BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1A and 1B are representations of a prior art cylinder lock and a door lock, respectively;
FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross sectional side views of the cylinder lock shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B;
FIG. 3 is an end view and a cross sectional view of a cylinder lock with magnetic displacement of the pin-tumbler set, in accordance with of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an end view and a cross sectional view of the cylinder lock of FIG. 3 with magnetic displacement of the pin-tumbler set, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are end and cross sectional views, respectively of the cylinder lock of FIG. 3, with artificial muscle displacement of the pin-tumbler set showing an unlocked and locked state, respectively, in accordance with of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 6A-C are cross-sectional, representative, and cross sectional views, respectively, of the cylinder lock of FIG. 3, having a mechanical linkage assembly displacement of the pin-tumblers and having a cylindrical plug rotational handle, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic illustrations of a modified cylindrical plug and the key, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 8A-F are schematic illustrations of exemplary configurations of a modified cylindrical plug, an inhibitor, and the inhibitor assembled onto the modified cylindrical plug, of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 9A-C are top, side and sectional views, and isometric illustrations including partially sectional views, respectively of a cylinder lock a selector mechanism, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 are isometric illustrations including partially sectional views of the cylinder plugs and the selector mechanism of FIGS. 9A-C.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention includes a lock apparatus that may be opened with or without a key and methods thereof.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 3, 4, 5A, 5B, and, which are end and cross sectional views of cylinder lock 110, and to FIGS. 6A-C, which are cross-sectional, representative, and cross sectional views, respectively, of cylinder lock 110, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Apart from differences described below, cylinder lock 110 is generally similar to operation of cylinder lock 10 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, so that elements indicated by the same reference numerals are generally identical in configuration and operation. Embodiments of the current invention disclosed hereinbelow are directed to be generally replaceable to cylinder lock 10 and/or retrofittable to cylinder lock 10 in door lock 15 shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B.
A pin displacement mechanism 136 is located in body housing 20 to displace tumbler pins 32 and driver pins 34. Pin displacement mechanism 136 comprises one or more configurations as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6C, to preload driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 towards slot 25 when no key is present, thereby advancing part of one or more of driver pins 34 into cylindrical plug 22 and locking rotation of cylindrical plug 22. Alternatively, pin displacement mechanism 136 may be activated to displace driver pins 34 into body housing 20, thereby aligning them so as to enable rotation of the cylindrical plug, even when no key is inserted into slot 25.
The term “axial” and “axially”, as used hereinbelow and in the claims is meant to describe a configuration generally parallel to an axis. Additionally, the terms “open” and “closed, when used hereinbelow and in the claims in reference to a state of the cylinder lock, are meant to describe the respective states whereby plug rotation is enabled and disabled.
Pin displacement mechanism 136 may comprise a magnetic unit 138, as shown in FIG. 3. Magnetic unit 138 includes a series of rotatable permanent magnets (of which one is shown in the figure), corresponding to respective driver pins 34. Dependant on the respective polarities of the individual magnets, respective magnets serve to displace respective driver pins towards and away from slot 25. Polarities of respective magnets of magnetic unit 138 may be configured in a non-uniform configuration to obviate magnetic “picking” of cylinder lock 110, such as when an external magnetic field is applied to tile cylinder, in an attempt to open the cylinder lock. Magnetic unit 138 includes a driver (not shown in the figure) for rotating respective magnets.
Pin displacement mechanism 136 may alternatively comprise an electro-magnetic unit 146, as shown in FIG. 4. Driver pin displacement functionality of electromagnetic unit 146 is generally similar to that described hereinabove for magnetic unit 138, except that respective electro-magnets remain stationary. Polarities of respective electromagnets of electro-magnetic unit 146 may be changed and configured in a non-uniform configuration to obviate magnetic “picking” of cylinder lock 110, such as when all external magnetic field is applied to the cylinder, in an attempt to open the cylinder lock. Magnetic unit 138 includes connections (not shown in tile figure) for operating tile respective electro-magnets.
Another configuration of the pin displacement mechanism may be that of an artificial muscle unit 156, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, showing respective locked and unlocked configurations of cylinder lock 110 Artificial muscle unit 156 may comprise one or more respective artificial muscles, which can individually displace one or more respective driver pins towards and away from slot 25. Artificial muscle unit 156 includes connections (not shown in the figure) for operation.
