The present disclosure concerns medical devices that serve to mix two or more components. In particular, it concerns medical devices in which components are passed through separate lumens and then mixed during a procedure for treating a patient.
As further background, there are a variety of medical applications in which two or more flowable components are mixed together for treatment of the patient. As examples, tissue ablation systems have been suggested in which chemicals which react exothermally with each other are mixed and injected into the patient to destroy undesired tissue such as cancerous or precancerous tissue. As additional examples, systems for injection of bone cements have also been suggested wherein two components are mixed just prior to introduction into the patient, whereupon the mixture hardens.
Needs exist for improved or alternative medical devices for achieving admixture of two or more flowable components as a part of a patient treatment regimen. In certain aspects, the present disclosure is addressed to these needs.
In certain aspects, the present disclosure relates to multi-lumen medical devices that include first and second lumens for passage of first and second reagent materials, respectively. The devices also include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first and second lumens, and a mixing element in the chamber that mixes the first and second reagent materials during flow.
Additional aspects of the disclosure as well as features and advantages thereof will be apparent from the further descriptions herein.
Reference will now be made to certain embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of this disclosure and the claims is thereby intended, such alterations, further modifications and further applications of the principles described herein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure relates. In several figures, where there are the same or similar elements, those elements are designated with the same or similar reference numerals.
Referring now to
Multi-lumen mixing device 130 generally includes an elongate element 140, for example a needle or catheter, defining first lumen 142 and cannula 150 defining lumen 152. The proximal end of multi-lumen mixing device 130 includes hub 132 generally including coupling 134, cannula support 136 and coupling 133. Coupling 134 provides access to first lumen 142. Cannula support 136 supports and secures cannula 150 within elongate element 140 in a coaxial arrangement. Coupling 133 provides access to second lumen 152. Tube 138 couples reservoir 112 to second lumen 152 through coupling 133 while tube 139 couples reservoir 122 to first lumen 142 through coupling 134.
The distal portion of multi-lumen mixing device 130 defines reaction or mixing chamber 160 which generally includes mixing feature 162, third reservoir 149 and needle side ports 146 and 147. In the illustrated embodiment, mixing feature 162 is a spiral mixer that optionally includes notches 164 and/or aperture(s) 166. In certain embodiments, such spiral mixer can be formed as a generally planar structure that has a twisted pattern in its longitudinal axis providing a longitudinal spiral. Such structures can be formed from flat planar lengths of material that have been subjected to twisting forces or can be machined, molded or otherwise manufactured to originally have a spiral shape. Other embodiments can use mixing feature(s) with other mixer configurations, including, but not limited to, a flow dividing static mixer, an alternating spiral mixer, and a static mixer with overlapping semi-helical baffles. Mixing feature 162 can be attached to or integrally formed with cannula 150 and/or catheter 140 or mixing feature 162 can float in reaction chamber 160. In certain embodiments in which mixing feature 162 is integrally formed with cannula 150, an original length of cannulated material can be flattened to a generally planar condition along an end segment thereof. The flattening can block or close the lumen(s) of the cannulated material, either alone or potentially in combination with a substance introduced into the lumen(s) of all or part of the segment which has been, or is to be, flattened. Suitable substances of these purposes can include adhesives, glues, polymerizable material, solders or other bonding agents. Thermal or other welding or fusion of the opposed walls of the flattened segment can also be used to facilitate closure of the lumen(s) of the flattened segment and/or to assist in imparting a permanent predictable shape to the spiral mixer. In instances in which the mixing feature 162, is integrally formed with cannula 150, an outer wall of cannula 150 that is integral with the outer wall of mixing feature 162 can be provided.
Mixing feature 162 can be configured to be rotationally constrained with respect to elongate element 140 or mixing feature 162 can be configured to rotate with respect to elongate element 140. In embodiments where mixing feature 162 can rotate with respect to elongate element 140, such rotation can be driven by the flow of reagents 114 and 124 and/or mixing feature 162 can be coupled to an external power source, for example, by rotating cannula 150 (e.g., an embodiment of
At the distal end of multi-lumen mixing device 130 is tip 144. Third reservoir 149 is defined by the lumen between the distal end of mixing feature 162 and tip 144. Needle side ports 146 and 147 provide access from reaction chamber 160 to the area outside of multi-lumen mixing device 130 in the patient being treated. Cannula side ports 155 and 156 provide access between second lumen 152 and first lumen 142 and is the location where reagents 114 and 124 first communicate before passing through mixing feature 162. The distal end of second lumen 152 is blocked by occlusion 154 thereby forcing reagent 114 to intermix with reagent 124.
