This invention relates generally to a reduction system for removing soil to expose underground utilities (such as electrical and cable services, water and sewage services, etc.), and more particularly to an improved vacuum tank for use with such system.
With the increased use of underground utilities, it has become more critical to locate and verify the placement of buried utilities before installation of additional underground utilities or before other excavation or digging work is performed. Conventional digging and excavation methods such as shovels, post hole diggers, powered excavators, and backhoes may be limited in their use in locating buried utilities as they may tend to cut, break, or otherwise damage the lines during use.
Devices have been previously developed to create holes in the ground to non-destructively expose underground utilities to view. One design uses high pressure air delivered through a tool to loosen soil and a vacuum system to vacuum away the dirt after it is loosened to form a hole. Another system uses high pressure water delivered by a tool to soften the soil and create a soil/water slurry mixture. The tool is connected with a vacuum system for vacuuming the slurry away into a collection tank. The tank may then be emptied by opening a door on the tank.
Prior art vacuum systems are provided with a tank having a manually closing door that is locked in a closed position by latches, locks or other suitable locking mechanisms. Such devices rely on an operator to apply the proper amount of force to ensure that a tight vacuum seal is created between an outer periphery of the door and the edge of the tank. However, if the locking force is applied at two opposing edges of the door or to a single point around the periphery of the door, then the closing force is greatest at the point where the door is locked closed. In an example where the locking points are positioned at 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock on the door, the greatest closing force occurs at 9 and 3 o'clock with the least closing force occurring at 12 and 6 o'clock. That is, as you move away from the locking points, the closing force on the periphery of the door begins to decrease. While a vacuum seal may be created, it cannot always be guaranteed especially if the door is warped.
The present invention recognizes and addresses disadvantages of prior art constructions and methods, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a collection tank for use in a vacuum operated earth reduction system, the collection tank comprising a closed first end, an open second end defining a tank sealing flange and a body extending between the closed first end and the open second end. An internal chamber defined by the body, the closed first end and the open second end has a door coupled to the open second end and is configured to releasably seal the open second end. An automated door closer is coupled to a center of the door, wherein the automated door closer provides a closing force at the center of the door so that the closing force is equally distributed about a periphery of the door to seal the door against the tank sealing flange.
In other embodiments, the automated door closer further comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder having a piston rod in driving engagement with one of said first and second linkage assemblies, said at least one hydraulic cylinder being configured to move said door between said open first position and said closed second position.
In yet another embodiment, a collection tank for use in a vacuum operated earth reduction system comprises a closed first end, an open second end defining a tank sealing flange and a body extending between the closed first end and the open second end. A door is moveably coupled to the tank open second end and defines a sealing flange about a periphery thereof. The door is configured to releasably seal the tank open second end. An automated door closer has a cross bar rigidly attached to a center of the door, the cross bar having a first end and a second end. A first linkage assembly having a first end is threadedly coupled to the cross bar first end and a second end is coupled to the body. A second linkage assembly having a first end is threadedly coupled to the cross bar second end and a second end is coupled to the body. The threaded connection between the first linkage assembly first end and the cross bar first end and the threaded connection between the second linkage assembly first end and the cross bar second end may be adjusted to change a closing force applied to the center of the door.
In other embodiments, the door may have a generally circular-shaped door panel having an outer circumference. Additionally, the generally circular-shaped door panel may be dome-shaped. In yet other embodiments, the door is biased into the closed second position. An in some embodiments, the automated door closer may be remotely actuated.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Referring to
The connection of the various components of system 10 is best illustrated in
The water system will now be described with reference to
A “T” 62 and a valve 64, located intermediate valve 60 and filter 58, connect the high pressure output 46 to a plurality of clean out nozzles 66 mounted in collection tank 14 to clean the tank's interior. A return line 68 connects a low pressure port 69 of valve 60 to water tank 12. When a predetermined water pressure is exceeded in valve 60, water is diverted through low port 69 and line 68 to tank 12. A hose 70, stored on a hose reel 73 (
Referring to
Referring to
Each nozzle is set in a countersunk hole 102 formed in a bottom surface 97 of head 93 such that the end of each nozzle is recessed from bottom surface 97. In particular, if water feed line 94 is integrally cast within the head, a plurality of tap holes 103 (
During use of drilling tool 32, nozzles 95 and 96 produce a spiral cutting action that breaks the soil up sufficiently to minimize clogging of large chunks of soil within vacuum passage 86 and/or vacuum hose 88. Vertically downward pointing nozzles 96 enhance the cutting action of the drilling tool by allowing for soil to be removed not only above a buried utility, but in certain cases from around the entire periphery of the utility. In other words, the soil is removed above the utility, from around the sides of the utility, and from beneath the utility. This can be useful for further verifying the precise utility needing service and, if necessary, making repairs to or tying into the utility.
