Patent Application
20190300607
The present invention relates to: a combination of a novel antibody or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the antibody or functional fragment thereof and an additional active ingredient; a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the antibody or functional fragment thereof and an additional active ingredient; and the like.
The number of patients with ophthalmic angiogenic diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and central retinal vein occlusion are increasing as the aging of the society proceeds.
Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in adults in developed countries including Japan, United States, and Europe. There are two types of age-related macular degenerations, namely, exudative and atrophic age-related macular degenerations, and they present as the same symptoms but differ in the onset mechanism. Cells called retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) are present as a monolayer in a lower part of the retina with the macula, and tissue with numerous blood vessels is present beneath the layer, the tissue called choroid. In exudative age-related macular degeneration, RPE cells are damaged because of various factors associated with aging, which causes the choroid to form abnormal neovessels beneath the RPE cells or between the RPE cells and visual cells, and haemorrhage, leakage of blood components, or the like therefrom damages the function of visual cells to rapidly deteriorate the visual acuity.
In treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration, drug therapy with intravitreal administration of an anti-VEGF drug of ranibizumab (Patent Literature 1), aflibercept (Patent Literature 2), or bevacizumab (Patent Literature 1, Non Patent Literature 1), photodynamic therapy with drip injection of a photosensitive substance followed by laser irradiation to lesions, or combination of them is currently carried out to cause regression of abnormal neovessels generated from the choroid which cause visual acuity. Although some patients show improvement in visual acuity by these therapies, the improvement of visual acuity is insufficient. In addition, other patients are insensitive to these therapies.
Roundabout homolog 4 (ROBO4) is a protein having a molecular weight of 110 kDa and a single-pass transmembrane structure (Non Patent Literature 2), and reported to be involved in angiogenesis-suppressing action (Patent Literature 3, Non Patent Literatures 3, 4). An anti-ROBO4 antibody is known to exhibit angiogenesis-suppressing action in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model of a monkey, as an animal disease model for exudative age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy (Patent Literature 4).
However, a drug such that the angiogenesis-suppressing action is enhanced when the drug is used in combination with an anti-ROBO4 antibody is still unknown.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a combination of an anti-ROBO4 antibody with an additional agent, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody and an additional agent, and the like. It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination of an anti-ROBO4 antibody with an additional agent for use in treating or preventing ophthalmic angiogenic diseases (ocular angiogenic diseases), and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody and an additional agent for use in treating or preventing ophthalmic angiogenic diseases.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating or preventing an ophthalmic angiogenic disease by administering an anti-ROBO4 antibody and an additional agent in combination, or by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody and an additional agent.
The present inventors have conducted studies directed towards achieving the aforementioned objects. As a result, the present inventors have found that use of an anti-ROBO4 antibody having angiogenesis-suppressing or -inhibiting activity in combination with any of various VEGF antagonists (e.g., aflibercept, ranibizumab, or bevacizumab) shows superior angiogenesis-suppressing effect, thereby completing the present invention.
The present invention relates to the following.
Use of the combination of an antibody and a VEGF antagonist provided by the present invention enables treatment or prevention of various ocular angiogenic diseases.
In the present invention, the term “gene” is used to mean a nucleotide including a nucleotide sequence encoding amino acids of protein or a complementary strand thereof, and the term “gene” also includes a polynucleotide, oligonucleotide, DNA, mRNA, cDNA, and cRNA as a nucleotide including a nucleotide sequence encoding amino acids of protein or a complementary strand thereof. Such a gene is a single-stranded, double-stranded, or triple- or more stranded nucleotide, and the term “gene” also includes an associate of a DNA strand and an RNA strand, a mixture of ribonucleotide (RNA) and deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) on a nucleotide strand, and a double-stranded or triple- or more stranded nucleotide including such a nucleotide strand. Examples of the “ROBO4 gene” in the present invention include DNA, mRNA, cDNA, and cRNA including a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of ROBO4 protein.
In the present invention, the terms “nucleotide”, “nucleic acid”, and “nucleic acid molecule” have the same meaning, and, for example, DNA, RNA, a probe, an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, and a primer are also included in the term “nucleotide”. Such a nucleotide is a single-stranded, double-stranded, or triple- or more stranded nucleotide, and the term “nucleotide” also includes an associate of a DNA strand and an RNA strand, a mixture of ribonucleotide (RNA) and deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) on a nucleotide strand, and a double-stranded or triple- or more stranded associate including such a nucleotide strand.
In the present invention, the terms “polypeptide”, “peptide”, and “protein” have the same meaning.
In the present invention, the term “antigen” is occasionally used to mean the term “immunogen”.
In the present invention, the term “cell” includes various cells derived from animal individuals, subcultured cells, primary cultured cells, cell lines, recombinant cells, and microorganisms.
In the present invention, an antibody to recognize ROBO4 is occasionally referred to as “anti-ROBO4 antibody”. This antibody includes a chimerized antibody, a humanized antibody, and a human antibody.
The term “functional fragment of an antibody” in the present invention is also called “antigen-binding fragment of an antibody”, and used to mean an antibody fragment to exhibit at least part of functions exhibited by the original antibody. Examples of such a “functional fragment of an antibody” include antigen-binding fragments such as Fab, F(ab′)2, scFv, Fab′, and single chain immunoglobulin, but are not limited thereto. Such a functional fragment of an antibody may be a product obtained by treating the full-length molecule of antibody protein with an enzyme such as papain and pepsin, or a recombinant protein produced in appropriate host cells with a recombinant gene.
In the present invention, the term “site” to which an antibody binds, in other words, “site” which an antibody recognizes means a partial peptide or partial higher-order structure on an antigen which an antibody binds to or recognizes. In the present invention, such a site is also called an epitope or a binding site for an antibody. Examples of sites on ROBO4 protein which the anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention binds to or recognizes include partial peptides or partial higher-order structures on ROBO4 protein.
It is known that the heavy chain and light chain of an antibody molecule each have three complementarity determining regions (CDRs). Such a complementarity determining region is also referred to as a hypervariable domain, and is located in the variable region of the heavy chain and light chain of an antibody. These regions have a particularly highly variable primary structure and are typically separated into three sites on the primary structure of the polypeptide chain in each of the heavy chain and light chain. In the present invention, with regard to the complementarity determining region of an antibody, the complementarity determining regions of a heavy chain are referred to as CDRH1, CDRH2, and CDRH3, respectively, from the amino-terminal side of the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain, whereas the complementarity determining regions of a light chain are referred to as CDRL1, CDRL2, and CDRL3, respectively, from the amino-terminal side of the amino acid sequence of the light chain. These sites are located close to one another on the three-dimensional structure, and determine the specificity of the antibody to an antigen, to which the antibody binds.
In the present invention, the term “antibody mutant” is used to mean a polypeptide which has an amino acid sequence obtained by substitution, deletion, addition, and/or insertion (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “mutation”) of an amino acid of the amino acid sequence possessed by the original antibody, and binds to the ROBO4 protein of the present invention. The number of mutated amino acids in such an antibody mutant is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, or 50. Such antibody mutants are also included in the “antibody” of the present invention.
In the present invention, “several” in the phrase “one to several” refers to 3 to 10.