Infusion system 108 provides for simultaneous delivery of reagents 114 and 124 to the patient from reservoirs 112 and 122 through movement of coupling 118 and thereby actuators 116 and 126. As reagents 114 and 124 are expelled from reservoirs 112 and 122, reagent 114 passes through tube 138 to second lumen 152 while reagent 124 passes through tube 139 to first lumen 142. Reagent 114 then is expelled from second lumen 152 through cannula side ports 155 and/or 156 to co-mingle with reagent 124 in first lumen 142. As reagents 114 and 124 proceed distally down multi-lumen mixing device 130 through continued movement of actuators 116 and 126, reagents 114 and 124 enter reaction chamber 160 where mixing feature 162 produces patterns of blending and/or radial mixing to mix reagents 114 and 124 together. In some embodiments, mixing feature 162 may also promote chemical reaction between reagents 114 and 124. After passing through mixing feature 162 mixed reagents 114 and 124 may optionally enter third reservoir 149 that provides an optional delay period before the mixed reagents 114 and 124 are expelled from multi-lumen mixing device 130 through needle side ports 146 and 147. The relative length and diameter of third reservoir 149 can be selected to provide for a delay period by permitting reagent 114 and 124 to chemically react together before being expelled from multi-lumen mixing device 130. In some embodiments, third reservoir 149 may also provide thermal energy storage in the distal portion of multi-lumen mixing device 130. Third reservoir 149 can be optionally omitted by positioning the distal end of mixing feature 162 at or near tip 144 and/or needle side ports 146 and 147.
Tip 144 of multi-lumen mixing device 130 can be configured in several different ways. One embodiment, tip 144 includes a cutting and/or burrowing feature on the distal most end permitting elongate element 140 to be inserted directly into tissue such as skin, organs, arteries, veins and bone. For example, tip 144 may include a beveled cutting edge, a saw-toothed cutting edge, a pointed end, a trocar tip, or any other configuration desired for cutting and/or burrowing into tissue. In other embodiments, tip 144 may be blunted, permitting elongate element 140 to be inserted into an arterial or venous structure and to be advanced therethrough to tissue targeted for treatment. Such an embodiment generally requires a separate introducer as is known in the art for laparoscopic procedures and for venous or arterial access.
In this regard, in various embodiments, elongate element 140, cannula 150 and mixing feature 162 can be constructed of either rigid or flexible materials. In embodiments in which elongate element 140 is configured as a needle with a cutting/burrowing feature on tip 144 to provide direct access to bodily tissue, then elongate element 140 can be made of a rigid material such as a metal or a relatively rigid polymer. In other embodiments where multi-lumen mixing device 130 is configured as a catheter to be introduced through arterial or venous access or into a body cavity through a laparoscopic method, then elongate element 140, mixing feature 162 and cannula 150 may be constructed of a flexible material such as a relatively flexible polymer or flexible metal material. In other embodiments, multi-lumen mixing device 130 includes a cutting/burrowing feature on tip 144 while being constructed of a flexible material. In yet other embodiments, multi-lumen mixing device 130 includes a blunt tip 144 while being constructed of a rigid material. As examples, elongate element 140, cannula 150 and mixing feature 162 can be constructed from metals such as stainless steel (SS) material including, but not limited to 302, 304 or 316 series SS, nitinol (a superelastic nickel-titanium alloy), nickel, cobalt chromium or MP35N, and/or from polymeric materials such as silicone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyamide (e.g. a Nylon), polyester, polyorthoester, polyanhydride, polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene (including high molecular weight polyethylene), polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
In one embodiment, a user may apply a force to coupling 118 to contemporaneously move actuators 116 and 126 to simultaneously deliver reagents 114 and 124 to multi-lumen mixing device 130 through tubes 138 and 139. In other embodiments, a user may selectively activate a computer controlled mechanism that acts upon coupling 118 to move actuators 116 and 126 and yet in other embodiments, reservoirs 112 and 122 may not be physically coupled to one another and actuators 116 and 126 may be separately adjusted to dispense reagents 114 and 124 simultaneously or in selected sequence. For example, individual infusion pumps could replace linked infusion devices 110 and 120 and in yet another embodiment, actuators 116 and 126 could be pulsed relative to one another to provide a different mixing dynamic within multi-lumen mixing device 130.
