TECHNICAL FIELD
This application relates generally to a battery module having a battery cell assembly with a heat exchanger.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Battery packs generate heat during usage. To prevent degradation of the battery packs, the battery packs should be cooled. However, another cooling system may not uniformly cool battery cells in a battery pack. The inventors herein have recognized that if battery cells in a battery pack are not uniformly cooled, the battery cells can undesirably have differing operational characteristics including differing output voltages.
Accordingly, the inventors herein have recognized a need for an improved battery module that minimizes and/or eliminates the above-mentioned deficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A battery cell assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment is provided. The battery cell assembly includes a first battery cell having a first side and a second side. The battery cell assembly further includes a second battery cell having a first side and a second side. The first side of the second battery cell contacts the second side of the first battery cell. The battery cell assembly further includes a heat exchanger having a first side and a second side. The first side of the heat exchanger contacts the second side of the second battery cell. The battery cell assembly further includes a third battery cell having a first side and a second side. The first side of the third battery cell contacts the second side of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to remove heat energy from the first, second, and third battery cells to maintain the first, second, and third battery cells at substantially a desired temperature.
A battery module in accordance with an exemplary embodiment is provided. The battery module includes a first battery cell assembly having a first battery cell with a first side and a second side. The first battery cell assembly further includes a second battery cell with a first side and a second side. The first side of the second battery cell contacts the second side of the first battery cell. The first battery cell assembly further includes a first heat exchanger with a first side and a second side. The first side of the first heat exchanger contacts the second side of the second battery cell. The first battery cell assembly further includes a third battery cell with a first side and a second side. The first side of the third battery cell contacts the second side of the first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is configured to remove heat energy from the first, second, and third battery cells to maintain the first, second, and third battery cells at substantially a desired temperature. The battery module further includes a second battery cell assembly having a fourth battery cell with a first side and a second side. The first side of the fourth battery cell contacts the second side of the third battery cell of the first battery cell assembly. The second battery cell assembly further includes a second heat exchanger with a first side and a second side. The first side of the second heat exchanger contacts the second side of the fourth battery cell. The second battery cell assembly further includes a fifth battery cell with a first side and a second side. The first side of the fifth battery cell contacts the second side of the second heat exchanger. The second battery cell assembly further includes a sixth battery cell with a first side and a second side. The first side of the sixth battery cell contacts the second side of the fifth battery cell. The second heat exchanger is configured to remove heat energy from the fourth, fifth and sixth battery cells to maintain the fourth, fifth and sixth battery cells at substantially the desired temperature.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a battery module in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic of a portion of the battery module of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic of a battery cell assembly in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, utilized in the battery module of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is another schematic of the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is another schematic of the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic of a top portion of the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic of a bottom portion of the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic of a first side of a first rectangular ring-shaped frame member utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a bottom portion of the first side of the first rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic of a top portion of the first side of the first rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a schematic of a second side of the first rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 8;
FIG. 12 is a schematic of a bottom portion of the second side of the first rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a schematic of a top portion of the second side of the first rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a schematic of a first side of a first battery cell utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 15 is a schematic of a second side of the first battery cell of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic of a first side of a first securement ring-shaped member utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 17 is a schematic of a second side of the first securement ring-shaped member of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a schematic of a first side of a second rectangular ring-shaped frame member utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 19 is a schematic of a bottom portion of the first side of the second rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 18;
FIG. 20 is a schematic of a top portion of the first side of the second rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 18;
FIG. 21 is a schematic of a second side of the second rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 18;
FIG. 22 is a schematic of a bottom portion of the second side of the second rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is a schematic of a top portion of the second side of the second rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 21;
FIG. 24 is a schematic of a first side of a heat exchanger utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 25 is a schematic of a second side of the heat exchanger of FIG. 24;
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional schematic of the heat exchanger of FIG. 24;
FIG. 27 is a schematic of a first side of a second securement ring-shaped member utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 28 is a schematic of a second side of the second securement ring-shaped member of FIG. 27;
FIG. 29 is a schematic of a first side of a third rectangular ring-shaped frame member utilized in the battery cell assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 30 is a schematic of a bottom portion of the first side of the third rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 29;
FIG. 31 is a schematic of a top portion of the first side of the third rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 29;
FIG. 32 is a schematic of a second side of the third rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 29;
FIG. 33 is a schematic of a bottom portion of the second side of the third rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 32;
FIG. 34 is a schematic of a top portion of the second side of the third rectangular ring-shaped frame member of FIG. 21;
FIG. 35 is a schematic of another battery cell assembly utilized in the battery module of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 36 is a schematic of a cooling manifold utilized in the battery module of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a battery module 20 for providing electrical power is provided. The battery module 20 includes battery cell assemblies 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, heat exchangers 50, 52, 54, 56, side plates 60, 62, 64, 66, coupling plates 70, 72, an interconnect assembly 74, a cover 76, and cooling manifolds 78, 80. A battery cell assembly is defined as a housing having a battery cell therein. A battery module is defined as at least two battery cell assemblies coupled together.
