Patent Application
20240035514
The present invention relates to a bearing apparatus comprising a magnetic bearing and a touchdown bearing, more specifically, a bearing apparatus used in a fluorine gas environment. Further, the present invention relates to a laser apparatus comprising a bearing apparatus such as that explained above.
A bearing apparatus, which is used in an environment wherein a corrosive gas such as a fluorine gas or the like exists, has been known. For example, each of Patent Literatures 1, 2, and 3 discloses a technique to prevent, in an excimer laser apparatus including a fluorine gas in a chamber thereof, corrosion due to the fluorine gas by coating a surface of a touchdown bearing, which holds a cross-flow fan, by a thin film comprising nickel, chromium nitride, or the like.
PTL 1: Japanese Patent Application Public Disclosure No. 2000-183436
PTL 2: Japanese Patent Application Public Disclosure No. 2002-168252
PTL 3: Japanese Patent Publication No. 6307436
In the case that a touchdown bearing is used in a fluorine gas environment, it is necessary to regularly replace the touchdown bearing by the other, or improve corrosion resistance of the touchdown bearing. For improving corrosion resistance of the touchdown bearing, attempts such as constructing the touchdown bearing by using ceramic material, plating the touchdown bearing, and so on have been made. However, there are problems such that a ceramic bearing is expensive, a ceramic bearing is breakable, and a ceramic bearing having a large diameter cannot be manufactured. In the case of a plated touchdown bearing, manufacturing accuracy thereof is lowered due to plating, and a problem with respect to the lifetime thereof may occur if the plate comes off and the corrosion resistance is changed. Even in the construction wherein a surface of a touchdown bearing is coated by a thin film comprising nickel or chromium nitride like the construction disclosed in each of Patent Literatures 1, 2, and 3, there is a matter of concern, specifically, whether the durability of the film is sufficient, and, also, there is a problem that mechanical dimensional accuracy of respective parts of the bearing is deteriorated due to accumulated errors of film thicknesses.
The present invention has been achieved in view of the above matters; and an object of the invention is to provide a bearing apparatus which is superior in corrosion resistance against a fluorine gas, and superior in dimensional accuracy and durability. Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser apparatus comprising a bearing apparatus such as that explained above.
(Mode 1) According to Mode 1, a bearing apparatus which is used in an environment wherein a fluorine gas exists is provided, wherein the bearing apparatus comprises: a magnetic bearing comprising a magnetic member and an electromagnetic coil; and a touchdown bearing for protecting the magnetic bearing, wherein the touchdown bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, and plural rolling members (balls, rollers, runners, or the like) arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring in the touchdown bearing are constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy.
(Mode 2) Mode 2 comprises the bearing apparatus of Mode 1, wherein the plural rolling members are constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy, additionally.
(Mode 3) Mode 3 comprises the bearing apparatus of Mode 1, wherein the plural rolling members are constructed by using ceramic material, additionally.
(Mode 4) Mode 4 comprises the bearing apparatus of any one of Modes 1-3, wherein the content of Ni in the NiCrAl alloy is equal to or greater than 50 weight percent.
(Mode 5) Mode 5 comprises the bearing apparatus of any one of Modes 1-4, wherein the content of Cr in the NiCrAl alloy is equal to or greater than 30 weight percent.
(Mode 6) Mode 6 comprises the bearing apparatus of any one of Modes 1-5, wherein the content of Al in the NiCrAl alloy is equal to or greater than 3 weight percent.
(Mode 7) According to Mode 7, a laser apparatus is provided, wherein the laser apparatus comprises: a chamber in which a laser gas including a fluorine gas is enclosed, wherein the chamber comprises a fan for circulating the laser gas, a pair of discharge electrodes for making the laser gas discharge, and windows arranged to allow laser light to pass through them; and a bearing apparatus constructed to support the fan, wherein the bearing apparatus comprises a magnetic bearing comprising a magnetic member and an electromagnetic coil, and a touchdown bearing for protecting the magnetic bearing, wherein the touchdown bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, and plural rolling members arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring in the touchdown bearing are constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy.
