Patent Grant
11909152
This application is a U.S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2018/075485, filed Sep. 20, 2018, which claims the benefit of Germany Patent Application No. 102017121924.2, filed Sep. 21, 2017, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
The present invention relates to a terminal region for an electrical device. The device is for example an inductive device. The terminal region is configured for electrical connection of a stranded wire of the device, in particular a high-frequency stranded wire, with a printed circuit board. The stranded wire for example forms a winding, in particular a coil of the device.
In known methods for processing a stranded wire to produce a terminal region, stranded wire insulation is removed by immersion in a hot solder bath. This process is difficult to control and often leads to shortcomings in quality. In addition, cavities often remain in the terminal region formed, such that the terminal region is not compact in shape.
In other known methods a prefabricated cable lug or annular cable lug is used to terminate a stranded wire. However, such preshaped sleeves increase the thickness of the terminal region and are not very flexible.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved terminal region for an electrical device having a stranded wire.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, an electrical device with a terminal region is provided. The terminal region is suitable for connection with a printed circuit board. In particular, the terminal region is configured for direct connection with contacts of the printed circuit board, for example for attachment by soldering. Thus, no further element is required for connection with the printed circuit board in addition to the terminal region. The terminal region may be configured in the form of a terminal pin.
The terminal region has a stranded wire. The stranded wire has a multiplicity of individual wires. The stranded wire for example forms a winding of the device, in particular a coil. The electrical device takes the form of an inductive device, for example. In particular, the terminal region has an end of the stranded wire which projects out of the winding.
The device may have a support. A winding of the stranded wire, for example, is arranged on the support.
In addition, the terminal region has an enclosure piece, which surrounds the stranded wire. The enclosure piece may completely surround the stranded wire in the terminal region. The enclosure piece may have marginal zones which overlap. As a result of the overlap, the enclosure piece may be formed particularly tightly against the individual wires. In addition, the overlap enables flexible shaping of the enclosure piece during production of the terminal region.
The enclosure piece in particular is a “splice crimp”, i.e. a metallic band piece, which is bent around the stranded wire. To produce the terminal region, a flat, unshaped band piece is provided, for example, and bent around the stranded wire. The enclosure piece is thus given its shape, in particular a sleeve shape, only on arrangement around the stranded wire. Such an enclosure piece may differ from a prefabricated sleeve, such as for example a cable lug, in the overlap of marginal zones.
The enclosure piece is, for example, directly electrically connected with the stranded wire, such that no further electrical connection material, in particular no solder material or conductive adhesive, is needed. The terminal region is in particular produced soldering-free, i.e. without soldering. The side effects which arise during soldering, such as for example damage to the adjacent winding due to the evolution of heat or troublesome balls of solder, are thus absent.
For example, the enclosure piece is connected with the individual wires of the stranded wire by thermal diffusion bonding. In thermal diffusion bonding the individual wires and the enclosure piece are connected together through exposure to pressure and elevated temperature. In this case, the temperature is lower than the melting temperature of the material of the enclosure piece and the material of the individual wires. In diffusion bonding, bilateral diffusion takes place at an atomic level over the boundary surfaces of the parts to be connected together, resulting in an intimate connection of the parts. In the terminal region it is possible both for the enclosure piece to be connected to the individual wires by diffusion bonding, and the individual wires to one another.
Connection by thermal diffusion bonding is apparent from the finished device through the intimate connection of the enclosure piece with the individual wires and of the individual wires with one another. The exposure to pressure during thermal diffusion bonding produces compaction of the terminal region, such that the terminal region has no or only small cavities. Due to compaction during the production process, the terminal region may have a smaller thickness than the stranded wire provided with insulation.
The terminal region may exhibit residues of external insulation of the stranded wire and of insulation of the individual wires, for example in the form of clumped particles. During thermal diffusion bonding, for example, the insulation of the individual wires and/or the external insulation of the stranded wire is melted. This enables the stranded wire to be connected to the enclosure piece without previous, separate removal of the insulation.
The stranded wire may terminate flush with the enclosure piece. In particular, the stranded wire extends through the entire terminal region. Electrical connection of the device thus occurs almost directly at the stranded wire, in the case of connection to the side of the terminal region separated only by the band piece. This results in advantages in electrical and mechanical terms, for example particularly good DC resistance and high mechanical stability.
In one embodiment, the terminal region is configured for pin through hole (PTH) mounting. The length and cross-sectional shape of the terminal region are in this case in particular suitably selected.
