Patent Grant
9713483
The present invention relates generally to medical devices and methods, and more particularly to catheters, catheter positioning/aiming systems, and related methods for forming interstitial passageways (e.g., interstitial tunnels) between two or more adjacently situated blood vessels or other anatomical structures.
Applicant has invented novel methods for bypassing obstructions in arteries and for performing other transvascular medical procedures, wherein a catheter device is inserted transluminally into the blood vessel or other luminal anatomical structure and a tissue-penetrating element (e.g., a puncturing member or a flow of energy) is passed out of the catheter, through the wall of the blood vessel or other anatomical structure in which the catheter is positioned, and into a second blood vessel or other target anatomical structure. In this manner one or more interstitial passageways is/are formed from the blood vessel or other luminal structure in which the catheter is positioned, to a second blood vessel or other target tissue. These transvascular procedures, and certain passageway forming catheters which are useable to perform these procedures, have previously been described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/730,327 entitled METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR BYPASSING ARTERIAL OBSTRUCTIONS AND/OR PERFORMING OTHER TRANSVASCULAR PROCEDURES, filed on Oct. 11, 1996 and Ser. No. 08/730,496 entitled, A DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTERSTITIAL TRANSVASCULAR INTERVENTION, filed Oct. 11, 1996.
In performing the above-summarized transvascular procedures, it is important that the passageway-forming catheter be properly positioned and oriented within the body in the order to ensure that the tissue-penetrating element will form the desired interstitial passageway, at the desired location. If the catheter is improperly positioned or improperly oriented, the resultant passageway(s) may fail to perform their intended function (e.g., to channel blood from one location to another) or the tissue penetrating element of the catheter may perforate or traumatize tissue(s) other than those intended to be canalized.
In many of the passageway-forming catheters devised by applicant, it is necessary to precisely control the rotational orientation of the catheter in order to accomplish the desired aiming of the tissue-penetrating element. However, when the passageway-forming catheter is formed of relatively small diameter, thin-walled polymeric material capable of navigating small, tortuous blood vessels, the catheter shaft may lack sufficient structural integrity to efficiently transfer torque from the proximal end of the catheter to the distal end thereof. Such diminished torque transfer of the catheter shaft can prevent or interfere with the precise rotational orientation and positioning of the distal portion of the catheter prior to formation of the extravascular passageway.
Additionally, to facilitate the use of any on-board imaging system (e.g., an intravascular ultrasound system inserted or built into the passageway-forming catheter) or any separate intracorporeal or extracorporeal imaging services intended to assist in the precise aiming of the tissue-penetrating element, it is desirable for the tissue-penetrating catheter to be provided with appropriate markers or other indicia to enable the operator to utilize to discern the present rotational orientation and position of the catheter and the projected path of the tissue-penetrating element.
Thus, there remains a need in the art for further development and modification of applicant's previously described passageway-forming catheter devices so as to provide for i) improved torque transfer to the distal portion of the catheter and ii) precise rotational orientation and aiming of the catheter prior to deployment of the tissue penetrating element.
The inventions described in this patent application include i) a torqueable introducer sheath which is useable in conjunction with a transvascular passageway forming catheter to effect precise rotational control of the catheter; ii) an anchorable guide catheter which is useable in conjunction with an intravascular imaging catheter and a transvascular passageway-forming catheter to effect precise positioning and aiming of the passageway-forming catheter; iii) a passageway forming catheter having a torqueable proximal portion to facilitate precise rotational positioning of the distal portion of the catheter; iv) a deflectable-tipped passageway forming catheter, v) various markers and other apparatus useable in conjunction with any of the passageway-forming catheters to facilitate precise positioning and aiming of the catheter, and vi) an apparatus which may be formed within a catheter to prevent a member, apparatus of flow of material from being inadvertently advanced through a lumen of the catheter.
