DNA sequence for the human dopamine receptor D.sub.4 and expression thereof in mammalian cells

Abstract

The present invention is directed toward the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor. The nucleotide sequence of the gene corresponding to this receptor is provided by the invention. The invention also includes a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector capable of expressing the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells and such cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells which synthesize the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention was made with government support under NIMH grant MH-45614 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.

1. Field Of the Invention

The invention relates to dopamine receptors from mammalian species and the genes corresponding to such receptors. In particular, it relates to the human dopamine receptor D.sub.4. Specifically, the invention relates to the isolation, cloning and sequencing of the human D.sub.4 receptor gene. The invention also relates to the construction of eukaryotic expression vectors capable of expression of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells and the synthesis of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in such cultures. The invention relates to the use of such cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells producing the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor for the characterization of antipsychotic drugs.

2. Information Disclosure

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that participates in a variety of different functions mediated by the nervous system, including vision, movement, and behavior. See generally Cooper, J. et al., "The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology," 161-195 (Oxford University Press, NY 3d Ed. 1978). The diverse physiological actions of dopamine are in turn mediated by its interaction with two of the basic types of G protein-coupled receptors: D.sub.1 and D.sub.2, which respectively stimulate and inhibit the enzyme adenylyl cyclase. Kebabian, J. and Calne, D., Nature 277:93-96 (1979). Alterations in the number or activity of these receptors may be a contributory factor in disease states such as Parkinson's disease (a movement disorder) and schizophrenia (a behavioral disorder).

A great deal of information has accumulated on the biochemistry of the D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 dopamine receptors, and methods have been developed to solubilize and purify these receptor proteins. See Senogles, S. et al., Biochemistry 25: 749-753 (1986); Sengoles, S. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263: 18996-19002 (1988); Gingrich, J. et al., Biochemistry 27:3907-3912 (1988); Gingrich, J. et al. (in press). The D.sub.1 dopamine receptor in several tissues appears to be a glycosylated membrane protein of about 72 kDa. Amlaiky, N. et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 31:129-134 (1987); Ninik, H. et al., Biochemistry 27:7594-7599 (1988). The D.sub.2 receptor has been suggested to have a higher molecular weight of about 90-150 kDa. Amlaiky, N. and Caron, M., J. Biol. Chem. 260:1983-1986 (1985); Amlaiky, N. and Caron, M., J. Neurochem. 47:196-204 (1986); Jarvie, J. et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 34: 91-97 (1988 ). Much less is known about a recently discovered additional dopamine receptor, termed D.sub.3. Sokoloff, P. et al., Nature 947:146-151 (1990). Dopamine receptors are primary targets in the clinical treatment of psychomotor disorders such as Parkinson's disease and affective disorders such as schizophrenia. Seeman, P. et al., Neuropsychopharm. 1:5-15 (1987); Seeman, P., Synapse 1:152-333 (1987). The three different dopamine receptors (D.sub.1, D.sub.2, D.sub.3) have been cloned as a result of nucleotide sequence homology which exists between these receptor genes. Bunzow, J. R. et al., Nature 336:783-787 (1988); Grandy, D. K. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:9762-9766 (1989); Dal Toso, R. et al., EMBO J. 8: 4025-4034 (1989); Zhou, Q-Y. et al., Nature 346:76-80 (1990); Sunahara, R. K. et al., Nature 34(5:80-83 (1990); Sokoloff, P. et al., Nature 347:146-151 (1990).

The antipsychotic clozapine is useful for socially withdrawn and treatment-resistant schizophrenics [Kane, J. et al., Nature 947:146-151 (1990)], but unlike other antipsychotic drugs, clozapine does not cause tardive dyskinesia [Casey, D. E., Psychopharmacology 99: 547-553 (1989)]. Clozapine, however, has dissociation constants at D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 which are 3 to 30-fold higher than the therapeutic free concentration of clozapine in plasma water [Ackenheil, M. et al., Arzneim-Forsch 2(5:1156-1158 (1976); Sandoz Canada, Inc., Clozaril: Summary of preclinical and clinical data (1990)]. This suggests the existence of dopamine receptors more sensitive to the antipsychotic clozapine.

We have cloned and sequenced such a human dopamine receptor which we term D.sub.4. The dopamine D.sub.4 receptor gene has high homology to the human dopamine D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 receptor genes. The pharmacological profile of this receptor resembles that of the D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 receptors but it has an affinity for clozapine which is tenfold higher. The present inventors envision that the D4 dopamine receptor disclosed as this invention may prove useful in discovering new types of drugs for schizophrenia that like clozapine do not induce tardive dyskinesia and other motor side effects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed toward the isolation, characterization and pharmacological use of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor, the gene corresponding to this receptor, a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector capable of expressing the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells and such cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells that synthesize the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor.

It is an object of the invention to provide a nucleotide sequence encoding a mammalian dopamine receptor. Further, it is an object of the invention to provide a nucleotide sequence that encodes a mammalian dopamine receptor with novel and distinct pharmacological properties. It is specifically an object of the invention to provide a nucleotide sequence encoding a mammalian dopamine receptor having the particular drug dissociation properties of the human dopamine receptor D.sub.4. In particular, the mammalian dopamine receptor encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the present invention has a high affinity for the drug clozapine. The human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor embodied in the present invention shows a biochemical inhibition constant (termed K.sub.i) of 1-40 nanomolar (nM), preferably 1-20 nM, most preferably 11 nM clozapine, as detected by the [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding assay disclosed herein. The human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor embodied in the present invention displays the following pharmacological profile of inhibition of [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding in the [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding assay: spiperone>eticlopride>clozapine>(+)-butaclamol>ratiopride>SCH23390. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence encoding a dopamine receptor encodes the human dopamine receptor D.sub.4.

The present invention includes a nucleotide sequence encoding a mammalian dopamine receptor derived from a cDNA molecule isolated from a cDNA library constructed with RNA from the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. In this embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence includes 780 nucleotides of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor gene comprising transmembrane domains V, VI and VII and 126 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence (SEQ ID Nos.: 8,12 and 15).

The invention also includes a nucleotide sequence derived from human genomic DNA (SEQ ID Nos.: 1,3-5, 7, 8, 10-12, 14 and 15). In this embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence includes 5 kilobases (kb) of human genomic DNA encoding the dopamine receptor D.sub.4. This embodiment includes the sequences present in the cDNA embodiment, an additional 516 nucleotides of coding sequence comprising transmembrane domains I, II, III, and IV, and 590 nucleotides of 5' untranslated sequence. This embodiment of the invention also contains the sequences of four intervening sequences that interrupt the coding sequence of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor gene.

The invention includes a nucleotide sequence of a human D.sub.4 receptor molecule, and includes allelic variations of this nucleotide sequence and the corresponding D.sub.4 receptor molecule, either naturally occurring or the product of in vitro chemical or genetic modification, having essentially the same nucleotide sequence as the nucleotide sequence of the human D.sub.4 receptor disclosed herein, wherein the resulting human D.sub.4 receptor molecule has substantially the same drag dissociation properties of the human D.sub.4 receptor molecule corresponding to the nucleotide sequence described herein.

The invention also includes a predicted amino acid sequence for the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor deduced from the nucleotide sequence comprising the complete coding sequence of the D.sub.4 dopamine receptor gene (SEQ ID Nos.: 2, 6, 9, 13 and 16 and SEQ ID No.:17).

This invention provides both nucleotide and amino acid probes derived from these sequences. The invention includes probes isolated from either the cDNA or genomic DNA clones, as well as probes made synthetically with the sequence information derived therefrom. The invention specifically includes but is not limited to oligonucleotide, nick-translated, random primed, or in vitro amplified probes made using the cDNA or genomic clone embodying the invention, and oligonucleotide and other synthetic probes synthesized chemically using the nucleotide sequence information of the cDNA or genomic clone embodiments of the invention.

