Patent Application
20230354529
The present application claims priority to EP Patent Application No. 22165941.0, filed Mar. 31, 2022, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Circuit boards are used in a wide range of applications. Those need to be adapted depending on the application. For some applications it is necessary to connect circuit boards or to provide circuit boards having circuit structures provided on different levels, which may be interconnected. In particular, there is a need for component carriers having three-dimensional electrical connections, in particular with an enhanced conductivity.
Below, embodiments are described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.
The reference symbols used in the drawings, and their meanings, are listed in summary form in the list of reference symbols. In principle, identical parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
Described herein are a component carrier and a method for producing a carrier assembly.
The embodiments described herein overcome the above-mentioned problems.
An aspect relates to a component carrier. The component carrier may comprise: a stack comprising a plurality of electrically conductive layer structures and at least one electrically insulating layer structure, wherein a first of said electrically conductive layer structures comprises a first surface where a first plurality of conductive nanowires is connected and a second of said electrically conductive layer structures comprises a second surface where a second plurality of conductive nanowires is connected, wherein said first and second surfaces and said first and second pluralities of nanowires are configured to at least partially connect, in particular electrically connect, the nanowires of the first plurality of nanowires with the respective nanowires of the second plurality of nanowires.
The nanowires allow a reliable and easy connection between two opposed electrically conductive layer structures in a component carrier stack, without the need of additional known steps on the stack to provide an electrical connection, for example to provide connecting vias, pillar or similar. The use of conductive nanowires to connect two electrically conductive layer structures provided on a stack does not need precise alignment of said two electrically conductive layer structures, because the high population resulting from the plurality of nanowires allows the connection of the majority of these nanowires with both structures; at the same time, if the majority of these nanowires connected, the required electrically connection between said electrically conductive layer structures is fulfilled.
Moreover, the nanowires allow a reliable, easy, strong and stable connection between two carrier sub-assemblies, assuring at the same time the electrical connection of the electrically conductive structures provided in each of said sub-assembly, especially useful for a not-finished carrier structure where for example not all layers of the stack are laminated. A further advantage is the via dimension decrease which is in general limited by the capturing pad which is needed for laser drilling via formation. In particular a via can be formed during the manufacturing of the component carrier.
An electrically conductive layer structure and an insulating layer structure may be formed by coating a conductive layer on an insulating layer or vice-versa. The component carrier may in particular comprise for example a resin coated copper (RCC) or a glass fiber-free resin sheet or ABF foil and a copper foil. The nanowires are conductive nanowires, in particular the nanowires may be metal nanowires. In particular, the nanowires, e.g., the majority of the nanowires, of the first plurality of nanowires connected to the nanowires of the second plurality of nanowires are not deformed along their length. This component carrier may constitute a stack of at least two printed circuit boards (PCB).
In some examples, a nanowire extends with a length and is provided with a diameter, wherein diameter is understood to be the maximal extension in the cross-section of the nanowire. The diameter may change along the length of the nanowire. In particular, the nanowire is linear or has a curve like shape from one extremity to the other extremity. In particular, the nanowire might have an aspect ratio of length to diameter of 2:1, in particular 25:1, in particular 50:1, in particular the nanowire has an elongated structure.
A cross-section of the nanowire may be round, e.g. circular, elliptic or oval or non round, e.g. triangular, square, hexagon. The cross-section may change along the length of the nanowire or be uniform. The cross-section may in particular change concerning its diameter, in particular taper, such that the nanowire might have a cone like or pyramidal shape. An example for a nanowire having a uniform diameter is a nanowire having a cylindrical shape.
According to an embodiment, said first and second surfaces and said first and second pluralities of nanowires are configured to at least partially intertangle said first and second pluralities of nanowire one to each other. A mechanically strong connection as well as an enhanced electrical connection can be provided by the intertangling of the pluralities of nanowires, due to the improved mechanical (contacting) interaction among those of the opposed pluralities. The first and second pluralities of nanowires are placed on the opposite side of the other ones. The nanowires of the first plurality of nanowires connected to the nanowires of the second plurality of nanowires may be deformed along their length. By intertangling, a non-woven structure may be realized. In particular, two or more nanowires may intertangle e.g. by forming curves, loops, helixes etc.