(Mode 8) Mode 8 comprises the laser apparatus of Mode 7, wherein the plural rolling members are constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy, additionally.
(Mode 9) Mode 9 comprises the laser apparatus of Mode 7, wherein the plural rolling members are constructed by using ceramic material, additionally.
(Mode 10) Mode 10 comprises the laser apparatus of any one of Modes 7-9, wherein the content of Ni in the NiCrAl alloy is equal to or greater than 50 weight percent.
(Mode 11) Mode 11 comprises the laser apparatus of any one of Modes 7-10, wherein the content of Cr in the NiCrAl alloy is equal to or greater than 30 weight percent.
(Mode 12) Mode 12 comprises the laser apparatus of any one of Modes 7-11, wherein the content of Al in the NiCrAl alloy is equal to or greater than 3 weight percent.
(Mode 13) According to Mode 13, a laser apparatus is provided, wherein the laser apparatus comprises: a chamber in which a laser gas including a fluorine gas is enclosed, wherein the chamber comprises a fan for circulating the laser gas, a pair of discharge electrodes for making the laser gas discharge, and windows arranged to allow laser light to pass through them; and a bearing apparatus constructed to support the fan, wherein the bearing apparatus comprises a magnetic bearing comprising a magnetic member and an electromagnetic coil, and a touchdown bearing for protecting the magnetic bearing, wherein the touchdown bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, and plural rolling members arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring in the touchdown bearing are constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy, and the inner ring and the outer ring are plated by Ni or coated by ceramic material.
(Mode 14) Mode 14 comprises the laser apparatus of Mode 13, wherein surfaces other than rolling contact surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring are plated by Ni or coated by ceramic material.
(Mode 15) Mode 15 comprises the laser apparatus of Mode 14, wherein surfaces which are perpendicular to the axis direction of the touchdown bearing and positioned on the side close to the chamber, among the surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring, only are plated by Ni or coated by ceramic material.
(Mode 16) According to Mode 16, a laser apparatus is provided, wherein the laser apparatus comprises: a chamber in which a laser gas including a fluorine gas is enclosed, wherein the chamber comprises a fan for circulating the laser gas, a pair of discharge electrodes for making the laser gas discharge, and windows arranged to allow laser light to pass through them; and a bearing apparatus constructed to support the fan, wherein the bearing apparatus comprises a magnetic bearing comprising a magnetic member and an electromagnetic coil, and a touchdown bearing for protecting the magnetic bearing, wherein the touchdown bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, and plural rolling members arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring in the touchdown bearing are constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy, and surfaces which are perpendicular to the axis direction of the touchdown bearing and positioned on the side close to the chamber, among the surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring, are plated by Ni or coated by ceramic material.
In the following description, embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the figures. In the figures which will be explained below, a reference symbol that is the same as that assigned to one component is assigned to the other component which is the same as or corresponds to the one component, and overlapping explanation of these components will be omitted.
As shown in
A mixed gas comprising a rare gas such as an Ar (argon) gas or the like and a halogen gas such as a F2 (fluorine) gas is enclosed in the chamber 20. The cross-flow fan 30 is arranged in the chamber 20, and used for circulating the mixed gas in the chamber 20. The motor 50 rotates the rotating shaft 40, and the cross-flow fan 30 attached to the rotating shaft 40 rotates thereby. The rotating shaft 40 and the cross-flow fan 30 attached to the rotating shaft 40 are supported, on the both sides of the rotating shaft 40, by the bearing apparatuses 100.
During operation of the excimer laser apparatus 10, the mixed gas is circulated in the chamber 20 by the cross-flow fan 30, and the discharge electrode is activated to perform pulse discharging while the mixed gas is being circulated. As a result of pulse discharging, the states of rare gas atoms and halogen atoms are excited to become the states of excimer molecules so that radiation light is generated thereby, and, accordingly, laser oscillation occurs in the resonator and laser light is generated.