The battery cell assemblies 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 are electrically coupled together utilizing the interconnect assembly 74. In particular, the interconnect assembly 74 electrically couples together electrical terminals from the battery cell assemblies in a desired configuration to provide an electrical current and voltage therefrom.
The heat exchangers 50, 52, 54, 56 receive a fluid from the cooling manifold 78 to cool the battery cell assemblies. The heated fluid from the heat exchangers 50, 52, 54, 56 is received by the cooling manifold 80.
The side plates 60, 62, 64, 66 are coupled to the battery cell assemblies to provide additional support for the battery cell assemblies. The coupling plates 70, 72 are provided to engage the side plates 64, 66 to provide additional support for the battery cell assemblies. The cover plate 76 is provided to cover the interconnect assembly 74.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, a battery cell assembly 32 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment that is utilized in the battery module 20 will be explained. The battery cell assembly 32 includes a rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90, a battery cell 92, a securement ring-shaped member 94, a battery cell 96, a rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98, a heat exchanger 100, a securement ring-shaped member 102, a battery cell 104, and a rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106. An advantage of the battery cell assembly 32 is that the assembly 32 is packaged such that a single heat exchanger 100 can cool the battery cells 92, 96, 104 to maintain the battery cells at a desired temperature. Further, the rectangular ring-shaped frame members 90, 98, 106 have alignment-coupling features for easily coupling the frame members 90, 98, 106 together while preventing incorrect alignment and placement of the frame members 90, 98, 106 relative to one another.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 8, 9, 10 and 11, the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 is configured to be coupled to the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 for holding the battery cell 92, the securement ring-shaped member 94, and the battery cell 96 therebetween. The rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 includes a side 110 and an opposite side 112. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the frame member 90 includes side walls 114, 116, a lower wall 118, and an upper wall 120. The side walls 114, 116 are disposed apart from one another and are substantially parallel to one another. The lower wall 118 extends between the side walls 114, 116. Further, the upper wall 120 extends between the side walls 114, 116. The side walls 114, 116, the lower wall 118, and the upper wall 120 define an open region 122 therebetween.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 8, 9 and 10, the features of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 on the side 110 will now be discussed. The lower wall 118 includes alignment-coupling features 130, 132 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 118. Further, the upper wall 120 includes alignment-coupling features 134, 136 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 120. The alignment-coupling features 130, 132, 134, 136 are configured to couple and align with specific alignment-coupling features on the battery cell assembly 30 shown in FIG. 2. Further, the side walls 114, 116, the lower wall 118, and the upper wall 120 define a ledge portion 139. Further, the side walls 114, 116, have horizontal grooves 137, 138 for receiving a portion of an inlet port and an outlet port, respectively, of the heat exchanger 50 thereon shown in FIG. 2.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 11, 12 and 13, the features of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 on the side 112 will now be discussed. The lower wall 118 includes alignment-coupling features 140, 142 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 118. Further, the upper wall 120 includes alignment-coupling features 144, 146 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 120. The alignment-coupling features 140, 142, 144, 146 are configured to couple and align with alignment-coupling features 232, 230, 236, 234, respectively, on the battery cell assembly 98 shown in FIG. 18. Further, the side walls 114, 116 and lower wall 118 and upper wall 120 define a ledge portion 150 for receiving a portion of the battery cell 92 thereon. Finally, referring to FIGS. 11 and 18, the side 112 of the frame member 98 includes a side coupling identifier “B” which indicates the side 112 is to be coupled to the side 200 of the frame member 98 having the side coupling identifier “B.”
