Patent Application
20090142528
The present invention relates generally to composite structures used to fabricate storage articles such as retail, display, and/or shipping product packages, and more particularly, to composite structures having significant mineral and fiber content, which may include natural fibers, that are highly attractive, efficient to manufacture, and environmentally friendly.
Packages and packaging materials for product retail and shipping purposes are typically designed to be sufficiently durable to allow reliable use of such materials. Considerations that are taken into account in the development of such packages and materials include their resistance to heat, fire, tearing, wrinkling, scuffing, and moisture, as well as resistance to infiltration by rodents and other pests, and the ability of the packages and materials to deter theft. Their tensile and tear strength are also considered. The packages and packaging materials are also desirably relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and are preferably attractive enough to the customer in appearance, print quality, feel, and touch to encourage use of the products as well as to enhance the product image or association.
However, it can be difficult to create packaging products that are both attractive to consumers and inexpensive to fabricate while also being sufficiently durable to meet the needs of retail and shipping use. For example, some lower cost packaging options are poorly configured to prevent theft because of minimal investment in protective structures. Examples of packages that may not be as great of a theft deterrent are common blister packages, consumer style folding cartons and boxes, and shrink-wrapped or flexible film style packaging. While clamshell style packaging is an example of more theft resistant packaging due to the typically higher gauge materials used therein, the packaging is also typically more expensive due to the use of the higher cost materials.
A further problem that exists with prior packaging products is that these products may not incorporate environmentally friendly materials and designs, particularly at low cost levels that offer affordability. Environmentally friendly materials can have desirable attributes such as biodegradability, compostability, a high recycled content, recycle-ability, and may also use less energy, pollute less, and generate fewer greenhouse gases in their manufacture than previous materials. Such environmentally friendly materials are increasingly in demand from consumers and retailers, and can be beneficial for manufacturers by reducing adverse environmental impact of the material.
As used herein, in addition to the above, “environmentally friendly” refers to goods that are considered to inflict minimal harm on the environment. They may also be referred to as “green” or “eco-friendly” or “nature friendly” or others.
Examples of environmentally friendly earth based materials are talc, diatomaceous earth, a mineral-containing layer, mica, silica, glass, clays, zeolytes, and slate, all of which are materials that can be combined with bonding agents to form flat rolls and sheets. High content mineral materials such as these are available with the trade name Viastone from Taiwan Long Meng, Taipei, Taiwan, and other mineral-containing materials from other manufacturers. The mineral-based materials can be fabricated from natural sources, such as limestone among others, and can be biodegradable, photodegradable, and compostable, use less energy, no water, and fewer chemicals to manufacture than fiber-based materials.
A configuration that is often used for shipping and/or retail packages is a carton or box shape that is space efficient, durable, and theft resistant. Carton or box packaging can be formed of paperboard materials such as Kraft boards, box boards, corrugated boards, etc., that are durable and readily machinable, for example by automated scoring, folding, bending, die-cutting, and even cartoning, to form a desired box form. Unfortunately, many cost appealing paperboard materials used to form such packages often do not have a surface that lends itself to high quality printing, with the result that the paperboard boxes and cartons often have an unrefined and industrial look that can be unattractive to consumers. Also, some higher quality carton boards comprise virgin fibers that require the use of substantial amounts of bleaching agents and chemicals. Additionally, paperboard boxes and cartons have little or no resistance to heat, fire, tearing, wrinkling, and scuffing. Finally, great amounts of energy and water usage are required in milling paper and box boards.
While mineral-containing materials offer great advantages compared to carton and paperboards, most particularly in the cost-per-ton category, and they can also be provided in forms that are readily printable, these materials and the products incorporating them are typically very dense with poor yields, lack stiffness and MD/CD fiber structure and strength, and are therefore not readily machinable as they are lacking in the tensile strength and other characteristics that are necessary for proper converting and machining of the product. Because of these drawbacks, minerals are most often found to have no real structural benefit and are not a proper option for packaging.
Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for retail and/or shipping packages that are durable and cost effective while also being attractive to consumers in terms of appearance and touch. There is also a need for retail and/or shipping packages that are durable and attractive while incorporating environmentally friendly materials and being resistant to theft. There is a further need for materials for forming attractive retail and/or shipping products that are readily machinable either at the point of manufacture (e.g., via scoring, folding, die-cutting, thermo or vacuum forming) or the point of distribution (e.g., via cartoning and gluing). There is also a need to provide packages having a good printing surface so that more attractive product and marketing information and labels may be formed on the packaging.
The present invention specifically addresses and alleviates the above-identified deficiencies in the art. In this regard, the present invention is directed to an environmentally friendly composite suitable for fabricating storage articles at least partially therefrom (e.g., a retail and/or shipping package). The composite structure includes single or multiple fiber-containing layers, such as a paperboard layer or other layer, and a concentrated mineral-containing layer or layers covering a respective fiber-containing layer, where the mineral-containing layer is substantially continuously bonded to the fiber-containing layer along the surface of the fiber-containing layer at the interface between the layers. The fiber-containing layer and mineral-containing layer can be shaped, sized, and manufactured such that the composite structure formed therefrom is capable of being shaped to form at least a portion of the storage article. Surprisingly, the composite structure formed from the fiber-containing layer and mineral-containing layer has a high degree of pliability and flexibility that is increased over the pliability and flexibility of the fiber-containing layer or mineral-containing layer alone. The composite structure also has enhanced characteristics such as a bright and attractive printing surface that, along with the pliability, render it attractive to consumers. The composite structure further has mass, stiffness, and tensile strength and other characteristics that allow it to be readily machined into desired storage article forms, such as storage boxes and cartons, which have high durability as well as good moisture resistance and biodegradability. In another aspect in accordance with the invention, the fiber-containing layer may comprise only natural fibers.
In another aspect in accordance with the invention, the composite structure is formed by bonding the mineral-containing layer to the fiber-containing layer under conditions selected to form the composite. For example the mineral layer can be adhered to the fiber-containing layer by applying adhesive to the layers and joining the layers together in a hot or cold gluing or adhesion process.
In yet a further aspect in accordance with the invention, a mineral structure suitable for forming storage articles can be provided, the structure comprising an extruded or blown mineral with a bonding agent comprising a mix of polymers, including polypropylene. The mineral-containing structure is sized and manufactured such that it is capable of being shaped to form a layer of the composite structure. The bonding agent can also contain some amounts of polypropylene for added heat resistance. This feature is enhances heat tolerance in oven and microwave cooking applications.
In a more detailed aspect in accordance with the invention, the composite structure is formed into the shape of a box or carton for retail and/or shipping purposes. The composite structure may also be formed into the shape of a container liner, corrugated medium, corrugated liners, a shipping mailer, a display or display tray, slip or tear sheets, pallet covers, corrugated structures and interior protective packaging components, and other retail and/or shipping components. The structure can also contain woven and non-woven reinforcing flat webbed materials as a layer. The layer adds significant burst strength and tear resistance. The common term in the art for this webbing layer is “scrim.”