It is a further object of this invention to provide sequences of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor for use as a probe to determine the pattern, amount and extent of expression of this receptor in various tissues of mammals, including humans. It is also an object of the present invention to provide probes derived from the sequences of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor to be used for the detection and diagnosis of genetic diseases. It is an object of this invention to provide probes derived from the sequences of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor to be used for the detection of novel related receptor genes.

The present invention also includes synthetic peptides made using the nucleotide sequence information comprising the cDNA or genomic clone embodiments of the invention. The invention includes either naturally occurring or synthetic peptides which may be used as antigens for the production of D.sub.4 dopamine receptor-specific antibodies, or used for competitors of the D.sub.4 receptor molecule for drug binding, or to be used for the production of inhibitors of the binding of dopamine or dopamine analogs of the D.sub.4 dopamine receptor molecule.

In addition, this invention includes a cloning vector comprising the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor and sequences that mediate the replication and selected growth of microorganisms that carry this vector.

The present invention provides a recombinant expression vector comprising the nucleotide sequence of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor and sequences sufficient to direct the synthesis of human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells. In a preferred embodiment, the recombinant expression vector is comprised of plasmid sequences derived from the plasmid pCD-PS and a hybrid human D.sub.4 dopamine gene. This hybrid human D.sub.4 dopamine gene is comprised of the entirety of the genomic sequences from a particular D.sub.4 dopamine genomic clone described herein, up to a PstI site located in exon III, followed by the remainder of the coding and 3' untranslated sequences found in a particular human cDNA sequence derived from a human neuroblastoma cell line. This invention includes a recombinant expression vector comprising essentially the nucleotide sequences of genomic and cDNA clones of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in an embodiment that provides for their expression in cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells.

It is also an object of this invention to provide cultures of transformed eukayotic cells that have been transformed with such a recombinant expression vector and that synthesize human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor protein. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides monkey COS cells that synthesize human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor protein.

The present invention also includes protein preparations of the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor, and preparations of membranes containing the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor, derived from cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells. In a preferred embodiment, cell membranes containing human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor protein is isolated from culture of COS-7 cells transformed with a recombinant expression vector that directs the synthesis of human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor.

It also an object of this invention to provide the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor for use in the in vitro screening of novel antipsychotic compounds. In a preferred embodiment, membrane preparations containing the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor, derived from cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells, are used to determine the drug dissociation properties of antipsychotic compounds in vitro. These properties are then used to characterize novel antipsychotic compounds by comparison to the binding properties of known antipsychotic compounds.

The present invention will also be useful for the in vivo detection of dopamine and a dopamine analog, known or unknown, either naturally occurring or as the embodiments of antipsychotic or other drugs.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the quantitative detection of dopamine and a dopamine analog, either naturally occurring or as the embodiments of antipsychotic or other drugs. It is an additional object of the invention to provide a method to detect dopamine or a dopamine analog in blood, saliva, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, lymph, or any other bodily fluid.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. The structure of a genomic clone comprising the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor gene.

Restriction map of the genomic human dopamine D.sub.4 receptor clone and alignment with the genomic intron/exon organization of the human dopamine D.sub.2 receptor. Relevant restriction endonuclease sites in the D.sub.4 receptor are indicated. The SalI site is part of the cloning site in EMBL3. The proposed coding regions are boxed and numbered in Roman numerals. Perfect matches of proposed intron/exon junction sites are indicated by connecting stippled bars between the receptor clones.

FIG. 2. The nucleotide sequence of genomic and cDNA clones of human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor gene (SEQ ID Nos.: 1, 3-5, 7, 8, 10-12, 14 and 15).

Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the human dopamine receptor gene and cDNA. The putative coding sequence is in capitals (non-coding sequence is in italics) and deduced amino acid sequence is shown above the nucleotide sequence. Numbering of the putative coding sequence begins with the first methionine of the open reading frame. The sequence corresponding to the cDNA clone is hatched.

FIGS. 3A through 3F. Amino acid sequence alignment of mammalian dopamine receptors

Alignment of the putative amino acid sequence of the human (SEQ ID No.:19) and rat (SEQ ID No.:18) D.sub.2, rat D.sub.3 (SEQ ID No.:20) and human (SEQ ID No.:21) and rat (SEQ ID No.:22) D.sub.1 receptor. Amino acids conserved within the group of dopamine receptors are shaded. The putative transmembrane domains are overlined and labeled by Roman numerals.

FIG. 4. Binding of [.sup.3 H]spiperone to transfected COS-7 cell membranes.

Saturation isotherms of the specific binding of [.sup.3 H]spiperone to membranes from COS-7 cells expressing the cloned human dopamine D.sub.4 receptor. The results shown are representative of two independent experiments each conducted in duplicate. Inset, Scatchard plot of the same data. Estimated B.sub.max (approximately 260 fmol/mg protein) and K.sub.i (70 pM) values were obtained by LIGAND computer program.

FIG. 5. Pharmacological specificity of [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding to transfected COS-7 cells.

Representative curves are shown for the concentration dependent inhibition of [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding by various dopaminergic agonist and antagonists. Data were analyzed by LIGAND and the results shown are the means of duplicate determinations. Estimated K.sub.i values are listed in Table I along with the K.sub.i values obtained on the human D.sub.2 receptor expressed in GH.sub.4 ZR7 cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The term "D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor" as used herein refers to proteins substantially homologous to, and having substantially the same biological activity as, the protein coded for by the nucleotide sequence depicted in FIG. 2 (i.e., proteins which display high affinity binding to clozapine). This definition is intended to encompass natural allelic variations in the D.sub.4 dopamine receptor sequence. Cloned genes of the present invention may code for D.sub.4 -dopamine receptors of any species of origin, including, mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, and human, but preferably code for receptors of mammalian, most preferably human, origin.

Nucleotide bases are abbreviated herein as follows:

______________________________________A = Adenine G = GuanineC = Cytosine T = Thymine______________________________________

Amino acid residues are abbreviated herein to either three letters or a single letter as follows:

______________________________________Ala;A = Alanine Leu;L= LeucineArg;R = Arginine Lys;K = LysineAsn;N = Asparagine Met;M = MethionineAsp;D = Aspartic acid Phe;F = PhenylalanineCys;C = Cysteine Pro;P = ProlineGln;Q = Glutamine Ser;S = SerineGlu;E = Glutamic acid Thr;T = ThreonineGly;G = Glycine Trp;W = TryptophanHis;H = Histidine Tyr;Y = TyrosineIle;I = Isoleucine Val;V = Valine______________________________________

The production of proteins such as the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor from cloned genes by genetic engineering is well known. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,371 to Bell et al. at Col. 6 line 3 to Col. 9 line 65. (The disclosure of all U.S. patent references cited herein is to be incorporated herein by reference.) The discussion which follows is accordingly intended as an overview of this field, and is not intended to reflect the full state of the art.

DNA which encodes the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor may be obtained, in view of the instant disclosure, by chemical synthesis, by screening reverse transcripts of mRNA from appropriate cells or cell line cultures, by screening genomic libraries from appropriate cells, or by combinations of these procedures, as illustrated below. Screening of mRNA or genomic DNA may be carried out with oligonucleotide probes generated from the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor gene sequence information provided herein. Probes may be labeled with a detectable group such as a fluorescent group, a radioactive atom or a chemiluminescent group in accordance with know procedures and used in conventional hybridization assays, as described in greater detail in the Examples below. In the alternative, D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor gene sequences may be obtained by use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure, with the PCR oligonucleotide primers being produced from the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor gene sequence provided herein. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,195 to Mullis et al. and 4,683,202 to Mullis.

