Patent Application
20120240932
The present disclosure generally relates to a breathing apparatus, and more particularly relates to a breathing apparatus that may be used in connection with reducing snoring.
Snoring is an affliction that affects many people. Snoring may be an ongoing, regular problem, or may occur intermittently or occasionally. Snoring may result in various problems, both to the person snoring as well as those around the person snoring, such as sleeping partners or cohabitants. For example, snoring has been linked to sleep deprivation, in which the sleeping patterns of the person snoring may be disrupted. Such sleep deprivation may result in daytime drowsiness, lack of focus, as well as other problems. Snoring can also be disruptive to those around the person snoring, similarly resulting sleep deprivation or disturbance of such people.
According to a first implementation, an apparatus may include a blower configured to provide a supply of breathing gas, and a delivery tube configured to deliver the supply of breathing gas to a user breathing interface. The delivery tube may have an inside diameter of about 15 mm or less. A control system may be configured to provide a control signal to the blower for controlling a pressure of the supply of breathing gas to between about 1 cm H2O to about 6 cm H2O at the user breathing interface. The control signal ma be based upon, at least in part, one of a pressure and a flow rate of the supply of breathing gas at the user breathing interface.
One or more of the following features may be included. The blower may include a motor and an impeller. A speed of the motor may be controlled based upon, at least in part, the control signal. The blower may be configured to supply the breathing gas having a peak pressure of about 25 mbar at a flow rate of about 100 l/min at an outlet of the blower. The blower may be configured to supply the breathing gas having a pressure of about 30 mbar and a flow rate of about 0 l/min at an outlet of the blower. The blower may be configured to provide a flow rate acceleration of about 150 l/min/s over a flow rate range of about 0 l/min to about 100 l/min. The blower may be configured to provide the flow rate acceleration of about 150 l/min/s over a pressure range of from about 0 mbar to about 25 mbar.
The delivery tube may include a cross-sectional area adjacent the user breathing interface that is smaller than a cross-sectional area adjacent the blower. At least a portion of the delivery tube may include a corrugated configuration. At least a portion of the delivery tube may include an exterior profile having an at least partially flat surface.
The apparatus may further include a pressure sensor coupled with the user breathing interface. The pressure sensor may provide an output signal indicative of the pressure of the supply of breathing gas at the user breathing interface. The control signal of the control system may be based upon, at least in part, the output signal. The pressure sensor may be coupled with the user breathing interface via a measurement lumen fluidly coupled with the pressure sensor and the user breathing interface. The delivery tube may include a multi-lumen tube including the measurement lumen and a breathing gas delivery lumen. A wall between the measurement lumen and the breathing gas delivery lumen may be configured to de-couple pressure effects of the breathing gas in the breathing gas delivery lumen from the measurement lumen. The wall may include a region of increased thickness. The wall may include a region of increased hardness. The delivery tube may include an integrated multi-lumen connector. The multi-lumen connector may be configured to provide a rotationally symmetrical connection.
According to another implementation, an apparatus may include a blower assembly configured to provide a supply of breathing gas. A delivery tube may include a delivery lumen configured to delivery the supply of breathing gas to a user breathing interface, and a measurement lumen fluidly coupled to the user breathing interface. The delivery lumen may have an inside diameter of about 15 mm or less. A sensor may be fluidly coupled to the measurement lumen. The sensor may be configured to measure at least one of a pressure of breathing gas at the user breathing interface and a flow rate of breathing gas at the user breathing interface. A controller may be coupled to the blower for controlling an output characteristic of the breathing gas, based upon, at least in part, a measurement signal received from the sensor for controlling a pressure at the user breathing interface to between about 1 cm H2O to about 6 cm H2O.
One or more of the following features may be included. A cross-sectional area of the delivery tube adjacent the blower assembly may be greater than a cross-sectional area of the delivery tube adjacent the user breathing interface. The measurement lumen of the delivery tube may be configured to decouple the measurement lumen from pressure effects of the delivery lumen.
The blower assembly may have an acceleration of about 150 l/min/s over a flow rate from about 0 l/min to about 100 l/min.