Pin displacement mechanism 136 may alternatively be a mechanical linkage 160, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6C. In the example shown here, mechanical linkage 160 comprises: a pin driver arm 164, which is Formed with tooth-like formation of respective plungers on one transverse edge of the arm, serving to contact corresponding driver pins; a linear driving arm 166 constrained to move generally parallel to the axis of cylindrical plug 22 and shaped to bear upon pin driver arm 164; and a linkage driver unit 167 which effects movement of linear driving arm 166.
Pin driver arm 164 and linear driving arm 166 are configured to enable controlled displacement of driver pins 34, enabling locking and unlocking, as described hereinbelow. Pin driver arm 164 is constrained to move only towards or away from slot 25, thereby displacing corresponding driver pins towards or away from slot 25. The opposite transverse edge of pin driver arm 164 facing linear driving arm 166 has one or more diagonally formed bearing surfaces. Pin driver arm 164 has corresponding diagonal bearing surfaces along its upper transverse surface to bear upon the surfaces of pill driver 164. Linkage driver unit 167 may comprise a linkage attached to a rotary motor, as shown in the figure. An alternative configuration for linkage driver unit 167 is a linear motor. Yet another alternative configuration for linkage driver unit 167 is an artificial muscle. Locked and unlocked configurations are shown in FIG. 6C.
Activation of pin displacement mechanism 136 as described hereinabove may be effected by direct wiring to a power and command unit outside of cylinder lock 110. Alternatively, power for the pin displacement mechanism operation may be obtained from at least one on-board battery and activation may be through a wireless means. One example of wired and wireless activation is through a small number pad located near cylinder lock 110.
The embodiments described hereinabove allow for opening cylinder lock 110 and rotating the cylinder plug with a matching key, in a manner similar to that of a prior art cylinder lock, if necessary. However, when no key is present in slot 25 and pin displacement mechanism 136 is commanded to open cylinder lock 110, there must be a means with which to similarly rotate cylindrical plug 22 and thereby open the door.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 6A-C, which are cross-sectional, representative, and cross sectional views, respectively, of the cylinder lock of FIG. 3, with a cylindrical plug rotational handle 169, in accordance with of an embodiment of the present invention. Rotational handle 169 is mechanically attached to the exterior edge of cylindrical plug 22. The rotational handle has a flattened wide shape and a hinge which allows rotational handle 169 to be deployed generally axially to cylinder lock 110, thereby enabling rotation of opened cylindrical plug 22 in a manner similar to that of when a key is inserted into the cylinder lock. When not in use, rotational handle 169 is stowed substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of cylinder lock 110, allowing access of a key to be inserted into slot 25.
Note that the slot in cylinder lock 110, as shown in the end views of FIGS. 3 and 4 and in FIG. 5A, extends radially from approximately the center of cylindrical plug 22 to the periphery of the cylindrical plug, presenting an opening of the slot facing body housing 20. As noted hereinabove, driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 move generally perpendicular to key 12, and likewise perpendicularly to slot 25 When a matching key is inserted into cylinder lock 110 (thereby displacing driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 to allow rotation of the plug as described hereinabove), the key is then rotated, thus rotating cylindrical plug 22. As cylindrical plug 22 is rotated, tumbler pins 32 are retained within the cylindrical plug by body housing 20 and driver pins 34 are retained in position within body housing 20 by the cylinder plug. Upon further rotation of cylinder plug, whereby slot 25 is presented to driver pins 34, driver 34 pins continue to be retained due to the presence of the key in the slot.