The D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor may be synthesized in host cells transformed with vectors containing DNA encoding the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor. A vector is a replicable DNA construct. Vectors are used herein either to amplify DNA encoding the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor and/or to express DNA which encodes the D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor. An expression vector is a replicable DNA construct in which a DNA sequence encoding the D.sub.4 receptor is operably linked to suitable control sequences capable of effecting the expression of the D.sub.4 receptor in a suitable host. The need for such control sequences will vary depending upon the host selected and the transformation method chosen. Generally, control sequences include a transcriptional promoter, an optional operator sequence to control transcription, a sequence encoding suitable mRNA ribosomal binding sites, and sequences which control the termination of transcription and translation. Amplification vectors do not require expression control domains. All that is needed is the ability to replicate in a host, usually conferred by an origin of replication, and a selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants.

Vectors useful for practicing the present invention include plasmids, viruses (including phage), retroviruses, and integratable DNA fragments (i.e., fragments integratable into the host genome by homologous recombination). The vector replicates and functions independently of the host genome, or may, in some instances, integrate into the genome itself. Suitable vectors will contain replicon and control sequences which are derived from species compatible with the intended expression host. Transformed host cells are cells which have been transformed or transfected with the D.sub.4 receptor vectors constructed using recombinant DNA techniques. Transformed host cells ordinarily express the D.sub.4 receptor, but host cells transformed for purposes of cloning or amplifying the D.sub.4 receptor DNA need not express the D.sub.4 receptor. When expressed, the D.sub.4 receptor will typically be located in the host cell membrane.

DNA regions are operably linked when they are functionally related to each other. For example: a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the sequence; a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to permit translation. Generally, operably linked means contiguous and, in the case of leaders sequences, contiguous and in the same translational reading frame.

Cultures of cells derived from multicellular organisms are a desirable host for recombinant D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor synthesis. In principal, any higher eukaryotic cell culture is workable, whether from vertebrate or invertebrate culture. However, mammalian cells are preferred, as illustrated in the Examples. Propagation of such cells in cell culture has become a routine procedure. See Tissue Culture, Academic Press, Kruse and Patterson, editors (1973). Examples of useful host cell lines are VERO and HeLa cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, and WI138, BHK, COS-7, CV, and MDCK cell lines. Expression vectors for such cells ordinarily include (if necessary) an origin of replication, a promoter located upstream from the gene to be expressed, along with a ribosome binding site, RNA splice site (if intron-containing genomic DNA is used), a polyadenylation site, and a transcriptional termination sequence.

The transcriptional and translational control sequences in expression vectors to be used in transforming vertebrate cells are often provided by viral sources. For example, commonly used promoters are derived from polyoma, Adenovirus 2, and Simian Virus 40 (SV40). See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,308. The early and late promoters of SV40 are useful because both are obtained easily from the virus as a fragment which also contains the SV40 viral origin of replication. See Fiers et al., Nature 273:113 (1978). Further, the human genomic D.sub.4 receptor promoter, control and/or signal sequences, may also be used, provided such control sequences are compatible with the host cell chosen.

An origin of replication may be provided either by construction of the vector to include an exogenous origin, such as may be derived from SV40 or other viral source (e.g., Polyoma, Adenovirus, VSV, or MPV), or may be provided by the host cell chromosomal replication mechanism. If the vector is integrated into the host cell chromosome, the latter may be sufficient.

D.sub.4 -dopamine receptors made from cloned genes in accordance with the present invention may be used for screening compounds for D.sub.4 dopamine receptor activity, or for determining the amount of a dopaminergic drug in a solution (e.g., blood plasma or serum). For example, host cells may be transformed with a vector of the present invention, D.sub.4 -dopamine receptors expressed in that host, the cells lysed, and the membranes from those cells used to screen compounds for D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor binding activity. Competitive binding assays in which such procedures may be carded out are well known, as illustrated by the Examples below. By selection of host cells which do not ordinarily express a dopamine receptor, pure preparations of membranes containing D.sub.4 receptors can be obtained. Further, D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor agonist and antagonists can be identified by transforming host cells with vectors of the present invention. Membranes obtained from such cells can be used in binding studies wherein the drug dissociation activity is monitored. Such cells must contain D.sub.4 protein in the plasma and other cell membranes. Procedures for carrying out assays such as these are also described in greater detail in the Examples which follow.

Cloned genes and vectors of the present invention are useful in molecular biology to transform cells which do not ordinarily express the D.sub.4 dopamine receptor to thereafter express this receptor. Such cells are useful as intermediates for making cell membrane preparations useful for receptor binding assays, which are in turn useful for drug screening. Further, genes and vectors of the present invention are useful in gene therapy. For such purposes, retroviral vectors as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,764 to Temin and Watanabe or U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,719 to Miller may be employed. Cloned genes of the present invention, or fragments thereof, may also be used in gene therapy carded out homologous recombination or site-directed mutagenesis. See generally Thomas, K. and Capecchi, M., Cell 51: 503-512 (1987); Bertling, W., Bioscience Reports 7:107-112 (1987); Smithies, O. et al., Nature 317:230-234 (1985).

Cloned genes of the present invention, and oligonucleotides derived therefrom, are useful for screening for restfiction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with certain genetic disorders.

Oligonucleotides of the present invention are useful as diagnostic tools for probing D.sub.4 -receptor gene expression in nervous tissue. For example, tissue can be probed in situ with oligonucleotide probes carrying detectable groups by conventional autoradiography techniques, as explained in greater detail in the Examples below, to investigate native expression of this receptor or pathological conditions relating thereto. Further, chromosomes can be probed to investigate the presence or absence of a D.sub.4 -dopamine receptor gene, and potential pathological conditions related thereto, as also illustrated by the Examples below.

The Examples which follow are illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention, and various-uses thereof. They are set forth for explanatory purposes only, and are not to be taken as limiting the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

Screening Tissue and Cell Line RNA for Donamine-Like Receptor Expression

RNA was prepared from different rat tissues or cell lines using the guadinium thiocyanate/CsCl procedure described in Bunzow et al., Nature 336:783-787 (1988). The tissues included heart, epididymis, testis, gut, pancreas, spleen, thymus, muscle, ventricle, atria, lung, adrenal, kidney, liver, pineal gland and pituitary. The cell lines screened included SK-N-MC, SK-N-SH, COS, AKR1, Ltk.sup.-, GH4C1, NG108-15, ART20, 3T3, BSC40, C6, CV-1, Hela, IMR-32, N4TG1, NCB-20, PC-12, Rion m5f and WERI-Rb-1. 20 .mu.g of RNA was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization with a radiolabeled BstYI-BglII DNA fragment of the rat D.sub.2 receptor, which encodes the putative transmembrane domains VI and VII. The hybridization conditions used were 25% formamide, 1M NaCl, 1% SDS, 100 .mu.g/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA, 0.2% polyvinylpirolidone, 0.2% Ficoll, and 0.05M Tris/HCl (pH 7.4); hybridization was performed overnight at 37.degree. C. The blot was then washed at 55.degree. C. in 2.times. standard saline-citrate (SSC) and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Exposure was for two days at -70.degree. C. using an intensifying screen. For comparison, the same blot was hybridized under high stringency conditions, which are the same conditions using 50% formamide and 42.degree. C. for the hybridication and 0.2.times. SSC for the wash. Under high and low stringency only the adrenal gland showed a positive signal while under low stringency the SK-N-MC line also showed a signal.