Examples of the activities/characteristics exhibited by the antibody of the present invention include biological activity and physicochemical characteristics, and specific examples thereof include various biological activities, binding activity to an antigen or epitope, stability in production or storage, and thermal stability.
In the present invention, the phrase “to hybridize under stringent conditions” is used to mean that hybridization is carried out under conditions in which hybridization is carried out in a solution containing 5× SSC at 65° C., then the resultant is subjected to washing with an aqueous solution containing 2× SSC-0.1% SDS at 65° C. for 20 minutes, washing with an aqueous solution containing 0.5× SSC-0.1% SDS at 65° C. for 20 minutes, and washing with an aqueous solution containing 0.2× SSC-0.1% SDS at 65° C. for 20 minutes, or conditions equivalent thereto. SSC is an aqueous solution of 150 mM NaCl-15 mM sodium citrate, and n× SSC means an n-fold concentration of SSC.
In the present invention, the term “additional active ingredient” or “additional drug” is used to mean a component or drug which has therapeutic or prophylactic activity to diseases and is used in combination with an anti-ROBO4 antibody or comprised in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention together with an anti-ROBO4 antibody. In a preferred mode, such a combination or pharmaceutical composition is effective for treatment or prevention of angiogenic diseases (preferably, ocular angiogenic diseases).
In the present description, “ROBO4” and “ROBO4 protein” are used to mean the same meaning.
The ROBO4 protein of the present invention has the following characteristics.
ROBO4 protein can exist as the whole or part of a homo- or heterooligomeric associate composed of two or more subunits.
The amino acid sequence and/or other characteristics of ROBO4 protein are/is not required to be identical or uniform in an individual, tissue, body fluid, cell, ROBO4 protein-containing fraction, or purified or partially purified ROBO4 protein authentic preparation, etc., or among a plurality of individuals, tissues, cells, ROBO4 protein-containing fractions, or ROBO4 protein authentic preparations. ROBO4 proteins having different amino acid sequences and/or different characteristics may be contained in one individual, tissue, body fluid, cell, ROBO4 protein-containing fraction, or purified or partially purified ROBO4 protein authentic preparation, etc. The amino acid sequence and/or other characteristics of ROBO4 protein may be different among a plurality of individuals, tissues, cells, ROBO4 protein-containing fractions, or ROBO4 protein authentic preparations. Even proteins having different amino acid sequences and/or characteristics in this manner are all included in the “ROBO4 protein” of the present invention, if having the characteristics described in (i) to (iii) above.
The ROBO4 protein of the present invention may be natural or recombinant. Fusion products with another peptide or protein such as a carrier and a tag are also included in the ROBO4 protein. Further, the ROBO4 protein includes ROBO4 protein with chemical modification such as addition of polymer such as PEG and/or biological modification including glycosylation. Furthermore, the ROBO4 protein of the present invention includes ROBO4 protein fragments. ROBO4 protein fragments having the characteristics described in (ii) above are called ROBO4 protein functional fragments.
The ROBO4 gene of the present invention includes a nucleotide sequence of any one of the following (a) to (c) (hereinafter, referred to as “the ROBO4 gene sequence”), or consists of a nucleotide sequence including the ROBO4 gene sequence, or consists of the ROBO4 gene sequence:
The ROBO4 gene is overexpressed in blood vessels in a fibrovascular membrane or intratumoral blood vessels in a patient with a disease involving angiogenesis such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the ROBO4 gene seems to be overexpressed in tissue or blood fractions derived from a patient affected by a disease presumably associated with angiogenesis such as exudative age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, intraocular neovascular disease, atherosclerosis, retrolental fibroplasia, haemangioma, chronic inflammation, proliferative retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, immune rejection of transplanted corneal tissue or other tissue, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, acute inflammation, sepsis, and adiposity, or derived from a model animal for the disease.
Expression and the expression level of the ROBO4 gene may be determined by using a ROBO4 gene transcript or ROBO4 protein as an index, and the former can be measured, for example, by using an RT-PCR method or a Northern blotting/hybridization method, and the latter can be measured by using immunoassay such as Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (hereinafter, referred to as “ELISA”) method.
The ROBO4 protein of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by purification and isolation from animal tissue (including body fluid), cells derived from the tissue, or a culture of the cells, gene recombination, in vitro translation, or chemical synthesis.
The antibody of the present invention may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody. Examples of the monoclonal antibody of the present invention include antibodies derived from non-human animals (non-human animal antibodies), antibodies derived from a human (human antibodies), chimerized antibodies (also referred to as “chimeric antibodies”), and humanized antibodies.
Examples of non-human animal antibodies include antibodies derived from vertebrates such as mammals and avians. Examples of antibodies derived from mammals include antibodies derived from rodents such as mouse antibodies and rat antibodies. Examples of antibodies derived from avians include chicken antibodies.
Examples of chimerized antibodies include, but are not limited to, antibodies obtained by binding together a variable region derived from a non-human animal antibody and the human antibody (human immunoglobulin) constant region. Examples of the variable region derived from a non-human animal antibody include heavy chain and light chain variable regions derived from MAb1 (WO2013/160879).
Examples of humanized antibodies include, but are not limited to, those obtained by transplanting CDRs in the variable region of a non-human animal antibody into a human antibody (the variable region of human immunoglobulin), those obtained by transplanting a part of the sequence of the framework regions, in addition to CDRs, of a non-human animal antibody into a human antibody, and those obtained by substituting one or two or more amino acids derived from a non-human animal antibody in any of them with a human-type amino acid(s). Examples of CDRs in the variable region of a non-human animal antibody include CDRH1 to CDRH3 in the above-mentioned heavy chain variable region derived from MAb1 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 4, 6) and CDRL1 to CDRL3 in the above-mentioned light chain variable region derived from MAb1 (SEQ ID NOS: 7, 9, 10).
Any human antibody which recognizes the antigen of the present invention may be used, and examples thereof include human antibodies which bind to a site to which an antibody including CDRs of the antibody of the present invention binds, and human antibodies which bind to a site on ROBO4 to which the above-mentioned MAb1 binds.
The antibody of the present invention may be any antibody composed of moieties derived from a plurality of different antibodies with activity to bind to ROBO4, and examples thereof include antibodies obtained by exchanging a heavy chain and/or light chain between a plurality of different antibodies, antibodies obtained by exchanging a full-length heavy chain and/or light chain therebetween, antibodies obtained by exchanging only a variable region or only a constant region therebetween, and antibodies obtained by exchanging all or some of CDRs therebetween. The heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region of a chimerized antibody may be derived from different antibodies of the present invention. CDRH1 to CDRH3 and CDRL1 to CDRL3 in the variable region of a heavy chain and light chain of a humanized antibody may be derived from two or more antibodies of the present invention. CDRH1 to CDRH3 and CDRL1 to CDRL3 in the variable region of a heavy chain and light chain of a human antibody may be combination of CDRs included in two or more antibodies of the present invention. Such an antibody composed of moieties derived from a plurality of different antibodies may have one or two or more of activities described in (3-3) to (3-5).
The isotype of the monoclonal antibody of the present invention is not limited, and examples thereof include IgG such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4; IgM; IgA such as IgA1 and IgA2; IgD; and IgE, and IgG and IgM are preferred, and IgG2 is more preferred. The isotype and subclass of the monoclonal antibody can be determined, for example, by using an Ouchterlony method, an ELISA method, or radio immunoassay (hereinafter, referred to as “RIA”). Commercially available identification kits (Mouse Typer Kit; manufactured by BioRad, MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ISOTYPING TEST KIT; manufactured by serotec Co., Ltd.) can be utilized.
