The invention relates to a device for providing cleaned fluid i.e. gas and/or liquid to a receptacle.
The invention can be implemented in aseptic preparation of drugs, for example for providing sterilized/cleaned air to a medical receptacle, such as a bottle or vial, with the purpose of drawing a solution or another liquid used in medicine applications out from the medical receptacle.
In the field of drug preparation for injection or infusion generally two basic problems have to be considered. Firstly, certain demands are made on aseptic conditions so as to avoid contamination of the drug, and, secondly, the drug has to be handled in such a way that drug leakage to the environment is prevented or minimized. By a sterile or aseptic handling of the drug, the risk for transferring bacteria or any other undesired substance to the patient is reduced. By preventing drug leakage to the environment, the exposure of medical and pharmacological staff to hazardous drugs is decreased.
In order to achieve aseptic conditions special safety boxes, cabinets or isolators are being used where the air is filtered through HEPA filters to prevent contamination during preparation of drugs. Ventilated cabinets are also used to reduce uncontrolled leakage to the environment and prevent occupational exposure to possibly hazardous drugs. Such facilities, however, require a lot of space and are associated with relatively high costs. Furthermore, the offered protection can be insufficient and working environment problems due to accidental exposure to drugs, for example cytotoxins, have been reported.
Another solution of the problems mentioned above is to create a so called “closed” or “non-vented” system for handling the drugs during preparation. Such systems exist and enable the preparation to be accomplished without the use of special safety boxes, cabinets or isolators. In such a closed system the drugs are handled isolated from the environment during every single step so as to avoid contamination of the drug and undesired drug leakage to the environment.
A known problem associated with the preparation of drug solutions is the fact that medical bottles or vials normally are made of a non-compressible material, such as glass or plastic. To enable the vial to be drained off, air has to flow into the vial so as to avoid negative pressure in the vial which negative pressure would otherwise counteract or prevent further transportation of liquid from the vial to another receptacle such as syringe.
A system for providing sterilized gas is disclosed in WO 00/35517. A flexible bag containing sterilised gas is provided. The bag has an opening covered by a gas and liquid-impervious membrane which can be punctured by a needle in order to draw the sterilised gas out from the bag for further transportation of the gas to a bottle. A bottle connector is arranged on the current bottle and the bottle connector has a pressure compensation means for receiving gas. By use of a syringe and an injector device provided with a needle the sterilised gas is transferred from the flexible bag to the bottle and to the pressure compensation means arranged on the bottle connector. Thereafter the substance in the bottle can be drawn out from the bottle by means of the injector device while the sterilised gas flows from the pressure compensation means into the bottle.
However, the prior art system described in WO 00/35517 has drawbacks. The system comprises several components to be handled and further the sterilised gas has to be drawn from the flexible bag by means of an injector device provided with a needle, and subsequently transferred to the bottle and the pressure compensation means. Consequently, several manipulations have to be accomplished before the medical substance can be drawn from the bottle.
In WO 02/11794 a system for providing cleaned gas is described. This system works with an injection syringe and an air filter to be attached to a connection nozzle of the syringe. The container of the syringe is charged with air which has been forced through the filter so as to clean the air. Thereafter the air filter is removed and the syringe is connected to a coupling means (injector device) which in turn is connected to a capping means (bottle connector) arranged on a bottle. The capping means has a pressure-equalisation chamber whose volume can vary. The cleaned gas in the syringe is transferred from the syringe to the bottle and to the pressure-equalisation chamber arranged on the capping means. Thereafter the substance in the bottle can be drawn out from the bottle by means of the syringe and the coupling means, while the cleaned gas flows from the pressure-equalisation chamber into the bottle.
Also the prior art system described in WO 02/11794 has drawbacks. The system requires an adapter provided with an air filter being connected to and removed from a syringe in order to fill the pressure-equalisation chamber before the medical substance can be drawn from the bottle. In an alternative embodiment the air filter is fixedly attached to a syringe. However, in such a case a conventional syringe can not be used. In both cases, the cleaned gas has to be drawn from the environment and subsequently transferred to the bottle and the pressure-equalisation chamber before the medical substance can be drawn from the bottle.