EXAMPLE 2

Construction of a cDNA Phage Library using Neuroblastoma RNA

Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized using standard techniques [see Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1989] from poly(A)+mRNA isolated from the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC as described in Example 1. The cDNA was directionally cloned into the EcoRI and XhoI restriction endonuclease sites of the phage cloning vector lambda ZAPII (Stratagene, 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, Cal. 92037). The library was transferred to colony plaque screen filters (New England Nuclear, 549 Albany Street, Boston, Mass. 02118) and prehybridized overnight at 37.degree. C. in 25% formamide, 0.2% polyvinylpyrolidone, 0.2% Ficoll, 0.05M Tris/HCl (pH 7.5), 1M NaCl, 0.1% pyrophosphate, 1% SDS and denatured salmon sperm DNA (100/.mu.g/ml). Approximately 500,000 independent clones were screened under low-stringency conditions of hybridization. Hybridization was performed for 30 hrs with 1.6 kb BamHI - BglII and 300 bp BstYI - BglII fragments of a rat D.sub. 2 receptor clone, .sup.32 P-labeled using a random primed labeling system (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals, P.O. Box 50414, Indianapolis, Ind. 46250) at a specific activity of 10.sup.6 dpm/.mu.g. Filters were washed at 55.degree. C. in 2.times. SSC and 1% SDS. The clone D.sub.2 10S was isolated and sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy chain termination method catalyzed by Sequenase (U.S. Biochemical Corporation, P.O. Box 22400, Cleveland, Ohio 44122). The sequence of this clone is shown in FIG. 2 (hatched area) (SEQ ID NOS.: 8, 12 and 15).

EXAMPLE 3

Screening a Genomic DNA Phage Library with a Human Dopamine Receptor Probe

Clone D.sub.2 10S was 32P-labeled by random primed synthesis and used to screen a commercially available human genomic library cloned in the phage vector EMBL3 (Clonetech). Hybridization was performed as described in Example 2 using with 50% formamide. After hybridization the filters were washed at 65.degree. C. in 0.1.times. SSC and 0.1% SDS. The clone D.sub.2 10G was isolated and analyzed by restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analysis. The map of this genomic clone is shown in FIG. 1, wherein the structure of the D.sub.4 receptor gene is compared with the structure of the D.sub.2 gene. 1.3 kb and 2.6 kb PstI - PstI fragments and an overlapping 2.0 kb SalI- EcoRI fragment of the D.sub.4 receptor gene were subcloned into the plasmid pBluescript-SK (Stratagene). The subcloned fragments were characterized by sequence analysis as described above. This sequence is shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NOS.: 1, 3-5, 7, 8, 10-12, 14 and 15).

EXAMPLE 4

DNA Sequence Analysis of the Human D.sub.4 Dopamine Receptor

One of the cDNA clones detected by screening the SK-N-MC neuroblastoma library with a rat D.sub.2 probe at low stringency (D.sub.2 10S) contained a 780 bp EcoRI-XhoI insert which hybridized to the rat probe. Sequence analysis of this insert showed the presence of an open reading frame with homology to the amino acid sequence of transmembrane domains V (45%), VI (46%) and VII (78%) of the D.sub.2 receptor as shown in FIGS. 3A through 3F.

Screening of a human genomic EMBL3 library (Clontech) under high stringency conditions with the clone D.sub.2 10S resulted in the isolation of the genomic clone D.sub.2 10G. Southern blot and sequence analysis indicated that the clone contained a 5 kb SalI-PstI fragment which coded for the entire gene of D.sub.2 10S. Sequence analysis revealed, 590 bp downstream from the SalI site, a potential translation initiation codon (ATG) followed by an open reading frame that showed amino acid sequence homolog), with transmembrane domain I (36%) and II (63%) of the D.sub.2 receptor. Almost immediately downstream from transmembrane domain II, hornology to the D.sub.2 receptor disappears, indicating the presence of an intron in the genomic DNA. This intron spanned approximately 2 kb, after which sequence homolog), to the D.sub.2 receptor was re-established. Translation of the putative gene product shown homology to the transmembrane domains III (68%), IV (37%), V(46%) and VII (78%) of the D.sub.2 receptor (see FIGS. 3A through 3F).

Potential splice junction donor and acceptor sites (Mount, Nucl. Acids Res. 10:461-472, 1982) were found in the transmembrane domains II, III and VI, as shown in FIG. 1. These splice sites were at an identical position as in the D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 receptor gene [see Grandy, D. K. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:9762-9766 (1989); Dal Toso, R. et al., EMBO J. 8: 4025-4034 (1989); Sokoloff, P. et al., Nature 347:146-151 (1990)] and FIG. 1. The coding sequence downstream from transmembrane domain IV is identical to the sequence of clone D.sub.2 10S but is interrupted by an intron of about 300 bp between transmembrane domain V and VI and an additional intron of 92 bp in transmembrane VI (FIG. 1, hatched area). The precise location of the splice site for the intron between transmembrane V and VI cannot be determined due to the fact that a sequence of 52 bp present in the coding sequence is repeated exactly on either side of the intron (FIG. 2).

The deduced amino acid sequence from the genomic and cDNA nucleotide sequences indicated that this gene codes for a protein of 387 amino acids with an apparent molecular weight of 41 kD (SEQ ID NOS.: 2, 6, 9, 13 and 16 and SEQ ID NO.: 17). A hydrophobicity plot of the protein sequence suggests the existence of seven transmembrane domains. These regions correlate with the observed homologous regions in the human D.sub.2 receptor and other receptors belonging to the family of G-protein coupled receptors [Bunzow, J. R. et al., Nature 336:783-787 (1988); Sokoloff, P. et al., Nature 3.47:146-151 (1990); Dohlman, H. G. et al., Biochemistry 26: 2657-2664 (1987) and FIG. 2]. Two amino acids downstream from the initiation methionine is a potential N-linked glycosylation site [Hubbard, S. & Ivatt, R., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50:, 555-583 (1981)]. The amino acid residues Asp (80) and Asp (115) in the D.sub.4 receptor, which are conserved within the family catecholaminergic receptors, are postulated to act as centurions in catecholamine binding [Strader, C. D. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263: 10267-10271 (1988)]. Also conserved within the family of catecholaminergic receptors are Ser (197) and Ser (700) which have been suggested to interact with the catechol hydroxyl groups [Kozak, M., Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 857-872 (1984)]. Several consensus sites for potential phosphorylation by protein kinase C and protein kinase A are noted in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop [Sibley, D. R. et al., Cell 48:913-922 (1987); Bouvier, M. et al., Nature 333: 370-373 (1988)]. The Cys (187), which may serve as a substrate for palmitoylation, is conserved in most of the G-protein coupled receptors [O'Dowd, B. F. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264:7564-7569 (1989)]. The short carboxyl tail, which terminates similar to the D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 receptor at Cys (387) [Bunzow, J. R. et al., Nature 336:783-787 (1988); Grandy, D. K. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:9762-9766 (1989); Dal Toso, R. et al., EMBO J. 8:4025-4034 (1989); Sokoloff, P. et al., Nature 347:146-151 (1990)], and the relative large 3rd cytoplasmic loop, are features observed in most receptors which interact with an isoform of the G protein.

EXAMPLE 5

Construction of an Mammalian DNA Expression Vector using Dopamine Receptor CDNA

The SalI-PstI gene fragment (FIG. 1, the PstI site found in exon III after transmembrane domain V) was ligated to the corresponding PstI-EcoRI cDNA fragment isolated from the SK-N-MC cDNA. This construct was then cloned into the vector pCD-PS [Bonner et al., Neuron 1:403-410 (1988)]. This vector allows for the expression of the human D.sub.4 receptor gene fore the SV40 promoter. Large quantities of the pCD-PS-D.sub.4 construct plasmid were prepared using standard techniques. This plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells by the calcium phosphate precipitation technique [Gorman et al., Science 221:551-553 (1983)]. Two days later membranes cells were harvested and analyzed as described in Example 6.