In particular, the average length ratio of each nanowire contacting at least one adjacent nanowire with respect to the respective entire nanowire length is at least 5%. This embodiment allows for a good and reliable contact. Here, “adjacent” may mean that the two nanowires belong to the opposed and connected plurality of nanowires, i.e. one nanowire to the first plurality of nanowires and the other one to the second plurality of nanowires.
According to an embodiment, each nanowire of said first and/or second plurality of nanowires has two extremities, one extremity being connected to a respective surface of one of said at least two of said electrically conductive layer structures, the opposed extremity being freely extended from the first extremity. Thus, the nanowire according to this embodiment is attached with one of its ends and has a free end and e. g. arranged brush-like.
According to an embodiment, the distance between the first surface and the second surface corresponds to twice the length of the nanowires. Thus, the distance may be equal to the sum of the length of a nanowire of the first plurality of nanowires and the length of a nanowire of the second plurality of nanowires. The length of the nanowire is in particular the same for the first and the second plurality. In particular, the nanowires of a plurality of nanowires and/or the nanowires of the first plurality and the nanowires of the second plurality may have the same length. Nanowires having the same length and/or having substantially the same length may be defined such that more than 50% may be within a length range, which is defined by deviating at least 30%, e.g., 20% from an average length. In particular, the nanowires of the first plurality are in contact with the nanowires of the second plurality only with their respective extremity. If the contact of the opposed nanowires is limited to their extremities, for example a high population of nanowire per unit of area may be possible due to the lack of need of appropriate clearances between one plurality of nanowires to allow the passage of the other plurality of nanowires in between.
In a first alternative, the distance between the first surface and the second surface may correspond to the length of a nanowire. In that case the two pluralities of nanowires are fully connected one to each other, e.g., intertangling the respective nanowires, assuring a strong and reliable mechanical and electrical connection.
In a second alternative, the distance between the first surface and the second surface is less than the length of a nanowire. In this embodiment, the nanowire may be either bent or at least one extremity extends through the surface of one electrically conductive layer. In this second alternative, a reliable connection of the nanowires of the two pluralities is enhanced.
According to an embodiment, each nanowire of said first and/or second plurality of nanowires has two extremities, one extremity being connected to a respective surface of one of said at least two of said electrically conductive layer structures, the opposed extremity being freely extended from the first extremity. The first extremity of each nanowire is bonded with the respective electrically conductive layer structure.
In particular, the first extremity of at least one nanowire is bonded with the first or the second surface of the at least two of said electrically conductive layer structures so that the first extremity is inserted in the first or the second of the at least two of said electrically conductive layer structures. In this case, the nanowires extend into the electrically conductive layer structures. There are different known techniques for bonding nanowire. In particular, the bonding is conducted by applying pressure and an elevated temperature and/or applying ultrasonic vibrations.
According to an embodiment, the first extremity of each nanowire of said first and/or second plurality of nanowires monolithically merges from the respective electrically conductive layer structure. In particular, a monolithically merging nanowire can be grown from the surface of the electrically conductive layer structures and/or may be formed from the same material as the electrically conductive layer structures.
According to an embodiment, each nanowire of said first or second plurality of nanowires is connected to and/or bonded to and/or monolithically merged from the same at least one electrically conductive structure. In particular, an electrical reliable connection is formed. Even in case one of the nanowire connections is bad, in particular in relation to the conductive layer structure where it is connected, there are a plurality of other nanowires which are able to transmit either a signal and/or current, enhancing the reliable electrical layer interconnection.
According to an embodiment, said plurality of nanowires connects at least two areas each provided on one of said at least two electrically conductive structures. In some examples, these areas face each other. The two may be separated by an insulating layer structure.
In particular, at least one of said two areas is offset in the stack thickness direction with respect to the main area of the respective electrically conductive structure. In some examples, the at least one area protrudes from the respective electrically conductive structure toward the other electrically conductive structure where said plurality of nanowires is connected to and/or bonded to and/or monolithically merged. In particular, this area has an increased thickness, which allows for example an insertion of the nanowires in the conductive structure. Such an embodiment reduces the distance between two electrically conductive structures and allows shorter nanowires. The stack thickness direction is in particular vertical to the planar extension of each layer structure.
