Circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles

Abstract

A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, which comprises an oil or similar fluid boost pump mounted on a steady support plate adjacent to each vehicle wheel. The pump is linked to a toothed wheel that engages another toothed wheel being an integral part of the hub of the vehicle wheel; said toothed wheels being housed in a hermetically sealed enclosure. The pumps mounted on front wheels are connected by means of pipes, to a primary two-way valve which, in turn, is connected by means of pipes to a primary oil or similar fluid storage tank, thus constituting a completely independent front wheel brake hydraulic circuit. The pumps mounted on rear wheels are connected by means of pipes, to a secondary two-way valve which, in turn, is connected by means of pipes to a secondary oil or similar fluid storage tank, thus constituting a completely independent rear wheel brake hydraulic circuit. The moveable inner body of the foregoing primary and secondary two-way valves is linked to the brake pedal lever of the vehicle. In one variant of the preferred embodiment the pump is mounted directly on the hub of each vehicle wheel. Said pump has a plurality of pistons housed in each cylindrical cavity forming part of a housing and which are arranged preferably in a radial arrangement. Each cylindrical cavity having an oil inlet and outlet orifice. Said inlet orifices are communicated with the pump inlet while the outlet orifices are communicated with the pump outlet. The outer face of said pistons is in contact with each helicoidal spring while the inner face of said pistons is in contact with the outer ring of a bearing, preferably a roller bearing. Said bearing being mounted on an eccentric cylindrical body forming part of the hub of the vehicle wheel.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The principal object of this patent of invention is a circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, which provides significant advantages resulting from its effective braking action, structural simplicity, low maintenance and the absence of environmental contamination during the braking process of the vehicle.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a device as specified in this patent which has been designed and developed in order to provide all types of air and land vehicles with a simple and highly effective braking device which contributes to avoid accidents caused by malfunction or breakdown attributed to already known braking systems.

2. Description of the Prior Art

It is known that breaking consists in applying a fixed surface against a rotating drum or disk, being an integral part of the wheel of the vehicle. Thus, friction holds the rotation of the wheel and consequently produces the gradual stop of the vehicle, thanks to the friction force that comes in contact between the pneumatic tire and the road surface.

In regard to the rotating drum, already known braking systems utilize internal shoes whose surface is applied against the drum, while rotating disks utilize at least two friction pads mounted to each slidable body which are applied to both faces of the disk.

Usually the displacement of the internal shoes—as in the drum brake—or the displacement of the friction pads—as in the disk brake—is produced by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic circuit, controlled by the brake pedal of the vehicle.

Regarding the inconveniences inherent in drum brakes, we can mention, among others, the emission of contaminating particles during the braking process, gradual wear of internal brake pads, great overheating when deceleration is very frequent, brake fade when brake pads are wetted with water or any other fluid, and permanent maintenance—cleaning and adjustment—required by the complete assembly.

Similarly, regarding disk brakes, we can mention some inconveniences such as the emission of contaminating particles during the braking process, gradual wear of friction pads, great overheating when deceleration is very frequent, brake fade when friction pads are wetted with water or another fluid, and permanent maintenance that implies cleaning and adjustment of the complete assembly.

Considering the hydraulic control circuit—either for drum or disk brakes—there is an inconvenience associated with its structural characteristics which implies that frequent maintenance is required due to the loss of fluid in the cylinders mounted on each wheel, or the loss of fluid in other parts of the circuit.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The inconveniences recited in the foregoing can be avoided by a circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles as specified in this invention, which maintains an effective braking action still in intense rainy weather. Further advantages of this device include structural simplicity, low maintenance and the total absence of emission of contaminating particles during the braking process of the vehicle.

The aforementioned benefits are a direct consequence of the particular combination and structure of the elements that compose the circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles. Said device comprises an oil or similar fluid boost pump mounted on a steady support plate adjacent to each vehicle wheel which can be operated by means of a toothed wheel that engages a second toothed wheel being an integral part of the hub of the vehicle wheel.

