Patent Application
20140168504
The present disclosure relates to a drive device using a polymer actuator device, and a lens module and an image pickup unit that include such a drive device.
In recent years, high functionality of mobile electronic apparatus such as a mobile phone, a personal computer (PC), and personal digital assistant (PDA) is significantly accelerated, and mobile electronic apparatuses that have a lens module and thus have an image pickup function are common. In such mobile electronic apparatuses, focusing and zooming are performed by moving a lens in the lens module in an optical axis direction thereof.
The lens in the lens module is typically moved using, as a drive section, a voice coil motor, a stepping motor, or the like. On the other hand, recently, a predetermined actuator device used as a drive section is developed in terms of downsizing. Examples of such an actuator device may include a polymer actuator device (see Patent Literatures 1 to 3). The polymer actuator device has an ion-exchange resin film sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, for example. In the polymer actuator device, a potential difference occurs between the pair of electrodes, and the ion-exchange resin film is accordingly displaced in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the film.
Incidentally, such a polymer actuator device may be degraded in characteristics depending on ambient environment. Therefore, proposition of a method capable of suppressing such characteristic degradation is desired.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a drive device, a lens module, and an image pickup unit capable of suppressing characteristic degradation according to ambient environment.
A drive device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes one or a plurality of polymer actuator devices each configured using an ion-exchange resin, and the ion-exchange resin contains operating ions that have activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold.
A lens module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a lens and the above-described drive device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure that drives the lens.
An image pickup unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a lens, an image pickup device configured to acquire an image pickup signal imaged by the lens, and the above-described drive device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure that drives the lens.
In the drive unit, the lens module, and the image pickup unit according to the respective embodiments of the present disclosure, the ion-exchange resin in the polymer actuator device contains the operating ions having the activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold. Accordingly, degradation in ion conductivity in the ion-exchange resin is suppressed even in environment with low humidity, high temperature, and the like.
In the drive unit, the lens module, and the image pickup unit according to the respective embodiments of the present disclosure, the ion-exchange resin in the polymer actuator device contains the operating ions having the activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold. Accordingly, degradation in ion conductivity is allowed to be suppressed in environment with low humidity, high temperature, and the like. As a result, characteristic degradation according to ambient environment (for example, lowering in response speed of the drive unit in low-humidity environment, and lowering in displacement of the drive unit after storage in high-temperature environment) is allowed to be suppressed.
An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that description will be given in the following order.
(Schematic Configuration of Electronic Apparatus Provided with Image Pickup Unit)
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
(Configuration of Image Pickup Unit 2 and Lens Module 4)
The lens module 4 includes a supporting member 11, a polymer actuator device 131, a lens holding member 14 and the lens 40, and a polymer actuator device 132 in order from the image side (the image pickup device 3 side) to the object side along an optical axis Z1 (along a positive direction on the Z-axis). Incidentally, in
The supporting member 11 is a base member (a base) supporting the entire lens module 4, and is formed of a hard resin material such as a liquid crystal polymer.
The fixing member 12 is a member fixing one end of each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132, and is formed of a hard resin material such as a liquid crystal polymer. The fixing member 12 is configured of three members, namely, a lower fixing member 12D, a central (middle) fixing member 12C, and an upper fixing member 12U that are arranged from the image side (the lower side in
The fixed electrodes 130A and 130B are electrodes for supplying a drive voltage Vd from voltage applying means (a voltage supplying section 19 described later) to electrode films (electrode films 52A and 52B described above) in the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132. Each of the fixed electrodes 130A and 130B is formed of gold (Au), a gold-plated metal, or the like, and is shaped like a letter “U”. Therefore, the fixed electrodes 130A and 130B sandwich the central fixing member 12C (surfaces on both sides along the Z axis) from upper and lower sides, respectively, thereby applying the same voltage to the pair of polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 in parallel through a small number of wirings. In addition, in the case where the fixed electrodes 130A and 130B are each formed of a gold-plated metal, it is possible to prevent deterioration in contact resistance caused by surface oxidation or the like.
