The present disclosure relates to utility vehicles. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an enhanced visibility system for utility vehicles.
Utility vehicles, such as loaders, motor graders, tractors, bulldozers, feller bunchers, crawlers, excavators, and skidders, include work tools that are configured to perform material handling functions. For example, a loader may include a bucket that is configured to move dirt and other materials. During operation, various components of the utility vehicle may obstruct an operator's view. Such obstructions may include, for example, a boom structure configured to operate the work tool, the work tool itself, a hood of the utility vehicle, a door of the utility vehicle, a part of the chassis, a wheel or tire, or a roll-over protective structure (ROPS).
The present disclosure provides an enhanced visibility system for utility vehicles. The visibility system may enhance an operator's view from the utility vehicle by making an obstruction appear transparent to the operator.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a utility vehicle is provided. The utility vehicle includes a chassis, at least one ground engaging mechanism configured to propel the chassis over the ground, an operator station supported by the chassis, a work tool configured to move relative to the chassis to move material, and an obstruction positioned between the operator station and the work tool. The utility vehicle also includes at least one camera configured to capture an image of an item positioned beyond the obstruction of the utility vehicle, the obstruction being positioned between the operator station and the item, and a display configured to display at least a portion of the captured image.
According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of enhancing an operator's visibility from a utility vehicle is provided. The utility vehicle includes an obstruction. The method including the steps of providing a display having an outer perimeter, capturing an image of an item, the obstruction of the utility vehicle positioned between the display and the item, providing at least one vantage point of an operator of the utility vehicle, creating a viewing projection from the at least one vantage point through the display, identifying at least a portion of the captured image located within the viewing projection, generating a modified image that includes the identified portion of the captured image, and displaying the modified image on the display.
According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of enhancing an operator's visibility from a utility vehicle is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a utility vehicle including a chassis, a work tool configured to move relative to the chassis to move material, and an obstruction, providing a display having an outer perimeter, capturing an image of a scene positioned beyond the obstruction of the utility vehicle, providing at least one vantage point of an operator of the utility vehicle, identifying a portion of the scene visible from the at least one vantage point and through the display, creating a modified image from the captured image that includes the identified portion of the scene, and displaying the modified image on the display.
The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this disclosure, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the disclosure itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
Loader 10 also includes loader assembly 16. As shown in
An operator controls the functions of loader 10, including ground engaging mechanism 14 and loader assembly 16, from operator station 22. When facing forward in operator station 22 to operate loader 10, the operator's line of sight, represented schematically as arrow 24, also extends forward from operator station 22. As shown in
Referring next to
To enhance the operator's view from operator station 22, the present disclosure provides an enhanced visibility system for loader 10. An exemplary visibility system is illustrated schematically in
Referring to
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in
First, image 110 of area 102 is captured by camera 106. Like area 102 itself, captured image 110 of area 102 corresponds to a location beyond obstruction 104. For example, captured image 110 of area 102 may correspond to a location in the image plane of camera 106, which lies beyond obstruction 104 and perpendicular the optical axis of camera 106. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, captured image 110 is a video image. It is also within the scope of the present disclosure that captured image 110 may be a still image. Therefore, camera 106 may include, for example, a digital still camera, such as a digital still camera that is capable of capturing a high number of images or frames per second, an analog video camera, a digital video camera, a Webcam, or another suitable image capturing device.
Captured image 110 may be an actual image captured directly by camera 106, or captured image 110 may be a virtual image. For example, a “video view interpolation” technique may be used to construct a virtual image by combining a plurality of images captured by an array of individual cameras. Using a plurality of cameras may provide more flexibility as to camera placement. For example, if only a single camera is used, the camera may have to be positioned in a confined location or a location that is exposed to harsh environmental conditions so that the camera is able to capture an unobstructed image. On the other hand, if multiple cameras are used, the cameras may avoid placement in confined or exposed locations, because each camera may be responsible for capturing a part of the final virtual image.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, captured image 110 is stored in processor 200, as shown in
Next, captured image 110 is located relative to display 108. Captured image 110 and display 108 may be placed on a coordinate grid to locate captured image 110 relative to the display 108, including, for example, the distance between the components and the relative orientation of the components. The location of captured image 110 may be fixed relative to display 108. For example, if the location of camera 106 is fixed relative to display 108, and the location of captured image 110 is fixed relative to camera 106, the location of captured image 110 will be fixed relative to display 108. Alternatively, the location of captured image 110 relative to display 108 may vary. For example, if display 108 is a portable, handheld device, the location of captured image 110 relative to display 108 may vary. The relative location of captured image 110 may be determined using intrinsic settings of camera 106, laser range finding technology, sonar range finding technology, stereoscopic technology, or light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology, for example.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, processor 200 may be used to locate captured image 110 relative to display 108. For example, processor 200 may receive inputs from camera 106 and display 108 to locate captured image 110 relative to display 108.
