Patent Application
20180170801
The present invention relates to a coating apparatus also called coating tunnel or coating hood for applying a protective coating to hollow glass containers.
In particular it relates to a coating apparatus also called coating tunnel or coating hood with the re-use of the coating material containing exhaust from the end of the coating tunnel for applying the protective coatings to glass containers.
More particularly the present invention relates to a coating apparatus also called coating tunnel or coating hood with a specific partial separation of the carrier gas flow of one loop into two respective loops.
Hollow glass containers are produced from molten glass at moulds at high temperatures. As the surface of these containers is fragile and in order to preserve the strength of the glass and to prevent any direct glass to glass contact of the respective containers in order to avoid damage, they are surface coated directly after forming of the container.
Such a coating that includes tin or tin tetrachloride, titanium or other heat decomposable metallic or organometallic compounds protects the glass container surface in from damage such as abrasions and scratches, which result in a loss of tensile strength for the glass container. The need for high tensile strength in a glass container is particularly acute when containers are mass produced, move rapidly in close proximity along high speed conveyor lines.
This coating application is done inside a coating apparatus also called a coating tunnel or coating hood with a so called hot end coating by chemical vapor deposition usually in forming a thin layer of a metal oxide, for example tin oxide. The objective is to coat the outside of the bottle with a homogenous even layer except for the so called finish.
The coating tunnel or coating hood receives the glass containers via a conveyer belt from the glass container making equipment with a relatively high speed, meaning between 0.3 up to 1.5 m/s which corresponds to approximately 90 to 700 glass containers per minute. The temperature of the containers excess 400° C. at the surface of the containers, so that when the heat decomposable inorganic metallic or organometallic compound (coating compound) is applied thereto, said compound reacts immediately and is converted to a metal oxide coating. The coating compound is fed in the coating tunnel and circulates inside with the aid of a carrier gas around the passing glass containers.
As the glass containers pass the coating hood at this high speed they risk to draw the coating compound out of the tunnel when leaving the hood through the outlet. The coating compound can attack building components and give health and safety issues. A venting system has to be installed for above mentioned reasons. For avoiding and minimizing this, the carrier gas comprising the coating compound is sucked into an exhaust system and is discarded. Consequently the coating compounds and chemicals are lost and the coating performance in view of introduced coating chemical is rather low.
On the other side when entering the tunnel through the inlet the glass containers draw in fresh air from the outside. In doing so they dilute the coating compound inside the tunnel. In order to apply a minimum necessary coating thickness on the glass containers more coatings compound has to be introduced in order to guarantee the required concentration of the coating chemical in the coating hood or tunnel for the chemical vapor deposition.
There is still the need for more efficient glass coating hoods, with low losses of the coating compound material to the atmosphere.
An objective of the present invention is to have a more homogenous distribution of the coating on the surface of the glass containers.
Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the variation of the thickness of the coating on the glass container surface.
Another objective of the present invention is to lower the discharge of the coating chemical.
An objective of the present invention is to have a lower consumption of the coating chemical while applying the same thickness of coating to the glass container.
Still another objective of the present invention is to lower the emissions of chemicals in the coating area and near the coating tunnel or coating hood.
Again another objective of the present invention is to efficiently reduce the extent of exchange between ambient air and the gas in the tunnel especially at the entry.
An additional objective of the present invention is to provide a coating hood with a better efficiency, coating more bottles at the same time.
Surprisingly it has been found that with a separation of a specific lateral flow of the carrier gas comprising coating compound after it has passed through the coating tunnel by a separator into two distinctive flows, the before mentioned problems can be solved.
Coating apparatus for glass containers and the respective standard components are well known from the prior art.
The document U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,234 describes a glass coating hood possessing two or multiple loops. The coating is first fed into an innermost loop and then in an outermost loop. There is also a possibility of using a third loop, but all loops are recirculating loops in order to make better use of the coating material. Consequently the concentration of the coating compound decreases which each recirculating loop. At the end the non used coating compound enters an exhaust system.
The document U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,940 describes also a double loop coating hood, as described before. The coating apparatus based on its respective embodiments contains single or multiple air circulating loops.
The document EP0378116 describes a hot end coating apparatus. The hot end coating apparatus has two additional separate air circuits in the inlet and outlet region of a vapour-deposition hood. The air circuits produce two opposite flow zones flowing through the vapour-deposition hood in the transverse direction, the inner flow zone being enriched to the maximum degree with a coating agent and the outer flow zone forming a protective air curtain consisting of the used air from the coating zone, the degree of enrichment of the said air being correspondingly lower. However two additional feed points of the coating agent are needed one for each circuit.
