Patent Grant
9840028
The present invention relates to a technology for cleaving and dividing, during conveyance of a glass film, the glass film in a width direction by a thermal stress generated through localized heating performed along a preset cleaving line extending in the conveying direction and through cooling of a region heated by the localized heating.
As is well known, flat panel displays (FPDs) have become mainstream as image display devices in recent years, the FPDs being typified by a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an OLED display, and the like. Further, reducing the weight of those FPDs has been promoted. Therefore, currently, thinning of glass substrates used for the FPDs (forming the glass substrates as glass films) is promoted.
Further, there is a growing use of an OLED as a plane light source, such as a light source for interior illumination, which emits only monochrome (for example, white) light, unlike a display that uses TFTs to blink light of three fine primary colors. Further, when an illumination device of this type includes a glass substrate having flexibility, a light-emitting surface is freely deformable. Therefore, from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient flexibility, there is also promoted further thinning of the glass substrate to be used for the illumination device.
In this context, generally employed techniques for cleaving the glass substrates used for the FPDs, the illumination device, and the like include cleaving the glass substrate with a bending stress generated with respect to a scribe line formed at a predetermined depth in a surface of the glass substrate along a preset cleaving line.
However, it is significantly difficult to form the scribe line with respect to the glass substrate thinned to become a state of a glass film. Therefore, it is difficult to employ such a method of cleaving the glass substrate with a bending stress. Further, defects formed in cleaved surfaces (for example, lateral cracks) may cause a problem of marked deterioration in strength of glass.
In addition, when the glass film is required to be continuously cleaved while being successively conveyed, there is also a problem that it is difficult to continuously cause a bending stress to act on the scribe line formed with respect to the glass film.
As a countermeasure, instead of the cleaving method for a glass film, in which the above-mentioned bending stress is used, cleaving methods for a glass film, in which a thermal stress is used, are currently employed.
Specifically, as described in Patent Literature 1, there is proposed a method in which widthwise end edge portions of a belt-like flat glass are locally heated by a laser and cooled by a cooling device so as to generate a thermal stress, and the end edge portions are continuously cleaved by the thermal stress thus generated.
Further, according to Patent Literature 1, an advancing direction of the end edge portions divided from a body of the flat glass (available glass portion) as a result of cleaving the flat glass is changed perpendicularly downward in a horizontal zone. The end edge portions are cleaved in width directions at lower ends thereof to be discarded, and the available glass portion of the flat glass is conveyed in a horizontal direction as it is without being changed in advancing direction. After that, the available glass portion is cleaved in a width direction by a predetermined length. In this way, glass sheets as products are obtained.
Meanwhile, according to Patent Literature 2, a continuous glass ribbon is cut along predetermined lines by a thermal stress generated by application of a laser, and end edge portions of the glass ribbon thus cut are rotationally supported by a plurality of rollers and conveyed in a direction of being gradually spaced apart from a main portion of the glass ribbon toward a widthwise outer side. In this way, the end edge portions and the main portion are separated from each other.
Patent Literature 1: JP 2000-335928 A
Patent Literature 2: JP 49-75622 A
However, when the cleaving method described in Patent Literature 1 is employed, there is a risk that, of a plurality of divided glass films obtained by cleaving, one divided glass film and another divided glass film, which are adjacent to each other, interfere with each other. Specifically, as illustrated in
As described in Patent Literature 2, when the end edge portions of the glass ribbon after cutting are separated from the main portion of the glass ribbon in a manner of being pulled toward the widthwise outer side, the main portion being adjacent to the end edge portions, the problem of the interference can be avoided. However, when this method is employed as a separating method for the glass film cleaved by the technique described in Patent Literature 1, because glass is a brittle material, there is a high risk that stress other than the thermal stress generated at the time of laser cleaving is generated at a separation start position. Thus, the stress generated by the separating work has an influence in a form of being added to the thermal stress generated at the separation start position. As a result, there arises a risk that cleaving of the glass film becomes unstable.
In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, a technical object to be achieved of the invention described in this specification is to provide a cleaving method for a glass film, by which the stable cleaving work with respect to the glass film can be continuously performed while interference between the cleaved surfaces is avoided.