The apparatus may further include a multi-lumen connector configured to couple the delivery lumen with the blower assembly and the measurement lumen with the sensor. The multi-lumen connector may provide a rotationally symmetrical connection.
According to another implementation, an apparatus may include a housing assembly including a blower configured to provide a supply of breathing gas. A user breathing interface may be configured to fluidly couple with an airway of a user. A supply tube may be configured to fluidly couple the blower with the user breathing interface. The supply tube may have an inside diameter of between about 15 mm to about 5 mm. A control system may control the blower to provide a breathing gas pressure of between about 1 cm H2O to about 6 cm H2O at the user breathing interface.
One or more of the following features may be included. The control system may include as pressure sensor fluidly coupled with the user breathing interface. The supply tube may include a delivery lumen configured to fluidly couple the blower with the user breathing interface, and a measurement lumen configured to fluidly couple the sensor with the user breathing interface. The blower may include a motor and an impeller. A speed of the motor may be controlled based upon, at least in part, a control signal from the control system.
The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
Referring to
Consistent with the foregoing, an embodiment of a breathing apparatus of the present disclosure may provide positive upper airway pressure that be utilized to control and/or mitigate the occurrence of snoring in some users. The breathing apparatus may provide a generally constant positive upper airway pressure (e.g., as measured by pressure at the user breathing interface) in the range of between about 6 cm H2O and 1 cm H2O throughout a breathing cycle of the user. Various additional/alternative pressure ranges may also be utilized. For example, the breathing apparatus may provide a generally constant positive upper airway pressure that may be in the range from about 2 cm H2O to about 6 cm H2O, and/or in the range from about 2 cm H2O to about 4 cm H2O. Suitable positive upper airway pressures utilized in connection with a breathing apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may include any pressures within the above-discussed ranges.
Additionally, as discussed above, an embodiment of a breathing apparatus may include a delivery tube coupling an output of the blower with the user breathing interface having an inside diameter of about 15 mm or less. In some embodiments, the delivery tube may have an inside diameter of between about 5 mm and about 15 mm. Consistent with the present disclosure the delivery tube may have any cross-sectional geometry including, but not limited to, circular, oval, D-shaped, and polygonal. Reference herein to an inside diameter of the delivery tube may be applied to cross-sectional geometries other than circular by analogous cross-sectional area as compared to a circular cross-section delivery tube. For example, an oval delivery tube having a cross-sectional area equivalent to the cross-sectional area of a circular delivery tube having an inside diameter of 15 mm may be considered a delivery tube having an inside diameter of 15 mm. Consistent with an embodiment, a delivery tube having an inside diameter of about 15 mm or less may provide an improved user comfort and convenience of user as compared to larger diameter delivery tubes conventionally utilized in connection with breathing devices utilized for treating obstructive sleep apnea. For example, delivery tubes consistent with the present disclosure may allow less restricted movement of the user, e.g., through greater flexibility and reduced bulk.
Various user breathing interfaces may be used in connection with a breathing apparatus of the present disclosure. For example, the user breathing interface may include a full-face mask, which may sealing engage both the mouth and the nose of the user. Other user breathing interfaces may be configured to only sealingly engage the nasal passages of the user, e.g., via nasal pillows and/or prongs that may sealingly engage the nares of the user. Examples of user breathing interfaces that may suitably be utilized in connection with the breathing apparatus of the present disclosure are may include user breathing interfaces shown and described in one or more of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/762,633, entitled Breathing Apparatus, filed on 19 Apr. 2010; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/406,315, entitled Nasal Interface, filed on 25 Oct. 2010; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/410,134, entitled Breathing Apparatus, filed on 4 Nov. 2010; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/423,195, entitled Tubing and Fixation of a Nasal Interface to Deliver Breathing Gases, filed on 15 Dec. 2010; and U.S. patent application 61/501,444, entitled Nasal Interface, filed on 27 Jun. 2011, the entire disclosures of all of which applications are incorporated herein by reference.
