1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) pattern structure, a method of manufacturing the same, and a security product using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a microwave bandgap (MBG) structure or an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is realized on a microstrip, and is multipurposely used to improve the performance of antennas, improve the power efficiency of amplifiers, realize the high Q of resonators, prevent the harmonic components of resonators, design new-type duplexers, and the like. The electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure, which is applied to a microstrip circuit, is manufactured by perforating a dielectric substrate, etching its grounded surface to have repeated shapes, deforming microstrip lines or the like.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic bandgap pattern structure which can create various security codes, and a method of manufacturing the same.
An aspect of the present invention provides an electromagnetic bandgap pattern structure, including: a nonconductive substrate; and a pattern assembly formed on the substrate and including regularly arranged closed-loop patterns and open-loop patterns both of which are made of a conductive material.
Here, the pattern assembly may further include bar patterns which are made of conductive material and are regularly arranged in combination with the closed-loop patterns or the open-loop patterns.
Further, the conductive material may include at least one selected from Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni and Fe.
Further, the substrate may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, polyester synthetic paper, and a metal thin film.
Further, the pattern assembly may be resonated in a predetermined frequency band, and a resonance frequency value of the pattern assembly may be changed depending on permittivity of the substrate, line width and length of the closed-loop patterns and the open-loop patterns, intervals between the closed-loop patterns and the open-loop patterns, or gap size of the open-loop patterns.
Further, each of the closed-loop patterns and the open-loop patterns may have a quadrangular shape, each of the open-loop patterns may have a gap formed in any one direction of four directions, and the pattern assembly may be resonated in a predetermined frequency band and is resonated one or more times in the direction of the gap formed in each of the quadrangular open-loop patterns.
Further, the pattern assembly may be resonated in a predetermined frequency band, and a resonance frequency value of the pattern assembly may be changed depending on permittivity of the substrate, line width and length of the closed-loop patterns and the open-loop patterns, intervals between the closed-loop patterns and the open-loop patterns, gap size of the open-loop patterns or length of the bar patterns.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an EBG pattern structure, including the steps of: attaching a photosensitive film on a substrate coated with a conductive material layer and then attaching a negative photosensitive film provided with an EBG pattern on the photosensitive film; exposing the photosensitive film attached with the negative photosensitive film; developing the exposed photosensitive film to form the EBG pattern thereon; and partially etching the conductive material layer formed on the substrate using the developed photosensitive film to form the EBG pattern made of the conductive material on the substrate.
Here, the conductive material layer may be a thin film made of at least one selected from Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni and Fe.
Further, the substrate may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, and polyester synthetic paper.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an EBG pattern structure, including the steps of: fabricating a mask provided with an EBG pattern using a screen plate; closely adhering the mask onto a substrate and then applying a conductive material on the substrate through the mask; and baking the substrate coated with the conductive material to form the EBG pattern made of the conductive material on the substrate.
Here, the conductive material may be conductive ink containing at least one selected from Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni and Fe.
Further, the substrate may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, and polyester synthetic paper.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an EBG pattern structure, including the steps of: forming an EBG pattern made of a conductive material on a substrate using ink-jet printing; and baking the EBG pattern formed on the substrate.
Here, the conductive material may be conductive ink containing at least one selected from Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni and Fe.
Further, the substrate may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, and polyester synthetic paper.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a security product for inquiring ID and preventing forgery, including the above electromagnetic bandgap pattern structure.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to
The substrate 10, which is a nonconductor, may be a dielectric substrate having a permittivity (∈r) of 2˜5. Further, the substrate 10 may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, polyester synthetic paper, and a metal thin film.
The pattern assembly 20 is formed on the substrate 10, and includes closed-loop patterns and open-loop patterns both of which are made of a conductive material. That is, the pattern assembly 20 includes closed-loop patterns 20a, each of which does not have a gap which is a line-cut portion, and open-loop patterns 20b, each of which has the gap. These closed-loop patterns 20a and open-loop patterns 20b are regularly arranged. Here, closed-loop patterns 20a and open-loop patterns 20b may have various shapes, such as a circle, a quadrangle, a polygon and the like.