In yet further detailed aspects, there is provided a composite structure of at least two layers, not requiring a bonding film, comprising a substantially non-synthetic, blended, mixed, translucent, flaked, or thermoplastic structure; by weight containing less than 25% polymers, e.g. co-polymers, homo-polymers, monomers, or poly-lactic acid and other acids and combinations thereof, and contains at least 5% natural mineral content, comprising: layer(s) of non-impregnated rolled or sheeted natural fibers in calipers between around 2 mil and 1000 mil, e.g. pulp, cellulosic fiber, cotton, rice, cloth, bagasse, or paper fiber(s) applied, without requiring film stretching, to mineral containing layers; all layers are solid and have opposing flat surfaces that may or may not require calendaring wherein the fiber-containing layer has a thickness of from about 1.5 mils to about 1000 mils. Further, the fiber layers can have a basis weight from about 10 to about 128 lbs/1000 sq. ft. and 20 g/m2 to about 1500 g/m2 and a tensile strength of from about 20 to about 1200 MD and about 25 to about 1500 CD. The fiber layers of unheated, non-metal or non-impregnated minerals with bonding agents combined with a mineral-containing layer(s), the mineral-containing layer comprising a basis weight of about 30 to about 500 lbs/1000 sq. ft. and from about 35 to about 1500 g/m2, in the form of rolls and sheets that are unblended within the composite comprising at least 10% by weight of the entire composite structure, a density of the mineral containing layer of between 0.3 to 1.50 g/m3, calipers between 1.3 mil and 50.0 mil, and contain organic minerals e.g. diatomaceous earth, ground calcium carbonate, mica, silica, glass, clays, zeolytes, slate, etc., and combinations thereof. The mineral containing layer is substantially and continuously bonded, without requiring stretching, across the entire contact surface of the fiber containing layers.
In further, more detailed aspects, the invention provides for a pliable composite structure containing a prescribed amount of a thermo-formable and non-thermo-formable bonding agent in the mineral-containing layer(s) that is sufficient to form the storage article shape via thermo-forming, pressure forming, or vacuum-forming. The composite bonding agent can also comprise thermoplastic polymers. The fiber composite structure can be treated to provide a substantial moisture resistance or moisture barrier. The mineral-containing and fiber-containing layers can have biodegradable content. The composite structure can have compostable content. The composite structure can have photodegradable content. The composite structure can have recycled and recyclable content. The fiber structure can also be poly coated for moisture resistance. The composite structure wherein one or more surfaces are coated with water or solvent based heat seal coatings. In other aspects, one or more sides can have applied embossed foil or metalized film stamping. In yet a further aspect, one or more layers can be corrugated.
The present invention is best understood by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying exemplary drawings.
Common reference numerals are used throughout the drawings and detailed description to indicate like elements.
The detailed description set forth below is intended as a description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present invention may be constructed or utilized. The description sets forth the functions and sequences of steps for constructing and operating the invention. It is to be understood, however, that the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different embodiments and that they are also intended to be encompassed by the invention unless they fall outside the scope of the claims.
It has been discovered that environmentally friendly and attractive storage articles 20, such as for example retail and/or shipping packages shown in
In one embodiment, the composite structure 22 has a pliability that is increased over what the fiber-containing layer 24 would have alone if used apart from the composite structure 22. In other words, the formation of the composite structure 22 provides for a structure having a pliability that is greater than that of the original fiber containing layer 24 used to form the composite. For example, the pliability of the composite structure 22 may be at least about 20% higher than that of the fiber-containing layer 24 alone, such as even at least about 50% higher, as measured by as measured by bendability and pliability standards known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including ASTM D228-02, #10 and ASTM D6125-97 (2002), both of which standards are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
As known to those of ordinary skill in the art, a “composite” material is a material comprising two or more substances or layers having different physical characteristics, in which each substance or layer retains its identity while contributing desirable properties to the whole. The term “composite” may especially refer to those materials for which each substance contributes desirable properties to the whole that are greater than the otherwise additive contribution of each substance in the absence of the other, in effect creating a material that has properties greater than the mere sum of its parts. This is in contrast to, for example, prior art paper fibers and natural fibers with coatings and films, heated and stretch applied films, among others, designed primarily for moisture barrier and printability and print quality improvements that do not materially change the performance, environmental, or structural characteristics in a significant manner.
The pliable composite structure 22 among others, according to the present invention contain unique specified material basis weights, composition, and structural attributes that are directly bonded along substantially the entire interface between the layers 24, 26, such as substantially continuously along an entire surface 25 of the base layer 24, to form a single composite structure. The resulting structure has far different performance objectives and out performs other packaging art. Also, the characteristics and manufacture of the layers 24, 26 and composite structure 22 are selected such that the combined composite structure 22 has properties including pliability and machinability that go beyond the capabilities of either material alone and that are not achieved by the prior art product.