The motor 50 and the bearing apparatuses 100 are arranged in a housing 60 formed outside the chamber 20. Further, both ends of the rotating shaft 40 of the cross-flow fan 30 extend to the outside of the chamber 202, thus, to the inside of the housing 60. The inner space of the chamber 60 may not be isolated from the inner space of the chamber 20, and, in such a case, a mixed gas (a corrosive gas) that is the same as that existing in the chamber 20 exists in the housing 60. In this regard, it is possible to adopt a construction for isolating the inner space of the chamber 60 from the inner space of the chamber 20 by using an appropriate construction or member; however, in such a case, there may be a risk that the mixed gas leaks from the chamber 20 to the housing 60 due to incomplete isolation. Accordingly, the bearing apparatuses 100 are to be arranged in an environment wherein a corrosive gas exists.
The motor 50 comprises a rotor 52 and a stator 54. The rotor 52 is attached, in an annularly arranging manner, on an outer circumferential surface of a part, which extends into the housing 60, of the rotating shaft 40. The stator 54 is arranged on an inner wall of the housing 60 in such a manner that the stator 54 faces the rotor 52. The motor 50 is constructed to generate a rotating magnetic field by making current flow through a coil of the stator 54, and rotate thereby the rotating shaft 40 to which the rotor 52 has been attached.
The bearing apparatus 100 comprises a magnetic bearing 110 and a touchdown bearing 120. The magnetic bearing 110 supports the rotating shaft 40 of the cross-flow fan in a noncontact manner by magnetic force. The touchdown bearing 120 is an auxiliary bearing for protecting the magnetic bearing 110, when the magnetic bearing 110 does not function normally (for example, in the case when supplying of electric power to the magnetic bearing 110 is stopped), by preventing the rotating shaft 40 from colliding with the magnetic bearing 110 and breaking the magnetic bearing 110 thereby. The number of revolution of the cross-flow fan 30 is approximately several thousands rpm (for example, 4000-5000 rpm), and the performance of the magnetic bearing 110 is dependent on clearance thereof. It is preferable that the clearance be set as narrow as possible; and if the clearance of the magnetic bearing 110 is set to be narrow, the clearance of the touchdown bearing 120 becomes narrow further. For example, there is a case wherein the clearance of the touchdown bearing 120 is set to that equal to or less than 0.1 mm. The number of occurrence of touchdown (contacting of the rotating shaft 40 with the touchdown bearing 120) is not so much, since touchdown occurs when an emergency such as sudden power shutdown or the like has occurred; however, since it is necessary to stop the cross-flow fan safely when an emergency has occurred, the technique relating thereto is an important technique for ensuring safety.
The magnetic bearing 110 comprises a magnetic member 112 on a rotor side and an electromagnetic coil 114 on a housing side. The rotor-side magnetic member 112 is attached, in an annularly arranging manner, on an outer circumferential surface of a part, which extends into the housing 60, of the rotating shaft 40. The housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 is arranged on an inner wall of the housing 60 in such a manner that the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 faces the rotor-side magnetic member 112. The magnetic bearing 110 is constructed to receive, in a noncontact manner, the rotating shaft 40 of the cross-flow fan 30, by making current flow through the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 and generating thereby magnetic attraction force between the rotor-side magnetic member 112 and the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114. The magnetic bearing 110 may further comprise a sensor (for example, a magnetic sensor) which is not shown in the figure for detecting the size of the gap between the rotor-side magnetic member 112 and the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114, and may be constructed to adjust, based on a signal from the sensor, current supplied to the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 to thereby keep the size of the gap between the rotor-side magnetic member 112 and the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 constant.
The touchdown bearing 120 comprises an inner ring 122, an outer ring 124, and plural rolling members (balls or rollers) 126. The outer ring 124 is fixed to the inner wall of the housing 60, and the plural rolling members 126 are arranged in a gap formed between the outer ring 124 and the inner ring 122 in such a manner that the plural rolling members 126 are held between the above rings. Each of the rolling members 126 is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 122 and the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 124, and the inner ring 122 is movable relative to the outer ring 124. A gap has been set between the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 122 (that is, the surface facing the rotating shaft 40) and the rotating shaft 40, wherein the gap is smaller than that between the rotor-side magnetic member 112 and the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 in the magnetic bearing 110. Thus, in the case that the magnetic bearing 110 does not function normally (due to shortage of magnetic repulsion force of the magnetic bearing 110 or the like), contacting between the rotor-side magnetic member 112 and the housing-side electromagnetic coil 114 in the magnetic bearing 110 can be avoided by making the inner ring 122 of the touchdown bearing 120 come in contact with the rotating shaft 40. As explained above, during the time when the magnetic bearing 110 works abnormally, the touchdown bearing 120 comes in contact with the rotating shaft 40 of the cross-flow fan 30 and supports it in place of the magnetic bearing 110. Thus, damaging to the magnetic bearing 110 can be prevented.