Additional details and objects of each of the above-summarized inventions will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding of the following detailed descriptions of preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are provided for the purpose of describing and illustrating presently preferred embodiments of the invention only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
It is to be appreciated that the individual elements and components of each of the embodiments described herebelow may be individually or collectively incorporated into each of the other embodiments capable of receiving or incorporating such element(s) or component(s), and no effort has been made to exhaustively describe all possible permutations and combinations of the inventive elements and components described herein.
i. Torgueable Introducer Sheath
Referring specifically to
A tubular catheter engaging member 28 is formed or mounted within the lumen 20 of the distal segment 18 of the tubular sheath body 12. Such tubular catheter engaging member 28 has a lumen 30 which extends longitudinally therethrough. The lumen 30 may be of any non-cylindrical or nonuniform configuration, such as “pair shape” or “egg-shape,” whereby the luminal surface or a portion thereof will engage and prevent rotation of the catheter inserted through the sheath. An example of a generally oval shaped lumen is shown in
A plurality of elongate reinforcement members 32, formed of wire, fibers or other suitable material, are disposed within the proximal and medial segments 14, 16 of the tubular sheath body 12. These reinforcement members 32 may be helically wound about the lumen 20 of the sheath body 12 to form an overlapping braid structure 34. Other structures, such as a coil structure, may also be used. In particular, such overlapping braid structure 34 may comprise two groups of individual elongate members 32 helically wound in opposite phase about the longitudinal axis LA of the tubular introducer sheath body 12, and at cross over points of such groups of elongate members 32, the individual elongate members 32 of one group will be alternately passed over and under the individual elongate members 32 of the other group, so as to provide a braid structure 34 which will impart enhanced structural integrity and torque transfer to the proximal 14 and medial 16 segments of the tubular sheath body 12. In some embodiments, the distal segment 18 may also be provided with the elongate members 32 and/or braided structure.
In embodiment of this sheath intended for coronary application, the individual elongate members 32 may preferably be formed of stainless steel of 0.001-0.005 inch diameter. Each group of elongate members 32 may consist of eight such stainless steel wire members in substantially parallel side-by-side relation to one another. The first and second groups of elongate members 32 will be helically wound about a tubular inner liner 36, in opposite phase such that the first and second groups of elongate members will repeatedly cross over each other. At locations whereat the groups of elongate members 32 cross over each other, each individual elongate member 32 of each group may be alternately threaded over and under the individual elongate members 32 of the other group, so as to provide an interwoven, braided structure 34 which will impart enhanced torqueability to the tubular sheath body 12. A tubular outer skin 15 is then formed over the wire braid structure 34 such that the wire braid structure 34 is captured or located between the tubular outer skin 15 and the tubular core member 36, as shown.
In at least some applications it may desirable to impart regionalized differences in rigidity or hardness to the proximal and medial segments 14, 16 of the tubular sheath body 12. In this manner, the outer skin 15 of the proximal portion 14 may be formed of material which is more rigid or greater in hardness than that of the outer skin 15 of the medial portion 16. For example, the outer skin 15 of the proximal portion 14 may be formed of thermoplastic, elastin (e.g., Pebax, polyurethane, silicone, polyester) or thermoset elastomer (e.g., polyurethane or flexibly epoxy) (e.g., Pebax) having a Shore D hardness of 60-72 while the outer skin 15 of the medial portion 16 may be formed of polymeric material (e.g., pebax) having a lesser hardness, such as a 40-60 Shore D hardness on the shore D scale. The outer skin 15 of the distal portion 18 may preferably have a Shore D hardness in the range of 30-40. The relative lengths and hardness of the inner liner 36 and outer skin 15 may be varied to adjust the overall stiffness of the catheter and the locations of the transition areas between the proximal 14, medial 16 and distal 18 segments of the sheath 10.
In the preferred embodiment, shown in the drawings, the inner liner is formed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of consistent hardness from the proximal end PE to the distal end DE of the tubular sheath body 12.
With reference to
A tissue-penetrating element 46 of the type previously described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/730,327 is advanceable out of the distal end DE of the upper catheter portion 42 such that the tissue penetrating element 46 will diverge laterally from the longitudinal axis LA of the catheter device 40. In this manner, the tissue-penetrating element 46 will pass through the wall of a blood vessel wherein the distal portion of the catheter device 40 is positioned so as to create an extravascular passageway extending from the blood vessel to another blood vessel or other extravascular target location.