EXAMPLE 6

Analysis of Dopamine and Dopamine-Antagonist Binding of D.sub.4 Dopamine Receptor

Cells were harvested and homogenized using a teflon pestle in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4 at 4.degree. C.) buffer containing 5 mM EDTA, 1.5 mM CaCl.sub.2, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 5 mM KCl and 120 mM NaCl. Homogenates were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 39,000 g, and the resulting pellets resuspended in buffer at a concentration of 150-250 ug/ml. For saturation experiments, 0.25 ml aliquots of tissue homogenate were incubated in duplicate with increasing concentrations of [.sup.3 H]spiperone (70.3 Ci/mmol; 10-3000 pM final concentration) for 120 min at 22.degree. C. in a total volume of 1 ml. The results of these experiments are shown in FIG. 4. For competition binding experiments, assays were initiated by the addition of 0.25 ml of membrane and incubated in duplicate with the concentrations of competing ligands indicated in FIG. 5 (10.sup.-14 to 10.sup.-3 M) and [.sup.3 H]spiperone (150- 300 pM) for 120 min at 22.degree. C.. Assays were terminated by rapid filtration through a Titertek cell harvester and filters subsequently monitored to quantitate radioactive tritium. For all experiments specific [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding was defined as that inhibited by 10 .mu.M (+)sulpiride. Both saturation and competition binding data were analyzed by the non-linear least square curve-fitting program LIGAND run on a Digital Micro-PP-11. The human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor displays the following pharmacological profile of inhibition of [.sup.3 H]spiperone binding in this assay: spiperone>eticlopride>clozapine (+)-butaclamol>raclopride>SCH23390 as shown in Table I.