(3-2) Binding Specificity of anti-ROBO4 Antibody
The antibody of the present invention recognizes ROBO4 protein. In other words, the antibody of the present invention binds to ROBO4 protein. Such an antibody is referred to as “anti-ROBO4 antibody”. A preferred antibody of the present invention specifically recognizes ROBO4 protein. In other words, the preferred antibody of the present invention specifically binds to ROBO4 protein (preferably, human ROBO4 protein (SEQ ID NO: 2)). Moreover, a more preferred antibody according the present invention specifically binds to an Ig-like domain included in ROBO4 protein. Examples of the Ig-like domain include Ig-like domain 1 and Ig-like domain 2, and the more preferred antibody of the present invention recognizes a region consisting of the amino acid sequence at amino acid positions 132 to 209 in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing. The antibody of the present invention binds to human ROBO4 protein, monkey ROBO4 protein, preferably cynomolgus monkey ROBO4 protein, and rabbit ROBO4 protein, but does not bind to mouse and rat ROBO4 proteins.
In the present invention, the term “specific recognition”, that is, “specific binding” refers to binding differing from nonspecific adsorption. Examples of criteria to determine whether binding is specific or not include dissociation constants (hereinafter, referred to as “KD”). The KD value of the preferred antibody of the present invention to ROBO4 protein is 1×103 M or lower, 5×10−6 M or lower, 2×10−6 M or lower, or 1×10−6 M or lower, more preferably 5×107 M or lower, 2×10−7 M or lower, or 1×10−7 M or lower, even more preferably 5×10−8 M or lower, 2×10−8 M or lower, or 1×10−8 M or lower, and still more preferably 5×10−9 M or lower.
Binding between an antigen and an antibody in the present invention can be measured or determined, for example, by using an ELISA method, an RIA method, or a surface plasmon resonance analysis method. Binding between an antigen expressed on a cell surface and an antibody can be measured, for example, by using a flow cytometric method.
The antibody of the present invention has angiogenesis-suppressing activity in vitro in the absence of a crosslinking antibody. An antibody which does not exhibit pharmacological activity in vitro and exhibits it in vivo in the absence of a crosslinking antibody is known (Cancer Cell (2011), 19, p. 101-113). There exist leukocytes to express an Fcy receptor having a function similar to that of a crosslinking antibody in vivo (Nature (2008), 8, p. 34-47), and hence crosslinking occurs in the presence of leukocytes even without a crosslinking antibody, which is inferred to allow the pharmacological activity to be exhibited. In actual living bodies, however, the number of leukocytes in a lesion differs among individuals (Cancer Res (2011), 71, 5670-5677), and for this reason an antibody which exhibits pharmacological activity depending on crosslinking by leukocytes is expected to exhibit effects differing among individuals. Because the antibody of the present invention exhibits superior angiogenesis-suppressing activity in vitro even in the absence of a crosslinking antibody, the antibody is inferred to have angiogenesis-suppressing action without depending on the number of leukocytes even in vivo, and thus is preferable as a medicament.
Angiogenesis-suppressing activity refers to activity to suppress, for example, proliferation of, migration of, and lumen formation by vascular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis-suppressing activity in vitro can be evaluated by using a vascular permeability test, cell migration test for vascular endothelial cells, or lumen formation test.
In the vascular permeability test, for example, normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are seeded in an upper layer of a Boyden Chamber with a pore size of 1 μm to allow the HUVECs to form a monolayer, and the permeation rate of FITC-labeled dextran or the like is measured for evaluation. The permeation rate can be measured, for example, by using an In Vitro Vascular Permeability Assay (Cat. ECM640, manufactured by Millipore Corporation) or the like. If an antibody added to a concentration of 10 μg/mL or less exhibits the action of suppressing the permeation rate of FITC-labeled dextran, the antibody can be determined to have vascular permeability-suppressing action and have angiogenesis-suppressing activity. The antibody of the present invention exhibits vascular permeability-suppressing action under the measurement conditions preferably in a concentration of 10 μg/mL or less, more preferably in a concentration of 1 μg/mL or less, particularly preferably in a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL or less.
In the cell migration test, HUVECs are seeded in an upper layer of a Boyden Chamber with a pore size of 3 to 8 μm, and a medium containing migration enhancement factor for endothelial cells such as VEGF is added to the lower layer, and cells which migrate to the lower layer are counted for evaluation. If the effect of reducing the number of migrating HUVECs is exhibited, it is determined that migration-suppressing effect for vascular endothelial cells is present and angiogenesis-suppressing activity is present. For example, measurement can be performed by using a cell migration assay system for vascular endothelial cells. The antibody of the present invention exhibits cell migration-suppressing activity under the measurement conditions preferably in a concentration of 10 μg/mL or less, more preferably in a concentration of 1 μg/mL or less, particularly preferably in a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL or less.
In the lumen formation test, HUVECs are seeded in a cell culture container coated with Matrigel, and the number of branching points, luminal length, and so forth of a luminal structure formed by the HUVECs on the Matrigel are measured for evaluation. If an action of reducing the number of branching points or luminal length of the luminal structure is exhibited, it is determined that lumen formation-suppressing effect is present and angiogenesis-suppressing activity is present. Measurement can be performed, for example, by using a lumen formation assay system for vascular endothelial cells (Cat. 354149, manufactured by BD Bioscience). The antibody of the present invention exhibits lumen formation-suppressing activity under the measurement conditions preferably in a concentration of 10 μg/mL or less, more preferably in a concentration of 1 μg/mL or less, particularly preferably in a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL or less.
However, measurement is not limited to the above-described tests, and any system capable of measuring angiogenesis induced by an angiogenesis-accelerating substance and suppression thereof can be used.
A crosslinking antibody refers to an antibody having the action of binding to the Fc region of the antibody of the present invention to crosslink two or more molecules of the antibody of the present invention. For example, in a where the Fc region of the antibody of the present invention is derived from a mouse, crosslinking antibody means an antibody that binds to the mouse Fc region and associates two or more molecule of the antibody of the present invention through binding of each two antibody molecules of the antibody of the present invention at two binding sites of the cross-linking antibody.
The phrase “having angiogenesis-suppressing activity in the absence of a crosslinking antibody” means that angiogenesis-suppressing effect is exhibited even without coexistence of a crosslinking antibody in an evaluation system for angiogenesis suppression, for example, in any of the above-described evaluation systems.
The phrase “having angiogenesis-suppressing activity in the presence of a crosslinking antibody” means that angiogenesis-suppressing activity is not exhibited in the absence of a crosslinking antibody and angiogenesis-suppressing activity is exhibited when one or more molecules, preferably two or more molecules of a crosslinking antibody coexist per molecule of the antibody of the present invention in an evaluation system for angiogenesis suppression, for example, in any of the above-described evaluation systems for angiogenesis-suppressing activity.