The above-mentioned problems may be solved by a cleaving method for a glass film according to the present invention. That is, the cleaving method for a glass film includes: cleaving, during conveyance of a glass film in a predetermined direction, the glass film continuously along a preset cleaving line extending in the predetermined conveying direction by a thermal stress generated through localized heating performed along the preset cleaving line and through cooling of a region heated by the localized heating; dividing the glass film in a width direction of the glass film; diverting, after the dividing, adjacent divided glass films, which are obtained by the dividing, so that the adjacent divided glass films are separated in a front and rear direction of the adjacent divided glass films; and forming a predetermined widthwise clearance between the adjacent divided glass films after the dividing and before the diverting.
Note that, the phrase “width direction” means a direction along a front surface and a rear surface of the glass film and orthogonal to the predetermined conveying direction of the glass film. Similarly, the phrase “predetermined widthwise clearance” means a widthwise clearance which appears in plan view of and between a pair of the divided glass films that have become adjacent to each other as a result of the dividing in the width direction by the cleaving. Further, a size of the clearance is not particularly limited as long as both the adjacent divided glass films do not substantially interfere with each other during conveyance after the dividing. Specifically, in plan view as describe above, it suffices that the size of the clearance is 0.02 mm or more, preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more.
According to the above-mentioned method, the divided glass films adjacent to each other in the width direction are conveyed in the predetermined conveying direction under a state in which the cleaved surfaces of the adjacent divided glass films are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. Thus, it is possible to significantly reduce a risk that the cleaved surfaces of the adjacent divided glass films come into contact with each other, for example, by rubbing against each other, and hence to avoid interference between the cleaved surfaces as much as possible, the interference inducing occurrence of defects. Thus, it is possible to suppress occurrence of minute defects in the adjacent divided glass films during the conveyance after the dividing, and hence to reduce a risk that existence of the minute defects leads to breakage of the adjacent divided glass films. Further, the forming of the predetermined clearance is carried out after the glass film is divided by the cleaving and before the adjacent divided glass films are diverted to be separated into the front and rear direction. Thus, unlike conventional cases, it is possible to avoid the stress generated by pulling the adjacent divided glass films toward the widthwise outer side from reaching the cleaving start position substantially. Thus, the glass film can be continuously and stably divided by cleaving.
In this context, various techniques can be employed as a method of forming the predetermined widthwise clearance at a position at which the glass film is cleaved, an example of which includes a technique of forming the predetermined widthwise clearance by curving at least one of the adjacent divided glass films along a width direction thereof. A belt-like flat glass, which is thinned to an extent of being called a glass film, has reasonable flexibility in a width direction thereof even when being relatively narrow, and hence can be curved along the width direction. Thus, in this case, when the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films is deformed along the width direction into a concave shape or a convex shape by being curved as described above, widthwise end portions thereof move toward a widthwise central region (refer to
In this case, the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films may be curved along the width direction by being supported by a roller having different outer diameter dimensions depending on widthwise positions. Alternatively, a partial region in the width direction of the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films may be supported by a roller so that the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films is curved along the width direction. When the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films is curved along the width direction as described above by being supported by the rollers, it is unnecessary to provide specific means for imparting a curving force separately from the conveyance means. Further, when the partial region in the width direction of the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films is supported by the roller as described later, the roller is prevented from unnecessarily coming into contact with a surface of a glass film. As a result, qualities of the glass film (surface accuracy and the like) can be maintained.
Further, in a case where the partial region in the width direction of the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films is partially supported by the roller as described above, only the widthwise end portions of the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films may be supported by a roller. Such supporting enables the at least one of the adjacent divided glass films to be naturally curved along the width direction through distortion by its own weight.
Hereinabove, description is made of a case where at least one of the adjacent divided glass films is curved along the width direction in order to form the widthwise clearance. In this context, as a matter of course, other methods can be employed.
For example, the predetermined widthwise clearance may be formed by subjecting the cleaved glass film to thermal deformation. This method enables the predetermined widthwise clearance to be formed without applying any external force at all to the adjacent divided glass films while conveying the adjacent divided glass films in the predetermined conveying direction. The thermal deformation is imparted by at least one of thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage along with at least one of the heating and the cooling. Thus, the predetermined widthwise clearance can be formed, with the adjacent divided glass films being in a flat state. Further, unlike the means using curving, a size of the widthwise clearance can be adjusted only with a temperature difference. Thus, the method using thermal deformation is advantageous also in being performed without dimensional restrictions of the glass film, such as a restriction on a ratio of a widthwise dimension with respect to a dimension in a thickness direction.