The pumps mounted on the front wheels of the vehicle are connected by means of pipes, to a primary two-way valve which, in turn, is connected by means of pipes to a primary oil or similar fluid storage tank, thus constituting a completely independent front wheel brake hydraulic circuit.

Furthermore, the pumps mounted on the rear wheels of the vehicle are connected by means of pipes, to a secondary two-way valve which, in turn, is connected by means of pipes to a secondary oil or similar fluid storage tank, thus constituting a completely independent rear wheel brake hydraulic circuit.

The moveable inner body of the foregoing primary and secondary two-way valves is linked to the brake pedal lever of the vehicle, so that if the pedal is pressed, both brake hydraulic circuits will operate simultaneously and independently.

In one variant of the preferred embodiment the present device comprises the oil or similar fluid boost pump whose pistons are arranged preferably in a radial arrangement. Said pump is mounted directly on the hub of each vehicle wheel adjacent thereto.

The pump can be actuated by means of an eccentric cylindrical body forming part of the hub of the vehicle wheel whose rotation produces the alternate motion of the pistons intended to pump oil.

In order to clarify the aforementioned advantages and to facilitate better understanding of the structure, constitution and operation of the invented circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, an exemplary preferred embodiment is below described and illustrated schematically without being drawn to scale. It is expressly clarified that the purpose of the example is to describe and illustrate the basic concept on which the invention is based, thus the protective scope of the present invention may not be limited or restricted in any way whatsoever.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a diagram of the circulating fluid regulated braking device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a cutaway view of the assembly set of a front wheel and respective pump thereof according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts a cutaway view of the pump illustrated in the above figure.

FIG. 4 depicts a diagram of a four-way valve of the circulating fluid regulated braking device, according to a preferred embodiment variant.

FIG. 5 depicts a cutaway view of the assembly set of a front wheel and respective pump thereof according to the preferred variant embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 depicts a cutaway view according to the scheme VI-VI illustrated in FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

According to the exemplary embodiment selected for describing the circulating fluid regulated braking device invented for air and land vehicles and throughout the figures of drawings, where the same element or structure constituting the set appears in more than one Figure of the drawing, the same reference number is applied thereto.

Referring now to FIG. 1, the circulating fluid regulated braking device according to the present invention comprises oil boost pumps 1 and 2, respectively mounted on front wheels 3 and 4, and oil boost pumps 5 and 6, respectively mounted on rear wheels 7 and 8. Pumps 1 and 2 inlets are connected to the first way 9 outlet of the primary valve 10, by means of pipes 11 and 12, while same pumps 1 and 2 outlets are connected to the second way 13 inlet of said primary valve 10 by means of pipes 14 and 15.

It may be observed that the inlet of the first way 9 is connected to a primary oil or similar fluid storage tank 16, by means of pipe 17, while the outlet of the second way 13 is connected to said primary tank 16, by means of pipe 18. The moveable inner body 19 of the primary valve 10 is linked to the brake pedal lever 20 of the vehicle, so that if the pedal is pressed, the brake hydraulic circuit of the front wheels will operate independently.

As seen in the above figure, pumps 5 and 6 inlets are connected to the outlet of the first way 21 of the secondary valve 22, by means of pipes 23 and 24, while same pumps 5 and 6 outlets are connected to the inlet of the second way 25 of said secondary valve 22, by means of pipes 26 and 27. It may also be observed that the inlet of the first way 21 is connected to a secondary oil or similar fluid storage tank 28, by means of pipe 29, while the outlet of the second way 25 is connected to said secondary tank 28 by means of pipe 30. The moveable inner body 31 of the secondary valve 22 is linked to the brake pedal lever 20 of the vehicle, so that if the pedal is pressed, the brake hydraulic circuit of the rear wheels will operate independently.

FIG. 2 depicts a cutaway view of the assembly set of a front wheel of the vehicle where the oil or similar fluid gear pump 1 is shown as mounted on a steady support plate 32. The toothed wheel 33 mounted on the shaft 34 of pump 1 engages another toothed wheel 35 being an integral part of the hub 36 of the vehicle wheel. The housing 37 keeps the wheels set 33 and 35 isolated in order to prevent them from the action of water and dust particles and to maintain a correct lubrication. Studs 38 pass through wheel hub orifices of the vehicle, thus permitting the fastening of the wheel by means of each nut, not shown in FIG. 2.