The lens holding member 14 is a member for holding the lens 40, and is formed of a hard resin material such as a liquid crystal polymer. The lens holding member 14 is disposed so that the center thereof is located on the optical axis Z1, and includes a circular holding section 14B holding the lens 40, and a connecting section 14A that holds the holding section 14B and connects the holding section 14B with the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B described later. Moreover, the holding section 14B is disposed between respective driving surfaces of the pair of polymer actuator devices 131 and 132.
The polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 each have the driving surface (the driving surface on the X-Y plane) orthogonal to the optical axis Z1 of the lens 40, and are disposed so that the driving surfaces face to each other along the optical axis Z1. Each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 is to drive the lens holding member 14 (and the lens 40) along the optical axis Z1 through the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B described later. As illustrated in (B) of
Each of the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B is a member for coupling (connecting) the other end of each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 with an end of the connecting section 14A. Specifically, each of the coupling members 151A and 151B couples the lower end of the connecting section 14A with the other end of the polymer actuator device 131, and each of the coupling members 152A and 152B couples the upper end of the connecting section 14A with the other end of the polymer actuator device 132. Each of the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B is formed of a flexible film such as a polyimide film, and may be desirably formed of a soft material having rigidity (flexural rigidity) equivalent to or lower than (preferably the same as or lower than) that of each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132. Accordingly, flexibility in which the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B are curved in a direction opposite to a curved direction of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 occurs, and a cross-sectional shape of a cantilever that is configured of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 and the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B forms an S-shaped curve. As a result, the connecting section 14A becomes parallely movable along the Z axis direction, and the holding section 14B (and the lens 40) is driven in the Z axis direction while maintaining a parallel state to the supporting member 11. Incidentally, for example, a spring constant may be used as the above-described rigidity (the flexural rigidity).
Each of the Hall devices 17A and 17B is a device used for detecting movement (displacement) of the lens holding member 14, and examples thereof may include a combination of a Hall device and a magnet.
As illustrated in (A) of
(Detailed Structure of Polymer Actuator Devices 131 and 132)
Next, the detailed structure of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 is described with reference to
The polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 each have a cross-sectional structure in which the pair of electrode films 52A and 52B is formed on both surfaces of an ion conductive polymer compound film 51 (hereinafter, simply referred to as a polymer compound film 51). In other words, the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 each have the pair of electrode films 52A and 52B and the polymer compound film 51 interposed between the electrode films 52A and 52B. Note that the periphery of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 and the electrode films 52A and 52B may be covered with an insulating protective film formed of a highly-elastic material (such as polyurethane).
In this case, as illustrated by a sectional view (Z-X sectional view) in
The polymer compound film 51 is curved when a predetermined potential difference occurs between the electrode films 52A and 52B. The polymer compound film 51 is impregnated with an ionic substance. The term “ionic substance” used herein indicates general ions that are capable of being transferred in the polymer compound film 51, and specifically indicates a substance containing simple hydrogen ions, simple metal ions, or cations and/or anions thereof and a polar solvent, or a liquid substance containing cations and/or anions, such as an imidazolium salt. Examples of the former may include a substance in which a polar solvent is solvated to cations and/or anions, and examples of the latter may include ionic liquid.
Examples of materials configuring the polymer compound film 51 may include a fluorine resin and an ion-exchange resin that has a hydrocarbon skeleton. As the ion-exchange resin, a cation-exchange resin is preferable in the case where a cationic substance is impregnated, and an anion-exchange resin is preferable in the case where an anionic substance is impregnated.
Examples of the cation-exchange resin may include a resin into which an acidic group such as a sulfonic acid group and a carboxyl group has been introduced. Specific examples of the cation-exchange resin may include polyethylene having an acidic group, polystyrene having an acidic group, and a fluorine resin having an acidic group. Among them, a fluorine resin having a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group is preferable as the cation-exchange resin, and examples thereof may include Nafion (manufactured by Du Pont Kabushiki Kaisha).