An object of the invention is to provide a device for providing cleaned and/or sterilized fluid of the kind referred to in the introduction where at least one problem of such prior art devices discussed above is reduced to a substantial extent. In particular, the invention aims to indicate how to provide sterilized/cleaned fluid in a rational and safe way during preparation of drugs.
The invention is based on the insight that sterilized/cleaned air is advantageously provided by a connector system itself, rather than utilising additional equipments to fill an expansion container comprised in a connector system during drug preparation. However, a container has to be filled with the fluid either during manufacturing of the device or by the user, and these two options result in two aspects of the invention.
According to a first aspect of the invention the object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
By the provision of a connector and a container which form an integrated unit, wherein the connector is provided with a first means for connection to a receptacle, and the container is pre-filled or adapted to be pre-filled with a sterilized or cleaned fluid to be transferred from the container to a receptacle interconnected with the connector during conveyance of a substance out of the receptacle, no additional flexible bag filled with sterilized/cleaned fluid is needed. The handling is simplified since no syringe provided with a needle is to be used for transferring sterilized/cleaned fluid into for example a vial before conveyance of a substance out of the vial. The pre-filled container replaces both the additional flexible bag and the pressure compensation means needed in the prior art devices. Conveyance of a substance out from the receptacle can be accomplished as soon as the connector is arranged on the receptacle.
According to a second aspect of the invention the object is achieved by a device according to claim 10.
By the provision of a connector and a container which form an integrated unit, wherein the connector is provided with a first means for connection to a receptacle, and the integrated unit is provided with a filter for cleaning fluid passing the filter during filling the container with fluid, for example before connection of the connector to a receptacle, no syringe provided with an air filter adapter or an air filter fixedly attached to the syringe is needed for transferring cleaned fluid into for example a vial before conveyance of a substance out of the vial. Instead a conventional syringe can be used for conveyance of a substance out from the receptacle as soon as the connector is arranged on the receptacle.
On comparison the two aspects of the invention it can be established that the device according to the first aspect does not exhibit any filter which saves costs as to the production of the device. Furthermore, the degree of purity which can be obtained during manufacturing of the device, for example by sterilization, is very high and in most cases very important. On the other hand the device according to the second aspect can have a decreased volume which could result in smaller package and save shipment costs. In many applications a cleaned fluid suitable for aseptic preparation of drugs can be achieved by filtering the fluid.
With reference to the appended drawings, below follows a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention cited as examples.
In the drawings:
b is an alternative embodiment of the device illustrated in
In
By the expression “cleaned” gas is meant that the gas has been filtered by a filter to remove particles and/or viable micro-organisms to such an extent that the gas is classified to be aseptic and accepted by the relevant authority and/or any standards. The degree of purity can be expressed in the largest particles allowed to pass the filter for a given flow rate of gas. In some cases no or very few particles having a size exceeding 5 μm are allowed to be present in the cleaned gas. However, the allowed particle size is determined by the requirements in the current application. Some drug treatments require that substantially all particles having a size exceeding 0.15 μm are removed from the gas by the particulate air filter. As an example, a filter with the mesh size 0.2 μm can be used to remove substantially all particles and micro organisms of that size or larger.
By the expression “sterilized” gas is meant that the gas has been subjected to a sterilization method to remove viable micro-organisms, which method is accepted for the current product by the relevant authority. Current regulations in Europe for medical devices to be designated “STERILE” may be found in the European standard EN 556-1. Other regulations may exist in other countries. The sterilization can be ethylene oxide sterilization, sterilisation by irradiation, or (moist) heat sterilization or any other accepted method. The European standard requirements imply that the theoretical probability of there being a viable micro-organism present on/in the sterilized device shall be equal to or less than 1×10−6.
In the case the gas is sterilized, it is not always necessary to clean the gas according to the cleaning process as described above, although such cleaning and the sterilization can be combined. However, other methods can be used to remove particles etc. from the gas if required or the sterilization process itself may be sufficient to bring the gas into a state where the gas is to be considered as both cleaned and sterilized.
The first connection means 5 can be designed for connection to a receptacle, such as the neck of a vial. In the embodiment illustrated in
In another embodiment (not shown) of the invention the second connection means 12 can comprise a luer lock coupling or bayonet coupling to enable an injector device to be connected to the connector. Suitably, both the injector device and the connector are provided with a membrane so as to create a double membrane coupling between the injector and the current device.