When no key is present in slot 25 and pin displacement mechanism 136 is commanded to displace driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 to allow rotation of the plug, cylindrical plug 22 may be rotated as described hereinabove Upon further rotation of the cylindrical plug, tie opening of slot 25 may be presented to driver pins 34. Although no key is present in the slot, driver pins 34 are nonetheless retained in position by pin displacement mechanism 136, as described hereinabove. However, if pin displacement mechanism 136 is presently commanded to displace driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 to disallow rotation of the plug, driver pins 34 may be undesirably driven into the opening of slot 25, thereby disrupting rotation of cylindrical plug 22. Similarly, when pin displacement mechanism 136 is commanded to displace driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 to allow rotation of the plug (i.e., with no key present, as described above), and following partial rotation of plug 22 (without the opening of slot 25 being presented to driver pins 34) displacement mechanism 136 may be presently commanded to displace driver pins 34 and tumbler pins 32 to disallow rotation of the plug. In this case, because driver pins 34 are retained in position within body housing 20 by the cylinder plug, rotation of the cylinder plug will still be allowed. Depending on the relative rotational position of the cylindrical plug, further rotation of the cylinder plug ill this case will result in either engaging driver pins 34 with tumbler pins 32 (thereby disallowing rotation of the cylinder plug, as desired) or in driver pins 34 being undesirably driven into the opening of slot 25, thereby disrupting rotation of cylindrical plug 22 as noted hereinabove. A solution to the undesirable disruption of rotation is described hereinbelow.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 7A and 7B, which are schematic illustrations of a modified cylindrical plug 222 and key 12, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Note that modified cylindrical plug 222 is formed so that slot 225 does not present an opening at the periphery of the cylindrical plug, in contradistinction to the slot in cylindrical plug 22, as shown in the end views of FIGS. 3 and 4 and in Fig, 5A, as previously noted. Modified cylindrical plug 222 may be used in embodiments described hereinabove of cylinder lock 110, in place of cylindrical plug 22, thereby obviating the problem of disruption of rotation previously noted. Sectional view B-B of FIG. 7B further illustrates that slot 225 does not present an opening at the periphery Of the cylindrical plug. Openings 231 are also shown in modified cylindrical plug 222, for passage of the driver pins and the pin-tumblers.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 8A-F, which are schematic illustrations of exemplary configurations of a modified cylindrical plug 222A and 222B—both having slot opening 26, an inhibitor 240 and 240A, and the respective inhibitors assembled onto the respective modified cylindrical plugs, of an embodiment of the present invention Apart from difference described below, elements indicated by the same reference numerals of previous figures are generally identical in configuration and operation In the configuration shown in FIGS. 8A-C cylindrical plug 222A has been machined or otherwise formed to reduce its diameter along much of it length to leave a ridge 238 along tile length of the cylindrical plug and a/lip 239 at one end of the cylindrical plug. Inhibitor 240 is typically formed from a thin, strong, metallic material and comprises openings 241, which are formed to substantially match and align with openings 231, and a space 242, which is formed to substantially match and mate with ridge 238. The thickness of the material forming inhibitor 240 is chosen so that when the inhibitor is 1fitted onto cylindrical plug 222A, the periphery of the inhibitor, ridge 238, and lip 239 are all substantially flush. As shown in the FIGS. 6B and 8C, inhibitor 240 is formed to fit snugly about the periphery of cylindrical plug 222A and is maintained in position on the cylindrical plug by ridge 238, and lip 239.
Referring to the configuration shown in FIGS. 8D-F, cylindrical plug 222B has been machined or otherwise formed to reduce its diameter along much of it length to leave a.lip 239 at one end. Inhibitor 240A is similar to inhibitor 240 described hereinabove except that inhibitor 240 without tile space, presenting a complete peripheral surface. Inhibitor 240A is formed to fit snugly about the periphery of cylindrical plug 222A, having openings 241, which are formed to substantially match and align with openings 231. Inhibitor 240A is maintained in position on the cylindrical plug by lip 239.
It should be noted that any configuration similar to the configurations of modified cylindrical plugs 222A and 222B and inhibitors 240 and 240A, respectively, allowing effective covering of slot opening 26, while not inhibiting movement of driver pins 34 into and out of openings 231, and allowing substantially free rotation of the modified plug within tile cylinder body serves to solve the problem of disruption of rotation described hereinabove.