In some embodiments, blower 12 may include electric motor 20 coupled for driving impeller 22 (e.g., a centrifugal impeller). Blower 12 may provide a supply of breathing gas, e.g., for the generation of positive airway pressure at the user breathing interface. The supply of breathing gas may include air pressurized by impeller 22, e.g., to be delivered to user breathing interface 18 via delivery tube 14. In other embodiments, blower 12 may include various other systems for providing a supply of breathing gas, for example, a positive displacement air pump, a diaphragm pump, or the like. Further, in addition to air, the supply of breathing gas may be augmented and/or supplemented with other breathing gasses, such as oxygen. Such other breathing gasses may be provided from a suitable source, such as a container of pressurized gas.
As mentioned above, control system 16 may provide a control signal (e.g., control signal 24) to blower 12 for controlling a pressure of the supply of breathing gas at user breathing interface 18 to between about 1 cm H2O to about 6 cm H2O. According to an embodiment, control signal 24 may control a speed of motor 20 to thereby control a pressure and/or flow rate of the supply of breathing gas provided by blower 12. In other embodiments, control signal 24 may control the supply of breathing gas generated by blower 12 through other suitable mechanisms, such as varying a blower output nozzle characteristic, a flow restriction associated with blower 12, an exhaust or bypass valve, or the like.
The pressure and/or flow rate of the supply of breathing gas provided by blower 12 may vary over time, for example with a breathing cycle of the user, to maintain a generally constant pressure at user breathing interface 18 over the course of the breathing cycle of the user. For example, in an embodiment control system 16 may control a pressure of the supply of breathing gas at user breathing interface 18 to be generally constant throughout the breathing cycle of the user. As such, during inhalation of the user an output pressure and/or flow rate of the supply of breathing gas provided by blower 12 may be increased to provide a desired pressure of the supply of breathing gas at user breathing interface 18. Correspondingly, during exhalation of the user an output pressure and/or flow rate of the supply of breathing gas provided by blower 12 may be decreased to provide the desired pressure of the supply of breathing gas at user breathing interface 18.
Consistent with an embodiment, blower 12 may be configured to supply the breathing gas having a peak output pressure of about 25 mbar at a flow rate of about 100 l/min at an output of the blower, e.g., which may be experienced during an inhalation breathing cycle. In such an embodiment, a peak pressure of about 25 mbar at a flow rate of about 100 l/min may accommodate an inhalation segment of the breathing cycle of the user. Of course, the peak pressure and flow rate provided by blower 12 may vary depending upon the requirements of the user. For example, a relatively large adult user have a relatively larger lung capacity may require a greater blower output pressure and/or output flow rate than may be required by a user having a relatively smaller lung capacity, such as a child or adolescent. As will be discussed in greater detail below, an output pressure and/or flow rate of blower 12 may be greater than a desired pressure and/or flow rate at user breathing interface 18 due to a pressure drop associated with delivery tube 14.
Blower 12 may also be configured to provide a relatively high pressure at a relatively low flow rate, for example, during an exhalation breathing cycle of the user. For example, blower 12 may be configured to supply the breathing gas having a pressure of about 30 mbar at a flow rate of about 0 l/min at the outlet of blower 12. Consistent with such an example, the relatively high pressure and relatively low flow rate at the outlet of blower 12 may aid in controlling the occurrence of carbon dioxide, present accumulating in delivery tube 14. For example, user breathing interface 18, and/or a portion of deliver tube 14 adjacent user breathing interface 18 may include an exhaust valve or port configured to allow the escape of exhaled breath from user breathing interface 18 and/or a portion of delivery tube adjacent user breathing interface 18. The relatively high pressure and low flow rat may provide a residual pressure within delivery tube 14 to reduce and/or minimize the flow of exhaled breath into delivery tube 14, and thereby allow the exhaled breath to be preferentially exhausted out of the exhaust valve or port.