Multi-lumen mixing device 130 may optionally include visualization marker 148 near tip 144 and/or needle side ports 146 and 147 to provide enhanced visualization during insertion and use. For example, when utilizing ultrasonic visualization techniques, visualization marker 148 could comprise an echogenic marker such as a series of small dimple-like indentations on the outer surface of elongate element 140, for example those used on ECHOTIP® Echogenic Needles available from Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind., USA, to provide enhanced ultrasonic return. In other embodiments, a radiopaque marker could be used to provide enhanced x-ray response during fluoroscopy or other x-ray visualization techniques. Visualization marker 148 may improve the ability of an interventionalist to monitor the position of tip 144 and/or needle side ports 146 and 147 within a patient's body during use.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
In other embodiments where reagents 114 and 124 are infused in different proportions, reservoir 112 may have a different configuration (e.g., different cross-sectional area) than reservoir 122 so that different amounts of fluid are dispensed from reservoir 112 and 122 when actuators 116 and 126 are simultaneously moved (e.g., using coupler 118).
The heat generated from the chemical reaction of combined reagent 115 is sufficient to ablate at least a portion of target tissue 50 surrounding tip 144. Thermochemical ablation reagents 114 and 124 infused into the target tissue 50 can be selected to provide a suitable energy disposition to target tissue 50 and to optionally provide other features such as hyperosmolarity. In some embodiments, reagent 114 may comprise an acid. For example, an acid selected from the group consisting of an acetic acid, peracetic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, amino acids (e.g., carboxylic acid derivatives), and the like. Similarly, reagent 124 may comprise a base. For example, a base selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3, K2CO3, BuLi, NaOEt or NaSEt (e.g., Na or K salts of alkoxides or their analogues), NaH, KH, particular amines, and the like.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the base reagent or the acid reagent can be selected so as to fully neutralize the acid and base load applied to the targeted tissue 50 after the thermochemical ablation reaction (e.g. resulting in a mixture having a pH in the range of about 6 to about 8, desirably about 7). In other embodiments, the concentration of the base reagent or the acid reagent can be selected so as to partially neutralize the acid or base load while generating heat energy, thereby providing heated solution with a limited and safe level of remaining acid or base load.
In various embodiments, the particular acid and the particular base may be selected to provide a desired heat generation and low toxicity byproduct. For example, in one embodiment, reagent 114 may be either acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, while reagent 124 may be NaOH, NaOEt or NH4OH. Multiple reagent injection system 100 maintains reagent 114 separate from reagent 124 until reagents 114 and 124 reach reaction chamber 160 and are subsequently infused as combined reagents 115 into target tissue 50 allowing reagents 114 and 124 to chemically react to generate ablation heat energy. Such chemical reaction can begin within the distal portion of multi-lumen mixing device 130 in reaction chamber 160 thereby heating the distal portion of element 140 that may also aid the ablation of target tissue 50. In some embodiments, the byproducts from the chemical reaction of reagents 114 and 124 may further benefit the ablation process, for example, due to hyperosmolarity of combined reagents 115 to target tissue 50.
In yet other embodiments, reagents 114 and 124 may include other reactive substances. For example, reagent 114 may comprise electrophiles, and reagent 124 may comprise nucleophiles. In yet another embodiment, reagent 114 may include electrophiles from the group consisting of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, acetyl bromide, other anhydrides, other acid halides and the like while reagent 124 may comprise a nucleophile selected from the group consisting of alkoxides, thio analogues, mercaptans (e.g., sulfhydryl), some amines and the like. Other nucleophiles could include alcohols, sugar molecules, water, and endogenous nucleophiles. In other embodiments, reagent 124 may comprise a nucleophile selected from the group of previously described bases (e.g., NaOH, NaOEt or NH4OH or the like). Thus, some embodiments of multiple reagent injection system 100 can infuse an electrophile (such as acetyl chloride) with a nucleophile (such as NaOH) that chemically react with one another. The byproducts of the chemical reaction provide therapeutically significant heat generation while at least partially neutralizing any acid (or base) load.
In other embodiments, reagents 114 and 124 may include other reactive substances. For example, reagent 114 may comprise a particular oxidizing agent, and reagent 124 may comprise a certain reducing agent. In yet other embodiments, the thermochemical ablation reagents could be selected to have useful imaging or other analyzable features (e.g., fluorescence, nuclear isotopes, MR imaging characteristics, or the like) to permit the evaluation of reagent distribution in target tissue 50 and throughout the body before and after treatment.
