Patent Application
20070291373
Generally, the emitting aperture of some laser diode embodiments of the laser emitter 12 may be rectangular in shape with the long dimension along the slow axis direction 18 of the laser emitter 12 having a size of typically tens or hundreds of microns, while the short dimension along the fast axis direction 16 is typically one to several microns in size. Radiation such as light energy emerging from a laser emitter 12 diverges with the divergence angle being greater along the short or fast axis emitter direction 16. Divergence angles are lower in the direction of the long or slow axis emitter direction. Some embodiments of the laser emitter 12 may have a physical width in the slow axis direction 18 of about 50 microns to about 300 microns, a height in the fast axis direction 16 of about 1 micron to about 3 microns, and a cavity length along the emission axis direction of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm. Such laser emitter embodiments 12 may have a divergence of light energy output of about 2 degrees to about 12 degrees in the slow axis direction 18 and a divergence of light energy output of about 30 degrees to about 75 degrees in the fast axis direction 16. Some laser emitter embodiments 12 may include laser diodes such as edge emitting laser diodes, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and the like. Materials for some embodiments of the laser emitter of the laser emitter bar 10 may include semiconductor materials such as GaAs, InP or any other suitable laser gain medium.
Some embodiments of the laser emitter 12 may emit light energy having a wavelength of about 700 nm to about 1500 nm, more specifically, about 800 nm to about 1000 nm. In addition, some embodiments of laser emitter 12 may emit light having a centroid or peak wavelength of about 300 nm to about 2000 nm, more specifically, of about 600 nm to about 1000 nm, including wavelengths across the near infrared spectrum. Some embodiments of useful laser emitters 12 may emit light at a peak wavelength of about 350 nm to about 550 nm, 600 nm to about 1350 nm or about 1450 nm to about 2000 nm. Such laser emitters 12 may be operated in either a pulsed mode or continuous wave mode. Frequently, the output spectral band of individual laser emitters 12 which are not wavelength controlled (for example wavelength controlled by providing wavelength-dependent feedback from a VIG or the like) may be about 0.5 nm to about 2.0 nm or more. Due to the variation in peak emission wavelength in addition to the spectral band for each individual laser emitter 12, the overall bandwidth of a laser emitter bar embodiment that includes multiple laser emitters, discussed in more detail below, may be about 2 nm to about 5 nm, for some embodiments.
The fast axis collimator element 28 may be a cylindrical lens or a portion thereof having a focal length that is configured to substantially collimate light energy from the laser emitter 12 in a fast axis direction 26. The collimation of light energy in the fast axis direction 26 for some embodiments may be sufficient such that at least about 70 percent of the emitted light energy from the laser emitter 12 incident on the wavelength control element 34 is within an acceptance angle of the wavelength control element 34. For such a configuration, the wavelength control element 34 may reflect about 5 percent to about 35 percent of the incident light energy back towards the laser emitter 12 in the form of optical feedback. Some embodiments of the cylindrical lens of the fast axis collimator element 28 may have a width in the fast axis direction 26 of about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, a thickness of about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm and a focal length of about 0.15 mm to about 1 mm. Suitable materials for the fast axis collimator element 28 may include quartz, silica glass as well as other optical materials.
The integrated optical element embodiment 30 shown is formed from a single piece of optical material, however, similar embodiments may be made from separate elements which are thereafter bonded or otherwise secured together to form a unitary structure. The integrated optical element 30 as a whole or portions thereof may be made from a variety of suitable optical materials such as quartz, silica glass and the like. However, for embodiments of the integrated optical element 30 that are made from a single optical material, it may be useful for the optical material to be a photo-sensitive material so that a wavelength control element 34 in the form of a VIG or the like may be written or otherwise created directly into the optical material adjacent the slow axis collimator element 32. Such optical materials may include photo-refractive crystal materials such as LiNbO3 and BGO. The optical material may also include glasses, polymers and dichromated gelatins.
