Drenching showerhead

Abstract

A showerhead with multiple modes of operation may include a first turbine and a second turbine, each disposed within a unique flow channel. The first and second turbines may interrupt water flow through their respective flow channels, thereby providing at least one pulsating water spray emanating from the showerhead. The showerhead may include a third flow channel having no turbine disposed therein, such that water flowing through the third flow channel is not interrupted and thus emitted from the showerhead as a drenching spray.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to showerheads, and more specifically to a showerhead having pulsating spray and drenching modes of operation.

2. Background Art

Generally, showerheads are used to direct water from the home water supply onto a user for personal hygiene purposes. Showers are an alternative to bathing in a bathtub.

In the past, bathing was the overwhelmingly popular choice for personal cleansing. However, in recent years showers have become increasingly popular for several reasons. First, showers generally take less time than baths. Second, showers generally use significantly less water than baths. Third, shower stalls and bathtubs with showerheads are typically easier to maintain. For example, over time, showers tend to cause less soap scum build-up.

With the increase in popularity of showers has come an increase in showerhead designs and showerhead manufacturers. Many showerheads, for example, may emit pulsating streams of water in a so-called “massage” mode. Yet others are referred to as “drenching” showerheads, since they have relatively large faceplates and emit water in a steady, soft spray pattern.

However, over time, several shortcomings with existing showerhead designs have been identified. For example, many showerheads fail to provide a sufficiently powerful, directed, or pleasing massage. Yet other showerheads have a relatively small face, yielding a small spray pattern.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an improved showerhead design.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Generally, one embodiment of the present invention takes the form of a showerhead having both pulsating spray and drenching operational modes. Water may flow through an inlet, into a pivot ball, through a pivot ball mount and into a housing, be directed into a side passage formed through the housing, into a flow hole defined in a backplate cap (channeling water from a rear to a front of the backplate cap), be received in one of multiple flow channels defined by the combination of backplate cap front and backplate rear, through a turbine nozzle or internal nozzle into further flow channels defined by the backplate front and frontplate rear, and ultimately through one or more nozzles formed on the front of the frontplate.

Several flow channels described herein may house a turbine. Water flowing into a flow channel housing a turbine typically impacts one or more blades of the turbine, causing the turbine to rotate or spin in the channel. Each turbine generally has a shield or flange extending radially inwardly from the turbine's sidewall. As the turbine spins, this shield temporarily blocks flow holes defined in the appropriate flow channel. such blockage momentarily interrupts water flow to the nozzles ultimate fed by the channel, creating a pulsating spray mode from those nozzles.

Some nozzles may be received in a nozzle web, while others are not. The nozzle web typically takes the forms of a series of soft nozzle sheaths interconnected by soft web members. The nozzle sheaths yield a soft external texture to those nozzles encased therein.

The nozzle configuration, channel configurations, and turbine rotation speeds generally create a relatively soft, intermittent water spray. This spray emulates the speed, impact, and appearance of natural rainfall.

Another embodiment of the present invention may take the form of an engine for directing a water flow, including an inlet, a first flow channel fluidly connected to the inlet, a second flow channel fluidly connected to the inlet, a first flow interruptor operatively connected to the first flow channel, and a second flow interruptor operatively connected to the second flow channel.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention may take the form of a showerhead, including an inlet, a flow channel fluidly connected to the inlet, at least one aperture defined in the flow channel, a flow interruptor positioned within the flow channel, and a lifting device operatively connected to the flow interruptor and operative to assume at least a first and second operational mode, wherein the flow interruptor at least intermittently blocks a water flow from passing through the at least one aperture when the lifting device assumes the first operational mode, and the flow interruptor does not block the water flow from passing through the at least one aperture when the lifting device assumes the second operational mode.

These and other advantages and improvements of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this document in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts an exploded view of an engine assembly in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2A depicts an isometric view of the engine assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2B depicts a second isometric view of engine assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 depicts a cross-sectional view of a nozzle plate, channel plate, and turbine for use with the engine assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional view of the engine assembly of FIG. 3 in a non-pulsating configuration.

FIG. 5A depicts a cross-sectional view of the engine assembly of FIG. 3 in a pulsating configuration.

FIG. 5B depicts a cross-sectional view of a turbine and piston arrangement with the turbine in a lowered position.

FIG. 5C depicts a cross-sectional view of the turbine and piston arrangement of FIG. 5B with the turbine in a raised position.

FIG. 6 depicts an exploded view of a showerhead forming a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts a first cross-sectional view of the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 depicts a second cross-sectional view of the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 depicts a third cross-sectional view of the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 10 depicts a fourth cross-sectional view of the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 11A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a pivot ball mount for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 11B depicts a plan view of the rear of a pivot ball mount for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 12A depicts a perspective view of the front of the pivot ball mount of FIG. 11A.

FIG. 12B depicts a plan view of the front of the pivot ball mount of FIG. 11A.

FIG. 13A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a housing for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 13B depicts a plan view of the rear of a housing for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 14A depicts a perspective view of the front of the housing of FIG. 13A.

FIG. 14B depicts a plan view of the front of the housing of FIG. 13B.

FIG. 15A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a backplate cap for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 15B depicts a plan view of the rear of a backplate cap for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 16A depicts a perspective view of the front of the backplate cap of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 16B depicts a plan view of the front of the backplate cap of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 17A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a first turbine for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 17B depicts a plan view of the top of the turbine of FIG. 17B.

FIG. 17C depicts an exemplary turbine that may be used in various embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 18A depicts a perspective view of the front of the first turbine of FIG. 17.

FIG. 18B depicts a plan view of the front of the first turbine of FIG. 17.

FIG. 19A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a backplate for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 19B depicts a plan view of the rear of a backplate for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 20A depicts a perspective view of the front of the backplate of FIG. 19A.

FIG. 20B depicts a plan view of the front of the backplate of FIG. 19A.

FIG. 21A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a second turbine for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 21B depicts a plan view of the rear of a second turbine for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 22A depicts a perspective view of the front of the second turbine of FIG. 21A.