The document WO2001/0255503 describes a glass container coating hood having additional loops; in one embodiment one loop of air or in another embodiment the hood uses counter current loops of air for carrying the coating.
The document WO96/33955 describes a method and apparatus for applying a layer to bottles. The method is made by a coating apparatus that comprises a gas curtain screening apparatus arranged before the inlet and/or after the outlet of the coating tunnel. The gas curtain is fed by pure gas, no coating causing chemical is added, nitrogen or ambient air are exemplified, in order to avoid clogging of the outflow openings.
The document WO2014/177651 discloses a coating hood having an air entry and a loop returning the air enriched with the coating compound and carrier gas from the outlet to the inlet of the coating hood.
None of the cited prior art discloses a coating apparatus having a separator of the carrier gas flow coming from the coating tunnel, separating the carrier gas flow in at least two flows.
Surprisingly it has been discovered that the a coating apparatus for applying a coating glass on containers with a chemical compound comprising:
Surprisingly it has also been discovered that the a coating apparatus for applying a coating glass on containers with a chemical compound comprising:
It has also been found that a process of applying a coating on the surface of glass containers comprising the steps of:
Surprisingly it has also been discovered that the introduction of such a separator to the coating tunnel of a coating apparatus for applying a coating on glass containers with a chemical compound, yields to a more homogenous distribution of the coating on the surface of the glass containers and/or reduces the consumption of the coating chemical and/or lower the discharge of the coating chemical.
The invention is best understood from the following detailed description when read in connected with the accompanying drawings with the following figures:
In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a coating apparatus for applying a coating glass on containers with a chemical compound comprising:
In a second aspect the present invention relates to a process of applying a coating on the surface of glass containers comprising the steps of:
According to another aspect the present invention relates to a glass container on which a coating has been applied on its surface by a process comprising the steps of:
According to an additional aspect the present invention relates to the use of a coating apparatus for applying a coating on the surface of a glass container, said coating apparatus is comprising:
According to a variation of the present invention the coating apparatus can also comprise one or more recirculating loops (8). The recirculating loop or loops (8) is or are after the primary loop (7) and before the carrier gas flow that is separated, in the sense of the direction of the passing containers on the conveyer belt. Such a recirculating loop (8) is not shown in
By the generic term “air” as used is denoted the carrier gas that is used for the coating compound. It is obvious that any inert gas or a gas that is inert to the coating compound, the container and the interior of the coating hood, such as nitrogen could be used. Because of its convenience and low cost however the preferred gas is air.
By the term “coating compound” as used in the present invention is denoted a chemical compound that is introduced in the coating apparatus. The coating compound is used directly to coat a surface or it is transformed during the coating application in another compound that forms the coating.
By the term “exhaust” as used is denoted the carrier gas that is still loaded with a minor quantity of the coating compound not applied to the glass container that escapes at the entry and especially the outlet of the coating tunnel, where the containers enter and sort.
By the term “loop” as used in the present invention is denoted a circuit for the carrier gas or air loaded with the coating compound that enters and leaves the coating tunnel. Such a loop comprises at least a jet slot and a least one receiving slot that are located on the opposite side wall of the hood. The loop could comprises also conduits in form of tubes and pipes. These conduits in form of tubes and pipes are necessary to transport the carrier gas from the receiving slot to the jet slot
By the term “primary loop” as used in the present invention is denoted a circuit that comprises at least a feed point of the coating compound and circulates the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound. The loop or circuit enters and leaves twice the coating tunnel by respective jet slots and receiving slots. In other words the loop or circuit makes a complete 360° turn.
By the term “recirculating loop” as used in the present invention is denoted a circuit that does not comprise any feed point and that recirculates the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound coming from the primary loop.
By the term “return loop” as used is denoted a circuit of carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound that enters once and leaves once the coating tunnel. The return loop or circuit makes a 360° turn. The end and the beginning of this loop have a common point
By the term “recycle loop” as used is denoted a circuit of carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound that enters once and leaves once the coating tunnel. The recycle loop or circuit makes a 180° turn. The end and the beginning of this loop have no common point.
By the term “separator” as used is denoted a mean that separates one flow of carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound in at least two distinctive flows in different directions.