In one embodiment the terminal region is configured for SMD mounting, i.e. for surface mounting. The terminal region 2 may to this end also have a kink or bend 32, as shown in
The external shape of the terminal region may be formed in thermal diffusion bonding by a suitable tool, in particular a compaction tool. For example, a tool has contact surfaces which rest against the enclosure piece and define the external shape of the terminal region through the exertion of pressure. A bend or kink in the terminal region may also be created in the process.
In one embodiment, the terminal region is rectangular in shape. The terminal region may also be square in shape. In one embodiment, the terminal region is round in shape. The terminal region may also have a round shape merely in sections.
The terminal region is for example oriented downwards. The terminal region may in particular be oriented in such a way that, when the device is mounted on a printed circuit board, said terminal region is insertable directly into holes in the printed circuit board or may be arranged on the printed circuit board.
The device may have a plurality of terminal regions. For example, the device has a plurality of terminal regions arranged adjacent one another. The device may also have terminal regions on opposing sides. The device may have a plurality of stranded wires, the ends of which are each connected with terminal regions.
In one embodiment, the terminal region is fixed in a holder. The holder is, for example, arranged on a support of the device. In particular, the holder may take the form of a clamping device. The terminal region is, for example, fixed directly in the holder or a region of the stranded wire adjacent the terminal region is fixed in the holder.
In one embodiment, the terminal region is not directly fixed. In particular, the terminal region or regions adjacent thereto of the stranded wire are not fixed in a holder. Thus, the terminal region has a degree of spatial flexibility, such that it may be flexibly mounted.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, an arrangement having the above-described device and a printed circuit board is provided. The terminal region is connected with the printed circuit board, for example by pin through hole, surface, screw, or clamp mounting.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for producing a terminal region of an electrical device. The terminal region and the device may in particular be those described above.
In this case, a device having a stranded wire with a multiplicity of individual wires is provided. The individual wires each for example exhibit insulation in the form of a enameling. In addition, the stranded wire may have external insulation, for example in the form of a sleeve. It is also possible for no external insulation to be present.
A band piece is provided, in particular in the form of a “splice crimp”. The band piece is bent around the stranded wire. An enclosure piece, which envelops the stranded wire in regions, is thus shaped from the band piece. Marginal zones of the enclosure piece may overlap.
The enclosure piece is then connected to the stranded wire by thermal diffusion bonding. Mechanical pressure is in this case exerted on the arrangement of stranded wire and enclosure piece. In particular, the enclosure piece is pressed against the stranded wire. At the same time, the arrangement is heated.
Heating proceeds for example by current flow. To this end, electrodes may be applied to the enclosure piece. In particular, heating arises due to the electrical resistance of the insulation. Heating leads to melting of the insulation of the stranded wire. The resultant cavities are largely closed by the continuous exertion of mechanical pressure. A particularly compact shape is thus obtained for the terminal region.
In the case of thermal diffusion bonding, the external geometry of the terminal region may also be configured depending on the desired form of mounting. The contact surfaces of the pressure-exerting tools are here selected accordingly.
After thermal diffusion bonding the free end of the stranded wire may be detached. In particular, flush termination of the stranded wire with the enclosure piece may be achieved.
The present disclosure describes multiple aspects of an invention. All the characteristics which have been disclosed in relation to the device, the arrangement or the method, are accordingly also disclosed in relation to the other aspects, even if the respective characteristic is not mentioned explicitly in the context of the other aspects.
Furthermore, the description of the subjects indicated here is not restricted to the individual specific embodiments. Instead, the features of the individual embodiments may, insofar as technically meaningful, be combined with one another.
The subjects described here are explained in greater detail below with reference to schematic exemplary embodiments.
In the figures:
In the following figures identical reference signs preferably relate to functionally or structurally corresponding parts of the various embodiments.
The terminal region 2 is configured in particular in the form of a terminal pin. The terminal region 2 is insertable for example into holes of a printed circuit board. In particular, the terminal region 2 is suitable for pin through hole mounting. The terminal region 2 points downwards.
In the present case, the terminal region 2 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Depending on the desired terminal design, the terminal region 2 may also have another shape. The component 1 may have a plurality of terminal regions 2. In the present case, two terminal regions 2 are provided, which are arranged adjacent one another.