FIG. 22B depicts a plan view of the front of the second turbine of FIG. 21A.

FIG. 23A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a frontplate for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 23B depicts a plan view of the rear of a frontplate for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 24A depicts a perspective view of the front of the frontplate of FIG. 23A.

FIG. 24B depicts a plan view of the front of the frontplate of FIG. 23A.

FIG. 25A depicts a perspective view of a mode ring for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 25B depicts a plan view of a mode ring for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 26A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a nozzle web for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 26B depicts a plan view of the rear of a nozzle web for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 27A depicts a perspective view of the front of the nozzle web of FIG. 26A.

FIG. 27B depicts a plan view of the front of the nozzle web of FIG. 26A.

FIG. 28A depicts a perspective view of the rear of a faceplate for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 28B depicts a perspective view of the rear of a faceplate for use in the showerhead of FIG. 6.

FIG. 29A depicts a perspective view of the front of the faceplate shown in FIG. 28A.

FIG. 29B depicts a perspective view of the front of the faceplate shown in FIG. 28A.

FIG. 30 depicts a perspective view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 31 depicts a front view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 32 depicts a rear view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 33 depicts a right side view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 34 depicts a left side view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 35 depicts a top view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 36 depicts a bottom view of the second embodiment of the showerhead.

FIG. 37A depicts a plan view of the interior of a base cone.

FIG. 37B depicts a plan view of the exterior of the base cone of FIG. 35.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

1. Overview

Generally, one embodiment of the present invention takes the form of a showerhead having at least two modes of operation namely, a drenching mode, and a rainfall (or pulsating) mode. When operating in drenching mode, water emanates from all nozzles of the showerhead in a relatively continuous fashion (as a specific set of nozzles). It should be noted that “continuous,” as used herein and in this context, may refer to both a regular streaming of water droplets from a nozzle and a steady discharge. By contrast and when operating in rainfall mode, water flow through the nozzles is temporarily interrupted, thus causing intermittent water discharge. This intermittent flow pulses water through the nozzles while backpressure within the showerhead increases the discharge force. Together, the increased pressure and intermittent flow may create a massaging effect when a user is impacted by the water.

Typically, a turbine is used to interrupt water flow and create the massaging effect just described. The blades of the turbine prevent water from flowing through nozzles by blocking the nozzle interior as the blades pass over the nozzles. Water pressure turns the turbine, ensuring each nozzle is blocked only momentarily. A turbine is one example of a flow interruptor; alternative flow interruptors, as known to those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used in alternative embodiments of the invention described herein.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a lever changes the showerhead's operational mode. Moving the lever (or, in alternate embodiments, pressing a button, turning a knob or screw, or so forth) raises or lowers a pair of pins, which in turn raises or lowers the turbine. When the turbine is raised, the blades do not block water flow through the nozzles and the showerhead operates in drenching mode. When the turbine is lowered, the blades may intermittently block the nozzles and the showerhead operates in pulsed mode.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the operational mode of the showerhead may be varied by turning, rotating, or otherwise manipulating a mode selector, such as a mode ring or knob. The mode ring may encircle the showerhead. Rotating the mode ring may divert water from a first flow channel to a second flow channel, or alternatively may divert water to flow into both the first and second flow channels. It should be noted that that more than two flow channels may exist, and that a variety of combinations of water flow through multiple flow channels is embraced by the embodiment.

In this embodiment, a first turbine may be placed in the first flow channel and a second turbine in the second flow channel. The turbines may be of different diameters and/or sizes, and thus may rotate at different speeds. The first and second turbines may generally act to intermittently block water flow through one or more sets of nozzles. Each set of nozzles is generally associated with either the first or second flow channels; certain nozzle sets may be associated with both flow channels (or with other flow channels mentioned above). Further, one or both turbines may optionally be raised or lowered as described above to eliminate or permit this intermittent blockage of nozzles.

2. Water Flow

FIG. 1 depicts an exploded view of a showerhead interior assembly. The assembly of the present embodiment generally consists of at least a retainer plate 100, actuator plate 110, inlet plate 120, one or more control rods 130, turbine ring 140, seal 150, turbine 160, channel plate 170, and nozzle plate 180. Multiple screws, bolts, or fasteners 190 may be used to attach the various elements to one another.

Turning to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the showerhead interior assembly (“engine”) 200 is shown in an assembled state. The engine 200 is typically placed within a housing 210 (one exemplary housing is shown to best effect in FIGS. 33-36). The housing shape may vary in alternative embodiments.

The inlet 220 generally extends beyond the housing 210 and is threaded to be received onto (or into) a shower pipe, flexible arm, hose connector, arm assembly, or other device for conveying water to the showerhead. Water flows into and through the inlet 220 from the water source, along the inlet passage 230 connected to the inlet, and through a hole defined in the base of the inlet passage. This hole conveys water from a top side of the inlet plate 240 (on which the inlet passage is at least partially defined) to the base side of the inlet plate 240 and, consequently, the top side of the turbine ring 140.

Referring to FIG. 1, the turbine ring 140 includes an annular channel 270 formed inside ring's circumference, on the top side. Disposed within the annular channel are one or more jets 280. In the present embodiment, five jets are used. Each jet extends through the surface of the turbine ring 140, creating a path for water to flow from the turbine ring top side to the turbine ring base side. Further, the jets 280 are angled in such a manner to impart a counterclockwise flow to water passing through them. (It should be noted alternate embodiments may impart a clockwise flow to water passing through the jets.) The jets may also be shrouded to increase flow speed. Alternative embodiments may vary the number of jets 280 employed.

As water passes through the jets 280, it impacts one or more blades 290 of the turbine 160 situated in a turbine cavity 300 (as shown in FIG. 3) formed by the base side of the turbine ring 140 and a turbine receptacle 310 formed on the top side of the channel plate 170. The turbine is mounted within this cavity and may rotate freely therein. One or more seals 150 may be also disposed within the cavity. In the present embodiment, a first seal surrounds the exterior of the turbine 160 and a second is disposed within the turbine. It should be noted neither seal restricts the turbine's rotational capability in any way. In other embodiments, the turbine ring 140 and channel plate 170 may be welded, heat sealed, adhesively bonded, or otherwise affixed to one another with a watertight connection and the seals 150 may be omitted.