Referring to FIGS. 3, 14 and 15, the battery cell 92 is provided to output an operational voltage between the electrical terminals 164, 166. The battery cell 92 includes a body portion 160 and a peripheral lip portion 162 extending around the body portion 160, and electrical terminals 164, 166 extending from the body portion 160. The battery cell 92 is generally rectangular-shaped and includes a side 156 and a side 158 opposite the side 156. In one exemplary embodiment, the battery cell 92 is a lithium battery cell. Of course, in alternative embodiments, the battery cell 92 can comprise other types of battery cells known to those skilled in the art. The size of the peripheral lip portion 162 is smaller than a size of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 such that the frame member 90 covers the peripheral lip portion 162 of the battery cell 92. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the battery cell 92 is disposed between the frame member 90 and a portion of the securement ring-shaped member 94 and the battery cell 96.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 16 and 17, the securement ring-shaped member 94 is provided to further secure the battery cells 92, 96 between the rectangular ring-shaped members 90, 98. The securement ring-shaped member 94 includes a side 180 and an opposite side 182. Further, the securement ring-shaped member 94 includes side walls 186, 188 disposed away from one another and substantially parallel to one another. Further, the securement ring-shaped member 94 includes an upper wall 190 and a lower wall 192 extending between the side walls 186, 188. The side walls 186, 188, the upper wall 190 and the lower wall 192 define an open region 193 therebetween. An outer peripheral size of the securement ring-shaped member 94 is smaller than an outer peripheral size of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 and smaller than an outer peripheral size of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the securement ring-shaped member 94 is disposed between the peripheral lip portions of the battery cells 92, 96 to further support the battery cells 92, 96.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 6, the battery cell 96 is disposed between the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 and both a portion of the battery cell 92 and the securement ring-shaped member 94. The structure of the battery cell 96 is substantially similar to the battery cell 92.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 18, 19, 20 and 21, the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 is configured to be coupled to the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 for holding the battery cell 92, the securement ring-shaped member 94, and the battery cell 96 therebetween. Further, the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 is provided to couple to the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 for holding the heat exchanger 100, the securement ring-shaped member 102, and the battery cell 104 therebetween. The rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 includes a side 200 and an opposite side 202. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the frame member 98 includes side walls 214, 216, a lower wall 218, and an upper wall 220. The side walls 214, 216 are disposed apart from one another and are substantially parallel to one another. The lower wall 218 extends between the side walls 214, 216. Further, the upper wall 220 extends between the side walls 214, 216. The side walls 214, 216, the lower wall 218, and the upper wall 220 define an open region 222 therebetween.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 18, 19 and 20, the features of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 on the side 200 will now be discussed. The lower wall 218 includes alignment-coupling features 230, 232 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 218. Further, the upper wall 220 includes alignment-coupling features 234, 236 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 220. The alignment-coupling features 230, 232, 234, 236 are configured to couple and align with alignment-coupling features 142, 140, 146, 144, respectively, on the side 112 of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 90 shown in FIG. 11. Further, the side walls 214, 216, the lower wall 218, and the upper wall 220 define a ledge portion 238. Finally, referring to FIGS. 18 and 11, the side 200 of the frame member 98 includes a side coupling identifier “B” which indicates the side 200 is to be coupled to the side 112 of the frame member 90 having the side coupling identifier “B.”