As shown in
ii. Anchorable Guide Catheter
Referring to
The anchorable guide catheter 50, comprises a pliable tubular catheter body 52 having a proximal end PE and a distal end DE. First and second lumens 54, 56 extend longitudinally through the catheter body 52. An opening 58 is formed in one side of the catheter body 52, so as to provide an opening into the first lumen 54. A pressure exertive member such as a balloon 59 or other projectable apparatus such as a moveable foot, is mounted on the catheter body 52 at a location laterally opposite the location of the opening 58. An inflation fluid aperture 60 is formed in the sidewall of the catheter body 52 between the balloon 58 and the second lumen 56 such that balloon inflation fluid may pass into and out of the balloon 59, through the second lumen 56.
A proximal connector assembly 62 is mounted on the proximal end PE of the catheter body 52. Such proximal connector assembly 62 has a side arm port 64 in communication with the second lumen 56 such that balloon inflation fluid may be injected or withdrawn through the side arm port 64 to cause alternate inflation and deflation of the balloon 59. Also, the proximal connector assembly 62 has a proximal port 66 through which any elongate member of suitable size and configuration, such as the imaging (IVUS) catheter, a passageway forming catheter 40, or other catheters equipped for introducing channel connectors, channel sizers, lumen blockers, etc. as described in Applicant's earlier-filed U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 08/730,327 and 08/730,496, may be advanced through the first lumen 54 of the catheter body 52. The first lumen 54 of the catheter body 52 may be of a shape or configuration which is analogous to one or both of the catheters which are to be inserted through the first lumen 54 such that when such IVUS catheter, passageway forming catheter 70 or other elongate member 15 inserted into the first lumen 54, the outer surface(s) thereof will engage the inner surface of the first lumen 54 such that the IVUS catheter, passageway forming catheter 70 or other elongate member will be prevented from rotatably moving relative to the body of the catheter 52, and the operator will thereby maintain precise control over the rotational orientation of these apparatus. In particular, as shown in
Referring to
Referring back to
After the opening 58 of the balloon anchorable guide catheter 50 has been precisely rotationally positioned so that a passageway forming catheter 70 subsequently inserted through the guide catheter 50 will be appropriately aimed at the target anatomical location, the balloon 59 of the guide catheter 50 will be inflated (or the other pressure exertive member will be actuated) to engage the surrounding luminal anatomical wall and to hold the distal portion of the guide catheter 50 in substantially fixed longitudinal and rotational position/orientation. In this regard, the material in which the balloon 59 is formed may be frictionally textured or coated with adhesive or otherwise modified with a friction producing outer surface to enhance its friction against the luminal wall. In this manner the balloon 59 will soundly engage the surrounding luminal wall to hold the distal portion of the guide catheter 50 in fixed position.
Thereafter, the imaging catheter 80 will be extracted from the first lumen 54, and a passageway-forming catheter such as that shown in
Because the anchoring balloon 59 has been inflated, the guide catheter body 52 will be prevented from rotating within the vasculature and will be held in a substantially fixed rotational orientation such that the side opening 58 is in direct alignment with the other blood vessel or target location to which the extravascular passageway is to extend. Thus, after the passageway-forming catheter 70 has been inserted into the first lumen 54 in the above-described manner, the triggering member 80 may be actuated to cause the tissue penetrating element 78 to pass out of the passageway forming catheter body 72, through the side opening 58 of the guide catheter, through the wall of the blood vessel in which the guide catheter 50 is located, and into another blood vessel or other extravascular target location. In some embodiments, the tissue penetrating element 78 may comprise a tubular member having a guidewire lumen 81 extending longitudinally therethrough. When such guidewire lumen 81 is present, a guidewire 79 may optionally be advanced through the tissue penetrating element 78 and into the other blood vessel or extravascular target location, after the tissue-penetrating element 78 has been advanced thereinto. After such guidewire 79 has been advanced into the other blood vessel or extravascular target location, the tissue penetrating element 78 may be retracted into the body of the passageway forming catheter 70, and the passageway forming catheter 70 and balloon anchorable guide catheter 50 may be extracted from the body, leaving the guidewire 79 in place to guide other devices or operative instruments through the newly created extravascular passageway.