Types of the cationic substance impregnated to the polymer compound film 51 may be organic or inorganic without limitation. For example, various forms such as simple metal ions, a substance containing metal ions and water, and a substance containing organic cations and water are applicable as the cationic substance. Examples of the metal ions may include light metal ion such as lithium ion (Li+). Moreover, examples of the organic cations may include alkylammonium ion. Further, examples of the organic cations may include cation such as hydrogen ion (H+). These cations exist as hydrate in the polymer compound film 51. Therefore, when a cationic substance containing cations and water is impregnated to the polymer compound film 51, the cationic substance is preferably sealed as a whole in order to prevent water from volatilizing in the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132.
The electrode films 52A and 52B opposed to each other with the polymer compound film 51 in between each contain one or more kinds of conductive materials. The electrode films 52A and 52B may be preferably formed by conductive material powder bound by an ion conductive polymer. This is because flexibility of the electrode films 52A and 52B are enhanced. Carbon powder is preferable as the conductive material powder. This is because the carbon powder has high conductivity and a large specific surface area, and therefore a larger deformation amount is obtainable. Ketjen black is preferable as the carbon power. The material (in this case, a material containing an ion-exchange resin) similar to the material of the polymer compound film 51 described above is preferable as the ion conductive polymer.
For example, the electrode films 52A and 52B are formed as follows. Paint in which the conductive material powder and the ion conductive polymer are dispersed in a dispersion medium is applied on both surfaces of the polymer compound film 51, followed by drying. Alternatively, a film material containing the conductive material powder and the ion conductive polymer may be bonded by pressure on the both surfaces of the polymer compound film 51.
Each of the electrode films 52A and 52B may have a multilayer structure, and in such a case, may preferably have a structure in which a layer formed by binding conductive material powder by the ion conductive polymer and a metallic layer are stacked in order from the polymer compound film 51 side. This is because, with this structure, potential in in-plan direction of the electrode films 52A and 52B come close to a uniform value, and superior deformation property is obtainable. Examples of materials configuring the metallic layer may include noble metals such as gold and platinum. Although the thickness of the metallic layer is arbitrarily set, the metallic layer may be preferably a continuous film so that potential of the electrode films 52A and 52B become uniform. Examples of a method of forming the metallic layer may include plating, evaporation, and sputtering.
The size (the width and the length) of the polymer compound film 51 is allowed to be arbitrarily set depending on the size and the weight of an object to be driven (in this case, the lens holding member 43 and the like) or the displacement (the deformation amount) necessary for the polymer compound film 51. For example, the displacement of the polymer compound film 51 is set according to a desired displacement of the object to be driven (the movement along the Z axis direction).
(Detailed Configuration of Ion-Exchange Resin)
In this case, the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 according to the present embodiment is configured using an ion-exchange resin containing ions (operating ions) that has activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold. Specifically, such an ion-exchange resin containing the operating ions is used in one or more of the electrode films 52A and 52B and the polymer compound film 51 described above, desirably, in each (all) of the electrode films 52A and 52B and the polymer compound film 51. More specifically, in the case where each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 has a three-layer structure of (the electrode film 52A formed of a mixed layer including the conductive material and the ion-exchange resin), (the polymer compound film 51 containing the ion-exchange resin), and (the electrode film 52B formed of a mixed layer including the conductive material and the ion-exchange resin), such an ion exchange resin containing the operating ions is used in one ore more of, desirably, all of the three layers.