Further, as described hereinabove, when the adjacent divided glass films are diverted after the predetermined widthwise clearance is formed, the diversion start position may be separated by a distance 50 times or more as large as a thickness dimension of the glass film from the cleaving start position. The cleaving of this type is performed for cutting the glass film with use of continuous propagation of an initial crack through cooling the region that has been locally heated previously. In this context, when the diversion start position of the adjacent divided glass films (in other words, position at which the separation work is started) is close to the cleaving start position, a curving stress generated in the adjacent divided glass films at the time of the diverting reaches the cleaving start position. As a result, there arises a risk that the cleaving work cannot be accurately performed owing to addition of stress other than the thermal stress generated at the time of laser cleaving. However, when the spacing distance is secured, failures of this type can be avoided, and the cleaving can be stably performed.
Alternatively, the adjacent divided glass films that have undergone the diverting may be rolled into roll shapes. In this case, when the widthwise clearance is formed in a region between the cleaving start position and the diversion start position, both the adjacent divided glass films can be rolled into roll shapes while avoiding interference between the cleaved surfaces.
As described hereinabove, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cleaving method for a glass film, by which the stable cleaving work with respect to the glass film can be continuously performed while interference between the cleaved surfaces is avoided.
Hereinbelow, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that, in the following embodiments, an object is assumed as a glass film having a thickness of 300 μm or less, preferably 200 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less, which is to be used for a FPD, an OLED illumination device, a solar cell, or the like. Further, for ease of understanding of the following description related to the present invention, in the accompanying drawings, the thickness of the glass film is exaggerated.
Note that, in this embodiment, a carbon dioxide laser is used as the locally heating means 3, but alternatively, there may be used means capable of performing another type of localized heating such as heating with a heating wire or hot air blast. Further, the cooling means 4 jets the cooling water W as the coolant using an air pressure or the like. In this context, the coolant may include a cooling liquid other than the cooling water, a gas such as air or an inert gas, a mixture of a gas and a liquid, a mixture of a solid such as solid carbon dioxide or ice and the gas and/or the liquid, or the like.
The conveyance means 2 is formed of a conveyor 6 for supporting and conveying the glass film G. A conveyor belt 7 of the conveyor 6 is driven in a direction of conveying the glass film G into the predetermined conveying direction “a” along a preset cleaving line 8. Note that, an outer surface of the conveyor belt 7 may be used as a support surface for holding the glass film G by attraction or the like. Further, the glass film G is not necessarily supported over an entire widthwise region by the conveyor belt 7 (conveyor 6). For example, although not shown, the glass film G may be supported at widthwise end portions by a pair of the conveyors 6 so that a predetermined space is formed on a rear surface side of the preset cleaving line 8 of the glass film G over an entire conveying direction of the conveyor 6. This is because the predetermined space thus formed suppresses thermal efficiency from being reduced by the conveyor belt 7 which absorbs thermal energy generated by heating with the locally heating means 3 and cooling with the cooling means 4.
In this embodiment, the clearance forming means 5 includes a plurality of conveying rollers 9, and the plurality of conveying rollers 9 constitute the conveyance means 2 as a roller conveyor for the glass film G together with the conveyor 6. Specifically, the uncleaned glass film G is conveyed in the conveying direction “a” while being supported by the conveyor 6 including the conveyor belt 7, and the glass film G having undergone cleaving (divided glass films 10) is conveyed in the same direction by the roller conveyor formed of the plurality of conveying rollers 9. In this context, as illustrated in
In the cleaving apparatus 1 structured as described above, the conveyor belt 7 of the conveyor 6 is driven in a predetermined direction, and the glass film G is conveyed in the predetermined conveying direction “a”. With this, prior to jetting of the cooling water W from the cooling means 4, scanning with a laser L applied from the locally heating means 3 is performed from one end portion side of the preset cleaving line 8 of the glass film G. In this way, the locally heated region H is formed at a position to which the laser L has been applied, and a locally cooled region C is formed at a position to which the locally heated region H conveyed by a predetermined distance along the conveying direction “a” has come (in other words, position in the locally heated region H to which the cooling water W is supplied). In this case, for example, although not shown, when an initial crack is formed in advance on the preset cleaving line 8 at one end portion in a longitudinal direction of the glass film G, the initial crack is propagated by a thermal stress generated at the time of formation of the above-mentioned locally heated region H and locally cooled region C. In this way, cleaved surfaces 11 are formed on the preset cleaving line 8 to pass from the front surface to the rear surface of the glass film G, and the glass film G is continuously cleaved along the preset cleaving line 8 (what is called full-body cleaving). Further, the glass film G is cleaved with the flatness thereof being maintained, and hence precise cleaving work can be performed while a distance between the glass film G and the locally heating means 3 using, for example, the laser or the cooling means 4 is accurately maintained. In particular, when the glass film G is conveyed under a state of being held by attraction to the conveyor belt 7, the cleaving work can be performed in a more stable state.