Still referring to
Traditional vacuum digging tools without an air intake can dig a vertical hole approximately 0-20 feet deep. When an air intake is included in a vacuum digging tool, the digging depth can be extended to a depth of 50 feet or more in the vertical direction. Traditional vacuum digging tools may include air slots located proximate to head end 101 that extend from an outside surface through the head to an inside surface proximate vacuum passage first end 86a. Therefore, when the tool is used to dig a hole, air is pulled from around the head proximate head end 101. As a result, when tool is used to remove wet viscous material or discrete material of large particulate size, the air slots are easily clogged, thereby reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of the digging tool. To overcome this disadvantage of prior art digging tools, air intake opening 99 is located distal from head end 101 to prevent clogging or blocking of the air intake. As a result, in the present invention, the vacuum pressure may be maintained at the optimum level regardless of the digging conditions, and the depth of a hole may be extended several times the normal depth.
In some embodiments, head 93 may be integrally formed with elongated pipe 82, and air feed passage first opening 99 may be located anywhere along the length of the elongated pipe, provided the air feed passage first opening is located at a position distal from head second end 101. Thus, it should be understood that head 93, whether separate from or integral with elongated pipe 82, is considered to be a part of the elongated pipe. For purposes of this discussion, distal from the head second end may refer to a position anywhere from several inches away from the head second end to a point proximate the elongated body first end. What should be understood by those of skill in the art is that air intake opening 99 should not be located at any point along head 93 or elongated pipe 82 that would be covered by the material to be removed by the digging tool. It should also be understood in that some embodiments, digging tool 32 may not come equipped with a water feed system.
Returning to
Referring to
Referring particularly to
Similar to the previous embodiment, a water feed line (not shown) may be attached to the length of the elongated pipe that terminates in a fluid manifold (not shown). Nozzles (not shown), similar to that in the previous embodiment, may be in fluid communication with the water manifold for use in cutting and breaking up of the digging material. The water feed line may be formed integrally with the elongated pipe, or a separate feed line may be attached to the pipe using clamps, adhesive, fasteners, etc.
Referring to
The vacuum air stream pulled through vacuum pump 28 produces a vacuum in collection tank 14 that draws a vacuum air stream through collection tank inlet 90. When inlet 90 is not closed off by a plug 127 (
Referring again to
Running the length of the interior of collection tank 14 is a nozzle tube 132 (
Nozzle tube 132, apart from being a conduit for delivering water, is also a structural member that includes a threaded male portion (not shown) on an end thereof adjacent discharge door 126. When discharge door 126 is shut, a screw-down type handle 134 mounted in the door is turned causing a threaded female portion (not shown) on tube 132 to mate with the male portion. This configuration causes the door to be pulled tightly against a sealing flange (not shown) of the collection tank. Actuation of vacuum pump 28 further assists the sealing of the door against the tank opening. Discharge door 126 includes a sight glass 136 to allow the user to visually inspect the tank's interior.
Referring again to
Back fill reservoir 22 is generally cylindrical in shape and has a bottom portion 144, a top portion 146, a back wall 148, and a front wall 150. Top portion 146 connects to bottom portion 144 by a hinge 152. Hinge 152 allows backfill reservoir 22 to be opened and loaded with dirt by a front loader 154, as shown in phantom in
As previously described above, backfill reservoirs 20 and 22 may be filled by opening top portions 146 of the reservoirs and depositing dirt into bottom portion 144 with a front loader. Vacuum pump 28, however, may also load dirt into back fill reservoirs 20 and 22. In particular, back fill reservoir 22 has an inlet port 162 and an outlet port 164. During normal operation, plugs 166 and 168 fit on respective ports 162 and 164 to prevent backfill from leaking from the reservoir. However, these plugs may be removed, and outlet port 164 may be connected to inlet port 90 on collection tank 14 by a hose (not shown), while hose 88 may be attached to inlet port 162. In this configuration, vacuum pump 28 pulls a vacuum air stream through collection tank 14, as described above, through the hose connecting inlet port 90 to outlet port 164, and through hose 88 connected to inlet port 162. Thus, backfill dirt and rocks can be vacuumed into reservoirs 20 and 22 without the aide of loader 154. It should be understood that this configuration is beneficial when backfill system 10 is being used in an area where no loader is available to fill the reservoirs. Once the reservoirs are filled, the hoses are removed from the ports, and plugs 166 and 168 are reinstalled on respective ports 162 and 164.