The composite structure 22 can be formed by controlling the sizes, shapes, and manufacture of the mineral-containing layer 26 and fiber-containing layer 24, as well as the composite structure manufacturing process. For example, parameters that can be controlled to achieve the improved composite structure 22 having the desired pliability and aesthetic characteristics, as well as desired durability and machinability, can include at least one of the thickness, the basis weight, the density, the tensile strength, and the chemical content of the layers 24 and 26.
In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the mineral layer 26 can be altered to provide the composite structure 22 having the desired characteristics. Suitable mineral-containing layers 26 may comprise from up to 85% by weight of minerals of various types and compositions. The mineral-containing layer 26 further comprises a bonding agent mixed with the mineral component that provides a medium for bonding the mineral content within the layer 26. In one embodiment, a type and prescribed amount of the bonding agent can be added to the mineral-containing layer 26 that is sufficient to provide a composite structure 22 that has a desired level of pliability, while also being readily machinable.
The composition of the fiber-containing layer 24 can also be controlled to provide a composite structure 22 having the desired characteristics, such as the desired pliability, stiffness, mass, caliper, dead fold, and machinability of the structure 22. The fiber-containing layer 24 comprises at least one of many natural fibers, and has desirable tensile strength and other characteristics that render the layer suitable for machining processes used to form the storage article 20 of
The fiberboards and/or paperboards used for the fiber-containing layer 24 typically contain primarily cellulosic and/or wood pulp-based fibers, although they may also have other types of natural fiber content that fit the desired structure. The fiber-containing layer 24 also desirably comprises a relatively high level of recycled and/or post-consumer recycled fiber content. Also, tree-free fibers offer attractive environmental alternatives. For example, the recycled folding boxboard and coated and uncoated recycled boards can contain 100% recycled content, of which up to 35% by weight is post-consumer recycled content. The triplex and duplex boards, which are coated recycled boards having a high content of post consumer recycled fibers, can contain up to 100% recycled content and greater than 90% or 95% post-consumer recycled content, respectively.
In one embodiment, the fiber-containing layer consists of only natural fibers. In another embodiment, the fiber-containing layer may comprise synthetic fibers.
The thickness of one or more of the layers 26 and 24 can also be controlled to provide more or less pliability and machinability in the resulting composite structure 22. The thicknesses of the layers 24 and 26 are also selected such that the composite 22 formed therefrom is readily machinable. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the layers 26 and 24 are also selected with regard to desired durability requirements, with thicker layers providing more durability in some embodiments over very thin layers. A suitable thickness of the mineral-containing layer 26 that provides good pliability as well as durability and machinability of the composite structure 22 may be, for example, from about 1.5 to about 30 mils (0.038 to about 0.762 mm). As used herein, a “mil” is one-thousandth of an inch. A suitable thickness of the fiber-containing layer 24 can vary according to the density, stiffness, and tensile strength of the type of paperboard being used. For example, the thickness of the layer may be from about 4 mils to about 28 mils (0.1 to about 0.711 mm) for paperboard types such as C1S and C2S SBS paperboard, recycled folding boxboard, bleached and unbleached Kraft board, coated and uncoated recycled board, and folding box board, and may be from about 12 mils to about 23 mils (0.31 to about 0.58 mm) for paperboard types such as triplex and duplex paperboards.