The amount of gas, preferably air, provided by the pre-filled container, should be adapted to the volume of the receptacle which is to be drained off. The volume of the gas when being in the receptacle should preferably correspond to the volume of the receptacle so as to enable the receptacle to be completely drained off. This implies that the volume of the cleaned or sterilized gas in the pre-filled container is preferably approximately equal to or larger than the volume of the receptacle provided that the pressure of the gas is substantially the same in the receptacle as in the container. For most medicine receptacles the volume of the gas should be in the interval 1-100 cm3 at atmospheric pressure.
The connector 2 is preferably provided with a piercing member, such as a hollow needle 14 (as illustrated) for penetration of a closing (not illustrated) made of rubber for instance, which closing covers the opening of a receptacle 6, such as a vial. In addition to injection needles or cannulae, the expression “needle” is meant to comprise spikes and similar components for penetration of such a closing in order to create a channel between the container 3 and the receptacle 6 to which the connector 2 is connected. By a channel or passage 15 inside the needle 14, gas contained in the container 3 can be transferred from the container to the receptacle 6, i.e. gas can flow from the container 3 to the receptacle 6.
The connector 2 and the container 3 form an integrated unit 4. This implies that the connector and the container are made in one piece or the connector 2 and the container 3 can be coupled to each other so as to form an integral unit 4. Different types of coupling means known from prior art can be used as long as an airtight, or at least a substantially airtight connection can be obtained between the current components 2, 3.
The volume of the container 3 can be variable so as to allow the gas to flow from the container 3 to a receptacle 6. The container 3 is suitably made of a compressible material to make the volume of the container variable. To obtain a container 3 having a variable volume the container can comprise a first portion 17 made by a relatively rigid material which first portion 17 is coupled to the connector 2, and a second portion 18 made by a relatively flexible material attached to the first portion 17. For example, the container 3 can be designed to have a flexible portion, such as a bellow which is compressible and extendable. According to an embodiment of the invention, the container, or the flexible portion of the container, comprises a displaceable spring-loaded element, such as an axial spring-loaded element, that is arranged to allow fluid to flow into the container/flexible portion of the container. The displaceable spring-loaded element is for example constrained between two flanged ends of the flexible portion. When the flexible portion is empty the spring(s) of the spring-loaded element is/are highly compressed. As the flexible portion is filled with fluid the spring(s) of the spring-loaded element become(s) less compressed. The spring(s) may be arranged on the inside or outside of the flexible portion or they may be integrally formed with the flexible portion. The displaceable spring-loaded element may be arranged to be disconnected from the container/flexible portion of the container once the container/flexible portion of the container has been filled to the desired amount.
According to an embodiment the flexible portion of the container may be arranged to be detachable from the remaining part of the container, whereby the flexible portion may be filled with fluid before and/or after it has been attached to the remaining part of the container. Hereby the volume of the container 3 can be increased and decreased, respectively. Although the device illustrated in
According to an embodiment of the invention the container comprises locking means to prevent fluid from flowing into the container, during the transportation of the device, for example, or at any other time when the device is not in use.
Alternatively to a collapsible container, or in combination with a collapsible container, the container 3 can be pressurized by cleaned or sterilized gas to cause an overpressure in the container. An overpressure allows gas to flow from the container 3 to a receptacle 6 connected to the connector and the container. In such a case the container 3 does not necessarily need to be collapsible. The overpressure is suitably adapted to the size of the receptacle to which the connector is to be connected to ensure the receptacle can be completely drained off in a subsequent step. The pressure in the filled container can be for example in the interval from 1 atm to 2 atm. Preferably, the device comprises any means, such as a valve, for allowing the gas to flow from the container after the device has been connected to the receptacle and during conveyance of a substance out of the receptacle.
In
The first connection means 5′ can be designed for connection to a bottle, such as the neck of a vial. In the embodiment illustrated in
In another embodiment (not shown) of the invention the second connection means 12′ can comprise a luer lock coupling or bayonet coupling to enable an injection device to be connected. As already described for the device according to the first aspect of the invention, both the injector device and the connector are suitably provided with a membrane so as to create a double membrane coupling between the injector and the current device.