__________________________________________________________________________SEQUENCE LISTING(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 22(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 388 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A ) NAME/KEY: 5'UTR(B) LOCATION: 1..103(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: exon(B) LOCATION: 104..388(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: CDS(B) LOCATION: 104..388(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:CGGGGGCGGGACCAGGGTCCGGCCGGGGCGTGCCCCCGGGGAGGGACTCCCCGGCTTGCC 60CCCCGGCGTTGTCCGCGGTGCTCAGCGCCCGCCCGGGCGCGCCATGGGGAACCGC115MetGlyAsnArg AGCACCGCGGACGCGGACGGGCTGCTGGCTGGGCGCGGGCCGGCCGCG163SerThrAlaAspAlaAspGlyLeuLeuAlaGlyArgGlyProAlaAla51015 20GGGGCATCTGCGGGGGCATCTGCGGGGCTGGCTGGGCAGGGCGCGGCG211GlyAlaSerAlaGlyAlaSerAlaGlyLeuAlaGlyGlnGlyAlaAla2530 35GCGCTGGTGGGGGGCGTGCTGCTCATCGGCGCGGTGCTCGCGGGGAAC259AlaLeuValGlyGlyValLeuLeuIleGlyAlaValLeuAlaGlyAsn404550TCGCTCGTGTGCGTGAGCGTGGCCACCGAGCGCGCCCTGCAGACGCCC307SerLeuValCysValSerValAlaThrGluArgAlaLeuGlnThrPro556065ACC AACTCCTTCATCGTGAGCCTGGCGGCCGCCGACCTCCTCCTCGCT355ThrAsnSerPheIleValSerLeuAlaAlaAlaAspLeuLeuLeuAla707580CTCCTGGTGCTG CCGCTCTTCGTCTACTCCGAG388LeuLeuValLeuProLeuPheValTyrSerGlu859095(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 95 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:MetGlyAsnArgSerThrAlaAspAlaAspGlyLeuLeuAlaGlyArg151015GlyArgAlaAl aGlyAlaSerAlaGlyAlaSerAlaGlyLeuAlaGly202530GlnGlyAlaAlaAlaLeuValGlyGlyValLeuLeuIleGlyAlaVal35 4045LeuAlaGlyAsnSerLeuValCysValSerValAlaThrGluArgAla505560LeuGlnThrProThrAsnSerPheIleValSerLeuAlaAlaA laAsp65707580LeuLeuLeuAlaLeuLeuValLeuProLeuPheValTyrSerGlu859095(2 ) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: intron(B) LOCATION: 1..20(C) IDENTIFICATION METHOD: experimental(D) OTHER INFORMATION: /partial /cons.sub.-- splice=(5'site: YES, 3'site: NO)/evidence=EXPERIMENTAL/label=IntronI/note="This is the 5'sequence of an intronestimated to be 2.0 kilobases in length"(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:GTGAGCCGCGTCCGGCCGCA20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: intron(B) LOCATION: 1..20(C) IDENTIFICATION METHOD: experimental(D) OTHER INFORMATION: /partial /cons.sub.-- splice=(5'site: NO, 3'site: YES)/evidence=EXPERIMENTAL/label=IntronI/note="This is the 3'sequence of a intronestimated to be 2.0 kilobases in length."(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:CCTGTGGTGTCGCCGCGCAG 20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 113 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: exon(B) LOCATION: 1..113(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 1..113(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:GTCCAGGGTGGCGCGTGGCTGCTGAGCCCCCGCCTGTGCGACGCCCTC48ValGlnGlyGlyAlaTrpLeuLeuSerProArgLeuCysAspAlaLeu15 1015ATGGCCATGGACGTCATGCTGTGCACCGCCTCCATCTTCAACCTGTGC96MetAlaMetAspValMetLeuCysThrAlaSerIlePheAsnLeuCys202 530GCCATCAGCGTGGACAG113AlaIleSerValAsp35(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 37 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:ValGlnGlyGlyAlaTrpLeuLeuSerProArgLeuCysAspAlaLeu151015MetAlaMetAspValMetLeuCys ThrAlaSerIlePheAsnLeuCys202530AlaIleSerValAsp35(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 102 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C ) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: intron(B) LOCATION: 1..102(C) IDENTIFICATION METHOD: experimental(D) OTHER INFORMATION: /evidence=EXPERIMENTAL/label=IntronII(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:GTGCGCCGCCCTCCCCGCCCGCGCCCCGGCGCCCCCGCGC CCCGCCCGCCGCCCTCACCG60CGGCCTGTGCGCTGTCCGGCGCCCCCTCGGCGCTCCCCGCAG102(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 409 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: exon(B) LOCATION: 1..409(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: CDS(B) LOCATION: 2..409(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:GTTCGTGGCCGTGGCCGTGCCGCTGCGCTACAACCGGCAGGGTGGG46 PheValAlaValAlaValProLeuArgTyrAsnArgGlnGlyGly151015AGCCGCCGGCAGCTGCTGCTCATCGGCGCCACGTGGCTGCTGTCCGCG94 SerArgArgGlnLeuLeuLeuIleGlyAlaThrTrpLeuLeuSerAla202530GCGGTGGCGGCGCCCGTACTGTGCGGCCTCAACGACGTGCGCGGCCGC142AlaValAlaAlaProValLeuCysGlyLeuAsnAspValArgGlyArg354045GACCCCGCCGTGTGCCGCCTGGAGGACCGCGACTACGTGGTCTACTCG190A spProAlaValCysArgLeuGluAspArgAspTyrValValTyrSer505560TCCGTGTGCTCCTTCTTCCTACCCTGCCCGCTCATGCTGCTGCTGTAC238SerVal CysSerPhePheLeuProCysProLeuMetLeuLeuLeuTyr657075TGGGCCACGTTCCGCGGCCTGCAGCGCTGGGAGGTGGCACGTCGCGCC286TrpAlaThrPheArg GlyLeuGlnArgTrpGluValAlaArgArgAla80859095AAGCTGCACGGCCGCGCGCCCCGCCGACCCAGCGGCCCTGGCCCGCCT334LysLeuHisGl yArgAlaProArgArgProSerGlyProGlyProPro100105110TCCCCCACGCCACCCGCGCCCCGCCTCCCCCAGGACCCCTGCGGCCCC382SerProThrP roProAlaProArgLeuProGlnAspProCysGlyPro115120125GACTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGCCTC409AspCysAlaPro ProAlaProGlyLeu130135(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 136 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:PheValAlaValAlaValProLeuArg TyrAsnArgGlnGlyGlySer151015ArgArgGlnLeuLeuLeuIleGlyAlaThrTrpLeuLeuSerAlaAla2025 30ValAlaAlaProValLeuCysGlyLeuAsnAspValArgGlyArgAsp354045ProAlaValCysArgLeuGluAspArgAspTyrValValTyrSerSer 505560ValCysSerPhePheLeuProCysProLeuMetLeuLeuLeuTyrTrp65707580AlaThrPheArgGlyL euGlnArgTrpGluValAlaArgArgAlaLys859095LeuHisGlyArgAlaProArgArgProSerGlyProGlyProProSer100 105110ProThrProProAlaProArgLeuProGlnAspProCysGlyProAsp115120125CysAlaProProAlaProGlyLeu130 135(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:TCCCCGGGGTCCCTGCGGCC 20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 73 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:CCTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGCCTCCCCCAGGACCCCTGCGGCCCCGACTGTGC GCCCC60CCGCGCCCGGCCT73(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 155 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: exon(B) LOCATION: 1..155(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: CDS(B) LOCATION: 2..154(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:CCCCCCGGACCCCTGCGGCTCCAACTGTGCTCCCCCCGACGCCGTCAGA49ProProAspPro CysGlySerAsnCysAlaProProAspAlaValArg151015GCCGCCGCGCTCCCACCCCAGACTCCACCGCAGACCCGCAGGAGGCGG97AlaAlaAla LeuProProGlnThrProProGlnThrArgArgArgArg202530CGTGCCAAGATCACCGGCCGGGAGCGCAAGGCCATGAGGGTCCTGCCG145ArgAlaLysIle ThrGlyArgGluArgLysAlaMetArgValLeuPro354045GTGGTGGTCG155ValValVal50(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 51 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:ProProAspProCysGlySerAsnCysAlaProProAspAlaValArg15 1015AlaAlaAlaLeuProProGlnThrProProGlnThrArgArgArgArg202530ArgAlaLysIleThrGlyArgGluArgLys AlaMetArgValLeuPro354045ValValVal50(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 94 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: intron(B) LOCATION: 1..94(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:GTGGGTTCCTGTCCTGAGGGGCGGGGAGGAGAGGAGGGGGGGAGTACGAGGCCGGCTGGG60CGGGGGGCGCTAACGCGGCTCTCGGCGCCCCCAG 94(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 328 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: exon(B) LOCATION: 1..328(ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS(B) LOCATION: 3..203(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: 3'UTR(B) LOCATION: 204..328(ix) FEATURE:(A) NAME/KEY: polyA.sub.