(3-4) In Vivo Angiogenesis-Suppressing or -Inhibiting Activity of anti-ROBO4 Antibody
The antibody of the present invention suppresses or inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. The in vivo angiogenesis-suppressing or -inhibiting activity can be evaluated by using animal disease models in accordance with a common method. For example, a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model described in WO2013/160879 is widely used as a disease model of angiogenesis, and the amount of neovessels can be used as a score for evaluation. An oxygen-induced retinopathy model can be used as a model of ischaemic retinopathy such as diabetic retinopathy. For a patient, for example, the positions or sizes of choroidal neovessels can be measured through a fluorescence imaging test with fluorescein or indocyanine green before and after administration of the antibody of the present invention. Alternatively, the vascular density of intratumoral blood vessels in a tumor specimen taken from a tumor patient by biopsying can be measured through immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) to score the amount of neovessels before and after administration of the antibody of the present invention.
(3-5) Downstream Signal Activation by anti-ROBO4 Antibody
The anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention may be subjected to an evaluation system with cell lines or primary cultured cells to which some response is induced by ROBO4 protein. Examples of such cell lines include mouse vascular endothelial cell lines (ATCC NO. CRL-2779) and examples of such primary cultured cells include mouse vascular endothelial cells and human vascular endothelial cells.
The antibody of the present invention is an agonistic antibody to ROBO4. Specifically, the antibody of the present invention binds to ROBO4 to activate downstream signals of ROBO4. Accordingly, the angiogenesis-suppressing effect of the antibody of the present invention can be evaluated by using activation of downstream signals of ROBO4 as an index. Examples of downstream signals of ROBO4 include IL-8 promoter activity. It has been reported that the promoter activity of IL-8 significantly increases in full-length human ROBO4-expressing cells as compared with cells not expressing human ROBO4, and is hardly found in human ROBO4-expressing cells with the intracellular domain deleted. Hence, the increase of IL-8 promoter activity detected indicates activation of a ROBO4 signal (WO2013/160879). The promoter activity of IL-8 can be evaluated, for example, in a manner such that an anti-ROBO4 antibody is added or an anti-ROBO4 antibody and a crosslinking antibody are added in combination to cells into which a reporter vector including an IL-8 promoter sequence inserted thereinto and a human ROBO4-expressing plasmid have been introduced, followed by measure for reporter activity.
The present invention provides a monoclonal antibody. Examples of the monoclonal antibody include monoclonal antibodies derived from non-human animals such as a rat antibody, a mouse antibody, a rabbit antibody, a chicken antibody, and a fish antibody; chimeric antibodies; humanized antibodies; human antibodies; functional fragments of them; and modified forms of them. Examples of mouse monoclonal antibodies among them include MAb1 (WO2013/160879).
Preferably, the antibody mutant of the present invention has been provided with lowered sensitivity to decomposition or oxidation of protein, improved biological activity, improved antigen-binding ability, or physicochemical characteristics or functional characteristics imparted thereto. Examples of such antibody mutants include antibodies having an amino acid sequence obtained by subjecting the amino acid sequence of an antibody to conservative amino acid substitution. Conservative amino acid substitution is substitution that occurs in an amino acid group related to amino acid side chains (WO2013/160879).
Aspartic acid contained in protein is likely to be converted into isoaspartic acid through isomerization if the amino acid linking to the C-terminus of the aspartic acid has a small side chain, and, on the other hand, asparagine in the like case is likely to be converted into aspartic acid through deamidation, and may be further converted into isoaspartic acid through isomerization. Progression of such isomerization or deamidation may affect the stability of protein. To avoid such isomerization and deamidation, for example, aspartic acid in protein, asparagine, and amino acids adjacent thereto can be substituted with other amino acids. It is preferable that the antibody mutant having such amino acid substitution retain the antigen-biding activity of the original antibody.
The present invention includes antibody mutants having an amino acid sequence obtained by subjecting the amino acid sequence of the antibody of the present invention to conservative amino acid substitution, and mouse antibodies, rat antibodies, chimerized antibodies, humanized antibodies, and human antibodies including a CDRs having an amino acid sequence obtained by subjecting the amino acid sequence of any of CDRH1 to CDRH3 and CDRL1 to CDRL3 derived from MAb1 (WO2013/160879) to conservative amino acid mutation.
The constant region of the antibody of the present invention is not limited, and that of a human antibody is preferably used for the antibody of the present invention for treating or preventing human diseases. Examples of the heavy chain constant region of a human antibody include Cγ1, Cγ2, Cγ3, Cγ4, Cμ, Cδ, Cα1, Cα2, and Cε. Examples of the light chain constant region of a human antibody include Cκ and Cλ.
Examples of the mouse-human IgG1 type chimeric antibody of the present invention include cMAb1-1, and examples of the mouse-human IgG2 type chimeric antibody of the present invention include cMAb1-2 (WO2013/160879).
(3-7) Functional Fragment of anti-ROBO4 Antibody
As one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a functional fragment of the anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention. A fragment of an antibody refers to a fragment retaining at least part of functions of the antibody or modified product thereof. Examples of such functions of an antibody include antigen-binding activity, activity to regulate the activity of an antigen, antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity, and complement-dependent cytotoxic activity. Examples of functions of the anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention include ROBO4 protein-binding activity, angiogenesis-suppressing activity, and the effect of activating ROBO4 downstream signals. More specifically, the functional fragment of the antibody of the present invention includes any functional fragment having all or some of the activities described in (3-3) to (3-5) above exhibited by the antibody to ROBO4 of the present invention.
The functional fragment of an antibody may be any fragment of the antibody retaining at least part of activities of the antibody, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, Fab, F(ab′)2, Fv, single chain Fv (scFv) obtained by linking Fvs of a heavy chain and light chain with an appropriate linker, diabodies, linear antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments, and Fab′, as a monovalent fragment of the variable region of an antibody, obtained by treating F(ab′)2 under reducing conditions. Molecules including a portion other than a fragment of the antibody of the present invention, such as scFv including a linker portion, are also included in the functional fragment of the antibody of the present invention.
Molecules obtained by deleting one to several or more amino acids at an amino terminus and/or carboxy terminus of antibody protein and retaining at least part of functions of the antibody are also included in the functional fragment of the antibody of the present invention. However, such deletion and modification of a heavy chain sequence does not affect the antigen-binding ability and effector function (activation of complement, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, etc.) of an antibody. Such modified forms of a functional fragment of an antibody are also included in the antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof, or modified form of the antibody or functional fragment thereof (described later).
The antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof may be a multispecific antibody having specificity to at least two different antigens. The multispecific antibody is not limited to bispecific antibodies to bind to two different antigens, and antibodies having specificity to three or more different antigens are also included in the “multispecific antibody” of the present invention.
The multispecific antibody of the present invention may be a full-length antibody or a functional fragment thereof (e.g., F(ab′)2 bispecific antibody). One aspect of the antibody of the present invention is a single chain antibody (hereinafter, referred to as “scFv”). In addition, the functional fragment of the antibody of the present invention includes Bis-cFv and Multi-scFv, each produced by binding two or more scFvs with a peptide linker, single chain immunoglobulin, single domain antibodies, and nanobodies.
(3-8) Humanized anti-ROBO4 Antibody
In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a humanized antibody or functional fragment thereof. Examples of the humanized antibody of the present invention include an antibody obtained by incorporating only complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of Mabl (WO2013/160879) into a human-derived antibody (see Nature (1986)321, p. 522-525); and an antibody obtained by transplanting not only such CDR sequences but also amino acid residues of some frameworks into a human antibody with CDR grafting (International Publication No. WO90/07861). Any humanized antibody mutant with one to three amino acid residues in each CDR substituted with other amino acid residues is also included in the antibody of the present invention as long as the mutant has all or some of the activities described in (3-3) to (3-5) above.