Meanwhile, the substrate may further include bar patterns 20c made of a conductive material thereon. The bar patterns 20c may be regularly arranged in combination with the closed-loop patterns 20a or the open-loop patterns 20b.
The conductive material used to form the closed-loop patterns 20a, open-loop patterns 20b and bar patterns 20c may include a metal component, such as Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni Fe, or the like. Finally, the EBG pattern structure including the substrate 10 and the pattern assembly 20 may be fabricated in the form of a card whose upper surface is provided with a printing layer and whose lower surface is provided with a protective layer.
The EBG pattern structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the closed-loop patterns 20a and open-loop patterns 20b, which are capacitively loaded patterns, as a unit cell. These closed-loop patterns 20a and open-loop patterns 20b are regularly arranged on the substrate 10. The EBG pattern structure approximates to an LC resonance circuit, and exhibits reflection and transmission characteristics at a predetermined frequency band by resonance. The EBG pattern structure can be used to create a security code using the reflection and transmission characteristics thereof.
At the time of resonation of the pattern assembly 20, as represented by Mathematical Equation 1 below, the resonance frequency value thereof is determined by equivalent inductance (L) and equivalent capacitance (C).
In resonance frequency (f0), Examples of variables changing the values of equivalent inductance (L) and equivalent capacitance (C) may include permittivity (∈r) of the substrate 10, width 21 and length of line constituting the closed-loop pattern 20a or the open-loop pattern 20b, intervals 23 between loop patterns, gap size 25 of the open-loop pattern 20b, length 27 of the bar pattern 20c, and the like.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the change of resonance frequency value was observed while changing the respective variables.
In the graphs shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Further, the frequency transmission characteristics of the security product can be changed depending on the positions of patterns. That is, as shown in
In addition, in order to change the resonance frequency value (f0) a part of the pattern may be made of a nonconductive material.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the EBG pattern structure includes square loop patterns, and the frequency characteristics of the EBG pattern structure are observed while changing the directions of the gaps of the open-loop patterns 20b. In experiments, since the EBG pattern structure is composed of square patterns, the gaps of the open-loop patterns 20b are formed in any one direction of upper, lower, left and right directions. As a result, depending on the directions of the gaps, the EBG pattern shows a ‘Single Band’ characteristic in which its resonance frequency appears once as shown in
Therefore, the EBG pattern structure according to an embodiment of the present invention can obtain various resonance frequency values by adjusting such variables as permittivity (∈r) of a substrate, size of gap, width of pattern, position of pattern, and the like, and can various band characteristics depending on the direction of gap.
These frequency characteristics of the EBG pattern structure can be used to create various EBG security codes. That is, when the output values of the EBG pattern structure in a predetermined frequency band are analyzed, the occurrence of resonance is indicated by ‘0 ’, and the nonoccurrence of resonance is indicated by ‘1 ’, thereby creating the EBG security codes. For example, in the case where the EBG pattern structure according to the present invention exhibits frequency blocking characteristics as shown in
The EBG pattern structure including the substrate 10 and the pattern assembly 20 can be used to manufacture security products for inquiring ID and preventing forgery. Examples of the security products may include securities, ID cards and security cards embedded with the EBG pattern structure.
Hereinafter, methods of manufacturing an EBG pattern structure according to preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The methods of manufacturing an EBG pattern structure according to preferred embodiments of the present invention are performed using etching, screen printing and ink-jet printing.