The connector 2′ is preferably provided with a piercing member, such as a hollow needle 14′ (as illustrated) for penetration of a closing (not illustrated) made of rubber for instance, which closing covers the opening of a receptacle 6, such as a vial. In addition to injection needles or cannulae, the expression “needle” is meant to comprise spikes and similar components for penetration of such a closing in order to create a channel between the container 3′ and the receptacle 6′ to which the connector 2′ is connected. By a channel or passage 15′ in the needle 14′, gas contained in the container 3′ can be transferred from the container to the receptacle 6′, i.e. gas can flow from the container 3′ to the receptacle 6′.
The connector 2′ and the container 3′ form an integrated unit 4′. This implies that the connector and the container are made in one piece or the connector 2′ and the container 3′ can be coupled to each other so as to form an integral unit. Different types of coupling means 16′ known from prior art can be used as long as an airtight or at least a substantially airtight connection can be obtained between the current components 2′, 3′.
The container 3′ has to be filled with gas before connection of the connector 2′ to a receptacle 6′. The volume of the container 3′ is preferably variable. To obtain a container 3′ having a variable volume the container can comprise a first portion 17′ made by a relatively rigid material which first portion is coupled to the connector 2′, and a second portion 18′ made by a relatively flexible material attached to the first portion 17′. The second portion 18′ can be extensible by manipulation of for example a handle 20′ arranged at the end of the container 3′. Hereby the volume of the container 3′ can be increased and decreased, respectively. For example, the container 3′ can be designed to have a flexible portion, such as a bellow which is compressible and extendable by affecting the container manually. The container 3′ is preferably provided with said handle 20′ for regulating the volume of the container 3′. Although the volume of the container is preferably variable as illustrated, there may be other ways to fill the container while at the same time ensuring the gas passes a filter 21′. For example, the gas container could be constituted by a sealed vacuum-packed flexible bag whose seal can be broken to allow gas to flow into the bag. Alternatively, the gas container is rigid or semi-rigid and pressurized gas is used to fill the container.
The amount of gas, preferably air, provided by the pre-filled container, should be adapted to the volume of the receptacle which is to be drained off. The volume of the gas when being in the receptacle should preferably correspond to the volume of the receptacle so as to enable the receptacle to be completely drained off. This implies that the volume of the cleaned or sterilized gas in the pre-filled container is preferably approximately equal to or larger than the volume of the receptacle provided that the pressure of the gas is substantially the same in the receptacle as in the container. For most medicine bottles or vials, the volume of the gas should be in the interval 1-100 cm3 at atmospheric pressure.
Thus, the integrated unit 4′ is provided with the filter 21′, such as a particulate air filter for cleaning gas passing the filter 21′ during filling the container 3′ with gas, preferably by increasing the volume of the container 3′, before connection of the connector 2′ to a receptacle 6′. Although the filter, hereinafter called particulate air filter 21′ can be arranged in different ways, according to the embodiment illustrated in
By the expression “cleaned” gas is meant that the gas has been filtered by a filter to remove particles and/or viable micro-organisms to such an extent that the gas is classified to be aseptic and accepted by the relevant authority and/or any standards. The degree of purity can be expressed in the largest particles allowed to pass the filter for a given flow rate. In some cases no or very few particles having a size exceeding 5 μm are allowed to be present in the cleaned gas. However, the allowed particle size is determined by the requirements in the current application. Some drug treatments require that substantially all particles having a size exceeding 0.15 μm are removed from the gas by the particulate air filter. As an example, a filter with the mesh size 0.2 μm can be used to remove substantially all particles and micro organisms of that size or larger.
The particulate air filter 21′ is preferably designed as a needle shield 22′ for the tip of needle 14′. The filter can be arranged to at least partially cover or surround the tip of the needle 14′. This implies that the particulate air filter 21′ cleans the gas and at the same time the particulate air filter 21′ functions as a protection during handling of the device 1′. Furthermore, such a needle tip shield 22′ protects the sterile package enclosing the device during transport and storage of the device.