Said two areas may extend along a closed profile, so that the plurality of nanowires encloses an internal area. The profile is in particular parallel to the planar extension of the electrically conductive structures. In particular, the profile may be a square, oval, circular, rectangular profile. The internal area may be a non-conductive area surrounded by the nanowires. In this way the nanowires not only assure the electrical connection between the two conductive areas and/or electrically conductive structure, but also allow the provision of a delimited chamber in the component carrier without the need of further, in particular tailored, process steps to create this cavity, such as routing or other known processes. It could be also a straight line to substitute copper trench filling process.
In particular, the plurality of nanowires is divided in at least two sub-pluralities of nanowires, e.g., each sub-plurality connects two sub-areas each provided on one of two electrically conductive layer structures.
According to an embodiment, between the at least two electrically conductive structures, an electrically insulating layer structure is provided, said pluralities of nanowires being embedded in said electrically insulating layer structure. For example, the electrically insulating structure can be a resin, i.e. ABF. The nanowires are inserted when said resin is soft and then not cured, for example in a temperature in the range between 90° C. and 160° C., e.g., between 120° C. and 140° C. (warmed for example with a heating rate of 5 K/min). Only after the insertion, the resin may be cured and those stabilize and/or embed the nanowires. Due to the embedding the nanowires are stable positioned and are reliable insulated from other conductive bodies.
In particular, between the at least two electrically conductive structures, an electrically insulating layer structure is provided, delimited by the area enclosed by said nanowires. For example, prepreg sections may be provided which are cut to fit into areas enclosed by the nanowires. On one hand side, these structures may be used for keeping the electrically conductive structures in a defined distance to each other and/or on the other hand may be used for laminating the electrically conductive structures to a stack. Furthermore, the prepreg section facilitate the build up of the stack. In particular, during a lamination step the protruding nanowires wont cant with the cut insulating layer structure.
According to an embodiment, said pluralities of nanowires comprise a plurality of vertical nanowires. A “vertical nanowire” extends vertically from a planar surface of the electrically conductive layer structures, in particular vertical from a planar layer resp. in the stack thickness direction. Due to the vertical alignment short nanowires allow to connect the opposed areas and/or electrically conductive structures.
In some examples, in case of intertangled nanowires, the inclination of the intertangle nanowire with respect to their original vertical extension is in the range from 5° to 90°, e.g., the inclination of the majority of the intertangle nanowires with respect to their original vertical extension is in the range from 5° to 20°. In particular, the inclination of the nanowire may change for intertangling nanowires along their length, e.g. as the nanowire is provided with a bent or curved shape, which enhances the possibility to intertangle with one or more other nanowires.
According to an embodiment, said pluralities of nanowires comprise an array of nanowires within a specific distribution area. Thus, a regular distribution of the nanowires is provided in the distribution area and a better definition of the spaces among the nanowires is provided.
According to an embodiment, said pluralities of nanowires are randomly distributed within a specific distribution area. A random distribution may be used in particular for nanowires growing from a porous layer having randomly distributing pores. The manufacturing process for randomly distributed nanowires can be simpler.
According to an embodiment, the planar area where the respective plurality of nanowire is provided has a planar shape with a roughness of at least the value of a nanowire diameter.
According to an embodiment, each of said pluralities of nanowires has an average diameter in the range of 10 nm to 5 µm and/or has an average length in the range of 30 nm to 100 µm, e.g., 300 nm to 20 µm. In particular, the length of the nanowire may be related to its thickness, meaning nanowires having a larger thickness allow a higher length. As an example, nanowires having a 300 nm diameter can achieve up to 1-5 µm in length or having a 1 µm diameter can allow up to 50 µm in length.
According to an embodiment, one of the two electrically conductive structures connected by the nanowires comprises a component conductive area, e.g., a component pad. The nanowires may connect the electrically conductive structure with the component, in particular with the component pad. Thus, a direct connection to the component is established, enhancing the electrical and mechanical connection, and reducing the necessary process steps to connect the component. A component might be e. g. a diode, or other known components.