A photosensitive film is attached on a substrate coated with a conductive material layer, and a negative photosensitive film provided with an EBG pattern is attached on the photosensitive film. Here, the EBG pattern may be the pattern assembly 20, shown in
Subsequently, the substrate attached with the photosensitive film is exposed and developed to form desired patterns on the substrate. The conductive material layer which is not masked by the photosensitive film is partially etched. Thereafter, the unnecessary photosensitive film is removed from the substrate, thereby forming an EBG pattern made of a conductive material on the substrate.
In order to evaluate the transmission and reflection characteristics of the EBG pattern to specific frequency, as shown in
First, as shown
Subsequently, the photosensitive film attached with the negative photosensitive film was exposed by a Xenon lamp (6 KW) for 50˜120 seconds, and was then developed and etched, thereby forming an EBG pattern made of copper (Cu) on the substrate, as shown in
The frequency characteristics of the EBG pattern formed in this way were evaluated. As a result, it was found that the EBG pattern blocked a frequency of 9.52˜11.46 GHz in a frequency band of 8˜12 GHz.
As shown in (b)+(b)′ of
First, a mask provided with an EBG pattern is fabricated using a screen plate.
Subsequently, the mask adheres closely onto a substrate, and then a conductive material is applied on the substrate through the mask. Here, the conductive material may be conductive ink containing at least one selected from Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni and Fe. Further, the substrate may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, and polyester synthetic paper.
Finally, the substrate coated with the conductive material is baked by UV or hot air, thus repeatedly forming a plurality of EBG patterns on the substrate.
First, a mask provided with an EBG pattern was fabricated using a screen plate. A method of fabricating the mask is described as follows. First, a photosensitive solution was applied on a screen plate (300 mesh) and sufficiently dried, and then a positive film provided with an EBG pattern was attached to the dried screen plate coated with the photosensitive solution. In this case, loop patterns constituting the EBG pattern were formed into square patterns. Each of the square patterns had a side of 3.55 mm, a gap of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm, and interval between the square patterns was 0.5 mm. Subsequently, the screen plate attached with the positive film was exposed by a Xenon lamp (6 KW) for 180˜200 seconds, and was then washed by spraying water, thereby fabricating a mask provided with an EBG pattern, as shown in
Thereafter, the mask provided with the EBG pattern was disposed on a polycarbonate (PC) sheet having a permittivity of 3.3266, and then conductive ink was applied on the PC sheet, thereby printing the EBG pattern on the PC sheet. Subsequently, the conductive ink applied on the PC sheet was baked at a temperature of 130˜150° C. for 20 minutes, thus forming the EBG pattern shown in
The frequency characteristics of the EBG pattern formed in this way were evaluated. As a result, it was found that the EBG pattern blocked a frequency of 8˜11.4 GHz in a frequency band of 8˜12 GHz.
In this method, an EBG pattern is formed by printing the EBG pattern on a substrate using an ink-jet printer and then baking the printed EBG pattern. Here, the conductive material used in this method may be conductive ink containing at least one selected from Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni and Fe. Further, the substrate may be formed of any one selected from paper, a polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheet, a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sheet, a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) sheet, a sheet made of a mixture of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a sheet made of a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) resin and a glycol-modified polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) resin, and polyester synthetic paper.
First, a PC sheet having a permittivity of 3.3266 was provided as a printing paper, and then an EBG pattern was printed on the PC sheet using an ink-jet printer (Xenjet 3000), thus forming the EBG pattern shown in
The frequency characteristics of the EBG pattern formed in this way were evaluated. As a result, it was found that the EBG pattern blocked a frequency of 9.07˜11.72 GHz in a frequency band of 8˜12 GHz.
As described above, the EBG pattern structure according to the present invention can be used to manufacture new security products by applying its frequency characteristics to securities or IDs.
Further, the EBG pattern structure of the present invention can be variously used in security technologies for preventing forgery and alteration because various security codes can be created by adjusting the variables of the EBG pattern structure.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Simple modifications, additions and substitutions of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention, and the specific scope of the present invention will be clearly defined by the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10-2009-0045159 | May 2009 | KR | national |