The activation energy described above indicates energy necessary for the operating ions moving from one functional group in the ion conductive resin to the other functional group. In addition, the activation energy used herein indicates activation energy in predetermined low-humidity environment (for example, in environment with relative humidity of 30% described later). Although the detail thereof will be described later, such activation energy may be desirably equal to or lower than 0.25 [eV], and more desirably equal to or lower than 0.20 [eV], and still more desirably equal to or lower than 0.10 [eV]. In addition, although the detail thereof will also be described later, examples of the operating ions (examples of the cations here) having the activation energy of such a value may include hydrogen ion (H+) and lithium ion (Li30). Specifically, the lithium ion is an example of the operating ion having activation energy of 0.20 [eV] or lower, and the hydrogen ion is an example of the operating ion having activation energy of 0.10 [eV] or lower.
Activation energy (activation energy in ion conduction) Ea of the operating ions in the ion exchange resin is defined as follows. First, a response speed V of each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 is defined by the following expression (1) using the activation energy Ea of the operating ions in the ion-exchange resin (Arrhenius law). Incidentally, in the expression (1), A is a constant (a frequency factor) independent of temperature, R is a gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. The expression (1) is transformed by taking logarithm (loge=In) of both members to obtain the following expression (2). In other words, the activation energy Ea is obtained from an absolute value of a gradient of a straight line in a graph (so-called Arrhenius plot) in which the inverse of a product (RT) of the gas constant R and the absolute temperature T is represented in a lateral axis, and a logarithm (InV) of the response speed V is represented in a vertical axis. Incidentally, as is clear from the expression (2), InA is obtainable from an intercept of the vertical axis on the Arrhenius plot.
Note that, in the present embodiment, an ion-exchange equivalent weight (EW value) in the ion-exchange resin containing the operating ions having the activation energy described above is desirably equal to or lower than 800 [g/eq]. In such a configuration, although the detail will be described later, the response speed is prevented from being lowered at low humidity, and at the same time, displacement is effectively prevented from being lowered after long term storage at high temperature.
(Function and Effects of Image Pickup Unit 2)
Subsequently, function and effects of the image pickup unit 2 according to the present embodiment are described.
First, operation of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 is described with reference to
In this case, the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 in a no-voltage applied state each have a planar shape without any curvature because the cationic substance is uniformly dispersed in the polymer compound film 51 ((A) of
After that, when the potential difference between the electrode films 52A and 52B is eliminated to establish the no-voltage applied state (the application of the drive voltage Vd is stopped), the cationic substance (the cations and the polar solvent) biased on the electrode film 52A side in the polymer compound film 51 are dispersed, and the polymer actuator films 131 and 132 are returned to the state illustrated in (A) of
Moreover, when the predetermined drive voltage Vd is applied between the electrode films 52A and 52B so that the electrode film 52A has a plus potential and the electrode film 52B has a minus potential from the no-voltage applied state illustrated in (A) of
Subsequently, operation of the entire image pickup unit 2 (the lens module 4) is described with reference to
As illustrated (by an arrow) in (A) and (B) of
Incidentally, as described above, typically, the characteristics of the polymer actuator device that uses moving phenomenon of ions in the ion conductive resin (ion-exchange resin) to perform operation may be degraded depending on ambient environment.
Specific example of the characteristic degradation may include response speed lowering in the low-humidity environment (dry environment). This is caused by degradation of ion conductivity of the ion-exchange resin in low-humidity environment. As measures against the degradation, in order to prevent the ion-exchange resin from being dried, a method of laminating the entire polymer actuator device with a moisture-impermeable film, a method using the polymer actuator device in an aqueous solution, and the like are conceivable. By such methods, however, disadvantageously, operation of the polymer actuator device may be inhibited or usage environment thereof may be restricted. In addition, although a method using, as operating ions, ion liquid that is difficult to be evaporated is conceivable, the method is not enough to suppress lowering in response speed in low-humidity environment as with a Comparative Example 2 described later.