Water impacting the turbine blades 290 imparts rotational motion to the turbine 160. In the present embodiment, the turbine rotates in a counterclockwise fashion. As shown in FIG. 1, the turbine generally takes the form of a hollow, open-ended cylinder with vanes 290 projecting outwardly from its sidewall. Some of these vanes are formed on one or more relatively thin blocking segments, or shield 320, extending perpendicularly to the vane body and from the turbine base. (One exemplary embodiment of a turbine having a shield 320 is shown in FIG. 17C; alternative embodiments may use differently-shaped shields.) The shield 320 may extend along a segment of the turbine encompassing multiple vanes, as shown in FIG. 17B. As the turbine spins, the one or more blocking segments 320 pass sequentially over nozzle flow apertures 330 formed in the channel plate 170 (as shown in FIG. 3). Each nozzle flow aperture passes through the channel plate 170, permitting water to flow from the top of the channel plate to the bottom.

When a shield 320 covers or obstructs a nozzle flow aperture 330, water is blocked from entering the flow path. Accordingly, water cannot enter the nozzle channels 340 (discussed below) and pass through the nozzles 350. Thus, for the period of time a nozzle channel is covered by a blocking segment 310, water does not emanate from the nozzles fluidly connected to the nozzle channel. Since the turbine 160 generally spins, each nozzle channel is only momentarily blocked. This creates the pulsating effect discussed above.

Alternately and as discussed in more detail below, the turbine 60 may be raised into the cavity, such that a void space exists between the blocking segments and flow channels. When this occurs, the turbine continues to spin, but water may flow around the side of the turbine and into the nozzle flow apertures 330 via the void space. Thus, the momentary blocking effect of the turbine 100 may be negated. Thus, while the turbine is raised, turbine motion does not impair water flow through the nozzles and the drenching mode is active. In some embodiments, turbine motion may cease (i.e., the turbine may stall) when raised.

Referring to FIG. 3 and continuing the description of the water flow path through the showerhead, water moves from the nozzle flow apertures 330 into one or more nozzle channels 340. In the present embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 3, multiple nozzles 350 may be associated with a single nozzle channel. Similarly, one or more nozzle channels may be associated with a single nozzle flow aperture. Each nozzle channel 340 is formed by a mating pair of raised surfaces. A first raised surface is formed on the base side of the channel plate 170, and a matching raised surface is formed on the top side of the nozzle plate 180 (see, e.g., FIG. 1).

As also shown in FIG. 3, the blocking segment 320 of each turbine 160 occasionally restricts water flow through the nozzle flow aperture 330 and thus into the nozzle flow channels 340. Typically, when one nozzle flow aperture is shut off in this fashion, the nozzle flow aperture diametrically opposed is open. Thus, when the showerhead operates in rainfall mode, water flow may seem to alternate between nozzles 350 or move in a rotating pattern. It should be noted that the blocking segments 320 may be configured such that diametrically opposed nozzle flow apertures 330 are each blocked or each open in alternative embodiments. Alternate embodiments may employ a turbine 160 having a varying number of blocking segments or shields 320, ranging from a single shield to two, three, four, or more.

3. Operational Modes

As previously mentioned, the present embodiment generally operates in either a rainfall mode or drenching mode. In rainfall mode, water flow through the nozzles 350 is intermittent, creating a pulsating effect similar to rain. In drenching mode, water flow through the nozzles is substantially constant (although such flow may break into individual droplets when exiting the nozzles).

In the present embodiment, the operational mode may be changed from drenching to rainfall, or vice versa, by rotating a knob 360 projecting outwardly from the showerhead. The knob is affixed to or formed integrally with the actuator plate 110, as shown in the exploded view of FIG. 1.

The actuator plate 110 is held between the retainer plate 100 and the inlet plate 120 by screws, bolts, or other fasteners 190. Generally speaking, the actuator plate is firmly secured, but may still rotate about the inlet 220. The center of the actuator plate is hollow to accommodate the inlet.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a pair of control ramps 370 are formed on the top side of the actuator plate. One control rod 130 passes at least partially through an arcuate slot 380 formed in the middle of each control ramp. Each control rod is formed with a head portion 390, a neck 400, and a body 410 (as shown in FIG. 1). The body may include a stop ring 420, such as a gasket or other seal, at the portion abutting the neck. Typically, the neck is smaller in diameter than any of the head, body, or stop ring. When the engine 200 is fully assembled, the head 390 of each control rod 130 projects at least slightly above the surface of the respective control ramp 370. The control rods 130 extend through the inlet plate 120 and turbine ring 140 to the base of the turbine (not shown). Projections or flanges 430 (shown in FIG. 1) extending outwardly from the base of the control rods 130 seat beneath the lower surface of the turbine. This assembly, along with the knob, may be referred to as a “lifting device.”

As the knob 360 rotates, the actuator plate 110 also rotates. The plate's rotational motion forces the control rods 130 along the control ramps 370 in either an up or down fashion, depending on the direction of rotation. In other words, the actuator plate's rotational motion is converted into a linear motion of the control rods by means of the control ramps. As the control rods rise, the flanges 430 engage the turbine base, raising the turbine 160. Similarly, as the control rods 130 lower, the turbine is lowered.

When the knob 360 is turned clockwise in the present invention, the control rods 130 and turbine 160 are raised and the engine 200 is in drenching mode. By contrast, when the knob is turned counterclockwise, the control rods and turbine lower, placing the engine in pulsating or rainfall mode. FIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional view of the engine 200 with the knob 360 rotated clockwise, the control rods 130 and turbine 160 raised, and the engine in drenching mode. Similarly, FIG. 5A depicts a cross-sectional view of the engine 200 with the knob 360 rotated counterclockwise, the control rods 130 lowered and turbine 160 engaging the cavity 300 base, and the engine in pulsating mode. As shown in FIG. 5A, the base of the control rods and the flanges 430, when lowered, generally seat in a depression formed in the channel plate 170 so as not to interfere with the turbine's rotation. Alternative embodiments may vary the direction in which the knob is moved to raise or seat the turbine (clockwise vs. counterclockwise, in or out, up or down, etc.).