The terminal region 2 has a stranded wire 3 and an enclosure piece 4 arranged therearound. The stranded wire 3 extends into the enclosure piece 4. In particular, the ends of the stranded wire 3 and of the enclosure piece 4 terminate flush with one another. Thus, in the case of PTH mounting the stranded wire 3 extends directly into the printed circuit board. In this way, local heat peaks at the printed circuit board can be avoided. In addition, an improvement in electrical behavior can be achieved thereby, for example in the case of resistance.
The stranded wire 3 may for example be configured as a high-frequency stranded wire. The stranded wire 3 has a multiplicity of individual wires, for example 100 to 5000 individual wires. The stranded wire 3 has a round cross-sectional shape for example outside the terminal region 2.
The stranded wire 3 is surrounded by external insulation 8 outside the terminal region 2. The insulation 8 is configured in particular as an insulating sleeve, in which all the individual wires are accommodated. Each individual wire may additionally be surrounded outside the terminal region 2 by internal insulation, which takes the form, for example, of an enamel layer. The individual wires comprise copper, for example. The individual wires for example have thicknesses of between 0.02 and 0.5 mm.
The stranded wire 3 forms a winding 5, in particular a coil, of the device 1. The winding 5 is arranged on a support 6. The support 6 comprises an insulating material.
The enclosure piece 4 in particular is a so-called “splice crimp”. A “splice crimp” is a metallic band piece which is provided in a flat shape, for example, and then bent around a conductor. In this way, the enclosure piece 4 obtains its geometry, in particular its tubular or sleeve shape, only during arrangement around the stranded wire 3. The enclosure piece 4 for example comprises a metal. For example, the enclosure piece 4 comprises copper, brass, bronze or other copper alloys. The enclosure piece 4 may additionally be tinned. The enclosure piece 4 is made, for example, from a flat, metallic band.
The terminal regions 2 are mechanically fixed by means of a holder 7. For example, the terminal regions 2 are clamped in place in the holder 7. The holder 7 is arranged on the support 6. The holder 7 may be an integral part of the support 6.
The terminal regions 2 may be arranged very close to the winding 5, for example at a distance of a few mm, in particular at a distance of up to 10 mm.
The enclosure piece 4 is directly connected with the stranded wire 3. The connection is produced in particular by thermal diffusion bonding. To this end, the parts to be connected together, i.e. the enclosure piece 4 and the stranded wire 3, are pressed together and simultaneously heated. The temperature is here below the melting temperature of the parts to be connected. The outer contour of the terminal region 2, for example a rectangular shape, is produced in the process.
The terminal region 2 has a rectangular outer contour. The individual wires 9 of the stranded wire 3 are identifiable. The enclosure piece 4 completely surrounds the stranded wire 3. The enclosure piece 4 has marginal zones 10, 11 which overlap. The enclosure piece 4 tightly encloses the stranded wire 3. The individual wires 9 lie closely against one another. It is apparent from the shape of the enclosure piece 4, in particular from the overlap of the marginal zones 10, 11 and the tight enclosure of the stranded wire 3 by the enclosure piece 4, that the enclosure piece 4 is not preshaped as a sleeve but acquires its sleeve shape only when it is wrapped around the stranded wire 3.
The enclosure piece 4 is firmly connected mechanically and electrically with the individual wires 9 of the stranded wire 3 by thermal diffusion bonding. The individual wires 9 are likewise firmly connected together mechanically and electrically by thermal diffusion bonding. Some residues of insulation of the individual wires 9 and/or of external insulation of the stranded wire 3 are apparent.
These residues make it apparent that the insulation is removed only during thermal diffusion bonding. Immediately prior to diffusion bonding the individual wires 9 are still surrounded by insulation 14. The insulation 14 melts during diffusion bonding, such that an electrical connection of the individual wires 9 may be produced. The stranded wire 3 may also still have the external insulation 8 immediately prior to the diffusion bonding. This insulation 8 also melts during diffusion bonding, so enabling electrical connection of the stranded wire 3 with the enclosure piece 4.
The process of shaping the enclosure piece 4 and the entire terminal region 2 by exerting external pressure is apparent from the incompletely round external geometry. It is apparent in particular from edges 23, 24 visible at the bottom that the shape of the terminal region 2 is formed by compaction between a lower die and one or more upper dies. The edges 23, 24 reveal the boundaries between lower and upper dies.
