Patent Application
20130197773
The present invention relates to controlling vehicle speed, and more particularly to controlling descent vehicle speed through vehicle retardation methods.
Vehicle speed can be difficult to control while descending a hill or moving over rough terrain. Vehicle operators are often challenged to control vehicle speed through operator input to a throttle controller and brake pedal. To help vehicle operators maintain or control downhill vehicle speed, conventional control systems are adapted to receive instantaneous slope information from a grade or slope sensor. Based on the grade, the conventional control system may increase or decrease the vehicle speed to a default vehicle speed set point. Vehicle operators can also manually control a vehicle retarder or transmission gear selection to control vehicle speed. However, many of these conventional control systems are complicated or direct vehicle speed to a level uncomfortable to the vehicle operator.
There is a need for a vehicle descent control system which can establish a vehicle speed based only on current vehicle speed and which can be adjusted by the vehicle operator inside a cab of the vehicle.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of automatically controlling ground speed of a vehicle is provided in which the vehicle includes a control system having a controller, a throttle, a brake sensor, and a braking mechanism. The method includes enabling a descent control function in the controller, detecting a change in a vehicle operating condition, determining current vehicle ground speed, establishing a desired vehicle speed based on the current vehicle ground speed, and controlling the braking mechanism to maintain vehicle ground speed at or below the desired vehicle speed. The enabling step can include actuating a user control switch.
In one aspect of this embodiment, the method can include detecting an engagement in the throttle or a change in brake sensor condition. The descent control function can be disabled when the throttle is engaged or the brake sensor condition changes. In addition, the method can include detecting a release of the engaged throttle or another change in brake sensor condition, determining current vehicle ground speed, establishing a second desired vehicle speed based on the current vehicle ground speed, and controlling the braking mechanism to maintain vehicle ground speed at or below the second desired vehicle speed. The first desired vehicle speed can be the same as or different from the second desired vehicle speed.
In another aspect, the method includes detecting the vehicle ground speed is greater than the desired vehicle speed and increasing the level of braking by the braking mechanism to reduce vehicle ground speed. The method can further include disabling the descent control function. This can happen when the method detects a vehicle fault condition, the method detects vehicle ground speed is greater than the sum of the desired vehicle speed and a vehicle speed threshold, or the method detects vehicle ground speed is less than the sum of the desired vehicle speed and a vehicle speed threshold.
In a different embodiment, a method is provided for controlling vehicle speed of a vehicle having a controller in electrical communication with a vehicle braking mechanism, a brake control sensor having a first state and a second state, and a throttle pedal. The method includes activating a descent control system, monitoring the state of the brake control sensor and throttle position, detecting a change in the state of the brake control sensor or throttle position, establishing a target vehicle speed based on a current vehicle speed, and controlling the braking mechanism to maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed. In this method, the activating step can include comparing the current vehicle speed to a speed threshold such that if the current vehicle speed is greater than the speed threshold, the descent control system is activated and if the current vehicle speed is less than the speed threshold, the descent control system is not activated.
In one aspect of this embodiment, the detecting step can include detecting a change from a first state to a second state of the brake control sensor when a brake pedal is released, or detecting a change in throttle position when a throttle pedal is released. The method can also include detecting the vehicle speed is greater than the target vehicle speed and increasing the level of braking by the braking mechanism to reduce the vehicle speed to approximately at or below the target vehicle speed.
In another aspect, the method further includes deactivating the descent control system when one condition occurs selected from a group of conditions consisting of (a) detecting a vehicle fault condition; (b) detecting vehicle speed is greater than the sum of the target vehicle speed and a first threshold; and (c) detecting vehicle ground speed is less than the sum of the target vehicle speed and a second threshold.
In a related aspect, the method includes detecting an engagement in the throttle or a change in brake sensor condition. The descent control system can be deactivated when the throttle is engaged or the brake sensor changes from a second condition to a first condition. In this event, the method can include detecting a release of the engaged throttle or a change in the brake sensor from the first state to the second state, reactivating the descent control system, establishing a second target vehicle speed based on the current vehicle speed, and controlling the braking mechanism to maintain vehicle ground speed at or below the second target vehicle speed.