The slow axis collimator element 32 is a cylindrical lens formed into the optical material of the integrated optical element 30 that substantially collimates the light energy output of the laser emitter 12 in the slow axis direction 27 and has a convex outer surface 42. Some embodiments of the cylindrical lens of the slow axis collimator element 32 of the integrated optical element 30 may have a width in the slow axis direction 27 of about 1 mm to about 12 mm, a thickness of about 1 mm to about 5 mm and a focal length of about 2 mm to about 10 mm.
The wavelength control element 34 shown is a VIG which is written into the optical material of the integrated optical element 30 adjacent the slow axis collimator element 32. Creation of periodic perturbations in a zone of the optical material of the integrated optical element 30 adjacent the slow axis collimator element 32 may be used to generate the wavelength control element 34 in the optical material of the integrated optical element 30. The wavelength control element 34 may be used to narrow a spectral band of the light energy of the laser emitter 12. Such VIG embodiments may also be known as volume Bragg gratings (VBGs), volume holographic gratings (VHGs) or any other suitable device. The wavelength control element 34 may be generated to have a variety of useful configurations including a chirped configuration, a graded configuration or the like. Chirped or graded VIG configurations may be used to provide predetermined patterns or spectral profiles for the optical feedback reflected from the wavelength control element 34 back into the laser emitter 12. The VIG or wavelength control element 34 shown may have a width along the slow axis direction 27 of about 1 mm to about 12 mm and a thickness of about 0.3 mm to about 3 mm.
In use, light energy may be coupled into an optical conduit, such as fiber optic 40, by emitting light energy from the laser emitter 12 and collimating the emitted light energy in a fast axis direction 26 with the fast axis collimator element 28. The fast axis collimated light energy then propagates from the fast axis collimator element 28 to the wavelength control element 34 of the integrated optical element 30. Light energy having a suitable angle of incidence with respect to the wavelength control element 34 for acceptance into the wavelength control element 34 may then enter the wavelength control element 34. For some embodiments, at least about 70 percent of the emitted light energy incident on the wavelength control element 34 is collimated in a fast axis direction 26 sufficiently to be within an acceptance angle of the wavelength control element 34.
Some embodiments of the wavelength control element 34 may then control or otherwise modify the wavelength or spectral band of the light energy by providing optical feedback to the laser emitter 12. As discussed above, for some embodiments, the light energy of the optical feedback from the wavelength control element 34 may include a narrowed spectral band with respect to the light energy incident on the wavelength control element 34 from the laser emitter 12. Such a configuration may provide at least about 5 percent reflection of the light energy incident on the wavelength control element 34 back towards the laser emitter 12 in the form of optical feedback with the reflected optical feedback having been controlled or narrowed in the spectral band. The light energy which has not been reflected passes through the wavelength control element 34 and is then collimated in the slow axis direction 27 with the slow axis collimator element 32. The light energy may then be focused by the focusing optics 36 and directed into the fiber optic 40.
The integrated optical element 48 shown having all three elements 50, 52 and 54 is formed from a single piece of optical material, however, similar embodiments may be made from separate elements which are thereafter bonded or otherwise secured together to form a unitary structure. The integrated optical element 48 as a whole or portions thereof may be made from a variety of suitable optical materials such as quartz, silica glass and the like. However, for embodiments of the integrated optical element 48 that are made from a single optical material, it may be useful for the optical material to be a photo-sensitive material, such as those discussed above, so that a wavelength control element 50 in the form of a VIG or the like may be written or otherwise created directly into the optical material between the slow axis collimator element 52 and the fast axis collimator element 54.
The fast axis collimator element 54 may be a cylindrical lens or a portion thereof having an outer convex surface 56 and a focal length that is configured to substantially collimate and focus light energy from the laser emitter 12 in a fast axis direction 58. The collimation and focusing of light energy in the fast axis direction 58 for some embodiments may be sufficient such that at least about 70 percent of the emitted light energy from the laser emitter 12 incident on the wavelength control element 50 is within an acceptance angle of the wavelength control element 50. Some embodiments of the cylindrical lens of the fast axis collimator element 54 may have a width along the fast axis direction 58 of about 1 mm to about 5 mm, a thickness of about 1 mm to about 5 mm and a focal length of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm. Suitable materials for the fast axis collimator element 54 may include quartz, silica glass and the like.