iii. Passageway-Forming Catheter Device Having Torqueable Proximal Portion
The proximal segment 104 and medial segment 106 of the catheter body 102 incorporate reinforcement members, such as a reinforcement member braid 110, which will impart structural integrity to the proximal segment 104 and medial segment 106, and will enhance the ability of the proximal segment 104 and medial segment 106 to transmit torque from the proximal end of the catheter body 102. In some embodiments, the distal segment 108 may also incorporate such reinforcement members and/or braid 110. The reinforcement members and braid may be similar to or the same as that described in detail hereabove in reference to
As shown in
The mid-portion 106 comprises a cylindrical core member 140b of diameter D.sub.2, about which the reinforcement members or wire braid 110 are wrapped. A cylindrical outer jacket 142b is also formed about the mid-portion 106 of the catheter body 102, and is continuous with the outer surface of the distal portion 108, as shown in
It would be appreciated that the individual portions or members which make up each segment of 104, 106, 108 of the catheter body 102 may be formed of materials which have different physical properties (e.g., hardness, flexural properties, etc.) so as to bring about the desired regionalized variations in pliability and torque strength the catheter body 102. For example, in a presently preferred embodiment, the cylindrical core member 140a of the proximal portion 104 is formed of a polymer material of a first hardness (e.g., Pebax of 63E Shore Hardness) and the cylindrical core member 140b of the mid-portion 106 is formed of a polymer material having a different hardness (e.g., Pebax of 40D Shore Hardness). The outer jacket 142 a of the proximal portion 104 is formed of another polymeric material having yet a different hardness (e.g., Pebax 70D Shore Hardness) and the outer jacket 142d of the mid-portion 106 is formed of polymeric material having the same or similar hardness of that of the mid-portion 106 (e.g., Pebax of 40D Shore Hardness) other polymeric materials which may be used to form portions or members of the catheter body 102 include nylon, polyurethane, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) etc.
The catheter body 102 has a bottom portion BP and an upper portion UP. A curved or slanted frontal surface is formed on the distal end of the upper portion UP.
A first lumen 130 extends longitudinally through the catheter body from the proximal end to the distal end of the upper portion of the catheter body, and terminates distally at the distal outlet aperture 134.
A second lumen 132 also extends longitudinally through the catheter body from the proximal end thereof to a closed end wall or plug at the distal end of the lower portion LP of the catheter body 102. A proximal connector 136 is mounted on the proximal end of the catheter body. A proximal connector 136 has a proximal end port 134 and a side arm port 138. The proximal end port 134 is in communication with the first lumen 130 of the catheter body 102, and the side arm port 138 is in communication with the second lumen 132 of the catheter body 102. A tissue-penetrating element 150 extends through the first lumen 130. This tissue penetrating element 150 may be any suitable type of tissue penetrating element member, device, or flow of energy, as previously described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/730,324, of which this application is a continuation-in-part. In embodiments wherein the tissue penetrating element 150 is an advanceable member or device, a handpiece of the type shown in
An imaging catheter, such as an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter may be inserted through one of the ports 134, 138 of the proximal connector 136 connected to the second lumen 132. In this manner the imaging catheter (IVUS) may be advanced through the second lumen 132 such that a distal portion of the imaging catheter extends into or out of and beyond the distal extent of the second lumen 132, thereby placing the imaging transducer or image receiving apparatus at a vantage point which is distal to the outlet aperture 134. Such imaging catheter may then be utilized to image anatomical structures which are situated adjacent to in the vicinity of the outlet aperture 134, and to view the passage of the tissue-penetrating element 150 out of the outlet aperture 134 and through/into the adjacent anatomical structure.
iv. A Deflectable Catheter System for Forming Extraluminal Passageways
b show another type of catheter system which may be utilized to form interstitial passageways between a luminal anatomical structure (e.g., a blood vessel) within which the catheter is positioned and another target anatomical location (e.g., another blood vessel, chamber of the heart, organ, tumor, etc.).