Examples of the humanized anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof include an antibody that comprises: a heavy chain comprising a variable region including CDRH1 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (
Examples of CDRH2 with amino acid substitution include CDRH2 with substitution of an amino acid at amino acid position 4 from the amino acid terminus in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing. Specifically, asparagine at amino acid position 4 from the amino acid terminus in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing can be substituted with glutamine (SEQ ID NO: 5 (
Examples of CDRL1 with amino acid substitution include CDRL1 with substitution of one to three amino acids, preferably of three amino acids, at any or all of amino acid positions 9, 11, and 13 from the amino acid terminus in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 in the sequence listing. As an example of amino acid substitution in CDRL1, CDRL1 with substitution of one to three amino acids, preferably of three amino acids at any or all of amino acid positions 9, 11, and 13 from the amino acid terminus in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 in the sequence listing can be substituted. Specifically, serine (amino acid position 9), glycine (amino acid position 11), and threonine (amino acid position 13) in SEQ ID NO: 7 in the sequence listing can be substituted with amino acids selected from glutamic acid, lysine, and leucine, preferably with glutamic acid, lysine, and leucine, respectively (SEQ ID NO: 8 (
Asparagine residues in peptide or protein are reported to be susceptible to amidation under certain conditions (Gerger et al: The Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol. 262, No. 2, 785-794, 1987), and hence amino acid substitution in CDRs as described above can enhance the stability of the humanized antibody of the present invention.
Examples of the heavy chain variable region of a more preferred humanized antibody having the CDRHs above include: the amino acid sequence at amino acid positions 20 to 137 in SEQ ID NO: 11 (
Examples of more preferred humanized antibodies with more preferred combination of a heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region include: a humanized antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence at amino acid positions 20 to 137 in SEQ ID NO: 12 (
Still more preferred examples of full-length humanized antibodies comprising the more preferred combination of a heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region include: a humanized antibody (H-1140) comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence at amino acid positions 20 to 463 in SEQ ID NO: 12 (
The most preferred antibodies in the present invention are H-1140, H-1143, H-2140, and H-2143.
H-1140 has properties: 1) to specifically bind to human ROBO4, without binding to ROBO1, ROBO2, and ROBO3; 2) to have a KD value of 3.9 nM to human ROBO4; 3) to maintain the affinity for human ROBO4 at 40° C. for 4 weeks; 4) to inhibit the migration of HUVECs induced by one or more angiogenic factors selected from VEGF, bFGF, HGF, PDGF-BB, and SDF-1, in particular, VEGF or bFGF; 5) to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo; and 6) to exhibit low immunogenicity in ISPRI Web-based Immunogenicity Screening (EpiVax, Inc.).
H-1143 has properties: 1) to specifically bind to human ROBO4, without binding to ROBO1, ROBO2, and ROBO3; 2) to have a KD value of 3.5 nM to human ROBO4; 3) to maintain the affinity for human ROBO4 at 40° C. for 4 weeks; 4) to inhibit the migration of HUVECs induced by one or more angiogenic factors selected from VEGF, bFGF, HGF, PDGF-BB, and SDF-1, in particular, VEGF and bFGF; 5) to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo; and 6) to exhibit low immunogenicity in an EpiScreen (trademark) immunogenicity test (Antitope Ltd.).
H-2143 has properties: 1) to specifically bind to human ROBO4, without binding to ROBO1, ROBO2, and ROBO3; 2) to have a KD value of 1.7 nM to human ROBO4; 3) to maintain the affinity for human ROBO4 at 40° C. for 4 weeks; 4) to inhibit the migration of HUVECs induced by one or more angiogenic factors, for example, selected from VEGF, bFGF, HGF, PDGF-BB, and SDF-1, in particular, VEGF and bFGF; 5) to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo; 6) to exhibit low immunogenicity in an EpiScreen (trademark) immunogenicity test (Antitope Ltd.); and 7) to show no serious change in clinical signs, body weight, food intake, and results in a haematology test, blood chemical analysis, a pathological examination, and electroretinography after single intravitreal injection (2.75 mg/eye) to cynomolgus monkeys.
H-2140 has properties: 1) to specifically bind to human ROBO4, without binding to ROBO1, ROBO2, and ROBO3; 2) to have a KD value of 1.8 nM to human ROBO4; 3) to maintain the affinity for human ROBO4 at 40° C. for 4 weeks; 4) to inhibit the migration of HUVECs induced by one or more angiogenic factors selected from VEGF, bFGF, HGF, PDGF-BB, and SDF-1, in particular, VEGF and bFGF; 5) to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo; and 6) to exhibit low immunogenicity in an EpiScreen (trademark) immunogenicity test (Antitope Ltd.).
As long as the antibody has all or some of the activities described in (3-3) to (3-5) above, any antibody including an amino acid sequence having an identity of 95% or more, preferably having 97% or more, even more preferably having 99% or more to amino acid sequence of antibodies including H-1140, H-1143, H-2143, H-2140, H-1040, and H-2040 is included in the antibody of the present invention. As long as the antibody has all or some of the activities described in (3-3) to (3-5) above, any antibody that has CDRs identical to amino acid sequence to the CDRs of the antibody comprising the above combination of a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region, or any antibody comprising the above combination of a heavy chain and a light chain, and has an amino acid sequence other than the CDR amino acid sequence having 95% or more, more preferably 97% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more identity thereto are included in the antibody of the present invention.
(3-9) Antibody which Binds to Same Site
“Antibodies which bind to the same site” as the antibody provided by the present invention are also included in the antibody of the present invention. An “antibody which binds the same site” as a certain antibody refers to an antibody which binds to a site on an antigen molecule recognized by the certain antibody. If a second antibody binds to a partial peptide or partial three-dimensional structure on an antigen molecule to which a first antibody binds, it can be determined that the first antibody and the second antibody bind to the same site. In addition, by confirming that a second antibody competes with a first antibody for binding of the first antibody to an antigen, that is, that a second antibody interferes with binding of a first antibody to an antigen, it can be determined that the first antibody and the second antibody bind to the same site, even if the specific peptide sequence or three-dimensional structure of the binding site has not been determined. Furthermore, when a first antibody and a second antibody bind to the same site and the first antibody has an effect characteristic to a mode of the antibody of the present invention, such as angiogenesis-suppressing activity, the probability that the second antibody has the same activity is extremely high. Accordingly, if a second anti-ROBO4 antibody binds to a site to which a first anti-ROBO4 antibody binds, it can be determined that the first antibody and the second antibody bind to the same site on ROBO4 protein. In addition, if it is confirmed that a second anti-ROBO4 antibody competes with a first anti-ROBO4 antibody for binding of the first anti-ROBO4 antibody to ROBO4 protein, it can be determined that the first antibody and the second antibody bind to the same site on ROBO4 protein.
The present invention also includes antibodies which bind to a site on the ROBO4 protein invention recognized by MAb1 of the present invention(WO2013/160879).