With regard to the coating apparatus from the prior art, an embodiment of said coating apparatus is shown in
Still with regard to the coating apparatus from the prior art, another embodiment of such a coating apparatus is shown in
With regard to the coating apparatus of the present invention, it is shown schematically in
Optionally the coating apparatus of the present invention can comprise one or more recirculating loops.
In a one embodiment the coating hood according to the invention comprises additionally one or more recirculating loops.
The position of the recirculating loop or recirculating loops can be behind the primary loop (in view of the movement of the conveyer belt) or around the primary loop, latter possibility as shown in
Additionally the coating apparatus comprises at least one jet slot (50) and receiver slot (55), which are not shown in the
Preferably each loop of the coating apparatus comprises at least one jet slot and receiver slot. Each loop applies especially to the inner loop (7) and the respective recirculating loops.
Additionally the coating apparatus comprises blowing means or blowers (12). These blowers (12) keep the carrier gas with the coating compound circulating inside the hood and make it passing through the respective loops. The blower can either push the carrier gas with coating compound forward inside the centre section of the tunnel where the conveyer belt with the container passes or suck it outside.
Preferably each loop comprises at least one blower (12).
Preferably the coating apparatus of the present invention comprises at least three loops: one primary loop (7), one return loop (30) and one recycle loop (40). With regard to the loops, the schematic drawing in
The concentration of the coating compound in the carrier gas circulated in the return loop (30) and the recycle loop (40) is less than in the primary loop (7). The expression “carrier gas loaded with the coating compound” means that the carrier gas comprises the coating compound, without any information of the concentration of said coating compound in the carrier gas.
In the embodiment shown in
The coating apparatus of the present invention comprises at least a separator (25). The separator (25) separates carrier gas comprising the coating compound. The separator (25) separates carrier gas comprising the coating compound that at least one part carrier gas comprising the coating compound is continuing into the return loop (30) and at least another part carrier gas comprising the coating compound is continuing into recycle loop (40).
With regard to the separator (25), it is situated behind or downstream in view of the flow of carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound that crosses more or less perpendicularly the central part of the coating tunnel, where the containers are passing on the conveyer belt. Preferably the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound, that is separated by the separator (25) is coming from the coating tunnel through one or several receiver slots (55). These receiver slots (55) are situated at the side of the coating tunnel between the primary loop and the exit outlet.
The separator (25) separates the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound coming from the central part of coating tunnel where the containers are passing on the conveyer belt. The separator (25) separates the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound in two distinctive flows.
The carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound that is separated by the separator (25) has a lower even much lower concentration of the coating compound than the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound in the primary loop or inner loop (7). This is due to the feed point (4) in the inner loop (7), where the coating compound is added.
Preferably the separator is not close to the feed point (4).
Preferably the separator (25) separates the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound which has mixed with fresh air from air inlet (10).
Preferably the separator (25) is not part of the primary loop or inner loop (7).
The separator can have different forms. Two examples are given in
The separator does not to be a separate piece, if it just fulfills its function. For example one end of a straight conduit or tube connected the middle section of another straight conduit or tube forms automatically the separator around bonding section of the two conduits.
The coating compound is introduced through at least one feed point (4) in to the coating apparatus. This can be an internal feed point as in
In one embodiment the feed point (4) is based at the primary loop (7) as an internal feed point as shown in
In another embodiment the coating compound is introduced by hot recirculating air as a side stream to dose the coating compound in, which is an external feed.
The concentration of the coating compound in the carrier gas or air is the highest in the primary loop. The concentration of the coating compound in the carrier gas or air is less in the other loops. As the conveyer belt passes through the part of the coating tunnel where the primary loop is situated with relatively high speed, a part of the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound or air loaded with the coating compound is carried down the central part of the coating tunnel.
The hollow glass containers are transported in a single or double line by a conveyer through a tunnel formed in the coating hood under the housing. The conveyer carries the bottles in the direction designated by the arrow, in
With regard to the return loop (30), it goes from the separator (25) to the other side of the coating tunnel and the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound is reintroduced in to the coating tunnel through a jet slot.
The carrier gas loaded with the coating compound coming from the return loop (30) is reintroduced in to the coating tunnel between the primary loop (7) and the end or outlet (6) of the coating tunnel. By end or outlet (6) is meant the part of the hood where the coated containers are leaving the hood. The reintroduction of carrier gas loaded with the coating compound into the coating tunnel is made through a jet slot (50).