The slow axis collimator element 52 is a cylindrical lens formed into the optical material of the integrated optical element 48 that substantially collimates and focuses the light energy output of the laser emitter 12 in the slow axis direction 60 and has a convex outer surface 62. Some embodiments of the cylindrical lens of the slow axis collimator element 52 of the integrated optical element 48 may have a width along the slow axis direction 60 of about 1 mm to about 12 mm, a thickness of about 1 mm to about 5 mm and a focal length of about 2 mm to about 10 mm.
The wavelength control element 50 in the form of a VIG may be written or otherwise formed into the material between the slow axis collimator element 52 and fast axis collimator element 54. As discussed above, the creation of periodic perturbations in a zone of the optical material of the integrated optical element 48 adjacent the slow axis collimator element 52 may be used to generate the wavelength control element 50 in the optical material of the integrated optical element 48. The wavelength control element 50 may be used to narrow a spectral band of the light energy of the laser emitter 12 and may also have a chirped configuration, a graded configuration or the like. The VIG or wavelength control element 50 shown may have a width along the slow axis direction 60 of about 1 mm to about 12 mm and a thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm.
In use, light energy may be coupled into an optical conduit, such as fiber optic 40, by emitting light energy from the laser emitter 12. The emitted light energy then enters the fast axis collimator element 54 of the integrated optical element 48 where the emitted light energy is collimated and focused in the fast axis direction 58. The fast axis collimated and focused light energy then propagates from the fast axis collimator element 54 to the wavelength control element 50 of the integrated optical element 48.
Light energy having a suitable angle of incidence with respect to the wavelength control element 50 may then enter the wavelength control element 50 or otherwise be transformed by the wavelength control element 50. For some embodiments, at least about 70 percent of the emitted light energy incident on the wavelength control element 50 is collimated and focused in a fast axis direction 58 sufficiently to be within an acceptance angle of the wavelength control element 50. Some embodiments of the wavelength control element 50 may then control or otherwise modify the wavelength or spectral band of a portion of the light energy and provide optical feedback to the laser emitter 12 in the form of reflected light energy. For some embodiments, at least about 5 percent of the light energy incident on the wavelength control element 50 is reflected back towards the laser emitter 12 to provide optical feedback to the laser emitter 12.
As discussed above, for some embodiments, the light energy of the optical feedback from the wavelength control element 50 may include a narrowed spectral band with respect to the light energy incident on the wavelength control element from the laser emitter 12. Light energy that has not been reflected by the wavelength control element 50 may then pass through the wavelength control element 50 and be collimated and focused in the slow axis direction 60 with the slow axis collimator element 52. The focused light energy may then be directed into the fiber optic 40 or any other suitable optical conduit or receptacle.
Laser emitter bar embodiments 70 having multiple laser emitters 12 may have any suitable number of laser emitters, such as about 2 laser emitters 12 to about 100 laser emitters 12, more specifically, about 10 laser emitters 12 to about 66 laser emitters 12. Some laser emitter bar embodiments 70 may include an even number of laser emitters 12 such as about 8, 10, 20, 38 or 48 emitters 12. For some embodiments, each laser emitter bar 70 having about 6 emitters may have an output power of about 5 W to about 50 W, more specifically, about 10 W to about 20 W. Due to the variation in peak emission wavelength in addition to the spectral band for each individual laser emitter 12, the overall bandwidth of a laser emitter bar embodiment 70 that includes multiple laser emitters 12 may be about 2 nm to about 5 nm.
The fast axis collimator element 88 may be a cylindrical lens or a portion thereof having a focal length that is configured to substantially collimate light energy from the laser emitters 12 in the fast axis direction 90. The collimation of light energy in the fast axis direction 90 for some embodiments may be sufficient such that at least about 70 percent of the emitted light energy from the laser emitters 12 incident on the wavelength control element 94 is within an acceptance angle of the wavelength control element 94. For such a configuration, the wavelength control element 94 may reflect about 5 percent of the incident light energy back towards the laser emitters 12 in the form of optical feedback. Some embodiments of the cylindrical lens of the fast axis collimator element 88 may have a width along the fast axis direction 90 of about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, a thickness of about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm and a focal length of about 0.15 mm to about 1 mm. Suitable materials for the fast axis collimator element 88 may include quartz, silica glass as well as other suitable optical materials.