By removing the particulate air filter 21′, after the container 3′ has been filled with the gas and prior to interconnection of the connector 2′ and the receptacle 6′ to each other, any contamination particles removed from the gas and collected in the particulate air filter 21′ are removed from the integrated unit 4′. Thus, one and the same channel can be used for both filling the container 3′ with cleaned gas and transferring the cleaned gas from the container 3′ to a receptacle 6′.
In the embodiment illustrated in
A lid 26′ can be arranged on the integrated unit 4′ for covering the particulate air filter 21′ so as to prevent further communication between the interior of the integrated unit 4′ and the environment via the particulate air filter 21′ after filling the container 3′. Firstly, the container 3′ is filled with the cleaned gas and thereafter the lid 26′ is mounted on the integrated unit 4′ to cover the particulate air filter 21′ and prevent further gas transportation through the air particle filter 21′. Thereafter, the integrated unit 4′ and the receptacle 6′ are to be interconnected and the subsequent manipulations can be safely executed.
The lid 26′ has the function of preventing transportation of liquid, gas or any vapour in the direction from the integrated unit 4′ to the environment so as to counteract that any undesired substance in the receptacle 6′ escapes to the environment.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and illustrated in the drawings; rather, the skilled person will recognize that many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the invention can be applied to other medical applications and there may be additional purposes for providing cleaned or sterilized gas to a receptacle.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1844342 | Berman | Feb 1932 | A |
2010417 | Schwab | Aug 1935 | A |
2697438 | Hickey | Dec 1954 | A |
2717599 | Huber | Sep 1955 | A |
3064651 | Henderson | Nov 1962 | A |
3071135 | Baldwin et al. | Jan 1963 | A |
3308822 | DeLuca | Mar 1967 | A |
3316908 | Burke | May 1967 | A |
3340671 | Loo | Sep 1967 | A |
3390677 | Razimbaud | Jul 1968 | A |
3448740 | Figge | Jun 1969 | A |
3542240 | Solowey | Nov 1970 | A |
3783895 | Weichselbaum | Jan 1974 | A |
3788320 | Dye | Jan 1974 | A |
3822700 | Pennington | Jul 1974 | A |
3938520 | Scislowicz et al. | Feb 1976 | A |
3976073 | Quick et al. | Aug 1976 | A |
4096860 | McLaughlin | Jun 1978 | A |
4296786 | Brignola | Oct 1981 | A |
D270568 | Armstrong | Sep 1983 | S |
4490139 | Huizenga et al. | Dec 1984 | A |
4516967 | Kopfer | May 1985 | A |
4564054 | Gustavsson | Jan 1986 | A |
4573967 | Hargrove et al. | Mar 1986 | A |
4576211 | Valentini et al. | Mar 1986 | A |
4581016 | Gettig | Apr 1986 | A |
4582223 | Kobe | Apr 1986 | A |
4588403 | Weiss et al. | May 1986 | A |
4600040 | Naslund | Jul 1986 | A |
4623343 | Thompson | Nov 1986 | A |
4629455 | Kanno | Dec 1986 | A |
4632673 | Tiitola et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
4636204 | Christopherson et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
4673400 | Martin | Jun 1987 | A |
4673404 | Gustavsson | Jun 1987 | A |
4737150 | Baeumle et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4752287 | Kurtz et al. | Jun 1988 | A |
4759756 | Forman et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
4768568 | Fournier et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
4792329 | Schreuder | Dec 1988 | A |
4804015 | Albinsson | Feb 1989 | A |
4822340 | Kamstra | Apr 1989 | A |
4826492 | Magasi | May 1989 | A |
4834717 | Haber et al. | May 1989 | A |
4842585 | Witt | Jun 1989 | A |
4850978 | Dudar et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
4864717 | Baus, Jr. | Sep 1989 | A |
4872494 | Coccia | Oct 1989 | A |
4878897 | Katzin | Nov 1989 | A |
4889529 | Haindl | Dec 1989 | A |
4898209 | Zbed | Feb 1990 | A |
4909290 | Coccia | Mar 1990 | A |
4932937 | Gustavsson et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
4944736 | Holtz | Jul 1990 | A |
4964855 | Todd et al. | Oct 1990 | A |
4982769 | Fournier et al. | Jan 1991 | A |
4994048 | Metzger | Feb 1991 | A |
4997083 | Loretti et al. | Mar 1991 | A |
5017186 | Arnold | May 1991 | A |
5041105 | D'Alo et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5061264 | Scarrow | Oct 1991 | A |
5071413 | Utterberg | Dec 1991 | A |
5122116 | Kriesel et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
5122123 | Vaillancourt | Jun 1992 | A |
5137524 | Lynn et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
5158554 | Jepson et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
5199947 | Lopez et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
5201725 | Kling | Apr 1993 | A |
5207658 | Rosen et al. | May 1993 | A |
5232109 | Tirrell et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
5254097 | Schock et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5279583 | Shober, Jr. et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
5279605 | Karrasch et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
5308347 | Sunago et al. | May 1994 | A |