By being cleaved as described above, the cleaved glass film G is divided into the plurality of divided glass films 10 (two in this illustration). The divided glass films 10 is continuously conveyed in the predetermined conveying direction “a” by the plurality of conveying rollers 9 positioned on a downstream side of the conveyor 6. In this state, the cleaved surfaces 11 of the divided glass films 10 are significantly close to each other in a width direction, and hence there is a risk that the cleaved surfaces 11 interfere with each other by relative movement. As a countermeasure, the plurality of conveying rollers 9 for conveying the divided glass films 10 constitute the clearance forming means 5. In accordance with conveyance of the divided glass films 10, a predetermined widthwise clearance is formed between the divided glass films 10. Specifically, as illustrated in
After that, as illustrated in
Further, during the above-mentioned processes, when a diversion start position of the divided glass films 10, in other words, a separation start position X1 is separated from a position X2 at which the cleaved surfaces 11 start to be formed (cleaving start position X2) by a distance 50 times or more as large as a thickness dimension of the glass film G in the conveying direction “a”, during the above-mentioned separation work, a bending stress generated by changing the conveying direction of the divided glass films 10 is prevented from substantially reaching the cleaving start position X2. Thus, the cleaving can be stably performed. In this embodiment, the plurality of conveying rollers 9 as the clearance forming means 5 are arranged on the downstream side in the conveying direction “a” relative to the cleaving start position X2, and the separation start position X1 is provided on a further downstream side of the conveying rollers 9. Thus, a distance D between the positions X1 and X2 reliably satisfies conditions regarding the above-mentioned spacing distance. Note that, the above-mentioned distance D is preferably set to be 100 times or more as large as the thickness dimension of the glass film G, more preferably set to be 500 times or more as large as the thickness dimension of the glass film G.
In this embodiment, a track of one divided glass film 10 (divided glass film 10 on a lower right side in
Further, as illustrated in
Further, as illustrated in
Hereinabove, description is made of an embodiment of the cleaving method for a glass film and the cleaving apparatus for a glass film according to the present invention. As a matter of course, the cleaving method and the cleaving apparatus are not limited to the mode exemplified above, and may be used in any mode without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the clearance forming means 5, when the divided glass films 10 are supported at predetermined widthwise positions by the plurality of conveying rollers 9, as a matter of course, a configuration other than that in the example illustrated in
As a matter of course, the widthwise end portions 10a of all the divided glass films 10 obtained by cleaving in the width direction are not necessarily supported by the rollers. As long as widthwise clearances each having a size required for performing subsequent processes in conveyance without failures can be secured, it is possible to support the widthwise end portions 10a and 10a of only part of the divided glass films 10 by the rollers, an example of which is illustrated in
Further, in the description above, description is made of a case where the clearance forming means 5 is formed of the conveying rollers 9 (9a and 9b) for supporting the widthwise end portions 10a of the divided glass films 10. In this context, for example, the clearance forming means 5 may be formed so that only the widthwise central region 10b of each of the divided glass films 10 is supported by the roller, an example of which is illustrated in
Still further, in the description above, description is made of a case where the clearance forming means 5 is formed so that parts of the widthwise region of the divided glass film 10 are supported by the rollers. In this context, as a matter of course, the clearance forming means 5 may be formed so that substantially the entire widthwise region of the divided glass film 10 is supported by the rollers, an example of which is illustrated in
Note that, in any cases employing the above-mentioned modes, it is preferred to set roller diameters, shapes of outer peripheral surfaces to serve as support surfaces, widthwise support positions, and the like such that a difference in positions in the thickness direction (in this case, positions in the vertical direction) between the widthwise end portions 10a and the widthwise central region 10b of the divided glass film 10 in a state of being supported by the conveying rollers 9 (9a to 9e) is one time or more as large as the thickness dimension of the glass film G and 0.01 times or less as large as the widthwise dimension of the divided glass film 10. This is because, when the difference in the positions in the thickness direction between the widthwise end portions 10a and the widthwise central region 10b is less than one time as large as the thickness dimension of the glass film G, it is impossible to eliminate a risk that the cleaved surface 11 of the curved one divided glass film 10 and the cleaved surface 11 of the another divided glass film 10 adjacent to the curved one divided glass film 10 come into contact with each other. This is also because, when the difference in the positions in the thickness direction is larger than 0.01 times as large as the widthwise dimension of the divided glass film 10, the divided glass film 10 excessively warps in the width direction, and hence it is difficult to further curve the divided glass film 10 in the curved state along the conveying direction.