In some situations, the change over of the breathing cycle of the user from exhalation to inhalation may be relatively rapid, e.g., from a relatively low output demand on breathing apparatus 10 during an exhalation segment of the breathing cycle to a relatively high output demand on breathing apparatus 10 as the user begins an inhalation segment of the breathing cycle. According to an embodiment, blower 12 may have a relatively rapid acceleration to accommodate the change of breathing cycle segments (e.g., between inhalation and exhalation) without providing a user sensation of either overpressure (e.g., a sensation or resistance to exhaling) or a user sensation of under-pressure (e.g., a sensation of inadequate air during inhalation). For example, blower 12 may be configured to provide a flow rate acceleration of about 150 l/min/s over a flow rate range of about 0 l/min to about 100 l/min at an outlet of the blower. Further, blower 12 may be configured to provide a flow rate acceleration of about 150 l/min/s over a pressure range of about 0 mbar to about 25 mbar at an outlet of the blower. The foregoing flow rate acceleration, flow rate range, and pressure range is provided herein consistent with one embodiment. However, other flow rate accelerations, flow rate ranges, and pressure ranges may vary depending upon design criteria and user need.
According to one embodiment, control system 16 may include controller 26, which may provide control signal 24 to blower 12. Controller 26 may provide control signal 24 based upon, at least in part one or more sensory inputs (e.g., provided by sensor 28). In such an embodiment, controller 26 may include a suitable feedback controller. Examples of such feedback controllers may include a proportional-integration controller (PI controller), proportional-integration-derivative controller (PID controller), and/or other suitable controllers.
Sensor 28 (e.g., which may provide one or more sensory inputs to controller 26) may include one or more sensors configured to provide a sensor output based upon one or more characteristics of the supply of breathing gas (e.g., pressure and/or flow rate, etc.) at user breathing interface 18 and/or at the output of blower 12. Additionally/alternatively, sensor 28 may include one or more sensors configured to provide a sensor output based upon one or more user characteristics, such as an indicator of snoring, a user oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide level (e.g., within user breathing interface 18 and/or a portion of delivery tube 14 adjacent user breathing interface 18), an electrophysiological characteristic of the user, and the like. Control signal 24 to blower 12 may be based upon, at least in part, one or more of the sensor outputs. Additionally/alternatively, one or more sensor outputs may be received by a processors (e.g., processor 30) and/or stored by a computer readable medium (e.g., computer readable medium 32), examples of which may include, but are not limited to, a flash memory, a hard disk drive, a solid state disk drive, and a random access memory (e.g., RAM). Such stored sensor outputs may be utilized, for example, for providing diagnosis of user conditions, and/or monitoring of user conditions.
In one embodiment, sensor 28 may include a pressure sensor that may be coupled with user breathing interface 18 for providing a sensor output indicative of a pressure of the supply of breathing gas at, and/or within, user breathing interface 18 (e.g., which may be the same as and/or correlated to a pressure within an upper airway of the user). Accordingly, controller 26 of control system 16 may provide control signal 24 to blower 12 based upon, at least in part, the output signal of sensor 28. In an embodiment in which controller 26 may include a feedback controller, control system 16 may provide control signal 24 for controlling blower 12 to maintain a generally constant pressure of the breathing gas at user breathing interface 18 (and, therefore a generally constant pressure in the upper airways of the user) throughout the breathing cycle based upon, at least in part, changes in pressure at user breathing interface 18 detected by sensor 28.
In one embodiment, sensor 28 (e.g., which may include a pressure sensor) may be coupled with user breathing interface 18 via a measurement lumen fluidly coupled with pressure sensor 28 and user breathing interface 18. In one embodiment, delivery tube 14 may include a multi-lumen tube, in which one lumen may include breathing gas delivery lumen 34, and another lumen may include measurement lumen 36. Measurement lumen 36 may, in some embodiments, have an inside diameter of about 2 mm, although other diameter may also be suitable utilized for coupling sensor 28 with user breathing interface 18. In such an embodiment, breathing gas delivery lumen 34 may fluidly coupled blower 12 (e.g., an outlet of blower 12) with user breathing interface 18 for providing the source of breathing gas to user breathing interface 18 for user respiration. Measurement lumen 36 may fluidly couple user breathing interface 18 with sensor 28. Accordingly, sensor 28 may measure a pressure within measurement lumen 36, e.g., which pressure may be indicative of a pressure within user breathing interface 18 and/or may be correlated with a pressure within user breathing interface 18. In addition/as an alternative to a multi-lumen delivery tube, the measurement lumen may include a lumen separate from delivery tube 14, e.g., in a form of a measurement tube. In such an embodiment, the measurement tube may be separate from and/or coupled to delivery tube 14. In a further embodiment, sensor 28 may be disposed at least partially within, and/or adjacent to, user breathing interface 18 and may be electrically coupled with controller 26, e.g., via one or more electrical connections that may be integrated within and/or associated with delivery tube 14.