Referring to FIGS. 3, 21, 22 and 23, the features of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 on the side 202 will now be discussed. The lower wall 218 includes alignment-coupling features 240, 242 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 218. Further, the upper wall 220 includes alignment-coupling features 244, 246 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 220. The alignment-coupling features 240, 242, 244, 246 are configured to couple and align with alignment-coupling features 432, 430, 436, 434, respectively, on the battery cell assembly 106 shown in FIG. 29. Further, the side walls 214, 216, the lower wall 218, and the upper wall 220 define a ledge portion 250 for receiving a portion of the heat exchanger 100 thereon. Further, the side walls 114, 116, have horizontal grooves 247, 248, respectively, for receiving a portion of an outlet port and an inlet port, respectively, of the heat exchanger 100 thereon. Finally, referring to FIGS. 21 and 29, the side 202 of the frame member 98 includes a side coupling identifier “A” that indicates the side 202 is to be coupled to the side 400 of the frame member 106 having the side coupling identifier “A.”
Referring to FIGS. 3, 6, 7, 24 and 25, the heat exchanger 100 is configured to cool the battery cells 92, 96 and 104 to maintain the battery cells at a desired temperature. The heat exchanger 100 is disposed between (i) a portion of the battery cell 96 and the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98, and (ii) a portion of the battery cell 104 and the securement ring-shaped member 102. The heat exchanger 100 includes a side 256 and an opposite side 258. The heat exchanger 100 further includes a housing 260, an inlet port 262, and an outlet port 264. The housing 260 defines a flow path 266 that extends from the inlet port 262 to the outlet port 264. During operation, fluid from the cooling manifold 78 flows through the inlet port 262 into the heat exchanger 100. Thereafter, the fluid flows through the flow path 266 to the outlet port 264. While flowing through the flow path 266, the fluid extracts heat energy from the battery cells 92, 96, 104 to cool the battery cells. From the outlet port 264, the heated fluid flows to the cooling manifold 80.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 27 and 28, the securement ring-shaped member 102 is provided to further secure the heat exchanger 100 and the battery cell 104 between the rectangular ring-shaped members 90, 106. The securement ring-shaped member 102 includes a side 280 and an opposite side 282. Further, the securement ring-shaped member 102 includes side walls 286, 288 disposed away from one another and substantially parallel to one another. Further, the securement ring-shaped member 102 includes an upper wall 290 and a lower wall 292 extending between the side walls 286, 288. The side walls 286, 288, the upper wall 290 and the lower wall 292 define an open region 293 therebetween. The side walls 286, 288 on the side 280 include grooves 300, 302, respectively, for receiving the inlet port 262 and the outlet port 264, respectively of the heat exchanger 100 thereon. An outer peripheral size of the securement ring-shaped member 102 is smaller than an outer peripheral size of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 and smaller than an outer peripheral size of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the securement ring-shaped member 102 is disposed between the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 and a peripheral lip portion of the battery cell 104.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 6, the battery cell 104 is disposed between the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 and both a portion of the heat exchanger 100 and the securement ring-shaped member 102. The structure of the battery cell 104 is substantially similar to the battery cell 92.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 29, 30, 31 and 32, the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 is configured to be coupled to the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 for holding the heat exchanger 100, the securement ring-shaped member 102, and the battery cell 104 therebetween. Further, the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 is provided to couple to the battery cell assembly 34 shown in FIG. 35 as will be explained in greater detail below. The rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 includes a side 400 and an opposite side 402. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the frame member 106 includes side walls 414, 416, a lower wall 418, and an upper wall 420. The side walls 414, 416 are disposed apart from one another and are substantially parallel to one another. The lower wall 418 extends between the side walls 414, 416. Further, the upper wall 420 extends between the side walls 414, 416. The side walls 414, 416, the lower wall 418, and the upper wall 420 define an open region 422 therebetween. Further, the side walls 414, 416, the lower wall 418, and the upper wall 420 define a ledge portion 238.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 29, 30 and 31, the features of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 on the side 400 will now be discussed. The lower wall 418 includes alignment-coupling features 430, 432 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 418. Further, the upper wall 420 includes alignment-coupling features 434, 436 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 420. The alignment-coupling features 430, 432, 434, 436 are configured to couple and align with alignment-coupling features 242, 240, 246, 244, respectively, on the side 202 of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 98 shown in FIG. 21. Further, the side walls 414, 416, the lower wall 418, and the upper wall 420 define a ledge portion 439. Finally, referring to FIGS. 21 and 29, the side 400 of the frame member 106 includes a side coupling identifier “A” that indicates the side 400 is to be coupled to the side 202 of the frame member 98 having the side coupling identifier “A.”