Since the mixed gas in the chamber 20 exists in the inner space of the housing 60 as explained above, the touchdown bearing 120 is always exposed to a halogen gas such as a F2 (fluorine) gas, and the gas corrodes the touchdown bearing 120 if it is that constructed by using material having no corrosion resistance.
For preventing corrosion of the touchdown bearing 120 due to the halogen gas, it is preferable that the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 124 in the touchdown bearing 120 be constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy. Similarly, the plural rolling members 126 in the touchdown bearing 120 may be constructed by using a NiCrAl alloy, or they may be ceramic rolling members. The NiCrAl alloy is an alloy comprising, as components thereof, Ni (nickel), Cr (chromium), and Al (aluminum). For example, the inner ring 122, the outer ring 124, and the rolling members 126 in the touchdown bearing 120 may comprise a NiCrAl alloy in which the content of Ni is equal to or greater than 50 weight percent. Further, the content of Cr in the above NiCrAl alloy may be equal to or grater than 30 weight percent, and, further, the content of Al may be equal to or grater than 3 weight percent.
In this regard, the expression “comprise a NiCrAl alloy” herein means that the whole of the inner ring 122, the whole of the outer ring 124, and the whole of the rolling members 126 in the touchdown bearing 120 (i.e., not only the surfaces thereof but also the interior parts thereof) are constructed by using the NiCrAl alloy. Thus, regarding the inner ring 122, the outer ring 124, and the rolling members 126, such as those explained above, in the touchdown bearing 120, their durability is high since the surfaces of them are not coated by thin films, and they can be manufactured with high manufacturing accuracy. However, regarding the inner ring 122, the outer ring 124, or the rolling members 126 in the touchdown bearing 120, the surface(s) thereof only may be coated by a thin film(s) comprising a NiCrAl alloy (by applying a thin-film forming technique such as plating, vapor deposition, or the like, for example) and the interior part(s) thereof may be constructed by using material comprising different metal, ceramic material, or the like.
The inventors of the present invention have confirmed by performing experiments that a NiCrAl alloy having composition such as that explained above has extremely high corrosion resistance against a F2 (fluorine) gas, especially.
For examining the corrosion resistance of a NiCrAl alloy against a F2 (fluorine) gas, four samples, each comprising the NiCrAl alloy having the above composition and having the form of a block having the size of 20×20×15 mm, were prepared; two of the samples are soaked in a one-percent HF (hydrofluoric acid) solution, that is maintained at the temperature of 45 degrees Celsius, for one hour, and the remaining two of the samples are soaked in a one-percent HF solution, that is maintained at the temperature of 75 degrees Celsius, for one hour; and change in the weight of each of the samples was measured. Result of the examinations is shown in
In the case that the temperature of the HF solution during soaking was 45 degrees Celsius, thinning due to corrosion was not observed in any of the samples. On the other hand, in the case that the temperature of the HF solution during soaking was 75 degrees Celsius, minor thinning due to corrosion could be observed in each of the samples; however, the ratio of the quantity reduced as a result of thinning to the weight of the sample before soaking thereof into the HF solution was merely 0.0048 percent. Further, with respect to the external appearance of each of the samples after soaking, although the sample soaked into the 75-degrees-Celsius HF solution has lost its gloss slightly, no major change in the external appearance of the sample could be observed.
As explained above, it has been discovered that the NiCrAl alloy used in the experiments has high corrosion resistance against the HF solution, and, accordingly, it is expected that the NiCrAl alloy has high corrosion resistance against a F2 (fluorine) gas.
