Patent Application
20130095601
This invention relates to a system and method of cleaning a deposition chamber.
Deposition methods can result in film growth not only covering the substrate to be coated, but also the reaction chamber walls and shields. For example, a first precursor can form a layer on a deposition chamber surface and can react with a second precursor to form a layer of a material on a deposition chamber surface. This, in turn, can lead to build up of deposits on the chamber walls and shields over time.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin film deposition technique that is based on the sequential use of a gas phase chemical process. By using ALD, film thickness depends only on the number of reaction cycles, which makes the thickness control accurate and simple. Unlike chemical vapor deposition (CVD), there is less need of reactant flux homogeneity, which gives large area (large batch and easy scale-up) capability, excellent conformality and reproducibility, and simplifies the use of solid precursors.
Manufacturing a semiconductor device can include a thin film deposition process. Many deposition methods inadvertently result in film growth not only covering the substrate to be coated, but also the reaction chamber walls and shields. For example, in an atomic layer deposition or chemical vapor deposition, all surfaces suitable to allow for adsorption of the first precursor and providing conditions to allow the chemical reaction to occur with the second precursor. This can inadvertently result in film growth not only covering the substrate to be coated, but also the reaction chamber walls and shields. At some point deposition build up on the walls and shields reaches a critical thickness where film stress results in delamination. The ensuing flaking particles are typically undesirable and impact the film to be grown on the substrate. Thus, the walls and shields need to be cleaned periodically.
Cleaning is typically done by removing the shields and cleaning them either mechanically (e.g. bead blasting, brushing) or through chemical immersion. These cleaning procedures can adversely affect a reduction in equipment availability (uptime). In order for a deposition process to be an economically viable process in volume manufacturing applications, it is desirable to minimize equipment downtime associated with cleaning. One approach to minimizing cleaning downtime is to simplify the process of removing and replacing shields. These fast-change shields can be effective in reducing preventative maintenance down time. However, further improvement is required for cost effective deposition process, particularly in cost sensitive applications. A new method and system are developed to address cleaning deposition chamber surfaces coated with deposition materials.
An in-situ deposition chamber cleaning method can be used to remove the deposit build-up by deposition processes such as ALD and CVD. Examples, of films formed by such deposition processes can include metal chalcogenides. Examples of metal chalcogenides formed on deposition chamber surfaces include aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum sulfide (Al2S3), aluminum selenide (Al2Se3) (or combinations thereof), indium oxide (In2O3), indium sulfide (In2S3), indium selenide (In2Se3) (or combinations thereof), or zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), or zinc selenide (ZnSe) (or combinations thereof), or titanium oxide (TiO2), titanium sulfide (TiS2), or titanium selenide (TiSe2) (or combinations thereof). The in-situ cleaning method can clean the chamber wall and shield, without removal of the shields from the reactor. A goal of this in-situ cleaning method is to provide for more frequent cleaning cycles thereby reducing the particle generation and associated yield and process performance problems. Another goal of this alternate cleaning method is to improve deposition tool availability by providing a fast chamber cleaning method that does not require tool downtime. Specifically, it can clean the chamber chemically in-situ rather than mechanically or chemically ex-situ. In some embodiments, a reactive gas, such as gas phase hydrogen chloride (HCl), can be flown through the reactor. The reactive gas can include any suitable gas that can react with the deposits on the chamber walls and shields in such a way as to remove the deposited film.
In one aspect, a method of cleaning a deposition chamber can include pulsing a reactive gas including a hydrogen halide into a deposition chamber containing a metal chalcogenide formed on a deposition chamber surface to form a purgable material. The method can include purging the purgable material from the deposition chamber.
The purgable material can include forming a vapor. The purgable material can include a particulate. The hydrogen halide can include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, or hydrogen fluoride. Purging the purgable material from the deposition chamber can include pulsing an inert gas into the deposition chamber to flush the purgable material out of the chamber. The method can include heating the deposition chamber to maintain the purgable vapor material as a vapor. The method can include introducing a chemically reactive plasma into the deposition chamber to react with metal chalcogenide.