In another embodiment, a vehicle configured to achieve a desired vehicle speed is provided. The vehicle includes an engine, a transmission, at least one axle having a wheel, a throttle having a throttle position, a brake sensor having a plurality of conditions, a control system including a controller adapted to perform a descent control function, and a braking mechanism controllably coupled to the controller, the braking mechanism coupled to the engine, transmission, or the at least one axle. The controller is in electrical communication with the throttle and brake sensor such that the controller is adapted to detect a change in throttle position or a change in the condition of the brake sensor. When the controller detects a change in throttle position or brake sensor condition, the descent control function is in an active configuration and the controller controls the braking mechanism to maintain vehicle speed at or below a desired vehicle speed.
In one aspect, the control system includes a selectable user switch in electrical communication with the controller. In another aspect, the braking mechanism includes a transmission retarder, a service brake, an eddy current electric retarder, an engine brake retarder, or an exhaust brake retarder. In a further embodiment, the control system includes an engine controller operably coupled to the engine and a transmission controller operably coupled to the transmission. The controller is in electrical communication with the engine controller and transmission controller. In addition, the braking mechanism is controllably coupled to the engine controller or transmission controller.
The above-mentioned aspects of the present invention and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Corresponding reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
The embodiments of the present invention described below are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the present invention.
In
In
The vehicle can include a braking mechanism to retard or slow the vehicle speed during operation. The braking mechanism can be in the form of an engine brake retarder 108, a transmission retarder 110, an electric or electro-hydraulic service brake 124, an eddy current electric retarder (not shown), or an exhaust brake retarder (not shown). The engine brake retarder 108 can be any device that slows the engine output by dissipating energy. The retarder 108 can dissipate energy by controlling the valves in the engine. The ECU 112 can control the engine brake retarder 108. The transmission retarder 110 can dissipate energy in the vehicle driveline 116. To do so, the retarder 110 may operate one or more hydraulic pumps connected to the transmission 104 to dissipate energy. The transmission retarder 110 can be controlled by the TCU 114.
The vehicle 100 can also include a vehicle controller 106, or chassis control unit (CCU), for at least partially controlling the vehicle braking mechanism. The descent control system includes the controller 106. In this system, a downloadable software function, e.g., descent control function, can be loaded in the controller 106 to perform the necessary functions of a descent control system. An example of a descent control system will be further described with reference to
The vehicle 100 can also include at least one axle. In
The vehicle 100 can include a cab in which a vehicle operator controls the vehicle. The cab (not shown) can include a steering wheel, lever, switches, pedals, and other controls for operating the vehicle 100. The cab can include a throttle pedal 126 for increasing the amount of power produced by the engine 102. The ECU 112 can be in electrical communication with the throttle 126 as shown in
Another switch or operator-controlled input is a descent control activation switch 130. This switch 130 can be disposed in the cab so the operator can control whether the descent control system is enabled or disabled. In other embodiments, the switch 130 is optional and may not be provided. Here, the descent control system may always be enabled so long as the conditions for active control are satisfied.
The vehicle 100 may include additional sensors such as a grade sensor, inclinometer, or accelerometer (not shown). Other sensors may include a load sensor and traction control sensor. While these sensors may be important for various vehicle control and performance, in at least one embodiment, the descent control system does not require information from these sensors.
The vehicle control system can include a vehicle CAN or datalink 132. This is a main datalink to which the vehicle controllers are in electrical communication with. In
Referring to
In
In block 204, the controller 106 receives a signal from the ECU 112 related to throttle position. If the operator is pressing the throttle pedal, or accelerator pedal, then the descent control system 200 will determine the operator does not want to enable descent control (e.g., the vehicle may be traveling uphill rather than downhill). Once the throttle pedal is released, however, the ECU 112 communicates this change in throttle position to the controller 106 and the controller 106 performs the function of block 206.