According to an embodiment, the stack comprises at least three of electrically conductive layer structures divided by at least two electrically insulating layer structures, wherein the central electrically conductive layer structures provided between the other two external electrically conductive layer structures comprise two opposed surfaces, wherein at least a plurality of nanowires is provided on one of said opposed surfaces and at least a further plurality of nanowires is provided on the other opposed surface. Such an embodiment allows to connect electrically conductive structures in different positions with respect to a thickness direction and/or a planar extension of the layers. The stack might include one or more central electrically conductive layer structures. In particular, the plurality of nanowires is provided on one of said opposed surfaces facing the first surface and the first plurality of nanowires acts as second plurality of nanowires as described above. The further plurality of nanowires is provided on the other of said opposed surfaces facing the second surface and the second plurality of nanowires acts as first plurality of nanowires as described above.
The central electrically conductive structures can be also composed of a central insulating layer and two opposed electrically conductive structures. The central electrically conductive structures may alternatively be composed by electrically conductive and electrically insulating structures, wherein the electrically conductive structures may be arranged to be contacted from both sides of the layer in a thickness direction. Said central electrically conductive layer structures may comprise a central insulating core and at least one electrically conductive structure provided in at least one main surface.
Said at least a plurality of nanowires is connected to one external electrically conductive layer structure and the central electrically conductive layer structures, wherein for example the at least a further plurality of nanowires is provided on the other opposed surface of the central electrically conductive layer structure and connected to the other external electrically conductive layer structures. Said plurality of nanowires and said further plurality of nanowires are each connected to a common base, said two common bases being provided on the opposed surface of said central electrically conductive layer structures.
In particular, the area of the at least a plurality of nanowires and the area of the at least a further plurality of nanowires are vertically aligned one to each other. If the areas are only partially aligned to each other, according to a further embodiment, only one part of the nanowire associated to the first electrically conductive layer structure may be connected to the second electrically conductive layer and another part of the nanowire associated to the first electrically conductive layer structure may not be connected to the second electrically conductive layer, the not connected nanowires being arranged in one or more regions of the area not vertically aligned with the opposing area. Alternatively, if the areas are only partially aligned to each other, the nanowires may bend in a direction towards the other one of the first or second electrically conductive layer structure and a tapered shape may be created.
The area of the at least a plurality of nanowires and the area of the at least a further plurality of nanowires may be vertically at least partially offset one to each other. This allows for example to compensate for registration tolerances or to connect a pair of opposed areas or electrically conductive structures only partially overlapping one each other along the carrier thickness direction.
The at least a plurality of nanowires and the least a further plurality of nanowires may be each connected to a conductive base and a further conductive base respectively, said bases being connected one to each other.
A further aspect relates to a method of manufacturing a component carrier. The method may comprise:
According to an embodiment, an intermediate insulating layer and/or a plurality of stacked layers is/are provided between said first layer and said second layer.
Said intermediate layer may comprise a material where the nanowires of said first plurality of conductive nanowires and of said second plurality of nanowires are embedded.
These and other aspects will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
A second of said electrically conductive layer structures 14c comprises a second surface 38b where a second plurality of conductive nanowires 18b is connected.
A central electrically conductive layer structures 15 is provided between the other two electrically conductive layer structures 14b and 14c. The central electrically conductive layer structure 15 comprises two opposed surfaces 39a, 39b. A plurality of nanowires 19a is provided on surface 39a and a further plurality of nanowires 19b is provided on the other opposed surface 39b. The central electrically conductive layer structure 15 may be provide with a central electrically insulating layer structure 16c and conductive layer structures 14e and 14f comprising the opposing surfaces 39a and 39b.
Between the first surface 38a and the second surface 39b of the central conductive layer structure 15 an insulating layer 24, in particular a prepreg 28, is arranged.
Between the second surface 38b and the first surface 39a of the central conductive layer structure 15 another insulating layer 24, in particular a prepreg 28 is arranged. The insulating layers 24 are in particular provided with through holes or cut outs arranged in z-direction, the thickness direction, with the plurality of conductive nanowires 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b. Alternatively the insulating layer could be as well provided as soft, uncured resin layers.
After providing and arranging the layers and layer structures as shown in
The insulating layer structure 24 is provided as a soft resin layer, where the nanowires can be inserted from both side and the nanowires of the first and second plurality of nanowires 18a, 18b contact and may intertangle with each other. At least some of the outer most (peripheral) and at least some of the inner located nanowires may be at least partially covered with insulating material. After providing and arranging the layers and layer structures as shown in
While the embodiments described herein have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art and practising the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or controller or other unit may fulfil the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
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| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22165941.0 | Mar 2022 | EP | regional |