The integrated optical element embodiment 82 shown is formed from a single piece of optical material, however, similar embodiments may be made from separate elements which are thereafter bonded or otherwise secured together to form a unitary structure. The integrated optical element 82 as a whole or portions thereof may be made from a variety of suitable optical materials such as quartz, silica glass and the like. Integrated optical element embodiments 82 that are made from a single optical material may be made from a photo-sensitive material, such as those discussed above, so that the wavelength control element 94 in the form of a VIG or the like may be written or otherwise created directly into the optical material adjacent the slow axis collimator element 92.
The slow axis collimator element 92 is an array of cylindrical lenses 98 formed into the optical material of the integrated optical element 82. Each cylindrical lens 98 substantially collimates the light energy output of a respective laser emitter 12 in the slow axis direction 86. Each cylindrical lens 98 of the array has a convex outer surface 100 and may have a width along the slow axis direction 86 of about 5 mm to about 12 mm, a thickness of about 1 mm to about 5 mm and a focal length of about 2 mm to about 10 mm.
The wavelength control element 94 shown is a VIG which is written into the optical material of the integrated optical element 82 adjacent the cylindrical lens array of the slow axis collimator element 92. The VIG may be created as discussed above with periodic perturbations generated in a zone of the optical material of the integrated optical element 82 adjacent the slow axis collimator element 92 and may include a chirped configuration, a graded configuration or the like. The VIG or wavelength control element 94 shown may have a width along the slow axis direction 86 of about 5 mm to about 12 mm and a thickness of about 0.3 mm to about 3 mm.
In use, light energy may be coupled into an optical conduit, such as fiber optic 40, by emitting light energy from the laser emitters 12 of the laser emitter bar 70 and collimating the emitted light energy in the fast axis direction 90 with the fast axis collimator element 88. The fast axis collimated light energy then propagates from the fast axis collimator element 88 to the wavelength control element 94 of the integrated optical element 82. Light energy having a suitable angle of incidence with respect to the wavelength control element 94 for acceptance into the wavelength control element 94 may then enter the wavelength control element 94. For some embodiments, at least about 70 percent of the emitted light energy incident on the wavelength control element 94 is collimated in a fast axis direction sufficiently to be within an acceptance angle of the wavelength control element 94.
Some embodiments of the wavelength control element 94 may then control or otherwise modify the wavelength or spectral band of the light energy by providing optical feedback to the laser emitters 12. As discussed above, for some embodiments, the light energy of the optical feedback from the wavelength control element 94 may include a narrowed spectral band with respect to the spectral band of the light energy incident on the wavelength control element 94 from the laser emitters 12. Such a configuration may provide at least about 5 percent reflection of the light energy incident on the wavelength control element 94 back towards the laser emitters 12 in the form of optical feedback with the reflected optical feedback having been controlled or narrowed in the spectral band. The light energy of each laser emitter 12 which has not been reflected by the wavelength control element 94 then passes through the wavelength control element 94. This light energy is then collimated in the slow axis direction 86 by a respective cylindrical lens 98 of the cylindrical lens array of the slow axis collimator element 92. The light energy may then be focused by the focusing optics 96 and directed into the fiber optic 40 or any other suitable optical conduit or receptacle.
Although the embodiment of the optical apparatus of
With regard to the above detailed description, like reference numerals used therein refer to like elements that may have the same or similar dimensions, materials and configurations. While particular forms of embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited by the forgoing detailed description.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. section 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent application Ser. No. 60/881,642 titled “Coupling Devices and Methods for Laser Emitters”, filed Jan. 22, 2007, by Hu, Y. et al. and U.S. Provisional Patent application Ser. No. 60/814,565 titled “Diode Laser System and Method of Manufacture”, filed Jun. 15, 2006, by Srinivasan, R. et al., both of which are also incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60881642 | Jan 2007 | US | |
| 60814565 | Jun 2006 | US |