The characteristic degradation of the polymer actuator device according to the ambient environment described above includes lowering in displacement (deformation amount) after storage in high-temperature environment. This is considered as denaturation caused by dehydration reaction of a functional group in the ion-exchange resin (Shigeaki Morita and Kuniyuki Kitagawa, “Temperature-dependent structure changes in Nafion ionomer studied by PCMW 2D IR correlation spectroscopy”, Journal of Molecular Structure, 974 (2010), pp. 56-59). It is known that when a functional group is denatured by the dehydration reaction, the functional group does not contribute to ion conduction. On the other hand, when the number of functional groups contributing to ion conduction is smaller than a certain amount, ion conductivity is disadvantageously degraded rapidly due to large distance between the functional groups.
Therefore, the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 according to the present embodiment are each configured using the ion-exchange resin containing ions (operating ions) having activation energy equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold, as described above. Specifically, such an ion-exchange resin containing the operating ions having the activation energy is used in one or more of the electrode films 52A and 52B and the polymer compound film 51, desirably, in each (all) of the electrode films 52A and 52B and the polymer compound film 51.
As a result, minimum energy necessary for ion conduction is allowed to be suppressed. Therefore, response speed equivalent to the response speed in normal humidity environment is allowed to be obtained also in low-humidity environment. In addition, even if the distance between the functional groups normally operating is increased after storage in high-temperature environment due to decreasing in number of functional groups caused by denaturation, the ion conduction is allowed to be maintained with relatively low energy. Further, in the case where the above-described ion-exchange resin having the EW value of 800 [g/eq] or less is used together, namely, in the case where an ion-exchange resin in which the amount of the functional groups per unit weight is larger than a predetermined amount is used, the following is enabled. Even if the number of functional groups denatured in high-temperature environment is increased, a certain number of functional groups normally operating are existed. Therefore, the ion conductivity is allowed to be effectively prevented from drastically degrading.
As described above, in the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 according to the present embodiment, degradation of the ion conductivity in the ion-exchange resin is allowed to be suppressed even in the above-described environment with low humidity, high temperature, and the like. As a result, in the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132, characteristic degradation according to ambient environment (for example, as described above, lowering in response speed in low-humidity environment, and lowering in displacement after storage in high-temperature environment) is allowed to be suppressed.
Specific examples (examples 1 and 2) of such polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 are described in comparison with Comparative Examples (Comparative Examples 1 and 2).
(A) to (D) of
(A) of
It is found from (A) and (B) of
To satisfy the above-described condition examples, it is necessary to obtain the response speed V(30) larger than that in the Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, it is found that, as with the Examples 1 and 2, using the ion-exchange resin containing the operating ions whose activation energy Ea(30) is equal to or lower than 0.25 [eV] is effective. In addition, it is desirable in terms of improvement in response speed V(30) that hydrogen ion (H+) (the Example 1) or lithium ion (Li+) (the Example 2) having the activation energy Ea(30) of 0.20 [eV] or lower is used as the operating ion. Further, it is more desirable in terms of improvement in response speed V(30) that hydrogen ion (H+) (the Example 1) having the activation energy Ea(30) of 0.10 [eV] or lower is used as the operating ion.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the ion-exchange resin in the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 contains the operating ions having the activation energy equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold. Therefore, it is possible to suppress degradation of ion conductivity in environment with low humidity, high temperature, and the like. As a result, characteristic degradation according to ambient environment (for example, lowering in response speed of the drive device in low-humidity environment, lowering in displacement of the drive device after storage in high-temperature environment) is allowed to be suppressed.
As described above, although the technology of the present disclosure has been described with referring to the embodiment and the Examples, the technology is not limited thereto, and various modifications may be made.
For example, in the above-described embodiment and the like, the combination of the cationic conductive resin and the cations is mainly described as an example. However, the combination is not limited thereto. In other words, as long as the ion-exchange resin in the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 contains the operating ions having the activation energy equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold, it is possible to obtain effects similar to those in the above-described embodiment and the like even by a combination of an anion conductive resin and anions.
