bacteria or other microorganisms that may be considered harmful from a first environment into a second environment. The system 10 travels through the colon and out of an incision into the peritoneum. The system 10 may be exposed to fluids and bacteria in both environments. The seal helps prevent material found in the colon from entering the outer lumen 5 and being transferred to a second environment, such as the peritoneum. Once the balloon 15 is withdrawn inside the inner catheter 20, the push catheter 22 can be advanced distally to deploy the deployable device, the hernia mesh 30, out of the outer catheter 24. Alternatively, the outer catheter 24 can be retracted to deploy the deployable device 30.
The deployable device 30 and the push catheter 22 have smaller diameters than the outer catheter 24 but larger diameters than the inner catheter 20. Although a hernia mesh 30 is shown in these figures as the deployable device, other devices can be delivered using this system. For example, the delivery system 10 can also be used to deliver, for example, gauzes of any type, large volumes of fluid or powders, specimen retrieval bags, or slings. The deployable device can be a stent graft, ligating bands, or jejunal magnets. The deployable device can be any device used in endoscopy but is too large to fit in the accessory channel of an endoscope. The deployable devices may require other accoutrements for delivery. For instance, if actuating wires are needed for delivery of a stent graft they can be carried within the push catheter 22. Similarly, activation lines may be carried within the push catheter 22 for delivering ligating bands.
The system 10 can also comprise a wire guide to assist in delivery, such as is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0168612, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The system can also be adapted to accommodate joystick manipulation.
In an alternative embodiment, the push catheter 22 and the inner catheter 20 comprise a unitary construction. Or the push catheter 22 may be eliminated from the delivery system 10 altogether. With respect to the latter configuration, the function of the push catheter 22 may be replaced by a push mechanism disposed on the inner catheter 20 as described below.
This inner catheter 20 may comprise a push mechanism to assist in deploying the deployable device 30. The push mechanism can be a ridge having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the inner catheter 20 that proximally abuts the proximal end of a deployable device 30. The ridge can be used to advance the deployable device 30 out of the outer lumen 5 or hold the deployable device 30 in place while the outer catheter 24 is retracted. The ridge can be radiopaque. The balloon tip 15 can also comprise a wire guide to assist in placing the system 10.
The system is used to deliver deployable devices through a natural bodily orifice, such as the mouth, nose, or anus, with the balloon inflated to seal off bodily fluids. Through the mouth, the system would be able to access the upper gastrointestinal tract, the stomach, the duodenum, and the small intestine. Through the anus, the system could access the colon, which includes the large and small intestine. A system having comparable diameter can access the sinuses through the nose. Other areas of the body can be accessed with internal incisions in the stomach, vagina, bladder, or colon to perform procedures such as appendectomies, gastric revisions, ligation, or biopsies.
The system 10 is introduced into a human anus and advanced through the rectum and into the colon until the balloon tip 15 reaches a desired location. The system can be introduced transrectally, transvaginally, or transgastrically. The balloon tip 15 provides a seal to prevent bodily fluids from entering the outer lumen and contaminating the sterile deployable device. Because of its flexibility and contour, the balloon-tipped catheter 26 acts as a flexible tip to the system 10 that prevents damage to the anatomy as the system 10 winds its way through the gastrointestinal tract to the desired location.
Additional details of the components of the delivery system 10, and exemplary methods of using the system to deliver deployable devices, are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0168612, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Numerous modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments discussed were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/252,981, filed on Oct. 19, 2009, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61252981 | Oct 2009 | US |