Yet further, in the description above, description is made of a case where the clearance forming means 5 is formed of the conveying rollers 9 (9a to 9e) for supporting the divided glass film 10, in other words, a case where the clearance forming means 5 doubles as the conveyance means 2. Alternatively, as a matter of course, the clearance forming means 5 can be provided separately from the conveyance means 2.
As described above, when the predetermined widthwise clearance is formed by subjecting the divided glass films 10 to thermal deformation, the widthwise clearance S can be formed without bringing any member into contact with the glass film G (or the divided glass films 10 of the glass film G). Thus, it is possible to avoid occurrence of flaws and adhesion of foreign matter with respect to the divided glass films 10. Further, the glass film G can be conveyed up to the separation start position X1 of the divided glass films 10 by the conveyor 6, and hence the conveying rollers 9 can be omitted so as to simplify the conveyance means 2. As a matter of course, by combining the cleaving method according to the first embodiment (technique for forming a widthwise clearance by curving) with the cleaving method according to this embodiment (second embodiment) (technique for forming a widthwise clearance by thermal shrinkage), a larger widthwise clearance S can be formed.
Note that, in this illustration, the heated region 21 and the cooled region 22 are formed over the entire widthwise region of the glass film G, but alternatively, for example, when the glass film G is divided into three by cleaving as in the illustration, the cooled region 22 may be formed over an entire widthwise region of only the widthwise central divided glass film 10. Further, when the glass film G is cleaved, for example, during a forming step described below, cleaving may be performed in a phase in which a temperature of the glass film G has reached a predetermined value (for example, at approximately 100° C.), and then the above-mentioned cooled region 22 may be provided. Also in this way, the temperature of the glass film G (or divided glass films 10 formed of the glass film G) can be reduced by a predetermined value. With this, the predetermined widthwise clearance S can be formed. Further, in this case, the heated region 21 needs not be formed.
In the description above, the predetermined widthwise clearance S is formed by uniformly heating the uncleaned glass film G and by uniformly cooling the divided glass films 10. Alternatively, a temperature gradient may be set in the thickness direction of the divided glass films 10 by heating one surface (front surface or rear surface) of each of the divided glass films 10 and by cooling another surface thereof. With this, the divided glass films 10 are deformed into the shapes as illustrated in
Further, other than the methods described above, for example, a method of forming a predetermined widthwise clearance by chemical dissolution of the cleaved surfaces can be conceived. Specifically, the following method can be cited as an example: jetting an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid or an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric-sulfuric acid, which has a predetermined concentration (approximately 10%), through a nozzle toward between the cleaved surfaces 11 of the divided glass films 10 adjacent to each other, to thereby form a widthwise clearance between the cleaved surfaces 11 and widen the widthwise clearance. This technique is more effective when being used in combination with any one or both the clearance forming means 5 described hereinabove.
Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, description is made of a case where the glass film G is continuously fed by being drawn out of the source glass-film roll 17. Alternatively, as illustrated in
Still further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, description is made of a case where all the divided glass films 10 obtainedby cleaving are finally rolled into roll shapes as products. In this context, as a matter of course, the cleaving method according to the present invention is applicable to cutting and separation of end edge portions (what is called ear portions) of the glass film G.
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