In the same manner, the controller 106 receives a signal from the brake sensor 128. The signal may be in the form of a first state and a second state, where in the first state the operator has engaged the brake pedal and in the second state the brake pedal is released. In some instances, the brake pedal has to be engaged by a threshold pressure and not just tapped for the brake sensor 128 to change states. The controller 106 monitors the brake sensor 128 and is able to detect a change in states. In the event the brake sensor is in a state in which the brake pedal is engaged, the descent control system 200 can be disabled or deactivated so the vehicle operates under normal control in block 210. When the vehicle is operating under normal conditions, the controller 106 will continuously monitor the conditions set forth in blocks 202 and 204 to determine whether descent control can be activated.
If, in block 204, the controller 106 detects the throttle or brake being released, the control system 200 moves to block 206 to trigger descent control. Here, the controller 106 can receive current vehicle speed and establish a target vehicle speed to correspond to the current vehicle speed. The descent control system 200 establishes the target vehicle speed as a speed in which the operator is comfortable with and the vehicle may be travelling downhill at a rate in which gravity is assisting with maintaining or increasing vehicle speed. To maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed, the descent control system 200 retards or slows the vehicle speed in block 208.
In block 208, the controller 106 continues to monitor vehicle speed. If vehicle speed exceeds the target vehicle speed, the controller 106 communicates with the braking mechanism to slow the vehicle. If the vehicle speed is increasing rapidly, the controller 106 increases the level of braking by the braking mechanism to slow the vehicle. The braking mechanism can be an engine brake retarder, transmission retarder, exhaust brakes, service brakes, or an eddy current electric retarder. By slowing the vehicle, the controller 106 can maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed. Since the operator can enable or disable descent control, the target vehicle speed can also be referred to as a desired vehicle speed.
The descent control system 200 can remain active and vehicle speed maintained at or below the target vehicle speed unless an exception condition arises. In block 212, the controller 206 may detect that an exception has been triggered such that descent control is deactivated and vehicle control returns to normal in block 210. A non-exclusive list of exception conditions is provided in
Referring to
In block 302, descent control can be disabled if the descent control switch 130 in the cab is triggered off Here, if the operator does not want the descent control system to be active, the operator may select such a condition. As such, the vehicle will operate according to normal operating control in block 210.
Another exception condition is provided in block 304 where the vehicle speed is less than the target speed and speed threshold. For instance, if the target vehicle speed is 30 kilometers per hour (kph) and the vehicle is traveling downhill the descent control system 200 will maintain the vehicle speed at or below the 30 kph. However, if the grade upon which the vehicle descends begins to flatten out, the gravity pulling the vehicle down the slope becomes less of a factor and vehicle speed slows down. The descent control system can include a speed threshold such that if the vehicle speed falls below the target speed and threshold, the descent control is disabled in block 304. In this case, the vehicle returns to normal operating control in block 210.
In block 306, the descent control system 200 will be disabled if the controller 106 detects a fault. Examples of possible faults include a fault in the throttle control, the target vehicle speed is invalid, a fault in the control system wiring, the brake sensor faults, or any other known fault that may impact the vehicle control system. Once a fault is detected, the controller 106 can disable the descent control system 200 and return the vehicle to normal operating control functionality in block 210.
Another exception condition is in block 308 when the throttle position changes. Here, the vehicle operator may engage the throttle pedal in the cab to accelerate the vehicle. The ECU 112 can transmit a signal to the controller 106 indicating the throttle position and the controller 106 can detect the increase in throttle percentage. Under these circumstances, the descent control system 200 will be disabled and the vehicle control will return to normal operating conditions in block 210.