Referring once more to
Quick disconnect coupling 182 provides a high pressure source of hydraulic fluid for powering auxiliary tools, such as drilling apparatus 18, tamper device 185, or other devices that may be used in connection with drilling and backfill system 10. The high pressure line preferably delivers between 5.8 and 6 gallons per minute of hydraulic fluid at a pressure of 2000 lbs/in2. Hydraulic return line 186 connects to a quick disconnect coupling 184 (
Referring to
Body 194 has a handle 220 for the user to grab and hold onto during the drilling process. Hydraulic fluid hoses 200 and 202 connect to two connectors 222 and 224 (
In operation, the location of a hole is determined, and if drill apparatus 18 (
Alternatively, referring to
After work on the utility is completed, and referring to
With reference to
Drilling and backfill system 10 can be used to dig multiple holes before having to empty collection tank 14. However, once collection tank 14 is full, it can be emptied at an appropriate dump site. In emptying collection tank 14, motor 16 is idled to maintain a vacuum in tank 14. This allows the door handle to be turned so that the female threaded member (not shown) is no longer in threading engagement with the male member (not shown) on nozzle rod 132, while the vacuum pressure continuing to hold the door closed. Once motor 16 is shut down, the vacuum pressure is released so that air enters the tank, thereby pressurizing the tank and allowing the door to be opened. Once opened, hydraulic cylinders 130 can be activated to raise forward end 132 upward dumping the slurry from the tank.
Collection tank 14 may also include a vacuum switch and relay (not shown) that prevents the tank from being raised for dumping until the vacuum in the tank has dropped below a predetermined level for door 126 to be opened. Once the vacuum in the tank has diminished to below the predetermined level, tank 14 may be elevated for dumping. This prevents slurry from being pushed up into filter 116 if door 126 can not open.
In an alternate embodiment shown in
Referring to
First lower linkage arm 434A has a second end 437A and an actuating cylinder mounting hole (not shown) intermediate its first and second ends. In one preferred embodiment, actuating cylinder 436A is a hydraulic cylinder having a cylinder housing 446A and a piston rod 448A that is slidably received in housing 446A. Piston rod 448A has a free end 450A that is adapted for pivotal attachment to the lower linkage arm cylinder mounting hole. Preferably, a pin connection 451A pivotally attaches piston rod free end 450A to the cylinder mounting hole (not shown) by a clevis, eyebolt or other similar pivotal linkage.
A pivot pin 439A pivotally connects first lower linkage arm second end 437A with a first end 431A of an upper linkage arm 432A. Upper linkage arm 432A has a second end 433A that adjustably receives a threaded portion of an eye bolt 452A. Eye bolt 452A has an eye (not shown) that is pivotally connected to a first end 454A of a cross bar 456. Thus, the threaded connection between upper linkage arm second end 433A and cross bar first end 454A allows for adjustment of the space between the upper linkage arm second end and the cross bar first end.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In operation and referring to
Referring to
Seating bracket 476A is preferably positioned such that lower actuating arm lower edge 479A contact seat surface 478A only when pivot point 439A is located at a position below a horizontal line 480 that intersects the pivot bar longitudinal axis 442. This condition is commonly referred to as “rotation beyond overcenter,” and
When opening door 426 from its closed position, actuating cylinder 436A extends piston rod 448A upward causing pivot point 439A to rotate in a direction opposite to arrow 470 above center line 480. This rotation cause upper actuating arm 432A to move rearward toward the tank open end causing door 426 to pivot upward on hinge 428. As lower actuating arm 434A rotates, pivot bar 438 also rotates causing linkage assembly 430B to move similar to that of linkage 430A. Additionally, actuating cylinder 436B (
Referring to
Referring to
As previously stated, the above discussion was directed primarily to linkage assembly 430A. However, one of skill in the art should understand that the discussion holds equally for linkage assembly 430B. Moreover, while not shown in the figures, one of skill in the art should understand that automated linkage assemblies 430A and 430B may be operated by a control panel at the back of the vehicle, at a control panel located inside the vehicle or remotely by a wireless or wired control panel. One or more of these control panels may be provide to operate the automated assembly.