Referring to the front-wheel drive, the rotation of the hub 36 produces the vehicle motion, also transmitting said rotation to pump 1 through the geared wheels 35 and 33. The motion of pump 1 pumps the oil through pipe 14, driving it to the circuit illustrated in the above figure, and then returning to pump 1 through pipe 11.

When the pedal brake is in the rest position, oil circulates freely but when the pedal is actuated, said circulation is gradually blocked due to the closure of the ways of the primary valve 10. This way, the rotation of the toothed wheels 33 and 35 and the hub 36—being an integral part of the wheel—is blocked by hydraulic effect, thus producing the vehicle stop due to the action of the friction force between the tire and the road surface.

FIG. 3 depicts a cutaway view of the oil or similar fluid pump showing inner gears 39 and 40, screws 41 of the pump cap, fastening screws 42 of the pump to the steady support plate, as well as inlet 43 and outlet 44, which are connected to pipes 11 and 14 respectively.

FIG. 4 depicts a diagram of a four-way valve of the circulating fluid regulated braking device wherein the same reference numbers are used to identify same elements illustrated in FIG. 1. In this preferred embodiment variant, only one four-way valve is actuated by the lever 20 of the vehicle brake pedal, thus maintaining the independency of brake hydraulic circuits of the front and rear wheels.

FIG. 5 depicts a cutaway view of the assembly set of a front wheel of the vehicle wherein the oil or similar fluid pump 1 can be seen. Said front wheel comprises a housing 45—being an integral part of the vehicle suspension set—wherein there is a plurality of radial pistons 46 housed in each cylindrical cavity 47. The outer face of said pistons receives the thrust of the spring 48, while their inner face is in permanent contact with the outer ring of the bearing 49, preferably a roller bearing, mounted on the eccentric cylindrical body 50 forming part of the hub 51 of the vehicle wheel. Cylindrical cavities 47 are hermetically sealed by means of screws 52.

FIG. 5 also shows oil inlet and outlet pipes 11 and 14 respectively, according to the hydraulic circuit of the braking device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 depicts a cutaway view according to the scheme VI-VI illustrated in FIG. 5, wherein radial pistons 46 are housed in cylindrical cavities 47. As hereinabove mentioned, the inner face of said pistons is in permanent contact—due to the action of the springs 48—with the outer ring of the bearing 49 which is mounted on the eccentric cylindrical body 50 forming part of the hub 51 of the vehicle wheel.

Referring to the front-wheel drive, the rotation of the hub 51 not only moves the vehicle but also produces the rotation of the eccentric body 50 which transmits an alternate motion to the radial pistons 46. This way, during the vehicle motion, the oil in each cylindrical cavity 47 enters through the orifice 52 and exits through the orifice 53 alternately. It may be observed that check valves 54 are mounted on orifices 52, while check valves 55 are mounted on orifices 53.

Both channels, not shown in the above Figure, communicate the orifices 52 with the inlet pipe 11, and the orifices 53 with the outlet pipe 14, thus permitting the continuous circulation of oil through the hydraulic circuit of the device illustrated in FIG. 1.

When the pedal brake is in the rest position, oil circulates freely but when the pedal is actuated, said circulation is gradually blocked due to the closure of the ways of the primary valve 10. Consequently, the rotation of the eccentric body 50 and the hub 51—being an integral part of the wheel—is blocked by hydraulic effect, thus producing the vehicle stop due to the action of the friction force between the tire and the road surface.

The protective scope of the present patent of invention is defined in the following claims in accordance with the above described exemplary embodiment and variants thereof.