Referring to FIG. 4, when the embodiment operates in drenching mode, the turbine 160 is raised from the turbine cavity base. Water may flow about the turbine sides and freely into nozzle channels 330 defined in the turbine cavity base. Since the turbine is raised, water typically does not impact the blades 290 and the turbine stalls. (In some embodiments, although the turbine 160 is raised, water flowing into the turbine ring 140 through the jets 280 may nonetheless impact the turbine blades and cause the turbine to spin.) Further, since the turbine shield 320 is raised from the base of the cavity 300, the shield 320 does not prevent water from entering the nozzle channels defined in the base.

When the embodiment operates in pulsating mode, the turbine 160 is lowered until at least the shield 320 contacts (or nearly contacts) the base of the turbine ring. In this mode, as previously mentioned, the rotational motion of the turbine causes the turbine blocking element or shield to momentarily preclude water flow from the turbine cavity 300 through the nozzle channels 340, and ultimately to the nozzles 350. This interruption occurs sequentially between groups of nozzles as the shield(s) rotate(s) over nozzle channels. Thus, a user of the present embodiment perceives the flow interruption as a pulsating spray exiting the showerhead.

Generally, the inlet 220 and inlet passage 230 are formed contiguously with the inlet plate 120. In some embodiments, the inlet and/or inlet passage may be separately formed and affixed to the inlet plate. Since the inlet 220 is part of the inlet plate 120, the inlet plate is the first element through which water passes. In the present embodiment, four screw holes project outwardly from the circumference of the inlet plate. Screws 190 are received in these holes to affix the retainer 100 and inlet plates 120 to one another, securing the actuator plate 110 therebetween. Additionally, two control rod apertures are formed in the body of the inlet plate. The aforementioned control rods 130 pass through these apertures to ultimately contact the turbine 160.

Alternate embodiments of the present invention may employ a hydraulic system 440 to raise or lower the turbine 160, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C. In such an embodiment, the ramp and control rod structure may be omitted.

FIG. 5B depicts a partial cross-section of the turbine ring 140 and an associated piston 450 seated within a piston chamber 460. As the knob 360 and actuator plate 110 turn, water may be channeled through an associated passage (not shown) to enter the piston chamber through the passage marked “P1” on FIG. 5B (in some embodiments, the knob and/or actuator plate may be replaced with a mode ring, as discussed below). The passage marked “P2” generally communicates with a lower-pressure segment of the showerhead (or with the atmosphere), permitting the water pressure to drive the piston 450 downward. Water flow thus drives the piston downward, permitting the turbine 160 to spin in the turbine chamber. Water driving the turbine flows into the turbine channel through passage P3 and outward through the base of the turbine channel, as generally described above. Thus, the turbine pulses water flow to the nozzles as previously described.

By contrast, FIG. 5C depicts the turbine 160 in a stalled or raised mode. Here, the knob (not shown) is turned to channel water through passage P2 while passage P1 communicates with the lower-pressure portion of the showerhead (or atmosphere). (Turning the knob 360 and/or actuator plate 110 may change which passage P1, P2 communicates with atmosphere or a non-pressure portion, and which passage communicates with water.) Thus, the piston 450 is driven upward, resulting in a piston flange 470 engaging the turbine base. The piston flange 470 raises the turbine 160 as the piston 450 rises, permitting water to flow about the turbine sides and outwardly through the nozzle. This corresponds to the drenching mode previously mentioned.

4. Second Embodiment

FIGS. 6-37 depict a second embodiment of a drenching showerhead 505. FIG. 6 depicts the showerhead in an exploded view, such that various internal elements of the showerhead may be seen from rear to front. This embodiment of a drenching showerhead 505 includes a filter screen 500, a flow regulator 510, pivot ball 520, base cone 530, o-ring 540, pivot ball mount 550, second o-ring 560, pivot ball housing 570, spring 580, cup seal 590, assorted screws 600, plunger 610, seal 620, third o-ring 630, mode ring 640, backplate cap 650, turbine 660, backplate 670, second turbine 680, frontplate 690, nozzle web 700 and faceplate 710.

FIGS. 7-10 depict various cross-sectional views of the present showerhead 505. Each cross-sectional view is taken along a different plane intersecting the showerhead. FIGS. 7-10 generally depict the inner connections and relative positioning of the various portions of the showerhead listed with respect to FIG. 6.

For example, and with particular respect to FIG. 7, it may be seen that the filter screen 500 nests within the pivot ball 520. The pivot ball is internally threaded at one end (the “rear” end) to mate with a shower pipe or other water source. The opposing (“front”) end of the pivot ball 520 is received in the rear end of the pivot ball mount 550. An o-ring seal 540 facilitates a snug connection between pivot ball and pivot ball mount. The pivot ball mount 540 is attached to the housing 570 and the backplate cap 650 by a threaded screw. The threaded screw passes through a threaded hole in the pivot ball mount 550 and into a similarly sized threaded hole in the backplate cap 650. The pivot ball mount 550 further includes three protruding legs 720 (shown in better detail in FIGS. 11A, 11B, 12A and 12B). Each of these legs has a screw hole defined at the base thereof. A screw passes through each screw hole, securing the pivot ball mount to the rear of the backplate 670. As shown to best effect in FIG. 19, the backplate includes a plurality of threaded holes formed therein to receive the screws passing through the legs 720 of the pivot ball mount 550.

Still with respect to FIG. 7, the backplate cap 650 is in turn affixed to the backplate 670. More specifically, the front of the backplate cap adjoins the rear of the backplate. A hollow, annular ring 730 is formed by recesses on the front side of the backplate cap 650 and the rear side of the backplate 670. A first turbine 660 sits in this annular turbine recess 730. The function of the turbine will be discussed in further detail below.