The basis weights and densities of the mineral-containing layer 26 and fiber-containing layer 24 are also selected to provide a composite structure 22 having the desired attributes. The basis weight and densities of the fiber-containing layer 24 and mineral-containing layer 26 are selected to allow for ready machinability of the final composite structure 22, as a finished composite structure 22 that is either too light or too heavy may not be suitable for manipulation by standard paper and paperboard machines, such as scoring, folding, die-cutting, gluing, and cartoning machines. A suitable basis weight of the mineral-containing layer 26 can be, for example, from about 15 lbs/1000 ft2 to about 240 lbs/1000 ft2, and a suitable weight may be from about 40 g/m2 to about 900 g/m2. A suitable basis weight of the fiber-containing layer 24 can be from about 26 lbs/1000 ft2 to about 130 lbs/1000 ft2, or from about 210 g/m2 to about 900 g/m2. For example, for C1S and C2S SBS board, recycled folding boxboard, unbleached Kraft board, coated recycled board, uncoated recycled board and folding box board, a suitable basis weight may be from about 53 lbs/1000 ft2 to about 128 lbs/1000 ft2, and also from about 210 g/m2 to about 900 g/m2. For fiber-containing layers 24 containing triplex and duplex boards, a suitable basis weight may be from about 41 lbs/1000 ft2 to about 110 lbs/1000 ft2, as well as from about 225 g/m2 to about 450 g/m2, and a thickness of from about 4 mils to 1000 mils. Other natural fibers such as bagasse, cotton, pulp, cloth, etc., can be used assuming the performance and material attributes fall within the stated ranges.
The fiber-containing layer 24 is also selected to have tensile strength characteristics that result in the formation of the composite structure 22 that can be readily machined. The desired tensile strength characteristics can include the tear resistance of the paperboard layer 24 as measured in machine direction (“MD”) or cross-direction (“CD”). The cross-direction (CD) is typically defined as the direction across the web of the paperboard, i.e. at a ninety degree (90°) direction with respect to the grain of the fiber in the fiberboard layer 24. The machine direction (MD) is typically defined as the direction that runs parallel to the grain of the fibers in the fiberboard layer 24. The MD and CD tensile strengths of paperboard materials can be measured according to the ASTM D5342-97 Standard (also called the Taber-Type testing standard), which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. “ASTM” refers to the American Society For Testing And Materials, commonly also referred to as ASTM International.
Materials having a tensile strength within a specified range are capable of being processed by paperboard machining equipment, such as automated scoring, folding, die-cutting, and forming machines, to provide final storage article shapes. In contrast, materials that are lacking in proper tensile strength characteristics may be too brittle or stiff, or alternatively too elastic, to be machined in standard paperboard machining processes. In one embodiment, a suitable paperboard layer 24, such as the box boards, Kraft boards and recycled boards described above, has a tensile strength as measured by the ASTM D5342-97 Standard (taber-type standard) of from about 125 to about 900 MD, and from about 55 to about 400 CD. In another embodiment, a suitable paperboard layer 24, such as a triplex or duplex paperboard layer 24, has a tensile strength as measured by the ASTM D5342-97 Standard, of from about 144 to about 685 MD.
It should be noted that the mineral-containing layer 26 is not typically selected with regards to a CD or MD stiffness, dead fold performance, or tensile strength, as the mineral-containing layer effectively does not have a CD or MD tear strength value that is measurable by the same standards used for paperboard. The lack of a comparable tensile strength in the mineral-containing layer is one of the characteristics that renders a stand-alone mineral-containing layer 26 unsuitable for the standard machining processes that are typically used to shape and form paperboard materials and other materials into finished storage articles. Higher content polymer materials and synthetic combinations using co-extrusion, multiple layer laminations, and stretching can be considered; however, extruded and blown film polymer costs and yields are unfavorably expensive compared to the cost of earth based minerals that are held with bonding agents. The stated art specifications are unique and maximize/optimize the finished composite for cost and performance, using stated mineral and fiber specifications.