Referring to FIGS. 3, 32, 33 and 34, the features of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 on the side 402 will now be discussed. The lower wall 418 includes alignment-coupling features 440, 442 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 418. Further, the upper wall 420 includes alignment-coupling features 444, 446 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 420. The alignment-coupling features 440, 442, 444, 446 are configured to couple and align with alignment-coupling features 532, 530, 536, 534, respectively, on the battery cell assembly 34 shown in FIG. 34. Finally, referring to FIGS. 32 and 35, the side 402 of the frame member 106 includes a side coupling identifier “C” which indicates the side 402 is to be coupled to a side of the frame member 450 having the side coupling identifier “C.”
Referring to FIG. 3, it should be noted that the alignment-coupling features on each of the rectangular ring-shaped frame members 90, 98, 106 have a different configuration from one another such that only a specific side of each of the rectangular ring-shaped members 90, 98, 106 can align and couple with another specific side of one of the other rectangular ring-shaped frame members 90, 98, 106.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 35, the battery cell assembly 34 is configured to be coupled to the battery cell assembly 32 in the battery module 20. The battery cell assembly 34 includes rectangular ring-shaped frame members 450, 452, 454. Further, the battery cell assembly 34 includes two battery cells, two securement frame members and an heat exchanger contained within the frame members 450, 452, 454. The rectangular ring-shaped frame member 450 includes side walls 514, 516, a lower wall 518, and an upper wall 520. The side walls 514, 516 are disposed apart from one another and are substantially parallel to one another. The lower wall 518 extends between the side walls 514, 516. Further, the upper wall 520 extends between the side walls 514, 516. The side walls 514, 516, the lower wall 518, and the upper wall 520 define an open region therebetween. The lower wall 518 includes alignment-coupling features 530, 532 disposed on opposite ends of the lower wall 518. Further, the upper wall 520 includes alignment-coupling features 534, 536 disposed on opposite ends of the upper wall 520. The alignment-coupling features 530, 532, 534, 536 are configured to couple and align with alignment-coupling features 442, 440, 446, 444, respectively, on the side 402 of the rectangular ring-shaped frame member 106 shown in FIG. 32.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 36, the cooling manifold 78 will be explained in further detail. In particular, the cooling manifold 78 is configured to route a fluid to inlet ports on the heat exchangers 50, 52, 54, 56 and to the heat exchangers in the battery cell assemblies 30, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44. The cooling manifold 78 includes a tubular member 600, an inlet port 602, and outlet ports 604, 606, 608, 610, 612, 614, 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 628, 630, 632. The inlet port 602 is provided to receive fluid from a fluid reservoir into the tubular member 600. The tubular member 600 routes the fluid through the outlet ports 604, 606, 608, 610, 612, 614, 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 628, 630, 632 to the respective inlet ports of the heat exchangers in the battery module 20. The cooling manifold 78 can be constructed from rubber or a rubber compound. Of course, in an alternative embodiment, the cooling manifold 78 can be constructed from other materials such as plastics, metals, or ceramics. The cooling manifold 80 has a substantially similar construction as the cooling manifold 78. The cooling manifold 80 is configured to receive heated fluid from outlet ports of the heat exchangers in the battery module 20 and to route the heated fluid to a fluid reservoir.
The battery module 20 has a battery cell assembly that provides a substantial advantage over other batteries. In particular, the battery cell assembly provides a technical effect of cooling battery cells disposed on two sides of a heat exchanger to maintain the battery cells at a desired temperature.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, the use of the terms, first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Further, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.
Patent Grant
8067111