A binding site to which an antibody binds can be determined by a method well known to a person skilled in the art, such as an immunoassay. For example, the amino acid sequence of an antigen is appropriately truncated from the C-terminus or N-terminus to produce a series of peptides, and the reactivity of an antibody to the peptides is studied, and recognition sites are roughly determined. Thereafter, further shorter peptides are synthesized, and the reactivity of the antibody to these peptides is then studied, so as to determine a binding site. Antigen fragment peptide can be prepared, for example, by using a technique of gene recombination or peptide synthesis.
If an antibody binds to or recognizes a partial higher-order structure of an antigen, the binding site to which the antibody binds can be determined by specifying the amino acid residues on the antigen adjacent to the antibody by X-ray structural analysis.
(3-10) Modified Form of anti-ROBO4 Antibody or Functional Fragment Thereof
The present invention provides a Modified form of an antibody or functional fragment thereof. The Modified form of the antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof refers to the antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof, which is chemically or biologically modified. Examples of such a chemical Modified form include the binding of a chemical moiety to an amino acid skeleton, and the chemical Modified form of an N-linked or O-linked carbohydrate chain. Examples of such a biological Modified form include antibodies which have undergone a posttranslational modification (e.g., an N-linked or O-linked glycosylation, N-terminal or C-terminal processing, deamidation, isomerization of aspartic acid, and oxidation of methionine), and antibodies of which a methionine residue is added to the N-terminus by expression using prokaryote host cells. In addition, such a modified form also includes labeled forms for enabling detection or isolation of the antibody of the present invention or an antigen, such as an enzyme-labeled form, a fluorescent-labeled form, and an affinity-labeled form. Such a modified form of the antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof is useful for the improvement of the stability and retention in blood of the original antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof, a reduction in antigenicity, detection or isolation of such an antibody or antigen, etc.
Examples of chemical moieties included in such a chemically modified form include water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), ethylene glycol/propylene glycol copolymer, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextran, and polyvinyl alcohol.
Examples of such a biological modification include products modified with enzymatic treatment, cellular treatment, or the like, fusion form to which other peptide such as a tag has been added through gene recombination, and products prepared by using host cells expressing endogenous or exogenous glycosylation enzyme.
Such modification may be performed at an arbitrary position or an intended position in an antibody or functional fragment thereof, and the same modification or two or more different modifications may be performed at one or two or more positions.
The antibody of the present invention may further be a conjugate formed by such an antibody and another drug (Immunoconjugate). Such an antibody can be, for example, an antibody that binds to a radioactive substance or a compound having pharmacological action (WO2013/160879).
In the present invention, the term “a Modified form of an antibody fragment” includes “a fragment of a modification of an antibody”.
It is known that the lysine residue at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of an antibody produced in cultured mammalian cells is deleted (Journal of Chromatography A, 705: 129-134 (1995)), and also, it is known that the two amino acid residues at the heavy chain carboxyl terminus, glycine and lysine, are deleted, and that the proline residue positioned newly at the carboxyl terminus is amidated (Analytical Biochemistry, 360: 75-83 (2007)). However, such deletion and modification of a heavy chain sequence do not affect the antigen-binding ability and effector function (activation of complement, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, etc.) of an antibody. Accordingly, the present invention also includes an antibody or functional fragment thereof that has undergone the aforementioned modification, and specific examples of such an antibody include a deletion mutant comprising a deletion of one or two amino acids at the heavy chain carboxyl terminus, and a deletion mutant formed by amidating the aforementioned deletion mutant (e.g., a heavy chain in which the proline residue at the carboxyl terminal site is amidated). However, deletion mutants involving a deletion at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody according to the present invention are not limited to the above described deletion mutants, as long as they retain antigen-binding ability and all or some of the activities described in (3-3) to (3-5). Two heavy chains constituting the antibody according to the present invention may be any one type of heavy chain selected from the group consisting of a full-length antibody and the above described deletion mutants, or a combination of any two types selected from the aforementioned group. The ratio of individual deletion mutants can be affected, for example, by the types of cultured mammalian cells that produce the antibody according to the present invention, and the culture conditions. The main ingredient of the antibody according to the present invention can be antibodies where one amino acid residue is deleted at each of the carboxyl termini of the two heavy chains. Such antibodies are all included in the antibody mutant of the present invention or functional fragment thereof, and the modified form of the antibody mutant or functional fragment thereof.
As one aspect of the present invention, the anti-ROBO4 antibody can be obtained, for example, in accordance with a method by Kohler and Milstein (Kohler and Milstein, Nature (1975)256, p. 495-497, Kennet, R. ed., Monoclonal Antibodies, p. 365-367, Plenum Press, N.Y. (1980)) (WO2013/160879).
The anti-ROBO4 antibody can be prepared in accordance with the hybridoma method, for example, by using cells expressing natural ROBO4 protein or cells expressing recombinant ROBO4 protein or a fragment thereof as immunogens (WO2013/160879).
The anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention can be also obtained by using a DNA immunization method. An antigen-expressing plasmid is transfected into an animal individual such as a mouse and a rat to allow the plasmid to express an antigen in the individual, thereby inducing immunity to the antigen. Existing examples of transfection techniques include a method of directly injecting a plasmid into the muscle, a method of intravenously injecting an introduction reagent such as liposomes and polyethyleneimine, a technique of using a virus vector, a technique of shooting a gold particle to which a plasmid has been attached with a Gene Gun, and a Hydrodynamic method to intravenously inject a huge amount of plasmid solution in a rapid fashion.
The antibody of the present invention can be prepared in a manner such that a nucleotide including a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain (heavy chain nucleotide) and a nucleotide including a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the light chain (light chain nucleotide), or a vector into which the heavy chain nucleotide has been inserted and a vector into which the light chain nucleotide has been inserted are introduced into host cells, and the cells are cultured and then the antibody of interest is collected from the culture, and the antibody obtained in this manner is also included in the present invention (WO2013/160879).
Examples of humanized antibodies include, but are not limited to, antibodies obtained by incorporating only CDRs of a non-human animal antibody into a human-derived antibody (see Nature (1986)321, p. 522-525); antibodies obtained by transplanting not only such CDR sequences but also amino acid residues of some frameworks into a human antibody with CDR grafting (see WO90/07861, U.S. Pat. No. 6,972,323); and such antibodies in which one or two or more amino acids of a non-human animal antibody have been substituted with human-type amino acids in any of these humanized antibodies(WO2013/160879).
Another example of the antibody of the present invention can be a human antibody. A human anti-ROBO4 antibody refers to an anti-ROBO4 antibody consisting of the amino acid sequence of a human-derived antibody. Such a human anti-ROBO4 antibody can be obtained by using a known method such as a method using a human antibody-producing mouse having a genome DNA fragment comprising the heavy chain and light chain genes of a human antibody, and a method of obtaining a phage display-derived human antibody that has been selected from a human antibody library (WO2013/160879).
Methods for producing a single chain antibody are known (e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946,778, 5,260,203, 5,091,513, 5,455,030).
Functional fragments of other antibodies can be obtained similarly in accordance with a common method, in which a gene encoding such a functional fragment is obtained and introduced into cells, and the functional fragment is collected from the culture of the cells.
The antibody of the present invention may be an antibody that has been multimerized to enhance affinity for an antigen. The antibody to be multimerized may be either a single type of antibody, or multiple antibodies recognizing multiple epitopes of a single antigen.