In some embodiments, one or both of reagents 114 and/or 124 can be mixed with a denaturing agent that enhances the tissue ablation process. For example, a denaturing agent such as a sclerosant, detergent, urea or sodium perchlorite (or another substance from the Hofmeister series) can be mixed with the reagent 114 or reagent 124 prior to injection through multi-lumen mixing device 130. The denaturing agent may react upon targeted tissue 50 to enhance the ablation effect caused by thermochemical reaction of reagents 114 and 124.
In yet other embodiments, a drug may be added to one or both of the thermochemical reagents 114 and 124 to provide a pharmacological effect on target tissue 50 in addition to any thermochemical ablation effects. For example, a chemotherapy drug can be added to reagent 114 and/or 124 prior to injection through multi-lumen device 130. The chemotherapy drug can then be administered to the target tissue 50 through multi-lumen mixing device 130 to provide the pharmacological effect contemporaneously with the ablation effect from thermochemical reaction from combined reagent 115. In yet another embodiment, multi-lumen mixing device 130 can be modified with an additional lumen that bypasses reaction chamber 160 and provides for simultaneous injection of a drug at or near tip 144, or near needle side ports 146 and 147. In another embodiment, such an additional lumen could allow simultaneous injection into reaction chamber 160 (such as the configuration illustrated in
Still referring to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The illustrated embodiment of multi-lumen mixing device 130 can be utilized for stabilizing collapsed vertebrae 70 by either vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, both of which are medical procedures for restoring structural integrity to collapsed vertebrae. These procedures stabilize collapsed vertebrae 70 by filling in open spaces within the vertebrae body with bone cement to provide a more continuous and solid form. These procedures may also restore an approximate original shape or height to vertebrae 70. It should be noted that the disclosed device and method applies to both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty and other procedures for stabilizing and/or repairing damaged bone of patients. While the embodiments discussed herein are specifically describing vertebroplasty, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize how these teachings apply to the other related procedures.
These procedures are normally performed using an x-ray medical imaging device such as a fluoroscope to enhance visualization. These procedures can be performed under local anesthesia and/or light sedation. A nick is made in the skin near the spine and element 140 is inserted percutaneously into the open spaces of vertebrae 70 through the left or right pedicle of vertebrae 70 as is known in the art. Tip 144 may be used as a cutting instrument to generate a hole in the skin and access hole 72 into vertebrae 70 or an introducer (not illustrated) can be used to generate access holes so that element 140 can be inserted therethrough.
After insertion, a bone cement mixture in the form of combined reagents 115 can be dispensed from multi-lumen mixing device 130 into vertebrae 70 through needle side ports 146 and 147 to form a solid structure 74 that supports the collapsed vertebrae. The bone cement mixture/combined reagents 115 forms a solid structure 74 by chemically reacting or curing the reagents to become solid. Solid structure 74 may be formed within and/or about the collapsed vertebrae to stabilize vertebrae 70′ and may help restore vertebrae spacing and alleviate nerve pinching by supporting collapsed vertebrae 70 at least in a compressive mode. Solid structure 74 can substantially fill the open space of the collapsed vertebrae 70 to provide a more dense and continuous vertebrae 70′ which can, in some cases, enhance mobility and alleviate pain in the patient.
In one example, the first reagent of combined reagents 115 includes methylmethacrylate, sodium phosphate, or a mixture thereof and the second reagent of combined reagents 115 includes polymethylmethacrylate, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate or a mixture thereof. The first reagent may also include a radio pacifier or radiopaque material such as derivatives of tungsten, barium, bismuth, etc.
Referring now to
The distal end of multi-lumen mixing device 230 is tip 244, reservoir 249 is defined by the lumen between the distal end of mixing feature 262 and tip 244, ports 246 and 247 provide access from reaction chamber 260 to the area outside of multi-lumen mixing device 230. Ports 255 and 256 provide access between lumen 252 and lumen 242 while ports 257 and 258 provide access between lumen 253 and 242. The distal end of lumens 252 and 253 are blocked by occlusion 254 thereby forcing the reagents passing through lumens 252 and 253 to intermix with the reagent passing through lumen 242.
While not illustrated, the multi-lumen mixing device 230 illustrated in
Referring now to
In one embodiment, element 340 may be constructed from a standard side-by-side lumen catheter with one lumen collapsed and welded against the other to form the illustrated structure. In yet other embodiments, element 140 can be molded or formed as the illustrated configuration.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/914,167 filed Oct. 28, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/255,886 filed Oct. 29, 2009 which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12914167 | Oct 2010 | US |
Child | 15298312 | US |