-- site(B) LOCATION: 304(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:GGGCCTTCCTGCTGTGCTGGACGCCCTTCTTCGTGGTGCACATCA CG47AlaPheLeuLeuCysTrpThrProPhePheValValHisIleThr151015CAGGCGCTGTGTCCTGCCTGCTCCGTGCCCCCGCGGCTGGTCA GCGCC95GlnAlaLeuCysProAlaCysSerValProProArgLeuValSerAla202530GTCACCTGGCTGGGCTACGTCAACAGCGCCCTCACCCCCGTC ATCTAC143ValThrTrpLeuGlyTyrValAsnSerAlaLeuThrProValIleTyr354045ACTGTCTTCAACGCCGAGTTCCGCAACGTCTTCCGCAAGGCCCTG CGT191ThrValPheAsnAlaGluPheArgAsnValPheArgLysAlaLeuArg505560GCCTGCTGCTGAGCCGGGCACCCCCGGACGCCCCCCGGCCTGATGGCCA 240AlaCysCys65GGCCTCAGGGACCAAGGAGATGGGGAGGGCGCTTTTGTACGTTAATTAAACAAATTCCTT300CCCAAACTCAGCTGTGAAGGCTCCTGGG328(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:(i ) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 66 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:AlaPheLeuLeuCysTrpThrProPhePheValValHisIleThrGln1510 15AlaLeuCysProAlaCysSerValProProArgLeuValSerAlaVal202530ThrTrpLeuGlyTyrValAsnSerAlaLeuThrProValIleTyr Thr354045ValPheAsnAlaGluPheArgAsnValPheArgLysAlaLeuArgAla505560CysCys65(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 387 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:MetGlyAsnArgSerThrAlaAspAlaAspGlyLeuLeuAlaGlyArg1 51015GlyProAlaAlaGlyAlaSerAlaGlyAlaSerAlaGlyLeuAlaGly202530GlnGlyAlaAla AlaLeuValGlyGlyValLeuLeuIleGlyAlaVal354045LeuAlaGlyAsnSerLeuValCysValSerValAlaThrGluArgAla50 5560LeuGlnThrProThrAsnSerPheIleValSerLeuAlaAlaAlaAsp65707580LeuLeuLeuAlaLeuLeu ValLeuProLeuPheValTyrSerGluVal859095GlnGlyGlyAlaTrpLeuLeuSerProArgLeuCysAspAlaLeuMet100 105110AlaMetAspValMetLeuCysThrAlaSerIlePheAsnLeuCysAla115120125IleSerValAspArgPheVa lAlaValAlaValProLeuArgTyrAsn130135140ArgGlnGlyGlySerArgArgGlnLeuLeuLeuIleGlyAlaThrTrp145150 155160LeuLeuSerAlaAlaValAlaAlaProValLeuCysGlyLeuAsnAsp165170175ValArgGlyArgAspPro AlaValCysArgLeuGluAspArgAspTyr180185190ValValTyrSerSerValCysSerPhePheLeuProCysProLeuMet195 200205LeuLeuLeuTyrTrpAlaThrPheArgGlyLeuGlnArgTrpGluVal210215220AlaArgArgAlaLysLeuHisGlyArg AlaProArgArgProSerGly225230235240ProGlyProProSerProThrProProAlaProArgLeuProGlnAsp245 250255ProCysGlyProAspCysAlaProProAlaProGlyLeuProProAsp260265270ProCysGlySerAsnCysA laProProAspAlaValArgAlaAlaAla275280285LeuProProGlnThrProProGlnThrArgArgArgArgArgAlaLys29029 5300IleThrGlyArgGluArgLysAlaMetArgValLeuProValValVal305310315320GlyAlaPheLeuLeuCysTrpTh rProPhePheValValHisIleThr325330335GlnAlaLeuCysProAlaCysSerValProProArgLeuValSerAla340 345350ValThrTrpLeuGlyTyrValAsnSerAlaLeuAsnArgValIleTyr355360365ThrValPheAsnAlaGluPheArg AsnValPheArgLysAlaLeuArg370375380AlaCysCys385(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 443 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:MetAspProLeuAsnLeuSerTrpTyrAspAspAspLeuGluArgGln151015AsnTrpSerArgPro PheAsnGlySerAspGlyLysAlaAspArgPro202530HisTyrHisTyrTyrAlaThrLeuLeuThrLeuLeuIleAlaValIle35 4045ValPheGlyAsnValLeuValCysMetAlaValSerArgGluLysAla505560LeuGlnThrThrThrAsnTyrLeuIle ValSerLeuAlaValAlaAsp65707580LeuLeuValAlaThrLeuValMetProTrpValValTyrLeuGluVal85 9095ValGlyGluTrpLysPheSerArgIleHisCysAspIlePheValThr100105110LeuAspValMetMetCysTh rAlaSerIleLeuAsnLeuCysAlaIle115120125SerIleAspArgTyrThrAlaValAlaMetProMetLeuTyrAsnThr130135 140ArgTyrSerSerLysArgArgValThrValMetIleSerIleValTrp145150155160ValLeuSerPheThrIleSerCys ProLeuLeuPheGlyLeuAsnAsn165170175AlaAspGlnAsnGluCysIleIleAlaAsnProAlaPheValValTyr180 185190SerSerIleValSerPheTyrValProPheIleValThrLeuLeuVal195200205TyrIleLysIleTyrIleValLeu ArgArgArgArgLysArgValAsn210215220ThrLysArgSerSerArgAlaPheArgAlaHisLeuArgAlaProLeu225230 235240LysGlyAsnCysThrHisProGluAspMetLysLeuCysThrValIle245250255MetLysSerAsnGlySerPheP roValAsnArgArgArgValAspAla260265270AlaArgArgAlaGlnGluLeuGluMetGluMetLeuSerSerThrSer275 280285ProProGluArgThrArgTyrSerProIleProProSerHisHisGln290295300LeuThrLeuProAspProSerHisHisGlyLe uHisSerThrProAsp305310315320SerProAlaLysProGluLysAsnGlyHisAlaLysAspHisProLys325 330335IleAlaLysIlePheGluIleGlnThrMetProAsnGlyLysThrArg340345350ThrSerLeuLysThrMetSerArg ArgLysLeuSerGlnGlnLysGlu355360365LysLysAlaThrGlnMetLeuAlaIleValLeuGlyValPheIleIle370375 380CysTrpLeuProPhePheIleThrHisIleLeuAsnIleHisCysAsp385390395400CysAsnIleProProValLeuTyrSer AlaPheThrTrpLeuGlyTyr405410415ValAsnSerAlaValAsnProIleIleTyrThrThrPheAsnIleGlu420 425430PheArgLysAlaPheLeuLysIleLeuHisCys435440(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 444 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19:MetAspProLeuAsnLeuSerTrpTyrAspAspAspLeuGluArgGln151015AsnTrpSerArgPro PheAsnGlySerGluGlyLysAlaAspArgPro202530HisTyrAsnTyrTyrAlaMetLeuLeuThrLeuLeuIlePheIleIle35 4045ValPheGlyAsnValLeuValCysMetAlaValSerArgGluLysAla505560LeuGlnThrThrThrAsnTyrLeuIle ValSerLeuAlaValAlaAsp65707580LeuLeuValAlaThrLeuValMetProTrpValValTyrLeuGluVal85 9095ValGlyGluTrpLysPheSerArgIleHisCysAspIlePheValThr100105110LeuAspValMetMetCysTh rAlaSerIleLeuAsnLeuCysAlaIle115120125SerIleAspArgTyrThrAlaValAlaMetProMetLeuTyrAsnThr130135 140ArgTyrSerSerLysArgArgValThrValMetIleAlaIleValTrp145150155160ValLeuSerPheThrIleSerCys ProLeuLeuPheGlyIleAsnAsn165170175ThrAspGlnAsnGluCysIleIleAlaAsnProAlaPheValValTyr180 185190SerSerIleValSerPheTyrValProPheIleValThrLeuLeuVal195200205TyrIleLysIleTyrIleValLeu ArgLysArgArgLysArgValAsn210215220ThrLysArgSerSerArgAlaPheArgAlaAsnLeuLysThrProLeu225230 235240LysGlyAsnCysThrHisProGluAspMetLysLeuCysThrValIle245250255MetLysSerAsnGlySerPheP roValAsnArgArgArgMetAspAla260265270AlaArgArgAlaGlnGluLeuGluMetGluMetLeuSerSerThrSer275 280285ProProGluArgThrArgTyrSerProIleProProSerHisHisGln290295300LeuThrLeuProAspProSerHisHisGlyLe uHisSerAsnProAsp305310315320SerProAlaLysProGluLysAsnGlyHisAlaLysIleValAsnPro325 330335ArgIleAlaLysPhePheGluIleGlnThrMetProAsnGlyLysThr340345350ArgThrSerLeuLysThrMetSer ArgArgLysLeuSerGlnGlnLys355360365GluLysLysAlaThrGlnMetLeuAlaIleValLeuGlyValPheIle370375 380IleCysTrpLeuProPhePheIleThrHisIleLeuAsnIleHisCys385390395400AspCysAsnIleProProValLeuTyr SerAlaPheThrTrpLeuGly405410415TyrValAsnSerAlaValAsnProIleIleTyrThrThrPheAsnIle420 425430GluPheArgLysAlaPheMetLysIleLeuHisCys435440(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 444 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20:MetAlaProLeuSerGlnIleSerThrHisLeuAsnSerThrCysGly151015AlaGluAsnSer ThrGlyValAsnArgAlaArgProHisAlaTyrTyr202530AlaLeuSerTyrCysAlaLeuIleLeuAlaIleIlePheGlyAsnGly35 4045LeuValCysAlaAlaValIleArgGluArgAlaLeuGlnThrThrThr505560AsnTyrLeuValValSerLeuAla ValAlaAspLeuLeuValAlaThr65707580LeuValMetProTrpValValTyrLeuGluValThrGlyGlyValTrp85 9095AsnPheSerArgIleCysCysAspValPheValThrLeuAspValMet100105110MetCysThrAlaSerIl