The obtained antibody can be purified to a homogenous state. For separation and purification of the antibody, separation and purification methods used for ordinary proteins may be used.
For example, column chromatography, filtration, ultrafiltration, salting-out, dialysis, preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, etc. are appropriately selected and combined with one another, so that the antibody can be separated and purified, though the separation and purification methods are not limited thereto.
The present invention includes an antibody or function fragment thereof, or a modified form of the antibody or function fragment thereof obtained by using a method for producing an antibody or function fragment thereof, or a modified form of the antibody or function fragment thereof, the method comprising a step of culturing cells into which a nucleotide (antibody gene) or vector encoding the antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the antibody or functional fragment thereof has been introduced, and collecting the antibody or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the antibody or functional fragment thereof from the culture.
The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof, or a modified form of the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is useful for treatment or prevention of diseases such that shows angiogenesis as one of pathological findings in the course of onset, progression, and/or exacerbation, and suppression of such angiogenesis and/or vascular permeability improves the pathological condition (hereinafter, referred to as “angiogenetic diseases” for convenience), preferably of ophthalmic angiogenic diseases (ocular angiogenic diseases). Examples of angiogenic diseases include exudative age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema (e.g., diabetic macular edema), central retinal vein occlusion, benign or malignant tumor, atherosclerosis, retrolental fibroplasia, haemangioma, chronic inflammation, intraocular neovascular disease, proliferative retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, immune rejection of transplanted corneal tissue or other tissue, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, acute inflammation, sepsis, and adiposity, and preferred examples are exudative age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema (e.g., diabetic macular edema), central retinal vein occlusion, intraocular neovascular disease, proliferative retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, and immune rejection of transplanted corneal tissue.
In the present invention, treatment and/or therapeutic prevention of a disease include(s), but are not limited to, prevention of the onset of such a disease, preferably of such a disease in an individual with expression of ROBO4 protein, or suppression or inhibition of the exacerbation or progression thereof; mitigation of one or more symptoms exhibited by an individual affected with such a disease, or suppression or remission of the exacerbation or progression thereof; and treatment or prevention of secondary diseases.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can comprise a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment of the antibody, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier, solubilizer, emulsifier, preservative, and/or adjuvant.
The phrase “therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount” is used to mean an amount such that therapeutic or prophylactic effect is exerted with a specific mode of administration and administration route for a specific disease.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can comprise a substance (hereinafter, referred to as “pharmaceutical substance”) for altering, maintaining, or retaining pH, osmotic pressure, viscosity, transparency, color, isotonicity, sterility, the stability of the composition or an antibody comprised therein, solubility, sustained releasability, absorbability, permeability, dosage form, strength, character, shape, etc. The pharmaceutical substance may be any pharmacologically acceptable substance. For example, being non-toxic or having low toxicity is a property preferably possessed by the pharmaceutical substance.
Examples of the pharmaceutical substance can include the following substances, but are not limited thereto: amino acids such as glycine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine or lysine; antibacterial agents; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, sodium sulfate or sodium hydrogen sulfite; buffers such as a phosphate, citrate or borate buffer, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or a Tris-HCl solution; fillers such as mannitol or glycine; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); complexing agents such as caffeine, polyvinylpyrrolidine, β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; bulking agents such as glucose, mannose or dextrin; other carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, glucose, mannose, and dextrin; a coloring agent; a flavor agent; a diluent; an emulsifier; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidine; a low-molecular-weight polypeptide; salt-forming counterions; antiseptics such as benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, thimerosal, phenethyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorhexidine, sorbic acid or hydrogen peroxide; solvents such as glycerin, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; suspending agent; PEG; sorbitan esters; polysorbates such as polysorbate 20 or polysorbate 80; surfactants such as Triton, tromethamine, lecithin or cholesterol; stability enhancers such as sucrose or sorbitol; elasticity enhancers such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol or sorbitol; transporting agents; diluents; excipients; and/or pharmaceutical adjuvants.
The amount of such a pharmaceutical substance to be added is 0.001 to 1000 times, preferably 0.01 to 100 times, more preferably 0.1 to 10 times higher than the weight of the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising an immunoliposome comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof in a liposome, or an modified form of the antibody in which the antibody and a liposome are binding together (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,388).
An excipient or a carrier is typically a liquid or a solid, and may be any of water for injection, normal saline, an artificial cerebrospinal fluid, or other substances commonly used in formulations for oral administration or parenteral administration. Examples of normal saline include neutral normal saline and normal saline comprising serum albumin.
Examples of buffers include a Tris buffer prepared to provide the pharmaceutical composition with a final pH of 7.0 to 8.5, an acetate buffer prepared for a final pH of 4.0 to 5.5, a citrate buffer prepared for a final pH of 5.0 to 8.0, and a histidine buffer prepared for a final pH of 5.0 to 8.0.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a solid, a liquid, a suspension, or the like. A freeze-dried formulation is an example. To form a freeze-dried formulation, an excipient such as sucrose can be used.
The administration route of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be any of enteral administration, topical administration, and parenteral administration, and a preferred administration route depending on a disease of interest can be selected. Specific examples thereof include intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intramuscular administration, intradermal administration, subcutaneous administration, intraperitoneal administration, transdermal administration, intraosseous administration, and intraarticular administration.
In addition, intraocular or intravitreal administration can be preferably used for ocular angiogenic diseases including exudative age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema (e.g., diabetic macular edema), central retinal vein occlusion, retrolental fibroplasia, intraocular neovascular disease, proliferative retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, and immune rejection of transplanted corneal tissue.
The composition of the pharmaceutical composition can be determined depending on the administration method, the binding affinity of the antibody for ROBO4 protein, etc. As the anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof has higher affinity for ROBO4 protein (i.e., the KD value is lower), the pharmaceutical composition can exhibit medicinal effects even with a smaller dose.
The dose of the anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention can be appropriately determined depending on the species of an individual, the type of a disease, symptoms, sex, age, chronic illness, the binding affinity of the antibody for ROBO4 protein or the biological activity of the antibody, and other factors, and typically 0.01 to 1000 mg/kg, preferably 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of the anti-ROBO4 antibody of the present invention can be administered once every 1 to 180 days, or twice or three times or more a day.
Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition include an injection (including a freeze-dried formulation, a drip infusion), a suppository, a transnasal absorption formulation, a transdermal absorption formulation, a sublingual agent, a capsule, a tablet, an ointment, a granule, an aerosol, a pill, a powder, a suspension, an emulsion, an ophthalmic preparation, and a formulation for biological implantation.
The anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof or a modified form of the anti-ROBO4 antibody or functional fragment thereof (hereinafter, referred to as “the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like”) can be used in combination with an additional agent. The anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like as an active ingredient can be administered simultaneously with or separately from a pharmaceutical composition comprising an additional agent, namely, a drug other than the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like, as an active ingredient. For example, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like as an active ingredient may be administered after an additional agent is administered; an additional agent may be administered after a pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like as an active ingredient is administered; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like as an active ingredient and an additional agent may be simultaneously administered. In the present invention, both the case where the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are both comprised as active ingredients in a single pharmaceutical composition and the case where the active ingredients are comprised separately in a plurality of pharmaceutical compositions are referred to as a “pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent”. In the present invention, such a “pharmaceutical composition” has the same meaning as a “pharmaceutical composition such that the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are administered in combination”.