The above described embodiments of the automated door closer provide several advantages. First, rotating the lower actuating arm 434A and 434B into the “beyond overcenter” condition maximizes the amount of sealing force exerted by cross bar 456 upon discharge door 426. Second, placing the lower actuating arms in the “beyond overcenter” condition ensures that the door is maintained in the closed position. However, the contact between lower actuating arm lower edges 479A and 479B and seating bracket seat surfaces 478A and 478B prevents further rotation in the direction of arrows 470A and 470B. This arrangement presents a significant safety advantage.
Another significant advantage of the automated door closer is the fact that it provides an even seal around the entire circumference of the discharge door. The location of the contact between cross bar 456 and discharge door 426 at the center of the door panel allows an evenly distributed force to be applied between the door flange and the tank flange ensuring a tight seal. That is, the location of attachment cylinder 460 ensures that all compressive closing force applied to the door will be located at the center of the door 426. In this way, the compressive force is transferred uniformly out to the outer circumference of door 426. In prior art designs, the closing force is usually applied to one or two opposite points on the door periphery. In such designs, while the closing force ensures a tight seal proximate the connection points, it fails to ensure a tight seal around the entire periphery of the door.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. It is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations as come within the scope and spirit of the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/018,475, filed Feb. 8, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,563,375), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/266,354, filed Apr. 30, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,260,049), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/751,987, filed Jan. 28, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,925,753), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/979,114, filed Dec. 27, 2010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,360,260), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/855,478, filed Aug. 12, 2010 (now abandoned), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/544,428, filed Oct. 6, 2006 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,837,050), the entire disclosure of each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2122517 | Curtis | Jul 1938 | A |
2144586 | Kelley | Jan 1939 | A |
2250670 | Joy | Jul 1941 | A |
2448546 | Plemel | Sep 1948 | A |
2480692 | Anthony | Aug 1949 | A |
2507522 | Heine | May 1950 | A |
2562551 | Henderson | Jul 1951 | A |
2639601 | Herman | May 1953 | A |
3540618 | Jakobsen | Nov 1970 | A |
3713472 | Dozois | Jan 1973 | A |
3768203 | Bellucci | Oct 1973 | A |
3842461 | Wurster | Oct 1974 | A |
3888528 | Jericijo | Jun 1975 | A |
3968845 | Chaffin | Jul 1976 | A |
4119238 | Ali Ja'afar | Oct 1978 | A |
4155586 | Flynn | May 1979 | A |
4307541 | Farmer | Dec 1981 | A |
4322868 | Wurster | Apr 1982 | A |
4334633 | Piegza | Jun 1982 | A |
4434861 | Howeth | Mar 1984 | A |
4510714 | Kasper | Apr 1985 | A |
4518095 | Engwert | May 1985 | A |
4655362 | Ecker | Apr 1987 | A |
4659262 | van Aalst | Apr 1987 | A |
4669628 | Hatta | Jun 1987 | A |
4842223 | Allton | Jun 1989 | A |
4936031 | Briggs | Jun 1990 | A |
5016717 | Simons | May 1991 | A |
5021156 | Sloan | Jun 1991 | A |
5092963 | Barker | Mar 1992 | A |
5140759 | Artzberger | Aug 1992 | A |
5141528 | Boczkiewicz | Aug 1992 | A |
5191993 | Wanger | Mar 1993 | A |
5287602 | Dykstra | Feb 1994 | A |
5295317 | Perrott | Mar 1994 | A |
5299370 | Gyori | Apr 1994 | A |
5408766 | Pobihushchy | Apr 1995 | A |
5425188 | Rinker | Jun 1995 | A |
5487229 | Nathenson | Jan 1996 | A |
5500976 | Rohrbacher | Mar 1996 | A |
5515625 | Keigley | May 1996 | A |
5791073 | Palmer | Aug 1998 | A |
5860232 | Nathenson | Jan 1999 | A |
5996171 | Bowers | Dec 1999 | A |
6000151 | Hayes | Dec 1999 | A |
D423521 | Walter | Apr 2000 | S |
6202330 | Bolton | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6273512 | Rajewski | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6360458 | Dolister | Mar 2002 | B2 |
6386598 | Dykstra | May 2002 | B1 |
6397967 | McIlwraith | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6470605 | Gilman | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6499934 | Kaczmarski | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6517292 | Landau | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6550406 | Bass | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6604304 | Slabach | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6615849 | Gilman | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6988568 | Buckner | Jan 2006 | B2 |
7234252 | Jarnecke et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7415748 | Guhr | Aug 2008 | B1 |
7484322 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7503134 | Buckner | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7523570 | Pobihushchy | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7644523 | Buckner | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7743537 | Maybury, Jr. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7837050 | Maybury, Jr. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
8066140 | Young | Nov 2011 | B1 |
8127959 | Gloor | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8336231 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8360260 | Maybury, Jr. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8667717 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