The front side of the backplate 670 defines a second annular, or backplate, channel. The front side of the backplate mates with or is otherwise affixed to the rear side of the frontplate 690. A frontplate annular ring 740 (or simply a frontplate ring) is defined on the rear surface of the frontplate. A second turbine 680 is received within this frontplate ring 740. The second turbine may be, but is not necessarily, concentric with the first turbine about a longitudinal axis of the showerhead.

Relatively hard, plastic nozzles 750 are formed on the front side of the frontplate. These nozzles are received within a nozzle web 700 made of a soft or rubber-like material. Generally, the nozzle web takes the form of a series of flexible nozzle sheaths 760 interconnected by a series of flexible members 770 (as shown to best effect in FIGS. 26A, 26B, 27A and 27B). Unlike the frontplate 690, for example, the nozzle web is flexible and includes spaces between the flexible members. In other words, the nozzle web typically consists entirely of the flexible nozzle sheaths and members. This rubber-like material is generally softer and more flexible than the plastic nozzles. In some embodiments, the nozzles 750 may extend into the cavities 760 formed in the nozzle web 700 such that the ends of the nozzle are flush with the ends of the outer rubber nozzle sheaths formed in the nozzle web. In alternate embodiments, a space or gap may exist between the end of the nozzles formed on the front of the faceplate and the end of the corresponding nozzle sheath formed on the nozzle web.

The nozzles 750 are received in the various nozzle sheaths 760. Typically, each nozzle is fitted into a single nozzle sheath. The nozzles protrude through holes extending through the faceplate 710. The faceplate is shown to best effect in FIGS. 28A, 28B, 29A and 29B.

The faceplate 710 is affixed to a base cone 530. The base cone provides an outer housing for the various elements described herein, with the exception of the inlet 500, mode ring 640, and the faceplate. All other elements are typically covered by the base cone 530. In the present embodiment, the base cone is generally a frustoconical in shape, with an outward angle from the inlet 500 to the faceplate 710. Alternate embodiments may employ different shapes for the base cone. For example, the side walls of the base cone 530 may be angled outwardly instead of inwardly, maybe straight, or may take a more rounded than frustoconical shape.

The flow of water through the showerhead and the function of each element within the showerhead will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 11A-29B. FIGS. 11A and 12A depict rear and front views, respectively, of the pivot ball mount 550. A neck 780 extends rearwardly from the body of the pivot ball mount, while all three legs 720 extend forwardly therefrom. An arcuate portion 785 connects two of the three legs. At least a portion of the neck exterior is threaded in the present embodiment in order to engage a similar thread or portion of the base cone 530. This threaded connection between pivot body and base cone is shown to best effect in FIGS. 7-10. As previously mentioned, the pivot body neck 780 receives a front end of the pivot ball 520. The pivot ball connects to a shower inlet pipe or other water source and transmits water from the water source to the neck interior. Water passes from the neck interior to the front of the pivot ball mount by means of radial channels 790 extending through the pivot ball body from the neck interior to the pivot ball front. These radial channels are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. As also previously mentioned, each of the legs 720 includes a foot having a hole defined therein for receiving a screw. The screw connects the pivot ball mount 550 to the backplate cap 650.

As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, a circular raised segment, or dais 800, is formed on the front of the pivot ball mount 550. Formed on the dais is a circular projection having a hexagonally-shaped cross-sectional interior 810. The hexagonally-shaped interior accepts the hexagonal protrusion 820 projecting from the backplate cap rear, shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B. A screw hole is formed in the pivot ball mount body and another is formed in the backplate cap's hexagonal projection to allow these two pieces to be mated by a single screw.

With reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B, the pivot ball mount dais 800 is received in an annular ring 825 defined on the rear of the housing 570. The housing rear is shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. As shown to best effect in FIG. 13A, the housing annular ring 825 includes a shoulder 835 formed therein against which the dais rests when the showerhead is assembled. Further, the depth of the housing annular ring is such that the circular projection extending from the pivot ball mount body 550 is fully accepted within the housing annular ring.

Continuing with the description of water flow through the showerhead, water exiting the radial channels 790 of the pivot ball mount 800 flows into the housing annular ring 825. The hole in the center of the housing annular ring 825 typically is completely blocked by the circular projection 795 of the pivot ball mount. However, a side channel 830 is formed in the rear housing. Thus, water flows from the housing annular ring 825, into the side channel 830, and to the housing 570 front. The side channel includes a hole or tunnel 840 passing through the housing 570 to permit such flow. This tunnel 840 is shown to best effect in FIGS. 14A and 14B.

It should be noted the housing 570 further includes a radially-extending protrusion 850 emanating from the housing body. This protrusion 850 interacts with the mode ring (described later) to change the pulsating operational mode of the showerhead. Such changes to the showerhead operation are described in more detail below.

FIGS. 15A and 16A depict a backplate cap rear and front, respectively. The backplate cap 650 is sized such that it fits within the cup shape of the housing 570 front. In addition to the hexagonal protrusion 820, a circular wall 860 is formed on the backplate rear. This circular wall is generally formed slightly inwardly from the backplate cap's outer edge. The circular wall 860 surrounds not only the hexagonal protrusion 820, but also four flow holes 870 passing through the backplate cap 650. These flow holes are marked A, B, C, and D for reference. The circular backplate wall abuts a similar wall formed on the front of the housing 570 (called the front housing wall 845) when the showerhead is fully assembled. The combination of backplate and front housing walls 860, 845 forms a watertight seal between the housing front and backplate cap rear, ensuring that any water passing through the side passage 830 of the housing is forced through at least one of the four holes A-D defined in the backplate cap rear.