5328480 | Melker et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5334163 | Sinnett | Aug 1994 | A |
5356406 | Schraga | Oct 1994 | A |
5385545 | Kriesel et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5385547 | Wong et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5389085 | D'Alessio et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5405326 | Haber et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5445630 | Richmond | Aug 1995 | A |
5447501 | Karlsson et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
5456675 | Wolbring et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5470522 | Thome et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5478328 | Silverman et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5478337 | Okamoto et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5492531 | Post et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5514117 | Lynn | May 1996 | A |
5515871 | Bittner et al. | May 1996 | A |
5536259 | Utterberg | Jul 1996 | A |
5575780 | Saito | Nov 1996 | A |
5593028 | Haber et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
5613954 | Nelson et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5632735 | Wyatt et al. | May 1997 | A |
5647845 | Haber et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5685866 | Lopez | Nov 1997 | A |
5752942 | Doyle et al. | May 1998 | A |
5766147 | Sancoff et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5766211 | Wood et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5782872 | Muller | Jul 1998 | A |
5795336 | Romano et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5817083 | Shemesh et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5820609 | Saito | Oct 1998 | A |
5827262 | Neftel et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5837262 | Golubev et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5875931 | Py | Mar 1999 | A |
5879345 | Aneas | Mar 1999 | A |
5897526 | Vaillancourt | Apr 1999 | A |
5934510 | Anderson | Aug 1999 | A |
5984899 | D'Alessio et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6063068 | Fowles et al. | May 2000 | A |
D427308 | Zinger | Jun 2000 | S |
6070623 | Aneas | Jun 2000 | A |
6071270 | Fowles et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6090091 | Fowles et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6113068 | Ryan | Sep 2000 | A |
6113583 | Fowles et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6142446 | Leinsing | Nov 2000 | A |
6146362 | Turnbull et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6209738 | Jansen et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6221065 | Davis | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6245056 | Walker et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
D445501 | Niedospial, Jr. | Jul 2001 | S |
6253804 | Safabash | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6258078 | Thilly | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6343629 | Wessman et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6364865 | Lavi et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6387074 | Horppu et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6453956 | Safabash | Sep 2002 | B2 |
6471674 | Emig et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6517523 | Kaneko et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6537263 | Aneas | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6551299 | Miyoshi et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6571837 | Jansen et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6591876 | Safabash | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6644367 | Savage et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6685692 | Fathallah | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6715520 | Andreasson et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6761286 | Py et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
D495416 | Dimeo et al. | Aug 2004 | S |
6786244 | Jones | Sep 2004 | B1 |
D506256 | Miyoshi et al. | Jun 2005 | S |
6960194 | Hommann et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
7000806 | Py et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7080672 | Fournie et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7297140 | Orlu et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
D570477 | Gallogly et al. | Jun 2008 | S |
D572820 | Gallogly et al. | Jul 2008 | S |
D577438 | Gallogly et al. | Sep 2008 | S |
D577822 | Gallogly et al. | Sep 2008 | S |
D582033 | Baxter et al. | Dec 2008 | S |
D605755 | Baxter et al. | Dec 2009 | S |
7703486 | Costanzo | Apr 2010 | B2 |
D616984 | Gilboa | Jun 2010 | S |
7744581 | Wallen et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
8167863 | Yow | May 2012 | B2 |
8323237 | Radmer et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