The method can include pulsing a second reactive gas into the deposition chamber after pulsing the reactive gas into the deposition chamber. The second reactive gas can include oxygen. The second reactive gas can include an acid. The second reactive gas can include fluorine. The second reactive gas can include tetrafluoromethane.
As mentioned above, purging the purgable material from the deposition chamber can include pulsing an inert gas into the deposition chamber. The inert gas can include helium. The inert gas can include nitrogen.
In another aspect, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device can include transporting a substrate into a deposition chamber and forming a buffer layer adjacent to the substrate. Forming the buffer layer can include pulsing at least one metal precursor and pulsing at least one chalcogen precursor into the chamber. The method can include transporting the substrate with the deposited buffer layer out of the chamber. The method can include pulsing a reactive gas including a hydrogen halide into the deposition chamber to react with a metal chalcogenide formed on a deposition chamber surface to form a purgable material. The method can include purging the purgable material from the deposition chamber. The method can include purging the chalcogen precursor before pulsing the reactive gas into the deposition chamber.
The purgable material can include a vapor. The purgable material can include a particulate. The hydrogen halide can include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, or hydrogen fluoride. Purging the purgable material from the deposition chamber can include pulsing an inert gas into the deposition chamber to flush the purgable material out of the chamber. The method can include heating the deposition chamber to maintain the purgable vapor material as a vapor. The method can include forming a chemically reactive plasma in the deposition chamber to react with metal chalcogenide.
The method can include pulsing a second reactive gas into the deposition chamber after pulsing the reactive gas. The second reactive gas can include an acid, oxygen, fluorine, or tetrafluoromethane. As mentioned above, purging the purgable material from the deposition chamber can include pulsing an inert gas into the deposition chamber. The inert gas can include helium or nitrogen. The method can include heating the substrate before pulsing a precursor. The semiconductor device can include a photovoltaic device.
In another aspect, a system for cleaning a metal chalcogenide residue from a deposition chamber surface can include a deposition chamber including an interior surface, a deposition gas inlet, a reactive gas inlet, an inert gas inlet, and an outlet. The system can include a reactive gas source connected to the reactive gas inlet and configured to deliver a reactive gas including a hydrogen halide to the deposition chamber, where the reactive gas can react with a metal chalcogenide formed on the interior surface to form a purgable material. The system can include an inert gas source connected to the inert gas inlet and configured to deliver an inert gas to the deposition chamber and flush a purgable material from the deposition chamber through the outlet.
The metal chalcogenide can include aluminum, indium, zinc, or titanium. The metal chalcogenide can include oxygen, sulfur, or selenium. The hydrogen halide can include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, or hydrogen fluoride. The system can include a second reactive gas source including an acid, oxygen, fluorine, or tetrafluoromethane. The inert gas source can include nitrogen or helium. The system can include heater to heat the deposition chamber interior surface to a temperature sufficient to maintain a purgable material as a vapor.
Referring to
As shown below, a reactive gas (RG in
Al2X3(s)+6HCl(g)->2AlCl3(s)+3H2X(g) (X=O, S, or Se)
In2X3(s)+6HCl(g)->2InCl3(s)+3H2X(g) (X=O, S, or Se)
ZnX(s)+2HCl(g)->ZnCl2(s)+H2X(g) (X=O, S, or Se)
The reactant from such a reaction can be a solid. Hence, in some embodiments, the cleaning temperature and gas can be selected to assure that the resulting solid will have a vapor pressure high enough to be in the gas phase. Indium chloride (e.g., InCl3), for example, sublimes at approximately 300° C. while its melting point is 586° C. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the particles can be small enough to be flushed through with the purging inert gas (IG in
In some embodiments, the cleaning process can include a reactive ion etch (RIE) process. Reactive ion etching (RIE) is an etching technology widely used in microfabrication. It can use chemically reactive plasma to remove material deposited on chamber walls and shields. The plasma can be generated under low pressure (vacuum) by an electromagnetic field. High-energy ions from the plasma can attack the deposit build-up on the surface and react with it.