Referring also to
According to one embodiment wall 38 between breathing gas supply lumen 34 and measurement lumen 36 may be configured to decouple pressure effects breathing gas within breathing gas delivery lumen 34 from measurement lumen 36 by including a region of increased thickness. For example, the region of increased thickness may include a region of wall 38 separating measurement lumen 36 from breathing gas delivery lumen 34. In some embodiments, the region of wall 38 separating measurement lumen 36 from breathing gas delivery lumen 34 may have a thickness greater than a thickness of wall 40 separating measurement lumen 36 from an exterior of delivery tube 14. Further, in some embodiments the thickness of wall 38 may vary about the length of delivery tube 14. For example, a thickness of wall 38 adjacent blower 12 may be greater than a thickness of wall 38 adjacent user breathing interface 18. In still further embodiments, the thickness of wall 38 may be generally constant about the length of delivery tube 14 and/or may be generally the same as the thickness of wall 40. In such an embodiment, the thickness of wall 38 may be configured to reduce and/or minimize pressure effects of breathing gas within breathing gas delivery lumen 34 from measurement lumen.
In addition/as an alternative to wall 38 having a thickness configured to decouple pressure effects of breathing gas within breathing gas delivery lumen 34 from measurement lumen 36, wall 38 may include a material having a hardness configured to decouple pressure effects of breathing gas within breathing gas delivery lumen 34 from measurement lumen 36. For example, the material of wall 38 may have a hardness that may resist and/or reduce deflect and/or deformation of wall 38 under the pressure of breathing gas within breathing gas delivery lumen 34.
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Various additional/alternative multi-lumen connector configurations may similarly be implemented, which may provide a rotationally symmetrical connection, may also be implemented. Further, while the foregoing illustrative embodiments of multi-lumen connectors have been generally discussed in the context of a connector that may be utilized between the delivery tube an the blower and/or sensor, in some embodiments a similar multi-lumen connector may be utilized between the delivery tube an the user breathing interface.
In some embodiments, delivery tube 14 may be generally tapered in diameter about the length of delivery tube 14, and/or may include a tapered region resulting in a decrease in diameter of delivery tube 14. Accordingly, in some embodiments, delivery tube 14 may include a cross-sectional area adjacent user breathing interface 18 that may be smaller than a cross-sectional area of delivery tube 14 adjacent blower 12. A reduced cross-sectional area adjacent user breathing interface 18 may, in some embodiments, improve user comfort, e.g., reducing the bulk, of delivery tube 14 adjacent the user and/or be decreasing restrictions on user movement.
Referring also to
In various embodiments, the corrugated configuration of delivery tube 14 may improve the flexibility of delivery tube 14, e.g., by providing increased flexibility of delivery tube 14 in the corrugated regions. Additionally/alternatively the corrugated configuration of delivery tube 14 may improve the crush and/or kink resistance of delivery tube 14, at least in the corrugated region(s) thereof. The corrugated configuration of delivery tube 14 may include various configurations, such as generally helical corrugations, linearly spaced corrugations, and the like, depending upon design criteria and preference. For example, in an embodiment, the delivery tube may include a helical corrugation member that may be generally coupled with a multi-lumen inner-delivery tube. In such an embodiment, the multi-lumen inner-delivery tube may include the breathing gas delivery lumen and the measurement lumen. The multi-lumen inner-delivery tube may be formed having relatively thin walls, and the helical corrugation member may provide a desired degree of crush and/or kind resistance to the delivery tube.