Next, observer 120 is located relative to display 108. More particularly, at least one vantage point 100 of observer 120 is located relative to display 108. Vantage point 100 and display 108 may be placed on a coordinate grid, such as the same coordinate grid that also includes captured image 110, to locate vantage point 100 relative to display 108. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, locating vantage point 100 relative to display 108 may involve performing a ray tracing method. For example, referring back to
The visibility system of the present disclosure may further include a suitable sensor 202 to track movement of observer 120 relative to display 108, as shown in
If necessary, observer 120 may wear a sensor target. For example, observer 120 may wear reflective spheres or reflective tape to be targeted and detected by an active optical sensor. As another example, observer 120 may wear at least one infrared light emitting diode (LED) to be detected by an infrared sensor. An exemplary visibility system utilizes a Wii™ Remote, which is generally available from Nintendo of America Inc., as the infrared sensor to detect movement of a Wii™ sensor bar mounted to safety glasses worn by observer 120, the Wii™ sensor bar having a plurality of infrared LED's. Other exemplary detection systems do not require that observer 120 wear a sensor target. For example, the visibility system may utilize feature recognition cameras and software, such as the ZCam™ camera generally available from 3DV Systems. As another example, the visibility system may utilize pupil-tracking products or face-tracking products, such as TrackIR™ products generally available from NaturalPoint, Inc.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, locating observer 120 relative to display 108 is performed using processor 200, as shown in
Based on the relative positions of captured image 110, vantage point 100, and display 108, modified image 112 is created from captured image 110. As shown in
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in
As vantage point 100 changes, identified portion 111 of captured image 110 may also change such that display 108 displaying modified image 112 functions as a virtual window. For example, when a person approaches an ordinary glass window, the person's field of view through the window increases. Thus, as observer 120 approaches display 108 in a direction substantially perpendicular to display 108, the size of identified portion 111 of captured image 110 increases such that observer 120 sees more of area 102 in modified image 112 on display 108. Similarly, when a person moves away from an ordinary glass window, the person's field of view through the window decreases. Thus, as observer 120 moves away from display 108 in a direction substantially perpendicular to display 108, the size of identified portion 111 of captured image 110 decreases such that observer 120 sees less of area 102 in modified image 112 on display 108. As another example, when a person moves to the right side of an ordinary glass window, the person's field of view to the left of the window increases, and vice versa. Thus, as shown by comparing
In an embodiment, creating modified image 112 may involve adjusting the settings or position of camera 106. For example, camera 106 may be zoomed in/out, panned up/down, panned left/right, and/or tilted, to produce modified image 112. Camera 106 may be adjusted mechanically, such as by utilizing a servo-driven, gimbal-mounted camera, for example. Alternatively, camera 106 may be adjusted digitally, such as by utilizing a camera with digital pan and zoom features. Such digital cameras may utilize digital signal processors (DSP's) and are generally available from suppliers such as KT&C USA, Inc. These adjustments to camera 106 may be directed by processor 200.
In another embodiment, creating modified image 112 may involve altering captured image 110 itself For example, if captured image 110 is a virtual image, such as a virtual image stored in processor 200, a suitable software program may be used to zoom in/out of the virtual image, pan up/down over the virtual image, pan left/right over the virtual image, and/or rotate the virtual image, to show only identified portion 111 of captured image 110. For example, by mapping the virtual captured image 110 onto a virtual planar surface, zoom and pan features available in a CAD software program may be used to create modified image 112.
Creating modified image 112 may also involve performing a “texture mapping” algorithm. Referring to
Finally, modified image 112 is displayed on display 108, as shown in
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, display 108 may be a static device. In one embodiment, display 108 is capable of generating an image. For example, display 108 may include a television monitor, a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor, a light-emitting diode (LED) monitor, a thin-film transistor (TFT) monitor, a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor, a heads up display, or a head mounted display. In another embodiment, display 108 is capable of reflecting an image generated by another source. For example, display 108 may include a projection surface or any other retro-reflective surface. Display 108 may also include a three-dimensional display, such as a three-dimensional display that utilizes multi-camera interlaced images and lenticular surfaces.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, display 108 may be a portable device. For example, display 108 may include a monitor of a portable electronic device, such as the monitor of a cellular telephone or a personal digital assistant (PDA). An exemplary portable electronic device includes an iPhone™ generally available from Apple Inc.
Display 108 may include a non-rectangular viewing surface and/or a non-planar viewing surface. For example, display 108 may include a flexible display that is configured to be wrapped around a non-planar surface. An exemplary display is the Flexible Organic LED (FOLED™) generally available from Universal Display Corporation. It is within the scope of the present disclosure that a flexible display, such as the FOLED™, may be wrapped around obstruction 104 itself The above-mentioned “texture mapping” algorithms may be performed to ensure that modified image 112 displayed on the flexible, wrapped display 108 appears proportionate and realistic to observer 120.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, processor 200 may be used to store modified image 112 and transmit modified image 112 to display 108, as shown in
An enhanced visibility system, such as the visibility system described above and illustrated schematically in
The visibility system of the present disclosure may provide the operator of loader 10 with a realistic image along line of sight 24, because display 32 may function like a virtual window from loader 10. For example, a forward-facing operator may drive loader 10 and operate work tool 20 while looking through display 32. In contrast, a forward-facing automobile driver viewing a back-up camera must mentally translate and manipulate the forward-displayed image to its actual, rearward location.
Also, the visibility system of the present disclosure may improve the operator's confidence and productivity. By reducing or eliminating visual obstructions, the operator may have an improved view of the ground 15, work tool 20, load 26, and other vehicles, for example. Therefore, the operator's accuracy and efficiency may improve. In addition, the operator may be able to work in otherwise adverse conditions, such as during the night using, for example, infrared illumination.
Further, the visibility system of the present disclosure may reduce the costs of manufacturing and operating loader 10. For example, the visibility system of the present disclosure may reduce or eliminate the need for windows on loader 10. As a result, the heat load on operator station 22 may decrease, allowing smaller coolers and fans to be used in operator station 22. Also, the need for windshield wipers may be avoided.
An enhanced visibility system was installed in a John Deere utility vehicle and evaluated. The visibility system included a Microsoft LifeCam 6000 camera and a Philips™ 17″ flat screen computer monitor. The visibility system also included a Wii™ Remote to track the position of the vehicle operator. The components of the visibility system communicated with a dual-core processing computer utilizing Microsoft DirectX™ software.
While this invention has been described as having preferred designs, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.