FIGS. 16A and 16B depict the backplate cap front. As shown, the backplate cap front is generally divided into three concentric areas 1060. The second, or middle, concentric area is further divided into four segments. Each segment corresponds to one of the previously mentioned holes A-D. The various segments channel water flowing through one of the holes A, B, C, D to different portions of the backplate rear. Water flowing through one of the flow holes A, B, C, D passes through the backplate cap 650 and into one of four channels 880 defined by the backplate cap front and backplate rear. These channels 880 are shown on FIGS. 19A and 19B, and marked A′, B′, C′, D′. Each lettered channel corresponds to the similarly lettered flow hole 870. That is, water passing through flow hole A enters channel A′, water flowing through flow hole B enters channel B′, and so forth. Thus, water flowing through holes C and D pass directly into flow channels C′ and D′. Water flowing through flow channel B′ generally passes into a circular flow channel defined about the center of the backplate rear. Flow channel A′ is a circular channel generally surrounding flow channel B′. Three curved passages 1070 radiate outwardly from flow channel A′ to an outer circular turbine channel. This turbine channel has multiple holes 910 defined within its base.

A first turbine 660 sits within the turbine channel 920 formed on the backplate rear. This first turbine 660 is shown generally in FIGS. 17A and 18A, which depict the rear and front of the turbine respectively. Multiple blades 890 extend radially inwardly from the circular turbine wall. Two flanges 900 are formed on the turbine at diametrically opposite positions. Alternate embodiments may employ a varying number of flanges or shields 900, or may employ a single flange. Similarly, alternate embodiments may position the shields at varying positions around the turbine circumference, including with uneven spacing therebetween.

The flanges 900 extend inwardly and slightly downwardly from the turbine ring 1080, as shown to best effect in FIGS. 18A and 18B. The flanges and front of the turbine sit within the turbine channel 920 atop the backplate rear. In such an orientation, the rear of the turbine 660 faces the front of the backplate cap 650. The front of the backplate cap defines a turbine channel top 1090 (as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B). The turbine channel top is also the aforementioned outermost concentric channel 1060 of the backplate cap 650 front. The outermost wall of the backplate cap 650 front abuts the wall of the turbine channel defined on the backplate rear, creating a watertight seal and ensuring water entering the turbine channel 920 does not spill over onto to the rest of the backplate rear.

As water exits the radial channels 790 emanating outwardly from flow channel A′, it impacts one or more of the turbine blades 890 shown in FIGS. 17A, 17B, 18A and 18B. (FIG. 17C depicts an alternative embodiment of a turbine that may be used to replace one or more turbines described herein in alternative embodiments.) This causes the turbine 660 to spin in a clockwise direction with respect to the view shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B. As the turbine spins, the flanges 900 periodically overlap the turbine holes 910 defined in the base of the turbine channel 920. The turbine holes 910 permit water flow from the backplate rear to the backplate front. As shown on FIG. 20A, each turbine hole 910 generally permits water passage into a generally u- or v-shaped channel 940.

Thus, as the turbine 660 spins, water is periodically prevented from flowing through one or more turbine holes 910 by each flange 900. Since the flange spins about the turbine channel 920 with the turbine, water flow through the turbine holes is prevented sequentially. This, in turn, prevents water flow into the v-shaped channels 940 formed on the front of the backplate 650. Ultimately, these v-shaped channels feed one or more nozzles 750. Thus, as the turbine 660 spins, water flow to each of the specific nozzles 750 fed by the v-shaped channel associated with each turbine hole pauses, creating a pulsing water flow.

A series of detent holes 950 may also be seen in FIGS. 19A and 19B. These detent holes are described more fully below with respect to FIG. 25A.

Water entering flow channel B′ is directed along a circular flow path 1120 defined in the middle of the backplate 670 rear, shown to best effect in FIGS. 19A and 19B. Formed in the bottom of flow channel B are three nozzles 960, N₁, N₂, and N₃. These nozzles 960 permit water to flow from the backplate rear to the backplate front, shown on FIGS. 20A and 20B. Further, the nozzles 960 impart directional flow to water passing therethrough. In the present embodiment, water flows in a clockwise manner with respect to FIGS. 21A and 21B when exiting the three nozzles, although alternate embodiments may direct water flow in a counterclockwise fashion. Although three nozzles 960 are shown in the present embodiment, alternate embodiments may employ more or fewer nozzles, including employing a single nozzle.

As shown on FIG. 20A, the three backplate nozzles 960 N1, N2, and N3 are encircled by a second turbine rim 1100. When the showerhead is assembled, this second turbine rim abuts a similarly configured second turbine wall 1100 formed on the rear of the frontplate 690, as shown in FIG. 23A. The combination of second turbine rim 1100 and second turbine wall 1110 defines a second turbine chamber 970 in which a second turbine 680 sits. This second turbine is shown in FIGS. 21A and 22A.

Water passing through the angled backplate nozzles 960 N1, N2, and N3 impact the blades 980 of this second turbine 680, causing the turbine to spin. The turbine generally spins about a central protrusion 1130 formed on the backplate front, which is received in a central hollow 1140 or female portion formed on the frontplate rear. As shown in greater detail in FIGS. 21A, 21B, 22A and 22B, the second turbine 680 includes a shield 990 radially extending about a portion of the turbine's circumference. In the present embodiment, the second turbine 680 includes a single shield 990. Alternate embodiments may employ a turbine having two or more shields. The turbine is oriented such that the shield rests upon a portion of the frontplate 690, rather than the backplate 670. As shown in FIG. 23A, three inner nozzle groups 1000 are formed within the second turbine chamber 970. The length of the shield 990 is approximately equal to the length of any single inner nozzle group 1000, such that the shield may block all nozzles 750 in an inner nozzle group when properly oriented. Thus, as water exits the backplate nozzles 960 it impacts the second turbine's blades 980, the shield rotates to cover each inner nozzle group in turn. This causes a pulsating spray to be emitted from the inner nozzle groups 1000.

Returning to FIG. 20A, the outlet for flow channel C′ (shown on FIGS. 19A and 19B) may be seen. This outlet is also marked with the designation C′. Flow outlet C′ streams water to a series of radially extending channels 1010. These radially extending channels each extend outwardly from a central circular channel 1180, along a portion of the outer circumference of the backplate front, and inwardly back towards the central circular channel. Each radially extending channel 1010 shares a side wall 1150 with an adjacent v-shaped channel 940. These flow outlet 1150 sidewalls abut similarly patterned frontplate side walls 1160 formed on the frontplate rear, as shown in FIG. 23A. The combination of flow outlet 1150 and front plate sidewalls 1160 form watertight channels for directing water flow through both the radially extending and v-shaped channels 1110, 940. Further, since no turbine sits between the inlet and the nozzles 750 defined in the radially extending channels, no pulsating mode is ever activated for water flowing through these nozzles.