Accordingly, the touchdown bearing 120 comprising the NiCrAl alloy according to the present disclosure is not corroded even in an environment where a F2 (fluorine) gas exists, and, accordingly, can continuously work normally. Further, since the inner ring 122, the outer ring 124, and the rolling members 126, which comprise the NiCrAl alloy according to the present disclosure, in the touchdown bearing 120 can be manufactured by performing a machining process (i.e., without performing a coating process for forming a thin film comprising a NiCrAl alloy), the touchdown bearing 120 having high dimensional accuracy can be realized.
During operation of the excimer laser apparatus 11, a mixed gas, which comprises a rare gas such as an Ar (argon) gas or the like and a halogen gas such as a F2 (fluorine) gas, is circulated in the chamber 20 by the cross-flow fan 30, and the discharge electrodes 22 are activated to perform pulse discharging while the mixed gas is being circulated. As a result of pulse discharging, the states of rare gas atoms and halogen atoms are excited to become the states of excimer molecules, so that radiation light is generated thereby. The radiation light reciprocally moves within the laser resonator (i.e., between the pair of resonance mirrors 70) via the windows 23 and 24, and laser oscillation occurs accordingly, so that laser light is generated.
Similar to the case of the excimer laser apparatus 10 shown in
In this regard, in the case that the outer circumferential surface and the inner circumferential surface of the touchdown bearing 120 (i.e., the surfaces perpendicular to the radial direction of the touchdown bearing 120) are plated or ceramic coated, the gap in the radial direction of the touchdown bearing 120 may be reduced according to variation in the film thickness, and the scope of control of the magnetic bearing 110 may be narrowed thereby. Further, there may be a case wherein part of a plated film on the outer circumferential surface or the inner circumferential surface is damaged and peeled off thereby, and, in such a case, failure of the touchdown bearing 120 may occur if the peeled-off plated film is caught in the gap. On the other hand, it is required that a surface(s) on the side close to the chamber 20 (or the cross-flow fan 30), among the surfaces perpendicular to the axis direction of the touchdown bearing 120, be superior in corrosion resistance than other surfaces since the risk of corrosion therein due to a halogen gas is high.
Thus, as shown in
In this regard, in place of the above-explained construction wherein the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 124 in the touchdown bearing 120 are plated or ceramic coated, it may be possible to adopt a construction wherein the surfaces of the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 124 in the touchdown bearing 120 are covered by plated or ceramic coated metal plates comprising Al (aluminum) or the like. The parts which are to be covered by metal plates may be the same as the above-explained parts to which plating or ceramic coating is applied.
The touchdown bearing 120 according to the present embodiment has extremely high corrosion resistance against a halogen gas (especially, a fluorine gas). Further, by plating or ceramic coating the surfaces of the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 124 which comprise the NiCrAl alloy, scattering, in the chamber 20, of Cr (chromium) included in the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 124 can be prevented and polluting of the windows 23 and 24 due to the scattering can be suppressed, and, accordingly, shortening of the life of the chamber 20 can be suppressed.
Further, by limiting the parts, to which plating or ceramic coating is applied, to those other than the rolling contact surfaces of the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 124, the above effect can be obtained without a hindrance to the driving ability of the touchdown bearing 120. Further, by limiting the parts, to which plating or ceramic coating is applied, to the surfaces on the side close to the chamber 20 (or the cross-flow fan 30) among the surfaces perpendicular to the axis direction of the touchdown bearing 120, the above effect can be obtained without narrowing the scope of control of the magnetic bearing 110. Further, similar effect can be obtained in the case that the construction using the plated or ceramic coated metal plates is adopted.
In the above description, embodiments of the present invention have been explained based on some examples; and, in this regard, the above explained embodiments of the present invention are those used for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not those used for limiting the present invention. It is obvious that the present invention can be changed or modified without departing from the scope of the gist thereof, and that the present invention includes equivalents thereof. Further, it is possible to arbitrarily combine components or omit a component(s) disclosed in the claims and the specification, within the scope that at least part of the above-stated problems can be solved or within the scope that at least part of advantageous effect can be obtained.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-120476 | Jul 2022 | JP | national |