In the present invention, the situation that the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are “administered in combination” means that the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are incorporated in the body of a subject by administration in a certain period of time. A single formulation containing the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent may be administered, and they may be separately formulated and separately administered. In a case where the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are separately formulated, the timing of administration is not limited, and the formulations may be administered simultaneously, or separately at different times with a certain interval of time, or on different days. In a case where the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are administered separately at different times or on different days, the order of administration is not limited. Since different formulations are typically administered in different administration methods, the number of administrations is identical between the formulations in some cases and different therebetween in other cases. In a case where the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are separately formulated, the administration methods (administration routes) for the formulations may be identical, and the formulations may be administered in different administration methods (administration routes). The anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are not required to be simultaneously present in the body, and only required to be incorporated in the body for a certain period of time (e.g., for 1 month, preferably for 1 week, more preferably for several days, even more preferably for 1 day), and one of the active ingredients may have disappeared from the body when the other is administered.
Examples of the mode of administration of the “pharmaceutical composition such that the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are administered in combination” include: 1) administration of a single formulation containing the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent; 2) simultaneous administration of two formulations obtained by separately formulating the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent through the same administration route; 3) administration of two formulations obtained by separately formulating the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent through the same administration route with an interval of time; 4) simultaneous administration of two formulations obtained by separately formulating the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent through different administration routes; and 5) administration of two formulations obtained by separately formulating the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent through different administration routes with an interval of time. The dose, interval of administration, mode of administration, formulation, etc., of the “pharmaceutical composition such that the anti-ROBO4 antibody or the like and an additional agent are administered in combination” are according to those for the pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-ROBO4 antibody, though they are not limited thereto.
In a case where the pharmaceutical composition is formulated into two different formulations, a kit comprising the formulations may be applied.
In the present invention, “combination” of the anti-ROBO4 antibody and an additional agent means that the anti-ROBO4 antibody and an additional agent are “administered in combination”.
In the present invention, the “additional agent” may be any angiogenesis suppressor, anti-inflammatory drug, or the like, and is preferably VEGF antagonist, PDGF antagonist, or a steroid, and more preferably VEGF antagonist.
Examples of VEGF antagonist include molecules capable of neutralizing, blocking, inhibiting, preventing, reducing, or interfering with VEGF activities including binding to VEGF or one or more VEGF receptors or nucleic acids encoding them.
Examples of preferred VEGF antagonist include an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, fusion protein, immunoadhesin, a nucleic acid, an oligonucleotide, an aptamer, a polypeptide, and a low-molecular-weight compound. Examples of preferred VEGF antagonist include aflibercept (VEGF-trap), ranibizumab, bevacizumab, brolucizumab, LMG324, RG7716, pegaptanib sodium, abicipar pegol, DE-120, and OPT-302. Examples of more preferred VEGF antagonist include aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. VEGF antagonist includes biosimilars (follow-on biologics) and generic medicaments of the antagonist. However, the “additional agent” comprised in the combination or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not limited thereto.
A further additional medicament can be used for the combination or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Examples of the further additional medicament include various therapies including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and drugs for PDT.
The present invention also provides a method for treating or preventing angiogenic diseases, preferably ROBO4-associated diseases such as ocular angiogenic diseases, use of the antibody of the present invention for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing the disease, and use of the antibody of the present invention for treating or preventing the disease. A kit comprising the antibody of the present invention for treatment or prevention is also included in the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
Unless otherwise specified, individual operations regarding the following Examples have been carried out by using methods described in experimental manuals used by persons skilled in the art, or when commercially available reagents or kits have been used, the examples have been carried out in accordance with the instructions included in the commercially available products.
H-RPE cells (Lonza Walkersville, Inc) were cultured in 2% Fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing RtEGM medium (Lonza Walkersville, Inc) at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. H-RPE cells were detached from the dish, and subsequently collected. After centrifugation, the H-RPE cells were resuspended in 2% FCS-containing RtEGM medium at a density of 2×105 cells/mL. To a lower well of a 12 mm Transwell with 0.4 μm Pore Polyester Membrane Insert, Sterile (12-well transwell plate, Corning Incorporated), 2% FCS-containing RtEGM medium was added at 1.5 mL/well, and the cell suspension of 2×105 cells/mL was then added to an upper chamber at 0.5 mL/well. On the next day, the media in the upper chamber and lower well of the 12-well transwell plate were replaced with FCS-free RtEGM medium at 0.5 mL/well and 1.5 mL/well, respectively. Thereafter, the media in the upper chamber and lower chamber were replaced every 2 to 3 days. After culturing for approximately 1 month, the H-RPE cells were washed with HEPES buffer (Kurabo Industries Ltd.), and 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 medium (Kurabo Industries Ltd.) was added to the upper chamber and lower well of the 12-well transwell plate at 0.5 mL/well and 1 mL/well, respectively. After about 25 h of cultivation at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, the medium in the lower well was collected for use as H-RPE cell culture supernatant. The H-RPE cell culture supernatant was stored in liquid nitrogen before use in this study.
HUVECs (Kurabo Industries Ltd.) were cultured in 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 for 19 hours, and then resuspended in 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 at a density of 4×105 cells/mL. To an upper chamber of a Corning FluoroBlok HTS 96 Well Multiwell Permeable Support System with 3.0 μm High Density PET Membrane (FluoroBlok HTS 96 Well Multiwell Support System, Corning Incorporated) coated with gelatin, the HUVEC suspension of 4×105 cells/mL was added at 50 μL/well, and the following samples were then added to a lower well at 210 μL/well (n=3).
To an upper chamber without HUVECs, 50 μL of 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 was added, and 210 μL of 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 was added to a lower well (blank, n=3).
The FluoroBlok HTS 96 Well Multiwell Support System to which the cells and the samples had been added was incubated at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. After 3 hours of incubation, HUVECs migrating to the underside of the chamber in the upper plate were washed once with PBS, and labeled by incubating for 15 min at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 with HuMedia-EB2 supplemented with 4 μg/mL of Calcein-AM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). Thereafter, fluorescence intensity (excitation wavelength/fluorescence wavelength: 485 nm/538 nm) was measured for each well by using a plate reader (SpectraMAX M3, Molecular Devices, LLC.), and cell migration in each well was calculated according to the following formula.
Cell migration=mean of fluorescence intensity for wells with HUVECs (n=3)−mean of fluorescence intensity for wells without HUVECs (n=3)
The results are shown in
The culture supernatant prepared in Example 1 was used.
A HUVEC migration assay was performed in the manner shown in 1)-2. HUVECs cultured in 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 for approximately 22 hours were used for the migration assay, and the following samples were added to a lower layer of a chamber.
The results are shown in
The culture supernatant prepared in Example 1 was used.
A HUVEC migration test was performed in the manner shown in 1)-2. HUVECs cultured in 0.1% BSA-containing HuMedia-EB2 at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 for 18 hours were used for the migration assay, and the following samples were added to a lower layer of a chamber.
The results are shown in
The combination of an antibody and an additional agent provided by the present invention enables treatment or prevention of various ocular angiogenic diseases.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-200551 | Oct 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/036721 | 10/11/2017 | WO | 00 |