Returning to FIGS. 19A and 20A, water passing through flow channel D′ on FIG. 19A enters circular outlet channel D′ of FIG. 20. Flow channel D′ (or outlet channel D′) is bounded on the interior by the second turbine rim 1100, and on the exterior by a circular backplate center spray channel wall 1170. When the showerhead is assembled, the backplate center spray channel wall abuts a frontplate center spray channel wall 1180, defining a water-tight outlet flow channel D′ (also referred to as a center spray channel). As shown on FIG. 23A, a series of center spray nozzles 1020 penetrate the frontplate 690 and are formed within the center spray channel 1190. These center spray nozzles 1020 are also shown on FIG. 24A. It should be noted that, unlike the nozzles formed in the v-shaped 940 or radially extending channels 940, 1010 of the frontplate, neither the center spray nozzles 1020 nor the inner nozzle groups 1000 are received in flexible rubber nozzles 760 formed on the nozzle web 700 of FIGS. 26A and 26B. Rather, the inner nozzle groups and center spray nozzles are formed on a raised interior circular portion of the frontplate front, which passes through an interior space in the nozzle web 700 and faceplate 710. Thus, the interior circular portion of the frontplate is relatively flush with the front of the faceplate when the showerhead is fully assembled.

In operation, water channeled through the center spray nozzles 1020 is emitted as a gentle spray at a generally lower flow rate than water emitted through other nozzle groups. The center spray nozzles 1020 may be replaced by nozzles of different diameters for different flow patterns. In yet other embodiments, the center spray nozzles (or any other groups of nozzles) could include a diffuser situated within or operatively connected to the nozzles to emit a mist from the nozzles.

FIG. 25A depicts a mode ring 640. As shown to best effect in FIGS. 6 and 10, the mode ring 640 encircles the showerhead approximately at the joinder of the faceplate 710 and base cone 530. A tab 1030 projects outwardly from the mode ring. A user may grasp the tab 1030 and rotate the mode ring 640 about the showerhead's longitudinal axis to change the operational mode of the showerhead.

When the showerhead is fully assembled, a u-shaped prong 1040 projecting inwardly from the circumference of the mode ring 640 engages the protrusion 850 extending outwardly from the housing 570. Such engagement is shown to best effect in FIG. 8, while FIGS. 13A and 14A depict the housing protrusion 850. Insofar as the housing is not affixed to any portion or element of the showerhead, but instead is held in place by pressure caused by the connection of the pivot ball housing 570 and cap plate 650 (see FIG. 8), the housing may rotate freely about the longitudinal axis of the showerhead in conjunction with the mode ring turning. Thus, as the mode ring 640 turns, the housing 570 also turns. This permits rotational realignment of the side passage 830 formed in the housing above any of the flow holes 870 A, B, C, D formed in the backplate cap 650. For example, FIG. 10 depicts the side passage aligned above one of the backplate cap holes. A seal 620 may be placed between the side passage 830 and backplate 670 to prevent water leakage.

Further, a projection 1200 on the front of the housing 570 forms a tunnel-like structure to prevent water from splashing or otherwise dispersing across the rear surface of the backplate 670. This tunnel 840 is shown to best effect in FIGS. 14A and 14B. Generally, the side walls of the tunnel abut the rear of the backplate 670 when the showerhead is fully assembled. In this manner, water may be directed through the inlet, into the pivot ball 520, through the pivot ball mount 550, into the housing 570 and along the side passage 830, through one of the flow holes 870 A, B, C, D formed in the backplate cap 650, along the associated flow channel 880 formed in the backplate rear, into one of the v-shaped channels 940, radially extending channels 1010, center spray channel 1190, or center turbine channel 970 formed by the combination of backplate 650 front and frontplate 690 rear, and ultimately out through the desired set of nozzles 1000, 1020. Should the flow hole over which the side channel 830 is positioned ultimately lead to a channel containing either the first or second turbine 660, 680, a pulsating shower spray mode may be activated.

Located circumferentially about the outer edge of the housing is a detent cavity 1050 (shown in FIG. 14A). A spring-loaded detent (not shown) nests within the detent cavity. As the housing 570 rotates with the mode ring 640 (or, in some embodiments, the mode ring moves alone), the detent moves arcuately across the backplate 670 rear between a first 1210 and second post 1220. The first and second posts restrict movement of the detent cavity and thus the housing (and mode ring). As shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, a series of detent holes 950 is defined on the backplate rear. When the detent is positioned over one of these holes, the spring biases the detent downward, such that it at least partially enters the detent hole. Generally, this creates an audible “click” or other noise so that a user receives aural feedback that the detent has properly seated. Tactile feedback may also be provided, since the mode ring 640 may become slightly more difficult to turn when the detent seats in a detent hole 950. The detent is formed such that only a small amount of force is required to unseat the detent and continue turning the mode ring, however. For example, the lower portion of the detent may have conical sidewalls.

Referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B, it may be noted that nine detent holes 950 are formed on the backplate rear. Every other detent hole corresponds to one of the flow channel 870 A′, B′, C′, D′, such that the side passage 830 is located directly above the flow channel to which the detent hole 950 corresponds. Thus, when the detent is seated in the detent hole corresponding to flow channel B′, the side passage is located above flow channel B′ and water ultimately flows to the nozzles associated with flow channel B′.

Water may also be provided to two adjacent flow channels 870 simultaneously, resulting in water being emitted from multiple nozzle groups 1000, 1020 in a “combination spray.” The series of detent holes marked A′/B′, B′/C′, and C′/D′ accept the detent when the side passage 830 is positioned halfway over each of the corresponding flow channels. Thus, for example, water may be channeled to both flow channels having turbines therein simultaneously.