Claims

1. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, which comprises an oil or similar fluid boost pump mounted on a steady support plate adjacent to each vehicle wheel; this pump being mounted on each wheel linked to a toothed wheel that engages another toothed wheel being an integral part of the hub of the vehicle wheel; said toothed wheels being housed in a hermetically sealed enclosure; the inlet of the pumps mounted on the front wheels being connected by means of pipes to the outlet of the first way of a primary two-way valve; the outlet of the pumps mounted on front wheels being connected by means of pipes to the inlet of the second way of said primary two-way valve; the inlet of the first way of said primary two-way valve being connected by means of pipes to a primary oil or similar fluid tank; the outlet of the second way of said primary two-way valve being connected by means of pipes to said primary oil or similar fluid tank; the inlet of the pumps mounted on rear wheels being connected by means of pipes to the outlet of the first way of a secondary two-way valve; the outlet of the pumps mounted on rear wheels being connected by means of pipes to the inlet of the second way of said secondary two-way valve; the inlet of the first way of said secondary two-way valve being connected by means of pipes to a secondary oil or similar fluid tank; the outlet of the second way of said secondary two-way valve being connected by means of pipes to said secondary oil or similar fluid tank; the moveable inner body of said primary and secondary two-way valves being linked to the brake pedal lever of the vehicle.

2. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pumps mounted on the front and rear wheels of the vehicle are respectively connected to a sole four-way valve thus constituting independent front and rear brake circuits.

3. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is preferably a gear pump.

4. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles as claimed in claim 2, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is preferably a gear pump.

5. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is preferably a piston pump.

6. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles as claimed in claim 2, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is preferably a piston pump.

7. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is mounted directly on the hub of each vehicle wheel; wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump has a plurality of pistons housed in each cylindrical cavity forming part of a housing; said cylindrical cavities are arranged preferably in a radial arrangement; each cylindrical cavity having an oil or similar fluid inlet and outlet orifice; said oil or similar fluid inlet orifices being communicated with the pump inlet; said oil or similar fluid outlet orifices being communicated with the pump outlet; the outer face of said pistons being in contact with both helicoidal springs; the inner face of said pistons being in contact with the outer ring of a bearing, preferably a roller bearing; said bearing being mounted on an eccentric cylindrical body forming part of the hub of the vehicle wheel.

8. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is mounted directly on the hub of each vehicle wheel; wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump has a plurality of pistons housed in each cylindrical cavity forming part of a housing; said cylindrical cavities are arranged preferably in a radial arrangement; each cylindrical cavity having an oil or similar fluid inlet and outlet orifice; said oil or similar fluid inlet orifices being communicated with the pump inlet; said oil or similar fluid outlet orifices being communicated with the pump outlet; the outer face of said pistons being in contact with both helicoidal springs; the inner face of said pistons being in contact with the outer ring of a bearing, preferably a roller bearing; said bearing being mounted on an eccentric cylindrical body forming part of the hub of the vehicle wheel.

9. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, as claimed in claim 5, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is mounted directly on the hub of each vehicle wheel; wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump has a plurality of pistons housed in each cylindrical cavity forming part of a housing; said cylindrical cavities are arranged preferably in a radial arrangement; each cylindrical cavity having an oil or similar fluid inlet and outlet orifice; said oil or similar fluid inlet orifices being communicated with the pump inlet; said oil or similar fluid outlet orifices being communicated with the pump outlet; the outer face of said pistons being in contact with both helicoidal springs; the inner face of said pistons being in contact with the outer ring of a bearing, preferably a roller bearing; said bearing being mounted on an eccentric cylindrical body forming part of the hub of the vehicle wheel.

10. A circulating fluid regulated braking device for air and land vehicles, as claimed in claim 6, wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump is mounted directly on the hub of each vehicle wheel; wherein said oil or similar fluid boost pump has a plurality of pistons housed in each cylindrical cavity forming part of a housing; said cylindrical cavities are arranged preferably in a radial arrangement; each cylindrical cavity having an oil or similar fluid inlet and outlet orifice; said oil or similar fluid inlet orifices being communicated with the pump inlet; said oil or similar fluid outlet orifices being communicated with the pump outlet; the outer face of said pistons being in contact with both helicoidal springs; the inner face of said pistons being in contact with the outer ring of a bearing, preferably a roller bearing; said bearing being mounted on an eccentric cylindrical body forming part of the hub of the vehicle wheel.