As noted hereinabove, rotating tongue 35 (refer to FIGS. 2A, 3, 5B, and 6C) may be rotated by either of the cylindrical plugs when the cylinder lock is unlocked. The rotation may be controlled by means of a typical clutch mechanism, as known in the art. The control of rotation is advantageous, for example, in the case of a “blind cylinder”, where the blind end of the cylinder lock is typically towards the “inside”, meaning the side of the door which is not typically locked with a key. In the case of a conventional blind cylinder, the mechanism is designed to primarily allow rotation of the rotating tongue by the cylindrical plug from the inside, meaning the rotating tongue may be engaged when the cylinder lock is turned (unlocked) from the inside, even when the other cylindrical plug (outside) of the cylinder lock may be locked. When the outside cylindrical plug of a conventional cylinder lock is opened with a key, the key serves to engage the clutch mechanism so rotation of the rotating tongue by the cylindrical plug may be accomplished from the outside. However, because cylinder lock 110, as described above, may be opened without the use of key 12, a different clutch mechanism is employed, as described hereinbelow.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 9A-C and to FIG. 10, which are top, side, and detailed sectional views, and isometric illustrations including partially sectional views, respectively, of a cylindrical plug assembly 301 and a selector mechanism 305, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Apart from differences described below, cylindrical plug assembly 301 comprises, inter alia, cylindrical plug 22 and second cylindrical plug 31, as shown in FIGS. 2-6, so that elements indicated by the same reference numerals in FIGS. 9A-C and FIG. 10 are generally identical in configuration and operation Selector mechanism 305 functions to alternately allow rotation of rotating tongue 35 by plug 22 or by plug 31. Selector mechanism 305 comprises a selector plunger 306, a key-side drive block 340, a blind-side drive block 341, a selector plunger face plate 355, a coil spring 360, key bearing plate 364, and a leaf spring 366. Key-side drive block 340 and blind-side drive block 341 are positioned generally concentrically to rotating tongue 35, and they are radially constrained at the interior axial end of their respective plugs and may move in an axial direction, as indicated in FIGS. 9C and 10. Both drive blocks have two projecting drive tabs 368, oriented typically 180 degrees from one another, whose purpose is to engage and rotate rotating tongue 35. Leaf spring 366 serves to bias, key-side drive block 340 and blind-side drive block 341 towards the blind side of the cylinder lock (as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9C) so that if cylindrical plug 22 is open (i.e. the driver pins have been aligned to allow rotation of the cylindrical plug, as described in embodiments hereinabove and by using a matching key), key-side drive block 340 is normally engaged to allow rotation of the rotating tongue. If it is desired to engage and rotate rotating tongue 35 from the blind side of the cylinder lock, selector plunger 306 is depressed towards plug 31 Selector plunger face plate 355, which is connected to selector plunger 306, translates blind-side drive block 341 axially towards and against key-side drive block 340, which in turn compresses leaf spring 366. The resultant axial translation of blind-side drive block 341 engages it to allow rotation of the rotating tongue by cylindrical plug 31. At the same time, key-side drive block 340 is disengaged Selector plunger 306 may activated manually, as described hereinabove, and it may be activated by electronic means, such as a motor, in which case it may also be commanded remotely, such as by a wire or wireless connection.
Selector mechanism 305 may operated so that the selector plunger is depressed and plug 31 rotates the rotating tongue. However, if the selector plunger is released before the engaged blind-side drive block 341 is returned to its initial radial orientation, it is possible that the selector mechanism may be inadvertently held in a configuration with blind-side block 341 engaged, thereby disengaging key-side block 340. Should it then be desirable to engage key-side block 340, it would not be possible to do this due to the preload of tile leaf spring, maintaining blind-side block 341 in its engaged position.
A solution to this problem is afforded by the structure of key-side block 340, as shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C and 10. Block slot 372 extends radially from the periphery of key side block 340, positioned typically 90 degrees from the projecting drive tabs, as shown. The block slot is formed to align with slot 25. When the key is inserted into slot 25, in addition to serving to allow rotation of the cylindrical plug as described hereinabove, the end of the key enters the block slot and bears upon key bearing plate 364, which is preloaded by coil spring 360, serving to urge key-side block 340 against blind-side block 341. Rotation of the key presently serves to rotate both key-side block 340 and blind-side block 341. The blind-side block may thereby be disengaged by rotating the key back and forth as necessary, typically approximately 30 degrees in each direction. Following this, key side block 341 is engaged and may rotate rotating tongue as described hereinabove.
Whereas the cylindrical plug assembly shown in FIGS. 3-10 has tumbler pins 32 and driver pins 34 pins and a blind end, embodiments described hereinabove are likewise applicable for a cylindrical plug with tumbler and driver pin sets at both ends, mutatis mutandis. Whereas references hereinabove have been made to a cylinder lock as typically used in a door, embodiments of the current invention are likewise applicable to any configuration wherein a cylinder lock is typically applied. Such configurations may include, but are not limited to: drawers, windows, safes, gates, etc
It will be appreciated that the above descriptions are intended only to serve as examples, and that many other embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Patent Application
20080053174