20010021825 | Becker et al. | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010025671 | Safabash | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20020002352 | Becker et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020004643 | Carmel et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020069616 | Odell et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020082586 | Finley et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020127150 | Sasso | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020177819 | Barker et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20030010717 | Brugger et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030070726 | Andreasson et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030106610 | Roos et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030107628 | Fowles et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030233083 | Houwaert et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040039346 | Baldwin et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040116858 | Heinz et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040199139 | Fowles et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215147 | Wessman et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040249341 | Newbrough et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050215977 | Uschold | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20060025747 | Sullivan et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060064070 | Martin | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060106360 | Wong | May 2006 | A1 |
20060111667 | Matsuura et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060157984 | Rome et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060186045 | Jensen et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20070021725 | Villette | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070060841 | Henshaw | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070088313 | Zinger et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070106244 | Mosler et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070179441 | Chevallier | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070270759 | Pessin | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070270778 | Zinger et al. | Nov 2007 | A9 |
20080045919 | Jakob et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080103453 | Liversidge | May 2008 | A1 |
20080103485 | Kruger | May 2008 | A1 |
20080142388 | Whitley et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080172039 | Raines | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080223484 | Horppu | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080287920 | Fangrow et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080312634 | Helmerson et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090254042 | Gratwohl et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20100137827 | Warren et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100204671 | Kraushaar et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100243099 | Yodfat | Sep 2010 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
200112863 | May 2003 | AU |
2005519 | Oct 1979 | DE |
0255025 | Feb 1988 | EP |
0259582 | Mar 1988 | EP |
0285424 | Oct 1988 | EP |
0311787 | Apr 1989 | EP |
0376629 | Jul 1990 | EP |
0803267 | Oct 1997 | EP |
0819442 | Jan 1998 | EP |
0995453 | Apr 2000 | EP |
1060730 | Dec 2000 | EP |
1731128 | Dec 2006 | EP |
2757405 | Jun 1998 | FR |
2780878 | Jan 2000 | FR |
1579065 | Nov 1980 | GB |
49-12690 | May 1972 | JP |
55-156748 | Nov 1980 | JP |
01-123653 | May 1989 | JP |
288664 | Jul 1990 | JP |
3030963 | Aug 1996 | JP |
2000167022 | Jun 2000 | JP |
2001505092 | Apr 2001 | JP |
2001293085 | Oct 2001 | JP |
482670 | Apr 2002 | TW |
WO 8404672 | Dec 1984 | WO |
WO 8404673 | Dec 1984 | WO |
WO 9003536 | Apr 1990 | WO |
WO 9819724 | May 1998 | WO |
WO 9927886 | Jun 1999 | WO |
WO 9962578 | Dec 1999 | WO |
WO 0005292 | Feb 2000 | WO |
WO 0035517 | Jun 2000 | WO |
WO 0180928 | Nov 2001 | WO |
WO 0202048 | Jan 2002 | WO |
WO 0211794 | Feb 2002 | WO |
WO 02064077 | Aug 2002 | WO |
WO 02076540 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 2006082350 | Aug 2006 | WO |
WO 2006083333 | Aug 2006 | WO |
WO 2008115102 | Sep 2008 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Infoplease dictionary entry for “integrated.” http://dictionary.infoplease.com/integrated. Accessed Apr. 24, 2013. |
Macmillan dictionary entry for “integrated.” http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/integrated. Accessed Apr. 24, 2013. |
Taiwan Search Report for Taiwan Patent Application 092106323 dated Mar. 21, 2003 (4 pages). |
Japan Application No. 2003-583539, Official Action dated May 1, 2009 (3 pages). |
Japan Application No. 2003-577789, Official Action dated Feb. 24, 2009 (4 pages). |
International Search Report, PCT/EP2008/067535 dated Oct. 13, 2009 (3 pages). |
International Search Report, PCT/EP2008/067522 dated Aug. 12, 2009. (2 pages). |
Sasaki, United States Patent Office, Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/762,550, mailed Mar. 17, 2010 (11 pages). |
Sasaki, United States Patent Office, Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/762,550, mailed Jun. 12, 2009 (11 pages). |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20080312634 A1 | Dec 2008 | US |