9057180 | Sewell | Jun 2015 | B1 |
9260049 | Maybury, Jr. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9399853 | Maybury et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
9816250 | Maybury et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
9821953 | Sewell | Nov 2017 | B2 |
10563375 | Maybury | Feb 2020 | B2 |
20040108317 | Buckner | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20050210623 | Buckner | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20060032095 | Buckner | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060086010 | Jarnecke | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060117612 | Maybury, Jr. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060118338 | Maybury, Jr. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060182591 | Hackett | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20070261309 | Tommell | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20080066383 | Decker | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080085163 | Maybury | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080244859 | Maybury | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090133296 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20100320204 | Maybury, Jr. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110107548 | Maybury, Jr. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110258890 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20120317882 | Zazula | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130062893 | McLaughlin | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130111786 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130134163 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20140182173 | Maybury et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140230937 | Maybury, Jr. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140239624 | Maybury, Jr. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20170145656 | Maybury et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
20180066410 | Maybury, Jr. et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
20180072493 | Sewell et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
Entry |
---|
Reimann & Georger Corp.—Web Site Brochure for Hydra Core Drill dated Jan. 25, 2005. |
RockVac Brochure. |
SerVac Brochure. |
Office Action dated Oct. 12, 2006, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Response to Office Action dated Oct. 12, 2006, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Final Office Action dated Apr. 2, 2007, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Response to Final Office Action dated Apr. 2, 2007, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Office Action dated Jul. 11, 2007, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Response to Office Action dated Jul. 11, 2007, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Final Office Action dated Jan. 14, 2008, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Response to Final Office Action dated Jan. 14, 2008, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Office Action, dated Mar. 6, 2015, for corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/266,439. |
Response to Office Action, dated Mar. 6, 2015, for corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/266,439. |
Office Action dated May 12, 2010, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 12/361,242 (now abandoned). |
Response to Office Action dated May 12, 2010, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 12/361,242 (now abandoned). |
Final Office Action, dated Jan. 5, 2011, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 12/361,242 (now abandoned). |
Office Action, dated Sep. 28, 2011, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 13/175,510. |
Response to Office Action, dated Sep. 28, 2011, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 13/175,510. |
Office Action, dated May 7, 2013, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 13/724,559. |
Response to Office Action, dated May 7, 2013, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 13/724,559. |
Notice of Allowance, including Examiner's Amendment dated Sep. 26, 2008, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Advisory Action dated Jul. 11, 2008, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 10/971,455. |
Office Action, dated Mar. 4, 2015, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/266,354. |
Response to Office Action, dated Mar. 4, 2015, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/266,354. |
Office Action, dated Jul. 15, 2015, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/200,532. |
Response to Office Action, dated Jul. 15, 2015, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/200,532. |
Office Action, dated Mar. 3, 2015, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/266,159. |
Response to Office Action, dated Mar. 3, 2015, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/266,159. |
Office Action, dated May 15, 2018, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/811,507. |
Office Action, dated Dec. 12, 2018, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/967,374. |
Response to Office Action, dated Dec. 12, 2018, from corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/967,374. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20200181875 A1 | Jun 2020 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15018475 | Feb 2016 | US |
Child | 16786903 | US | |
Parent | 14266354 | Apr 2014 | US |
Child | 15018475 | US | |
Parent | 13751987 | Jan 2013 | US |
Child | 14266354 | US | |
Parent | 12979114 | Dec 2010 | US |
Child | 13751987 | US | |
Parent | 12855478 | Aug 2010 | US |
Child | 12979114 | US | |
Parent | 11544428 | Oct 2006 | US |
Child | 12855478 | US |