As shown in
The deflectable tip catheter 110 comprises an elongate pliable catheter body 1016 having a deflectable distal end DE and a proximal end PE which is connected to a handpiece 1018.
A presently preferred construction of the handpiece 1118 is shown in
A working lumen 1020 extends longitudinally through the catheter body 1016 and through an opening 1022 in the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016. A secondary lumen 1026 extends longitudinally through the catheter body 1016, at an off center location along one side of the catheter body. Such secondary lumen 1026 terminates within the catheter body near the distal end thereof, and is thus a blind lumen. A pull wire 1024 extends longitudinally through the secondary lumen 1026 and the distal end 1028 of the pull wire 1024 is anchored or attached to the catheter body at a location within the catheter body, near the distal end thereof. The pull wire 1024 is axially moveable within the secondary lumen 1026 such that, when the pull wire 1024 is retracted in the proximal direction, it will cause the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 to deflect in lateral direction, toward the side on which the secondary lumen 1026 is formed, as shown in
The handpiece 1018 comprises a rear body portion 1030 and a forward body portion 1032 a knob 1034 is formed on the forward body portion 1032. The proximal end of the forward body portion 1032 is received within an inner bore 1036 of the rear body portion 1030 and is slidably retractable and advanceable within such bore 1036. A tubular member 1038 is positioned axially within the bore 136 of the rear body portion 1030 and extends through a portion of the forward body portion 132 as shown. This tube member 1038 is attached and anchored within the handpiece 1018 by way of a nut 1039. The catheter body 1016 extends through the tubular member 1038 and the proximal end PE of the catheter body 1016 is anchored within the rear body portion 1030, as shown. A slot 1040 is formed in the side of the tube member 1038. The pull wire 1014 extends through a small hole formed in the side of the catheter body 1016 within the forward body portion 1032 and through the slot 1040. The proximal end of the pull wire 1024 is attached to a set screw 1042 mounted in the side of the forward body portion 1032. An 0-ring 1046 is mounted within an annular groove formed in the proximal portion of the forward body portion 1032 such that the 0ring will ride against the inner surface of the bore 1036 of the rear body portion 130 as the forward body portion 1032 is advanced and retracted therewithin.
In operation, when it is desired to cause the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 to deflect laterally, the operator will grasp the knob 1034 of the forward body portion 1032 and will proximally retract the forward body portion 1032 into the bore 1036 of the rear body portion 1030, while the catheter body 1016 remains axially stationary due to its affixation to the proximal body portion 1030. In this manner, the pull wire 1024 will be proximally retracted within the secondary lumen 1026 and will cause the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 to deflect in the desired lateral direction, as shown. Such deflection of the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 may be utilized to cause the distal end outlet aperture 1022 to be specifically directed or aimed at the luminal wall of a luminal anatomical structure within which the catheter body 1016 is inserted.
A first frusto conical bore 1050 is formed within an insert member 1052 located in the rear body portion 1030, and within which the proximal end PE of the catheter body 116 is extended. This frusto conical bore 1050 leads directly into the proximal end of the working lumen 1020 of the catheter body 1016 and will facilitate distally directed advancement of a guidewire, imaging catheter 1012, tissue penetrating element 1014, or other elongate apparatus through the main lumen 1020 of the catheter body 1016.
Another insert member 1054 having an opposite redirected frusto conical bore 1056 is also mounted within the bore 1036 of the rear body portion 1030, proximal to the first insert member 1052. This oppositely directed frusto conical bore 1056 will serve to guide and center the proximal end of a guidewire or similar elongate apparatus over which the catheter body 116 may be advanced such that it passes out of the proximal end PE of the catheter body 116.
Optionally, a hemostasis valve and/or gripping apparatus 1060 may be mounted on the proximal end of the rear body portion 130, immediately adjacent the proximal end opening 1062 of the bore 136 through which the guidewire(s), imaging catheter 1012, tissue penetrating element 1014 or other elongate apparatus may be passed.