eLeuAsnLeuCysAlaIleSerIleAspArg115120125TyrThrAlaValValMetProValHisTyrGlnHisGlyThrGlyGln130 135140SerSerCysArgArgValAlaLeuMetIleThrAlaValTrpValLeu145150155160AlaPheAlaValSerCysPro LeuLeuPheGlyPheAsnThrThrGly165170175AspProSerIleCysSerIleSerAsnProAspPheValIleTyrSer180 185190SerValValSerPheTyrValProPheGlyValThrValLeuValTyr195200205AlaArgIleTyrIleValLeu ArgGlnArgGlnArgIleLeuThrArg210215220GlnAsnSerGlnCysIleSerIleArgProGlyPheProGlnGlnSer225230 235240SerCysLeuArgLeuHisProIleArgGlnPheSerIleArgAlaArg245250255PheLeuSerAspAlaThrG lyGlnMetGluHisIleGluAspLysGln260265270TyrProGlnLysCysGlnAspProLeuLeuSerHisLeuGlnProPro275 280285SerProGlyGlnThrHisGlyGlyLeuLysArgTyrTyrSerIleCys290295300GlnAspThrAlaLeuArgHisProSerLe uGluGlyGlyAlaGlyMet305310315320SerProValGluArgThrArgAsnSerLeuSerProThrMetAlaPro325 330335LysLeuSerLeuGluValArgLysLeuSerAsnGlyArgLeuSerThr340345350SerLeuArgLeuGlyProLeu GlnProArgGlyValProLeuArgGlu355360365LysLysAlaThrGlnMetValValIleValLeuGlyAlaPheIleVal370375 380CysTrpLeuProPhePheLeuThrHisValLeuAsnThrHisCysGln385390395400AlaCysHisValSerProGluLeu TyrArgAlaThrThrTrpLeuGly405410415TyrValAsnSerAlaLeuAsnProValIleTyrThrThrPheAsnVal420 425430GluPheArgLysAlaPheLeuLysIleLeuSerCys435440(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 446 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21:MetArgThrLeuAsnThrSerAlaMetAspGlyThrGlyLeuValVal151015GluArgAsp PheSerValArgIleLeuThrAlaCysPheLeuSerLeu202530LeuIleLeuSerThrLeuLeuGlyAsnThrLeuValCysAlaAlaVal3 54045IleArgPheArgHisLeuArgSerLysValThrAsnPhePheValIle505560SerLeuAlaValSerAspLeu LeuValAlaValLeuValMetProTrp65707580LysAlaValAlaGluIleAlaGlyPheTrpProPheGlySerPheCys8 59095AsnIleTrpValAlaPheAspIleMetCysSerThrAlaSerIleLeu100105110AsnLeuCysValIl eSerValAspArgTyrTrpAlaIleSerSerPro115120125PheArgTyrGluArgLysMetThrProLysAlaAlaPheIleLeuIle130 135140SerValAlaTrpThrLeuSerValLeuIleSerPheIleProValGln145150155160LeuSerTrpHisLysAla LysProThrSerProSerAspGlyAsnAla165170175ThrSerLeuAlaGluThrIleAspAsnCysAspSerSerLeuSerArg180 185190ThrTyrAlaIleSerSerSerValIleSerPheTyrIleProValAla195200205IleMetIleValThrTyr ThrArgIleTyrArgIleAlaGlnLysGln210215220IleArgArgIleAlaAlaLeuGluArgAlaAlaValHisAlaLysAsn225230 235240CysGlnThrThrThrGlyAsnGlyLysProValGluCysSerGlnPro245250255GluSerSerPheLysM etSerPheLysArgGluThrLysValLeuLys260265270ThrLeuSerValIleMetGlyValPheValCysCysTrpLeuProPhe275 280285PheIleLeuAsnCysIleLeuProPheCysGlySerGlyGluThrGln290295300ProPheCysIleAspSerAsnThrPh eAspValPheValTrpPheGly305310315320TrpAlaAsnSerSerLeuAsnProIleIleTyrAlaPheAsnAlaAsp325 330335PheArgLysAlaPheSerThrLeuLeuGlyCysTyrArgLeuCysPro340345350AlaThrAsnAsnAlaIle GluThrValSerIleAsnAsnAsnGlyAla355360365AlaMetPheSerSerHisHisGluProArgGlySerIleSerLysGlu370 375380CysAsnLeuValTyrLeuIleProHisAlaValGlySerSerGluAsp385390395400LeuLysLysGluGluAlaAla GlyIleAlaArgProLeuGluLysLeu405410415SerProAlaLeuSerValIleLeuAspTyrAspThrAspValSerLeu420 425430GluLysIleGlnProIleThrGlnAsnGlyGlnHisProThr435440445(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 446 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22:MetAlaProAsnThrSerThrMetAspGluAlaGlyLeuProAlaGlu1510 15ArgAspPheSerPheArgIleLeuThrAlaCysPheLeuSerLeuLeu202530IleLeuSerThrLeuLeuGlyAsnThrLeuValCys AlaAlaValIle354045ArgPheArgHisLeuArgSerLysValThrAsnPhePheValIleSer505560 LeuAlaValSerAspLeuLeuValAlaValLeuValMetProTrpLys65707580AlaValAlaGluIleAlaGlyPheTrpProPheGlySerPhe CysAsn859095IleTrpValAlaPheAspIleMetCysSerThrAlaSerIleLeuAsn100105 110LeuCysValIleSerValAspArgTyrTrpAlaIleSerSerProPhe115120125GlnTyrGluArgLysMetThrProLysAlaAlaPheIleLeuI leSer130135140ValAlaTrpThrLeuSerValLeuIleSerPheIleProValGlnLeu14515015516 0SerTrpHisLysAlaLysProThrTrpProLeuAspGlyAsnPheThr165170175SerLeuGluAspThrGluAspAspAsnCysAspThrArgLe uSerArg180185190ThrTyrAlaIleSerSerSerLeuIleSerPheTyrIleProValAla195200205IleMetIleValThrTyrThrSerIleTyrArgIleAlaGlnLeuGln210215220IleArgArgIleSerAlaLeuGluArgAlaAlaValHisAlaLysAsn 225230235240CysGlnThrThrAlaGlyAsnGlyAsnProValGluCysAlaGlnSer245250 255GluSerSerPheLysMetSerPheLysArgGluThrLysValLeuLys260265270ThrLeuSerValIleMetGlyValPheValCysCysTrpLeu ProPhe275280285PheIleSerAsnCysMetValProPheCysGlySerGluGluThrGln290295300Pr oPheCysIleAspSerIleThrPheAspValPheValTrpPheGly305310315320TrpAlaAsnSerSerLeuAsnProIleIleTyrAlaPheAsnAlaA sp325330335PheGlnLysAlaPheSerThrLeuLeuGlyCysTyrArgLeuCysPro34034535 0ThrThrAsnAsnAlaIleGluThrValSerIleAsnAsnAsnGlyAla355360365ValValPheSerSerHisHisGluProArgGlySerIleSerLysAs p370375380CysAsnLeuValTyrLeuIleProHisAlaValGlySerSerGluAsp385390395400 LeuLysLysGluGluAlaGlyGlyIleAlaLysProLeuGluLysLeu405410415SerProAlaLeuSerValIleLeuAspTyrAspThrAspValSer Leu420425430GluLysIleGlnProValThrHisSerGlyGlnHisSerThr435440445 ______________________________________Dopamine Receptor Drug Dissociation Constants D.sub.2 (long) D.sub.2 K.sub.i K.sub.i D.sub.4 K.sub.i D.sub.4 K.sub.i______________________________________Dopamine AntagonistsButaclamol-(+) 0.9 H 36 0.03Chlorpromazine 2.8 R 23 0.12Chlorpromazine 1.5 H 23 0.07Clozapine .about.130 T 11 11.8Clozapine 56 R 11 5.1Clozapine 158 H 11 15.3Eticlopride 0.09 T 0.52 0.17Fluphenazine 0.5 T 42 0.01Haloperidol 0.5 R 4.5 0.11Haloperidol 0.8 R 4.5 0.18Haloperidol 1 H 4.5 0.22Ketanserin 192 T 147 1.31Octoclothepin-S 1.5 T 0.8 1.58Octoclothepin-R 13.5 T 1.9 7.11Pimozide 2.4 R 25 0.1Raclopride 1.8 R 253 0.01Raclopride 1.6 H 253 0.01*Raclopride 3.2 H 253 0.01Remoxipride .about.300 T 2730 0.11SCH 23390 913 H 1960 0.47Spiperone 0.069 R 0.06 1.15Spiperone 0.053 H 0.06 0.88*Spiperone 0.05 H 0.06 0.83*Spiperone 0.09 H 0.06 1.5Sulpiride-S 9.2 R 63 0.02Sulpiride-S 4.8 R 63 0.08Sulpiride-S 46 H 63 0.73Sulpiride-S 15.9 H 63 0.25Thioproperazine 0.21 R 53 0.004Thioridazine 3.3 H 12 0.28Trifluoperazine 1.2 T 2.2 0.55YM-09151-2 0.06 T 0.11 0.55*YM-09151-2 0.09 H 0.11 0.82Dopamine AgonistsADTN-(.+-.) 1.7 T 33.7Apomorphine .about.2 T 3.3Apomorphine 24 RBromocriptine 5.3 R 128Bromocriptine 14 HDopamine 7.5 T 18.6Dopamine 2.8 RDopamine 474 RDopamine + G 1705 R 49Ergocriptine-S 0.4 T 55Fencidopam 2.8 T 420N-0437 0.7 T 93(-) Noradrenaline .about.6,000 T .about.6,000NPA 0.4 T 5.5PHNO-(+) 1.2 T 42Quinpirole(.+-.) 576 RQuinpirole(-) 4.8 T 17Serotonin .about.10,000 T .about.8,000SKF-38393 157 T 1600SKF-38393 9560 R______________________________________ * = [.sup.3 H]-labeled; T = tissue homogenate; R = rat D.sub.2 ; H = huma D.sub.2

Claims

1. An isolated and purified nucleic acid having a nucleotide residue sequence which encodes human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor where said human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor has an amino acid residue sequence of SEQ ID No: 17 as set forth in FIG. 3.

2. A recombinant expression for comprising the nucleic acid of claim 1 wherein the vector expresses the human D.sub.4 dopamine receptor in a transformed eukaryotic cell culture.

3. A eukaryotic cell culture transformed with the expression vector of claim 1, wherein the transformed eukaryotic cell culture expresses the human dopamine receptor D.sub.4.