If the coating apparatus should have a recirculating loop, the carrier gas coming from the return loop (30) is reintroduced in to the coating tunnel between the recirculating loop and the end or outlet (6) of the coating tunnel.
After passing the coating tunnel the return loop with carrier gas loaded with the coating compound coming leaves through a receiver slot (55). Afterwards the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound coming is preferably mixed with carrier gaz and fresh air coming from air entry (10), before being separated again by separator (25).
With regard to the recycle loop (40), it goes from the separator (25) of the coating hood to the proximity of the entry or inlet (5) of the coating hood (1) with a perpendicular introduction in view of the movement of the containers on the conveyer belt. By entry or inlet is meant the opening where the not yet coated containers enter the coating hood. By proximity is meant that the recycle loop (40) goes to a place between the primary loop (7) and the entry (5). The recycle loop comprises at least one exhaust and jet slot. These slots are not shown in
The carrier gas loaded with the coating compound coming from the recycle loop (40) is reintroduced in to the coating tunnel between the primary loop (7) and the entry or inlet (5) of the coating tunnel. By the entry or inlet (5) is meant the part of the hood where the containers are entering the hood.
If the coating apparatus should have a recirculating loop, the carrier gas coming from the recycle loop (40) is reintroduced in to the coating tunnel between the recirculating loop and the entry or inlet (5) of the coating tunnel.
Preferably the coating hood according to the invention comprises an inlet for fresh air (10).
Fresh air (10) is introduced before the end of the coating hood, which is enriched with the hot carrier gas coming from the central area of the coating hood. Preferably the fresh air is introduced by a jet slot. Advantageously the fresh air is introduced by a jet slot at the opposite side of the separator (25). The air is enriched with the coating compound still present in the hot carrier gas.
The jet slot of the air inlet is in proximity of the outlet of the coating tunnel. By proximity is meant that the air inlet is between the outlet of the coating tunnel and the last loop, which is the return loop (30), in direction of the movement of the conveyer belt.
Preferably the inlet for the fesh air (10) is situated between the outlet (6) of the coating tunnel and the last loop introducing or reintroducing the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound in to the coating tunnel through a jet slot (50).
The air inlet at the outlet creates a lateral air flow in view of the bottle transport direction, meaning the movement of the conveyer belt. This lateral air flow creates a kind of curtain reducing the amount of carrier gas comprising still non used coating compound that might escape the coating apparatus or has to be exhausted.
The air coming from the air inlet is also mixed (35) with the carrier gas loaded with the coating compound coming from the return loop (30)that is reintroduced in the coating tunnel. The mixing starts or takes place before the separator (25).
The separator (25) separates this mixture of air enriched with the coating compound and recycled carrier gas in at least two loops. The first loop is the return loop (30). The second loop is the recycle loop (40) going to the inlet of the coating hood.
At least a part of the non used coating compound is reentering the coating process and is not lost or have not to be exhausted and discarded.
The return loop (30) comprises at least one blower (12) for circulating the mixture of air and carrier gas loaded with the coating compound from the separator around the hood for reintroducing it into the coating hood.
When the containers enter into the hood on a fast speed conveyer belt fresh air is sucked in at the inlet by a coating apparatus according to the prior art as in
The recycle loop (40) according to the invention transports the air enriched with the coating compound and carrier gas from the outlet to the inlet of the coating hood. A kind of gas curtain is established at the inlet of the coating hood. This gas curtain comprises already hot carrier gas with a certain content of coating compound. This reduces enormously the amount of fresh air which is sucked in at the inlet. This avoids the dilution of the carrier gas of the first loop in direction of the conveyer belt.
The gas curtain at the inlet creates a lateral air flow in view of the bottle transport direction, meaning the movement of the conveyer belt.
Additionally the containers just entering the coating apparatus at the inlet might already begin to get slightly coated as this gas curtain comprises already hot carrier gas with a certain content of non used coating compound.
Additionally the temperature of the carrier gas in side the coating apparatus decreases less by the introduction of ambient air as this gas curtain comprises already hot carrier gas with a certain content of non used coating compound.
In one embodiment the recycle loop comprises preferably at its end an exhaust mean (11).
Additionally the coating apparatus according to the invention can comprise means for exhaust. This can be either at the inlet or at the outlet or at the inlet and the outlet additional exhaust means are present.
With regard to the coating compound introduced in the coating apparatus at one or more feedings points, it can be chosen from organometallic compounds, metal halides or other suitable compounds as coating compound precursor.