In a preferred mode of operation, the catheter body 1016 is initially inserted into a luminal anatomical structure such that the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 is located generally adjacent a site at which an interstitial passageway is to be formed through the wall of the luminal anatomical structure within which the catheter body 1016 is positioned. The imaging catheter 1012 (e.g., an IVUS catheter) is advanced through the proximal opening 1062, through the frusto conical bore 1050, and through the working lumen 1020 of the catheter body 1016 until the transducer or image-receiving element of the imaging catheter 1012 is appropriately positioned to image the side wall of the luminal anatomical structure within which the catheter body 1016 is inserted and/or the target anatomical location to which the interstitial passageway is desired to extend. In many instanced, this will require that a distal portion of the imaging catheter 1012 protrudes slightly out of and beyond the distal end opening 1022 of the working lumen 1020. With the image catheter 1012 in its operative position, it may be utilized to precisely locate the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 in the desired longitudinal location and rotational orientation which will cause the distal end opening 1022 to be in alignment with the specific site on the wall of the luminal anatomical structure through which the passageway is to be formed. In this manner, one or more imageable markers or other aiming/positioning systems as described in this patent application or in applicant's related patent applications may be incorporated into the system 1000 to facilitate precise aiming and positioning of the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016.
After the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 has been longitudinally and rotationally positioned/oriented, the imaging catheter 1012 will be extracted and removed, and the tissue-penetrating element 1014 will then be advanced through the proximal opening 1062, through the frusto conical bore 1050, and through the working lumen 1020 until the tissue-penetrating element is near the distal end opening 1022 but still contained within the working lumen 1020. Thereafter, the operator will grasp the knob 1034 of the handpiece 1018 and will retract the forward body portion 1032 of the handpiece rearwardly, into the rear body portion 1030. This will cause the pull wire 1024 to retract and will cause the distal end DE of the catheter to become laterally deflected such that the distal end opening 1022 is positioned in direct alignment with the site on the wall of the luminal anatomical structure through which the passageway is to be formed. Thereafter, the tissue-penetrating element 1014 will be further advanced out of the distal end opening 1022 of the catheter body 1016, through the wall of the luminal anatomical structure, and through any intervening tissue, until the tissue-penetrating element 1012 emerges into the intended target anatomical location.
Thereafter, the tissue-penetrating element 1014 may be retracted through the working lumen 1020 and removed.
Thereafter, one or more secondary apparatus (e.g., channel connector delivery catheters, channel enlarging/modifying catheters, blocker catheters, etc.), may be advanced through the working lumen 1020 of the catheter to perform any desired modifications of the interstitial passageway or delivery of ancillary devices to facilitate flow of blood or biological fluids through the passageway, as desired.
Thereafter, when the procedure has been completed, the operator may again grasp the knob 1034 of the forward body portion 1032 and may distally advance the forward body portion to its original position, thereby allowing the distal end DE of the catheter body 1016 to return to its substantially straight, non-deflected configuration.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications or changes may be made to the above-described system 1000 without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the preferred embodiment has been shown with a single working lumen 1020 extending through the deflectable catheter 1010, a plurality of such lumens may be formed to allow multiple components (e.g., the imaging catheter 112 and the tissue penetrating element 1014 and/or a guidewire (not shown)) to extend through the catheter body 1016 simultaneously. However, in many applications it will be desirably to minimize the diameter of the catheter body 1016 and to maximize its pliability or flexibility, thereby rendering it desirable to utilize a single lumen 1020 in such applications.
Optionally, a side port 1057 may be formed in the rear body portion 1030 to permit infusion/withdrawal of fluid through the working lumen 1020 of the catheter 1000.
V. Markers and Related Apparatus for Positioning/Aiming the Passageway Forming Catheters
In particular,
Referring to
In the particular embodiment shown in
In the alternative embodiment shown in
The showing of
One example of an electrical system which may be utilized to electronically mark a desired location L on the image received from the phased array transducer 376 is shown, in schematic fashion, in
The signal receiving apparatus 502 is preferably formed within the wall of the passageway forming catheter 100a laterally outboard of the working lumen 302 through which the tissue penetrating element is passed, and in direct alignment with the tissue penetrating element outlet aperture 134 formed in the side of the catheter 100a. Optionally, the catheter 100a may also include an imaging lumen 300 through which and imaging catheter (e.g., an IVUS catheter) may be passed. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that in many applications the signal emitting apparatus 500 and signal receiving apparatus 502 will be operable to control the precise positioning and rotational orientation of the catheter 100a, and such imaging lumen 300 may be unnecessary.
