Patent Application
20060028167
The present invention relates to a system and method for charging and heating a battery within a vehicle.
As commonly known, rechargeable batteries have been used for electrical energy storage in a wide range of vehicle applications. In the case of vehicles having regenerative braking, the application of the brakes by a vehicle operator causes energy, that would otherwise be lost as heat, to be fed into a battery for recharging. Once the vehicle begins accelerating again the battery may be utilized as a power source to aid vehicle acceleration. However, it is known that battery performance is affected by the battery's internal and ambient temperatures. Particularly in cold climates, the battery's ability to accept a charge becomes increasingly more difficult as the temperature decreases. As a result, the vehicle suffers from a diminished recovery of braking energy in cold climates. Additionally, in a cold temperature environment, the ability of the battery to supply power to various vehicle systems and/or components is negatively impacted. In the case of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles, insufficient battery performance is of even greater importance in that the battery in such vehicles may be utilized as a primary energy source to enable motive force. In such applications, to improve the battery performance in these vehicles, the battery's temperature must be elevated to within an acceptable operating temperature range.
Accordingly, in some conventional systems, designers have incorporated battery heaters and/or developed systems that are capable of applying electric current to the battery thereby elevating the battery temperature. However, these systems have several disadvantages. For instance, these systems are incapable of adequately proportioning energy within the system for charging the battery and heating the battery. Additionally, with the conventional systems, energy produced through the use of a regenerative braking system is not optimally proportioned to heat and/or charge the battery within an acceptable period of time.
The present invention was conceived in view of these and other disadvantages of conventional vehicle energy management systems. It improves the overall vehicle efficiency i.e. fuel economy, by allowing the battery to be used sooner in the drive cycle in colder climates as it utilizes the braking energy that would otherwise be dissipated as heat in the friction brakes. It also has the benefit of improving the overall life of the friction brakes.
The present invention discloses a system and method for efficient management of energy within a vehicle wherein the vehicle includes a battery and a motor. The method comprises generating electrical energy through the use of the motor and determining the battery charge limit, which is a function of battery state of charge, battery temperature and total regenerative energy available. The method further includes applying electrical energy from the motor to the battery to simultaneously charge and heat the battery when the total regenerative energy available is greater than the battery charge limit and the battery temperature is greater than a lower charge efficiency temperature but less than an upper charge efficiency temperature. The method further discloses applying electrical energy from the motor to the battery to heat the battery when the battery temperature is less than a lower charge efficiency temperature. Additionally, the method includes applying electrical energy from the motor to the battery to charge the battery when the battery temperature is greater than the upper charge efficiency temperature.
An energy management system is also provided which includes a battery configured to receive electrical energy and a motor capable of generating electrical energy. The energy management system further includes an energy management device that is operable with the battery and motor and configured to determine the battery temperature and battery state of charge. The energy management device is also configured to generate signals based on the determined battery charge limit, which is a function of battery state of charge, battery temperature and total regenerative energy available to effect simultaneous charging and heating of the battery. The energy management device also generates signals for simultaneous charging and heating of the battery when the total regenerative energy available is greater than the battery charge limit and the battery temperature is greater than a lower charge efficiency temperature but also less than an upper charge efficiency temperature. The system property further includes the energy management device being capable of generating signals for heating of the battery when the battery temperature is less than a lower charge efficiency temperature.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the appendant claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Referring to
It is recognized that vehicle 12 may be an electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, or a fuel cell electric vehicle having regenerative braking functionality. Accordingly, energy management device 20 is adapted to process signals from motor 16 and temperature sensor 24 for determination of the charging and/or heating requirements of battery 26. In some embodiments, battery 26 may be a lead-acid type battery, a nickel metal hydride type battery, or a lithium-ion type battery. In either embodiment, vehicle 12, through the use of energy management device 20, heater 22, and temperature sensor 24 is configured to determine the temperature and battery charge limit of battery 26. Accordingly, upon determination of the battery temperature, battery charge limit and total regenerative energy available of battery 26, energy management device 20 is capable of diverting electrical energy produced by motor 16 to battery 26 for charging and/or heater 22 for heating the battery.
Now referring to
A heating mode is indicated by bracket 30 wherein Eregen 38 is diverted by energy management device 20 to heater 22 for heating of battery 26. A partial heating and charging mode is indicated by bracket 32 wherein energy management device 20 diverts electrical energy produced by motor 26 to heater 22 for heating of battery 26 and to battery 26 for charging. Accordingly, the electrical energy from motor 16 is proportioned to simultaneous charge and heat battery 26. A charging mode is indicated by bracket 34 wherein energy management device 20 diverts electrical energy produced by motor 16 to battery 26 for charging.
As shown in
Referring to
As described in the foregoing, energy management device 20 is configured to receive and process signals from temperature sensor 24, motor 16 and battery 26 for determining the battery temperature, the total regenerative energy available, and the battery charge limit. As such, at a step 46, the method determines whether the battery temperature is less than the lower charge efficiency temperature. When the battery temperature is less than the lower charge efficiency temperature, electrical energy from the motor is diverted to heater 22, which generates heat that is applied to battery 26 as indicated by block 48. If the battery temperature is greater than the lower efficiency temperature, a step 50 occurs wherein the method determines whether the total regenerative energy available is greater than the battery charge limit and whether the battery temperature is less than the upper charge efficiency temperature. If the total regenerative energy available is greater than the battery charge limit and the battery temperature is less than the upper charge efficiency temperature, a step 52 occurs wherein the battery is simultaneously charged and heated. Where either the total regenerative energy available is less than the battery charge limit or the battery temperature is greater than the upper charge efficiency temperature, a step 54 occurs where electrical energy produced by the motor is directed to the battery for charging.
Accordingly, the performance of the battery is improved as regenerative braking energy is optimally proportioned to heat and/or charge the battery pack within an optimal time period. Also, overall vehicle efficiency is maximized as the energy that would otherwise be dissipated as heat in a conventional friction brake system is recovered through the use of the regenerative braking system, and is used as a power source to provide charging and/or heating for the battery.
While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments, and equivalents thereof for practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/590,749 filed Jul. 23, 2004, entitled “METHOD FOR MANAGING REGENERATIVE BRAKING ENERGY FOR CHARGING AND HEATING THE BATTERY PACK IN AN EV, HEV, FCEV,” the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60590749 | Jul 2004 | US |