Referring to block 310, an exception condition can occur when the vehicle ground speed exceeds a target vehicle speed by a threshold amount. This threshold amount, Speed Thresh2, can be the same or different than the speed threshold, Thresh1, in block 304 albeit under different operating conditions. In the event the condition set forth in block 310 is true, its possible the braking mechanism has faulted and thus the controller 106 is unable to maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed. In a non-limiting example, suppose the threshold value of Thresh2 is 10 kph and the target speed is 30 kph. If the vehicle ground speed exceeds 40 kph in this example, the exception condition in block 310 is triggered as being true in block 312 and the controller 106 will disable the descent control system. In this instance, the vehicle will return to normal operating control in block 210.
As described above, the controller 106 will monitor vehicle ground speed in relation to the target vehicle speed and also whether an exception condition occurs in block 212. If one of the conditions in blocks 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, or 310 occur, the controller 106 will determine an exception condition is true in block 312 and descent control will be deactivated. As shown in
Referring to
Initially, the vehicle is operating at a throttle position of Z% and on a level ground (0% slope). Here, there is no retarder torque and the transmission output shaft speed is commensurate with the vehicle ground speed. At stage 400, however, the vehicle begins to descend along a slope. The operator maintains the throttle at Z%. In between stages 400 and 402, the transmission output shaft speed begins to increase as the vehicle travels downhill. At stage 402, the vehicle ground speed reaches a speed at which the operator wants to maintain. The operator releases the throttle. Per block 204 of the descent control system 200, once the throttle is released the vehicle controller 106 obtains current vehicle speed and establishes a target vehicle speed based on the current vehicle speed in block 206. Although in
As shown in stage 404, the throttle has been released as the vehicle continues traveling down the slope. In block 208, the controller 106 controls the transmission retarder 110 to maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed. As shown in
In between stages 404 and 406 of
Once the vehicle ground speed reaches a speed desired by the vehicle operator, the operator releases the brake pedal at stage 408. In doing so, the brake sensor changes from the On state to the Off state thereby causing the retarder torque to decrease from Y% to X%. Referring to
At stage 410, the slope begins to flatten out and there is less of a gravitational pull working to move the vehicle down the slope. Here, the controller 106 can maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed with less retarder torque, and therefore the retarder torque percentage drops. Although a small decrease in transmission output shaft speed is shown, the speed recovers quickly and remains mostly constant as the controller 106 controls the retarder torque to maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed.
At stage 412, the slope flattens further causing transmission output shaft speed to decrease. As the transmission output shaft speed decreases, the controller 106 decreases retarder torque since less braking is required to maintain vehicle speed at or below the target vehicle speed.
The transmission output shaft speed continues to decrease as the slope flattens until an exception condition arises in stage 414. This exception condition is similar to that in block 304. Rather than vehicle speed, here the transmission output shaft speed decreases below the target output shaft speed (which corresponds to the target vehicle speed) by a threshold amount, Δs. As a non-limiting example, if the target transmission output shaft speed is 1000 RPM and the threshold, Δs, is 100 RPM, if the transmission output shaft speed falls below 900 RMP the exception condition in stage 414 occurs. At this stage, the controller 106 determines an exception condition is true, as in block 312, and descent control is disabled so that the vehicle operates under normal operating control in block 210. As this happens, the retarder torque further decreases to approximately 0%.
In stage 416, the controller 106 has deactivated or disabled descent control and the vehicle now operates under the normal operating control. Under normal control, particularly when the brake pedal is not engaged, the retarder torque increases returns to a preset torque level established by the vehicle operator. As shown in
In stage 418, the vehicle operator applies the brake pedal to bring the vehicle to a stop. In doing so, the retarder torque increases sharply to Y% before decreasing rapidly to 0%. The transmission output shaft speed decreases to 0 RPM as the brake pedal is applied. As shown, the transmission output shaft speed reaches 0 RPM shortly after the retarder torque reaches 0%. As known to those skilled in the art, the retarder loses its retardation since it depends on relative motion and therefore decreases to 0% as the vehicle slows to a stop.
The example of
While exemplary embodiments incorporating the principles of the present invention have been disclosed hereinabove, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Instead, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