The device 1 has four terminal regions 2, which project downwards from the support 6. The terminal regions 2 may be inserted into a printed circuit board 30 for PTH mounting, as shown in
Alternatively, the device 1 may also be mounted using surface mounting. To this end, the device 1 is arranged on a printed circuit board and the terminal regions 2 are attached by soldering to the printed circuit board. For this purpose, the terminal regions 2 may also be bent outwards or inwards. Bending may for example be produced prior to or during thermal diffusion bonding by a suitable forming tool.
Alternatively, electrical connection is also possible using a screw or clamp connection of the terminal region 2.
The terminal regions 2 may also serve as supporting legs on arrangement of the device 1 on a printed circuit board or another support.
The band piece 13 is for example cut from a metallic band. The band piece 13 is uniform in shape and thus does not have differently shaped regions. A particularly space-saving terminal region 2 may be formed using such a band piece 13. As material, the band piece 13 for example comprises copper, brass, bronze or an alloy of such materials. The band piece 13 is formed from a uniform material and does not have any regions of different materials.
The band piece 13 is bent around the stranded wire 3. To this end, for example, the arrangement is inserted into a crimping device and the band piece 13 is introduced and bent around the stranded wire 3 through the exertion of force (see arrows). In the process, marginal zones 10, 11 of the band piece 13 are laid on top of one another.
Such a band piece 13 or the enclosure piece 4 formed therefrom is conventionally known as a “splice crimp”. The enclosure piece 4 differs from a prefabricated sleeve, into which one or more conductors are inserted. The present enclosure piece 4 acquires its sleeve shape only during arrangement thereof around the stranded wire 3. The stranded wire 3 is thus not inserted into the enclosure piece 4.
Force (see arrows) is exerted from at least one side onto the arrangement 25 of stranded wire 3 and enclosure piece 4. To this end, for example, a compaction tool with a plurality of stamps 16, 17, 18, 19 is used. For example, the arrangement of stranded wire 3 and enclosure piece 4 rests on the lower stamp 19. The arrangement 25 may for example also be held between two stamps 17, 19.
The contact surfaces 26, 27, 28, 29 of the stamps 16, 17, 18, 19 against the enclosure piece 4 determine the outer contour of the terminal region 2. The stamps 16, 17, 18, 19 may each have flat contact surfaces 26, 27, 28, 29, such that the terminal region 2 has flat side faces. The stamps 16, 17, 18, 19 may also have rounded contact surfaces 26, 27, 28, 29, such that the terminal region 2 has correspondingly rounded outer contours. The stamps 16, 17, 18, 19 may also have a combination of flat and rounded contact surfaces 26, 27, 28, 29. The stamps 16, 17, 18, 19 may for example exert pressure simultaneously or one after the other.
During compression the arrangement 25 of stranded wire 3 and enclosure piece 4 is heated. In the process, electrodes 20, 21 are for example applied against opposing sides of the enclosure piece 4. The electrodes 20, 21 may be integrated into the compaction tool. Due to the ohmic resistance of the insulation 8, 14, the stranded wire 3 heats up (“resistance welding”), such that the insulation 8, 14 melts, as indicated here by dashed boundaries. In the process, the insulation 8, 14 evaporates at least in part. The insulation 8, 14 is largely removed from the individual wires 9. All that may remain is locally molten residues of the insulation 8, 14.
The continuous application of pressure results in closure of any cavities which arise inter alia through melting of the insulation 8, 14, and the terminal region 2 adopts a compact shape. Compaction is enabled inter alia by a growing overlap between the marginal zones 10, 11. Under the applied pressure and the elevated temperature the exposed individual wires 9 are permanently electrically and mechanically connected together and with the enclosure piece 4 by thermal diffusion bonding. The method may also be denoted as hot crimping or diffusion welding.
The terminal region 2 is filled within the enclosure piece 4 completely or almost completely with the material of the individual wires 9.
In a further method step the projecting region of the free end 15 of the stranded wire 3 may be detached, such that the enclosure piece 4 terminates flush with the stranded wire 3. An end region of the enclosure piece 4 may also be detached at the same time.
The described method enables good electrical conductivity to be achieved with a high mechanical connection strength. In addition, the method enables simple, readily controllable production of an electrical terminal for the device 1, such that the connection can be produced at low cost and within a short time.
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| 102017121924.2 | Sep 2017 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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| PCT/EP2018/075485 | 9/20/2018 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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| WO2019/057828 | 3/28/2019 | WO | A |
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