Preferably the coating compound is an organic tin halogenide, advantageously it is monobutyl tin trichloride.
With regard to the coating formed at the surface of the containers and applied in the hood it is a metal oxide as SnO2, TiO2, Al2O3 or ZnO. The metal oxide is derived from the decomposition inorganic or organometallic compounds.
Preferable the coating is tin oxide. The tin oxide is derived from the decomposition inorganic or organic tin compound advantageously of an organic tin halogenide, more advantageously from monobutyl tin trichloride.
With regard to the process of applying a coating on the surface of glass containers, it comprises the steps of:
The process of applying a coating on the surface of glass containers, it preferably it comprises also the step d) introducing fresh air (10) at the proximity of the outlet (6) of the coating tunnel. By proximity is meant that the introduction of fresh air take place between the outlet and the last loop that enters the coating tunnel.
Advantageously said air is mixed with at least a part of carrier gas comprising the coating generating compound.
More advantageously said air is mixed with at least a part of carrier gas comprising the coating generating compound which is reintroduced into the coating tunnel with a jet slot coming from the return loop.
Optionally step b) comprises also one or more recirculating loops (8).
In one optionally embodiment the process of applying a coating on the surface of glass containers, it comprises after blowing the gas comprising the coating generating compound with the primary loop through the coating tunnel, additionally the step of blowing the gas comprising the coating generating compound with one or more recirculating loops through the coating tunnel.
The process of applying a coating on the surface of glass containers is preferably made with the coating apparatus describe earlier.
With regard to the glass container on which a coating has been applied on its surface by a process comprising the steps of:
Preferably the glass container on which a coating has been applied on its surface by a process that comprises additionally a step of blowing the gas comprising the coating generating compound with one or more recirculating loops (8) through the coating tunnel, after the primary loop (7) and before the separator.
With regard to the glass container on which a coating has been applied on its surface by a coating apparatus comprising:
a housing (2) with a coating tunnel
Preferably the glass container on which a coating has been applied on its surface by a coating apparatus that comprises additionally one or more recirculating loops (8) after the primary loop (7) and before the separator.
The coating apparatus according to the invention is used to apply a coating on the surface of a glass containers.
Coating compound is introduced into the coating apparatus (1) or hood at a feed point (4). The hood (1) comprises a housing (2) and a conveyer belt (3) running there through. Containers (20) are transported on the belt, which moves them from the entrance or inlet (5) to the exit outlet (6) of the hood (1).
The containers (20) are only presented diagrammatically by circles.
The hood also comprises one primary loop (7) with a least one feed point (4) for the coating compound, one or more recirculating loops (8) and exhaust means (11) in proximity of the inlet (5) end outlet (6).
Coating compound is introduced into the coating apparatus (1) or hood at a feed point (4). The hood (1) comprises a housing (2) and a conveyer belt (3) running there through. Containers (20) are transported on the belt that moves them from the entrance or inlet (5) to the exit outlet (6) of the hood (1).
The containers (20) are only presented diagrammatically by circles.
The hood also comprises one primary loop (7) with a least one feed point (4) for the coating compound, one or more recirculating loops (8) and a half open loop (9) going from the outlet (6) to the inlet (5) of the coating tunnel.
Coating compound is introduced into the coating apparatus (1) or hood at a feed point (4). The hood (1) comprises a housing (2) and a conveyer belt (3) running there through. Containers (20) are transported on the belt that moves them from the entrance or inlet (5) to the exit outlet (6) of the hood (1).
The containers (20) are only presented diagrammatically by circles.
The hood also comprises one primary loop (7) or inner loop with a least one feed point (4) for the coating compound, one entry of fresh air (10). Passing through the hood after the primary loop (7) is a carrier gas flow which is separated after passing the central part of the hood where the containers (20) are passing on the conveyer belt (3) in at least two flows by a separator (25). The first of the two flows (40) so called recycle loop is going to the entry (5) (entering the hood laterally between entry and inner loop) and the second flow (30) so called return loop is returned to its entry point.
The hood also comprises an air entry (10) between the outlet (6) and the entry point of the return loop. The air is mixed (35) with the carrier gas comprising coating compound before coming to separator (25).
The separator (25) given in top view at the left and perspective view at the right may have the form of a “T” or a “Y” as given by the schemes in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15173661.8 | Jun 2015 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/064595 | 6/23/2016 | WO | 00 |