Finally, water may be supplied to either flow channel A′ or flow channel D′ to create a relatively soft spray from the associated nozzles. For example, positioning the mode ring 640 and housing 570 so that the detent seats within the detent hole 950 marked “half D′” yields partial water flow into flow channel D′, and a soft center spray from the associated center spray nozzles.

FIGS. 26A and 27A depict the rear and front of the nozzle web 700, respectively. FIGS. 26B and 27B are plan views corresponding of the rear and front of the nozzle web 700, respectively. Similarly, FIGS. 28A and 29A depict the rear and front of the faceplate 710, respectively, with FIGS. 28B and 29B being rear and front plan views thereof. The nozzle web and faceplate have been described with particularity above.

Finally, FIGS. 30-36 depict various views of the exterior of the assembled showerhead, while FIGS. 37A and 37B depict an interior and exterior plan view of the base cone 530, respectively. FIGS. 30-36, for example, depict the relationship between the mode ring 640, nozzle sheaths 760 and faceplate 710

Any of the embodiments described herein may also be equipped with a so-called “pause mode.” While operating in a pause mode, water is channeled through some form of flow restrictor, such as a properly-sized channel or aperture, to provide minimal water flow to one or more nozzles 750 on the frontplate 690. Water flows through these nozzles at a low flow rate. Typically, water flows along the frontplate in pause mode, although in some embodiments it may be emitted a short distance beyond the frontplate. In yet other embodiments, activating a pause mode may prevent any water flow from exiting the showerhead.

Additionally, and as referenced above, the showerhead may emit water in a manner emulating a gentle rainfall. Rainfall emulation is generally performed by appropriately sizing the nozzle orifices. The nozzle orifices are sized such that the volume of water flowing therethrough is larger when compared to standard showerheads. This, in turn, results in a decrease in water pressure for water emitted from the appropriately-sized nozzles. The lowered water pressure yields a more gentle water spray.

In the present embodiment, two nozzle sets are generally used to create rainfall water sprays. The nozzles fed by flow channel C′ and the radially-extending channels 1010 emit a steady rainfall spray, and may be referred to as “rain nozzles.” The nozzles fed by flow channel A′ and the V-shaped channels 940 emit a pulsed rainfall spray, and may be referred to as “pulsed rain nozzles.” In the present embodiment, the rain nozzles have an orifice diameter of approximately 0.037 inches, while the pulsed rain nozzles have an orifice diameter of approximately 0.048 inches. Alternate embodiments may vary the orifice sizes to change the volume and pressure of water flow therethrough, or may vary the orifice sizes of other nozzle groups to emulate rainfall as well.

Although the invention described herein has been disclosed with reference to particular embodiments physical characteristics and modes of operation, alternative embodiments may vary some or all of these elements. For example, certain embodiments may omit one or both turbines, while other embodiments vary the flow channels to which any or all of the flow holes A, B, C, D lead. as yet another example, the lifting device of the first embodiment may be used with one or both turbines of the second embodiment The other embodiments may employ a rationing mechanism or stop to prevent the mode ring and housing from turning beyond a certain point. In still other embodiments, the nozzle web may be omitted. Accordingly, the proper scope of this invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A showerhead, comprising an inlet;a flow channel fluidly connected to the inlet;at least one aperture defined in the flow channel;a flow interruptor positioned within the flow channel; anda lifting device operatively connected to the flow interruptor and operative to assume at least a first and second operational mode; whereinthe flow interruptor at least intermittently blocks a water flow from passing through the at least one aperture when the lifting device assumes the first operational mode; andthe flow interruptor does not block the water flow from passing through the at least one aperture when the lifting device assumes the second operational mode.

2. A showerhead comprising, an inlet;a flow channel fluidly connected to the inlet;at least one aperture defined in the flow channel;a flow interruptor positioned within the flow channel; anda lifting device operatively connected to the flow interruptor and operative to assume at least a first and second operational mode, comprising a ramp having a slot formed therein;a rod extending at least partially through the slot;a projection extending from a base of the rod; anda knob operatively connected to the rod; whereinthe flow interruptor at least intermittently blocks a water flow from passing through the at least one aperture when the lifting device assumes the first operational mode; andthe flow interruptor does not block the water flow from passing through the at least one aperture when the lifting device assumes the second operational mode.

3. The showerhead of claim 2, wherein the knob is operative to move between at least a first position corresponding to the first operational mode and a second position corresponding to the second operational mode;moving the knob from the first position to the second position moves the rod along the slot from a lower segment of the ramp to an upper segment of the ramp;moving the rod from the lower segment of the ramp to an upper segment of the ramp engages the projection and the turbine, thereby raising the flow interruptor.

4. The showerhead of claim 2, further comprising a housing operatively connected to the knob, the housing at least partially surrounding the inlet, the flow channel, the aperture, the flow interruptor, the ramp, the rod, and the projection.

5. The showerhead of claim 2, further comprising at least one nozzle fluidly connected to the flow interruptor and operative to emit a water flow varying between the first and second operational modes.

6. The showerhead of claim 5, wherein the at least one nozzle emits a pulsating flow when the lifting device assumes the first operational mode; andthe at least one nozzle emits a substantially steady flow when the lifting device assumes the second operational mode.

7. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the flow interruptor comprises a turbine.

8. The showerhead of claim 7, wherein the turbine comprises a cylinder; andone or more blades extending outwardly from a sidewall of the cylinder.

9. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the lifting device comprises a piston operably coupled to the flow interruptor, whereinin the first operational mode the piston is in a first position; andin the second operational mode the piston is in a second position.

10. The showerhead of claim 9, wherein in the second position the piston raises the flow interruptor towards the inlet.

11. The showerhead of claim 9, further comprising a first piston flow passage; anda second piston flow passage.

12. The showerhead of claim 11, wherein the lifting device further comprises: an actuator plate; whereinin the first operational mode, the actuator plate channels water through the first piston passage, driving the piston to the first position; andin the second operational mode, the actuator plate channels water through the second piston passage, driving the piston to the second position.