The signal receiving apparatus 502 formed in the passageway-forming catheter 100a comprises a signal receiving wire 510 having a tubular shielding apparatus 512 formed therearound. The tubular shielding apparatus 512 surrounds the shaft of the receiving wire 510 and a short distal portion 514 of the receiving wire 510 extends out of and beyond the distal end of the tubular shield 512. The tubular shield 512 may be formed in the same manner as the above-described tubular shield 506 of signal emitting apparatus 500. The exposed distal portion 514 of the signal receiving wire 510 is located immediately adjacent, and in longitudinal alignment with the side outlet aperture 134. In this manner, an electro magnetic signal may be emitted through the signal emitting apparatus 500 after it has been positioned within the second blood vessel BV.sub.2 or other target tissue. The longitudinal positioning and rotational orientation of the passageway-forming catheter 100a inserted within the first blood vessel BV.sub.1 may then be adjusted until the signal received by the signal receiving apparatus 502 of the catheter 100a is at its peak intensity, thereby indicating that the exposed distal portion 514 of the receiving wire 510 has been positioned at its closest possible point to the exposed distal portion 508 of the signal emitting wire 504. This will ensure that the passageway forming catheter 100a is longitudinally positioned at the closest straight-lined point from the signal emitting apparatus 500 located within the second blood vessel BV.sub.2 or other target tissue, and that the catheter 100a has been rotated to a rotational orientation wherein the outlet aperture 134 is directly aimed at the signal emitting apparatus 500 located within the second blood vessel BV.sub.2 or other target tissue. It will be further appreciated by those skilled in the art that various types of energy-emitting signals may be utilized into, such that the signal emitting apparatus 500 located within the second blood vessel BV.sub.2 or target tissue is an “active” element and the signal receiving apparatus 502 associated with the passageway forming catheter 100a is a “passive” or receiving element. The types of signals which may be utilized include, but are not necessarily limited to, electromagnetic signals (as specifically described hereabove), sonic signals (e.g., doppler), ultrasonic signals, high intensity light, laser, radiofrequency, etc.
Further referring to
In this manner, the system 790 shown in
c show other catheter marking schemes which may be used in conjunction with an extracorporeal imaging apparatus 118, such as a fluoroscope, positioned adjacent a mammalian body MB. In the showing of
Referring to
Similarly, as shown in
vi. Apparatus for Preventing Inadvertent Deployment of Tissue Penetrating Element
Materials, construction and treatments of the balloon, 544′ may be made to prevent undesired movement or dislodgment in the vessel during its inflated state. Treatment may include surface modification, Dacron, or other means.
It should be appreciated that the general concept of combining an anchoring device which is deployed after confirmation of proper orientation of the tissue penetrating element which simultaneously or nearly thereafter, removes a safety device previously in place to prevent inadvertent advancement of the tissue penetrating element, can be accomplished in other ways not completely described above.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention has been described hereabove with reference to certain presently preferred embodiments and examples only, and no effort has been made to exhaustively describe all possible embodiments and examples in which the invention may take physical form. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that each of the specific components and elements of the above-described embodiments and examples may be combined or used in conjunction with any of the other components shown in relation to other embodiments or examples, to the extent such recombination of elements or components may be accomplished without rendering the device, apparatus, or system unusable for its intended purpose. Furthermore, various additions, deletions, modifications, and alterations may be made to the above-described embodiments and examples without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly it is intended that all such variations, recombination, additions, deletions and modifications be included within the scope of the following claims.
This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/634,850 filed Dec. 9, 2009 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,648,517, which is a division of Ser. No. 09/912,122 filed Jul. 24, 2001 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,648,517, which is a division of Ser. No. 08/837,294 filed Apr. 11, 1997 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,302,875, the entire disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
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| 20140236207 A1 | Aug 2014 | US |
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