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Additionally, housing 100 may include one or more information displays (e.g., display 104), e.g., liquid crystal displays, organic light emitting diode displays, or the like. Display 104 may display various information relative to the operation and/or settings of breathing apparatus 10. For example, as shown display 104 may provide an indicator of relative pressure at the user breathing interface. For example, the display of relative pressure may include one or more bars of varying height or thickness indicative of the relative pressure at the user breathing interface (e.g., relative to a maximum pressure that may be provided by breathing apparatus 10). In one embodiment the contents of display 104 may be oriented based upon, at least in part, an orientation of housing 100, e.g., such that the contents of display 104 may always be oriented “right-side-up.” For example, when housing 100 is positioned on end, as shown in
In one or more embodiments, breathing apparatus 10 may include one or more light sensors. A brightness of contents of display 104, and/or one or more other illuminated indicators, may be varied based upon, at least in part, a detected ambient light level detected by the one or more light sensors.
As discussed above, breathing apparatus 10 may include one or more storage device, e.g., storage device 32. Storage device 32 may receive and store various information regarding the operation of breathing apparatus 10. Examples of information that may be received and stored may include, but is not limited to, operations pressure, changes in operation pressure, instances of detected snoring, and the like. Information stored on storage device 32 may be accessed and/or transferred to another computing device using any suitable interface, such as a universal serial bus interface, a wireless interface (e.g., WiFi interface, Bluetooth interface, or the like), an Ethernet interface, etc. In some embodiments, information stored on storage device 32 may be automatically, and/or responsive to a user input, transferred to a remote computing device, e.g., to allow analysis by service and/or medical professions.
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In an embodiment, control module F100 implements a blower motor control algorithm. As generally discussed above, the motor control algorithm can be implemented as a PI controller or PID controller. Via control module F100 such motor control algorithm can be implemented based upon, at least in part, sensor inputs (e.g., from a pressure and/or a flow sensor), which may be a control variable of the control circuit. Based upon, at least in part, the motor control algorithm and the sensor input, the motor may be controlled to achieve a stable pressure at the user breathing interface.
In the illustrative embodiment, memory allocation control module F400 controls the usage and allocation of memory associated with the breathing apparatus (e.g., of storage device 32), including what information may be stored in memory associated with the breathing apparatus. In this regard, the breathing apparatus may include one or more memory allocations and/or types of memory. For example, in an embodiment firmware may be stored on a flash memory.
According to one embodiment, program data memory may include static random access memory (SRAM). The SRAM memory may be utilized for stacks, buffers, operating system, drivers, character sets and double frame buffers for displays. Event memory, which may include, for example, snoring events, status messages (e.g., date, time of usage, etc.) may be stored on a non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory, EEPROM, non-volatile SRAM, etc.), such that the event data may be maintained even during the loss of power to the breathing apparatus. In an illustrative embodiment, snoring event data may be stored for a predefined period of time (e.g., three months). Date, time and start volume data may be stored for each usage of the breathing apparatus may be stored during the lifetime of the breathing apparatus. Additionally, a time of any usage pauses, restarts, and end of usage data may also be stored Parameter data may also be stored in a non-volatile memory, such as flash memory of EEPROM. Parameter data may include serial number parameters that may be utilized by one or more programs executed by the breathing device.
Referring to
For the purpose of explanation various features and embodiments of a breathing apparatus and/or elements of a breathing apparatus have been described and depicted in the figures. It should be appreciated that the various features and embodiments may be susceptible to combination and substitution. For example, various features shown and/or described relative one or more embodiments may be combined with features shown and/or described relative to one or more other embodiments. Similarly, features described and/or shown relative to one or more embodiments may be substituted with features described and/or shown relative one or more other embodiments.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Having thus described the invention of the present application in detail and by reference to embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/467,760, entitled Cloud9 Device and System, filed on 25 Mar. 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61467760 | Mar 2011 | US |