The composite structure 22 formed from the continuously bonded mineral-containing layer and paperboard layer has material characteristics that render it suitable for use in the formation of the storage articles 20 (
In yet another embodiment, the composite structure 22 comprises multiple sheets of paperboard layers 24 bonded to mineral-containing layers 26, as in the formation of slip or tear sheets 44, as shown for example in
The composite structures 22 in
The paperboard layer 24 can be bonded to the mineral-containing layer 26 by adhering the layers 24 and 26 to one another, for example by applying pressure to one or more of the materials forming the layers 24 and 26, or by optionally applying an adhesive between the layers 24 and 26. In one embodiment, the pliable composite structure 22 is formed without the use of added adhesive between the layers 24 and 26. In yet another embodiment, an adhesive is applied to a surface of one or more of the layers 24 and 26, such as a top surface 25 of the paperboard layer 24, to adhere the layers 24 and 26 to one another. In this embodiment, the adhesive may be applied to substantially the entire surface 25 at the interface 19 between the paperboard layer 24 and mineral-containing layer 26 to ensure bonding of the layers 24 and 26 across the entire surface 25. The conditions under which bonding of the layers 24 and 26 is carried out can be selected to provide optimum adhesion of the layers 24 and 26 to one another, as well as a substantially continuous bond between the layers 24 and 26 that extends across the entire length and width of the surface 25. For example, in a suitable hot application process for bonding the layers 24 and 26, an adhesive having a viscosity of from about 660 cP to about 1,480 cP is applied to one or more of the layers 24 and 26 at an elevated temperature of from about 300° F. (148.9° C.) to about 385° F. (196.1° C.). In an example of a suitable cold application process for bonding the layers 24, 26, an adhesive having a viscosity of from about 1,000 cP to about 2,100 cP is applied at a temperature of from about 27.5° C. to about 30° C.
The final composite structure 22 has the improved characteristics as shown in Table 1 below. As can be seen from the table, the effect of forming the composite structure 22 is that the desirable tensile strength and other machine-processing related characteristics of the paperboard or other natural fiber layer 24 are maintained, thereby providing a durable composite structure 22 that is capable of being machined by standard paperboard machining processes, while also achieving a pliability of the composite structure 22 that is aesthetically appealing and that is greater than that of the paperboard material alone.
The composite structure 22 also has other benefits over non-composite paperboard materials used for the packaging and storage article 20. For example the composite structure 22 provides an improved moisture barrier over typical paperboard materials due to the bonding agent used in the mineral-containing layer. Such agents may include high density polyethylene, bio-polymers, polymers, or poly-lactic acids. The bonding agent, along with the minerals, also provide an improved fire and heat resistance for the composite structure 22 by significantly raising the flash point. Polymers such as HDPE can be made to be bio-degradable and photodegradable, and compostable typically by introducing one or more additives, typically during extrusion, such as ketone groups sensitive to UV light which can cause scissioning of the polymer, or other photosensitizing additives that can initiate photo oxidation of the polymer, also resulting in scissioning of the polymer. Where the fibers of the fiber- or paperboard-containing layer are all natural, the biodegradability of the composite structure is greatly increased. Furthermore, the increased density of the mineral-containing layer results in improved rodent and other pest protection because of the increased difficulty in breaching the layer.
Furthermore, the increased density of the composite structure having the mineral-containing layer and the fiber-containing layer disclosed herein results in greater theft deterrence without the increased cost of the prior art materials. The increased density of the composite structure in accordance with the invention also provides greater wrinkle resistance and also provides static-electricity resistance due to its composition.
The composite structure 22 also has a premium printing surface 21 by virtue of the mineral-containing layer 26. Furthermore, the composite structure 22 is estimated to require 25% to 65% less water for manufacture than similar paperboard materials, as the mineral-containing layer containing layer 26 essentially does not require water usage for its fabrication. Also, the composite structure 22 renders certain non-biodegradable paperboards biodegradable and compostable, such as C1S and C2S SBS paperboard, unbleached Kraft board and folding box board. Because the minerals are often environmentally friendly substances, the composite structure 22, with the minerals and natural fibers, is fully recyclable, can have a recycled fiber content or post-consumer recycled fiber content of from about 35% to about 75%, and also has an estimated 20% to 65% reduction in air discharge, formaldehyde, and bleaching agents over standard paperboard materials.