Moreover, the connecting section 14A and the coupling members 151A, 151B, 152A, and 152B described in the above-described embodiment and the like may be omitted depending on circumstances. In addition, in the above-described embodiment and the like, the case where one end of each of the polymer actuator devices 131 and 132 is directly fixed by the fixing member 12 has been described. However, the configuration is not limited thereto. Alternatively, one end of the polymer actuator device may be fixed by a fixing member indirectly (through a fixed electrode or the like).
Further, in the above-described embodiment and the like, the case where the pair of polymer actuator devices is provided has been described. However, the number of polymer actuator devices is not limited to one pair, and alternatively, one or three or more polymer actuator devices may be provided.
In addition, the shape of the polymer actuator device is not limited to that described in the above-described embodiment and the like, and the stacked structure thereof is also not limited to that described in the above-described embodiment and the like. The shape and the stacked structure of the polymer actuator device may be appropriately modified. Moreover, the shape, the material, and the like of each component in the lens module (the drive device) are not limited to those described in the above-described embodiment and the like.
Moreover, in the above-described embodiment and the like, the lens drive device driving the lens along the optical axis thereof has been described as an example of the drive device of the disclosure. However, the drive device of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and for example, the lens drive device may drive the lens along a direction orthogonal to the optical axis thereof. In addition, the drive device according to the embodiment of the disclosure is applicable to a drive device or the like that drives a diaphragm (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-259381), other than such a lens drive device. Furthermore, the drive device, the lens module, and the image pickup unit according to the respective embodiments of the disclosure are applicable to various electronic apparatuses in addition to the mobile phone described in the above-described embodiment and the like.
It is to be noted that the technology may be configured as follows.
(1) A drive device including one or a plurality of polymer actuator devices each configured using an ion-exchange resin, wherein the ion-exchange resin contains operating ions that have activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold.
(2) The drive device according to (1), wherein each of the polymer actuator device includes a pair of electrode films and a polymer film interposed between the pair of electrode films, and the ion-exchange resin is used in one or more of the pair of the electrode films and the polymer film.
(3) The drive device according to (2), wherein the ion-exchange resin is used in all of the pair of the electrode films and the polymer film.
(4) The drive device according to (3), wherein the activation energy of the operating ions in the polymer film is lower than the activation energy of the operating ions in each of the electrode films.
(5) The drive device according to (3), wherein the ion-exchange resin is selectively used in the polymer film.
(6) The drive device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the activation energy of the operating ions is equal to or lower than 0.25 [eV].
(7) The drive device according to (6), wherein the activation energy of the operating ions is equal to or lower than 0.20 [eV].
(8) The drive device according to (7), wherein the activation energy of the operating ions is equal to or lower than 0.10 [eV].
(9) The drive device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the operating ion is hydrogen ion (H+) or lithium ion (Li+).
(10) The drive device according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the activation energy is activation energy in a predetermined low-humidity environment.
(11) The drive device according to (10), wherein the low-humidity environment is environment with relative humidity of 30%.
(12) The drive device according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein an ion-exchange equivalent weight (EW value) of the ion-exchange resin is equal to or lower than 800 [g/eq].
(13) The drive device according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the drive device is configured as a lens drive device driving a lens.
(14) A lens module including: a lens; and
a drive device configured to drive the lens, wherein
the drive device includes one or a plurality of polymer actuator devices each configured using an ion-exchange resin, and
the ion-exchange resin contains operating ions that have activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold.
(15) An image pickup unit including:
a lens;
an image pickup device configured to acquire an image pickup signal imaged by the lens; and
a drive device configured to drive the lens, wherein
the drive device includes one or a plurality of polymer actuator devices each configured using an ion-exchange resin, and
the ion-exchange resin contains operating ions that have activation energy equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold.
This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2011-175616 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Aug. 11, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-175616 | Aug 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/069679 | 8/2/2012 | WO | 00 | 1/24/2014 |