The in-situ cleaning method can include any suitable dry etch technique and process. The in-situ cleaning method can include providing chemically reactive plasma to facilitate removing of the deposited residue. The reactive gas can include oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, or fluorine. The reactive gas can include tetrafluoromethane.
Thin film deposition is widely used in semiconductor device manufacturing, such as photovoltaic device manufacturing. Photovoltaic devices can include multiple layers formed on a substrate (or superstrate). For example, a photovoltaic device can include a conducting layer, a semiconductor absorber layer, a buffer layer, a semiconductor window layer, and a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, formed in a stack on a substrate. Each layer may in turn include more than one layer or film. Each layer can cover all or a portion of the device and/or all or a portion of the layer or substrate underlying the layer. For example, a “layer” can mean any amount of any material that contacts all or a portion of a surface. As a result, the manufacturing process can include a plurality of thin film deposition process. The in-situ cleaning process can be implemented as often as every deposition cycle. It is more likely that cleaning would be performed periodically after some total deposition time (or thickness) as determined by process and uptime optimization for a given deposition chemistry and process.
Advantageously, in this in-situ cleaning method, the chamber temperature can be maintained at or near process temperatures during the cleaning, thereby eliminating the time that it takes for the system to cool and then re-heat as a result of normal ex-situ cleaning.
Another feature of this in-situ cleaning method is that the chamber environment does not need to be opened to air and subsequently purged of airborne process contaminants such as unwanted oxygen, carbon, water vapor, hydrocarbons and etc.
Referring to
Referring to
When the reactive gas (RG), such as gas phase hydrogen chloride (HCl), is pulsed, it can be flowed through the reactor to react with and remove the metal chalcogenide deposit on the chamber walls and shields. The resulting particles can be small enough to be flushed through with the purging inert gas (IG) before the next deposition cycle. The in-situ cleaning cycle can be repeated till the existence of deposit residue in the chamber is reduced to a level that will not negatively effect the following deposition cycle. The reactive gas step can be repeated between each substrate, or between multiples of substrates on which a metal chalcogenide layer is deposited. For example, the reactive gas step can be carried out once for every two to five substrates treated. The reactive gas step can be carried out once for every 5 to 10 substrates treated. The reactive gas step can be carried out at any suitable interval to achieve the optimal balance of deposition chamber condition and down-time. Down-time can be minimized by maximizing the number of substrates processed between each reactive gas treatment. The number of substrates processed between each reactive gas treatment can be increased to minimize down-time. For example, the reactive gas step can be carried out as infrequently as once for every 2,000 or fewer (e.g., about 1,000) substrates.
The reactive gas can include any suitable gas. For example, the reactive gas can include a hydrogen halide, such as hydrogen chloride. The reactive gas can be diluted with any suitable gas such as an inert gas. Examples of inert gases that can be used to dilute the reactive gas can include helium and nitrogen. The reactive gas can be diluted with any other suitable gas, including a second reactive gas.
Referring to
After that, reactive gas (RG), such as gas phase hydrogen chloride (HCl), can be flown through the reactor to react with and remove the deposit. The resulting particles can be small enough to be flushed through with the purging inert gas (IG) before the next deposition cycle. The in-situ cleaning cycle can be repeated till the existence of deposit residue in the chamber is reduced to a level that will not negatively effect the following deposition cycle.
Referring to
Referring to
Deposition system 100 can include conveyor 150 to transport substrate 200 into and out of deposition chamber 110. Loadlock 160 can be installed at the both ends of conveyor 150 to control the deposition and cleaning process.
A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should also be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various preferred features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/312,083, filed on Mar. 9, 2010, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61312083 | Mar 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13044255 | Mar 2011 | US |
| Child | 13689345 | US |