Various machining steps can be performed to shape the composite structure 22 formed from the mineral-containing layer 26 and paperboard layer 24 into the desired storage article form. The machining steps can include folding, bending, creasing, and otherwise forming or pressing the composite structure 22, as well as cutting steps and gluing steps to form the desired shapes. The machining steps can be carried out at one or more of the point of manufacture and the point of distribution. For example, machining steps can be carried out at the point of manufacture to cut, score, and fold the composite structure 22 into a desired shape that may be suitable for shipping and/or storing of the article 20. At the point of distribution of the storage article 20, gluing and forming steps can be performed to achieve the final storage article shape, such as cartoning steps in the case of the manufacture of cartons or boxes.
In further embodiments, the individual materials and/or pliable composite structure 22 are formed into a desired shape for the storage article 20 by molding under pressure, heat, or vacuum. For example, in vacuum- and pressure-forming processes, the composite structure is forced against a mold under the force of vacuum or pressure, as the case may be, such that the material or composite adopts a shape conforming to the mold. As another example, in a thermoforming process, the materials and/or composite are heated while pressed against a mold to deform the material until it adopts a desired shape. Such molding may allow the pliable composite structure 22 to adopt desired shapes, including even rounded or curved shapes. An example of a vacuum molding press 60 is shown in
In one embodiment, the composite structure 22 that is used to form a storage article 20 such as at least one of a retail package 20 shown in
As shown in
In one embodiment, the composite structure 22 is formed into the shape of a component 33 comprising a box 28 for at least one of retail and shipping, as shown for example in
In one embodiment, the pliability of the box 28 is such that it can be readily folded and unfolded into the box shape 28, thereby allowing the user to store the box 28 in the unfolded state and then quickly fold the box into shape when needed for use. The box 28 is also desirably sturdy enough to withstand vertical or other stacking of the box 28 with other boxes, such as in pallets for shipping or storage of products, and may also provide substantial theft deterrence. In one embodiment, the attractive feel of the box 28 as well as the enhanced luster and shine of the box imparted by the ground calcium-carbonate-containing material makes the box 28 particularly suitable for the retail of high-end and luxury products where the appeal of the overall retail package is important, such as in the retail of perfumes, cosmetics and jewelry.
In yet another embodiment, the composite structure 22 forms a part of a shipping mailer 34, such as an envelope used to ship documents and other objects through UPS, FEDEX, USPS, etc., as shown in
Other embodiments of the storage article 20 having the composite structure 22 include display trays 36 and other sales displays 38, as show in
The embodiments shown in
Other uses of the composite structure 22 include its use to form corrugated structures 42, embodiments of which are shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
The composite structure 22 (
As used herein, non-mineral natural fibers include animal fibers such as wool and silk and vegetable fibers such as cotton and cellulose.
The invention differs from prior art coatings in that in the invention, a composite is provided. As used herein, a coating is a material applied to other materials such that the coating conforms to the material it is applied to. A composite layer does not conform to the surface size shape of the other materials in the composite; it, as a layer with its own unique shape and conformation, combined with one or more other layers forms a new composite material with improved or greatly altered structural and strength characteristics.
Additional modifications and improvements of the present invention may also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the particular combination of components and steps described and illustrated herein is intended to represent only certain embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to serve as limitations of alternative devices and methods within the spirit and scope of the invention. Along these lines, it should be understood that the storage articles 20 having the pliable composite structure 22 may take any of a variety of forms that are known or later developed in the art, and further contemplates that existing or newly formed storage articles 20, such as newly formed retail and/or shipping packages, should fall within the scope of the present invention. Also, it should be understood that the paperboard layer 24 and mineral-containing layer 26 can comprise various different materials such as other packaging materials and bonding agents that are other than those specifically described.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/193,633, filed on Aug. 18, 2008, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/013,077, filed Jan. 11, 2008, and in addition, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/956,690, filed Aug. 18, 2007.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60956690 | Aug 2007 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12193633 | Aug 2008 | US |
| Child | 12368130 | US | |
| Parent | 12013077 | Jan 2008 | US |
| Child | 12193633 | US |
