Error logging for automatic apparatus

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
U.S. Pat. No. 4,170,414 (assigned to the same assignee as the present case) is incorporated by reference and hereinafter referred to as Reference '414.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to error logging particularly to logging errors of a transient nature.
The proper analysis of machine errors provides an early indication of machine malfunctions. For example, when a part wears beyond its tolerance, it begins to cause malfunctions which increase in frequency until there is a complete breakdown. Some machine errors occur, however, which are not caused by machine failures but rather by improper input material or operator error. These errors are of a transient nature and tend to disappear over a period of time. Logging of such errors can provide a misleading indication which increases maintenance cost because of the unnecessary replacement of parts and the use of the maintenance personnel time.
An example of such errors is paper handling errors that occur in copier systems. A special error logging for paper handling errors is desirable for several reasons. Paper handling errors are more prevalent than others and have a wider variety of causes. One cause is the sensitivity of paper handling systems which must be designed to handle a wide range of paper types and sizes. Another cause is the variance of paper quality and changes in characteristics caused by varying humidity. Another cause is the operator's failing to observe certain precautions or not following instructions. Paper handling errors have an erratic occurrence with long periods of no errors and many errors in a short period.
Errors can be integrated over a period of time determined by the number of attempts to perform an event. In the paper handling case, for example, the errors might be integrated over every one thousand paper commands. If paper handling errors are being caused by a faulty ream of paper, it would be characteristic that a number of errors would occur over a short period of time followed by a period of no errors after a ream of good paper was loaded in the machine.
It is undesirable for such transient errors to accumulate over a period of time because they provide misleading indications of machine performance. It is, therefore, desirable to have an error logging scheme which integrates errors over a period of time and which has a long memory and short recovery period.
BACKGROUND ART
A defect monitor is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,408,486 which utilizes a reversible counter for counting up when counting rejects and for counting down when counting nondefectives. For the purposes discussed above, the system according to the patent recovers too slowly and provides only a short history of defective items.
An error log system for electrostatographic machines is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,062,061. A fault flag array is scanned, having a flag associated with each operating component so that in case of failure, a cumulative error count related to each flag is incremented. Such an error logging system merely counts the number of errors and does not provide for integration or recovery.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, a control system, supplying command signals to initiate system functions and having means for producing error signals that indicate malfunctions of the system, provides a control signal after a given number of command signals have been supplied. An error counter responds to error signals to provide a count value representing the total number of error signals which have occurred. There is also provided a sensing means that produces a value signal when the error count exceeds a given value. An exception counter is incremented by the control signal whenever the value count signal is present and resets the exception counter when the value signal is not present.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart outlining the operation according to the invention.
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are flowcharts showing the details of a program for implementing the invention.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are flowcharts showing a second routine for implementing the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Two types of machine failures can be considered--hard failures and soft failures. A hard failure is considered to be of the type which requires an immediate stop of the machine and the intervention of an operator or service personnel to correct the cause before the machine can be restarted. In a copier system, for example, a hard error would be a paper jam which leaves papers in the paper transport path. A soft failure is one which does not require the machine to stop but which allows the machine to continue by retrying the failed event. An example of a soft error is a failure to feed a copy sheet in a copier system, a failure which can be ignored and retried a given number of times. Such an error can be caused by improper paper, improper paper handling such as failure of the operator to align the paper, and so on, and not a malfunction of the machine per se.
The logging scheme to be disclosed counts exceptions. The exception count is the number of consecutive times that the error count, accumulated over a given number of operations, exceeds a given criterion. The number of operations is called an accumulation interval and may be different for each error.
An error count is provided, of course, for each type of error expected to be encountered or of interest. The errors are not accumulated during maintenance activities unless specifically activated. In one embodiment, it will be seen that when the exception count reaches fifteen, it is frozen.
In FIG. 1, a limit register 10 contains the given number of operations over which the errors are to be accumulated. A counter 11 is incremented by each command signal and its count is compared with that of the limit register 10 in a comparator 12.
A criterion register 15 holds the criterion value and an error counter 14 accumulates the number of errors associated with the command signal. A second comparator 16 compares the value of the error counter 14 with that of the criterion register 15 and produces an output signal when the error count is not less than the value in the criterion register and another signal when it is.
The output signal from the comparator 12 is generated when the command counter value is equal to the value in the limit register 10. The equality signal (control signal) from the comparator 12 primes two AND gates 17 and 18 which have as their other input the two signals from the comparator 16, respectively.
If the error count value is not less than the criterion value, the AND gate 18 is activated, incrementing an exception counter 19. If the error counter value is less than the criterion value, the AND gate 17 is activated, clearing the exception counter 19.
A delay device 13 provides a reset signal for the command counter 17, and the error counter 14 after each accumulation interval.
An exception counter according to the invention has been described in connection with FIG. 1. The logic devices represented by the blocks are commercially available and well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
In a computer controlled environment, however, it is desirable to practice the invention using a general purpose programmed computer or microprocessor. For example, where the machine control is accomplished by a programmed processor, the above-described logging routine according to the invention is preferably practiced using the same processor.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart depicting the sequence of steps of the invention.
At the step 20, two counters M and N are reset to zero. The counter M represents the command counter and the counter N represents the error counter. At the step 21, a check is made to determine whether a command has issued. If not, the check step is repeated. When a command has been issued, the step 22 is performed which increments the command counter M by a value of one. At the step 23, a determination is made whether an error occurred. If so, at the step 24 the error counter N is also incremented by one. If no error occurred or after the error counter has been incremented, at the step 25, a determination is made whether the command counter value M is equal to a limit value. If not, the program returns to the step 21. If the limit of the command counter M has been reached at the step 25, then at the step 28, a determination is made whether the value of N, the error count, is less than the criterion. If so, then at the step 26, the exception counter is cleared to zero. On the other hand, at the step 28 if the value of the error count N is not less than the criteria, then at the step 27, the exception counter is incremented by a value of one. After the steps 26 and 27, the program returns to the step 20, clearing the command and error counts and repeating the process described above. The program of FIG. 2 is suitable for a single error counter. An actual machine, however, usually requires the logging of several different types of errors. This requires interaction and also requires that the error logging be arranged so that the machine can continue to control the machine. Therefore, the program is divided into two separate routines called CELOG and CEXCHK, the former for logging the errors and the second for maintaining the counts and checking the errors. The first routine, CELOG, is flowcharted in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 and shown in detail in the following program Table I.
Reference '414 shows the details of a microprocessor suitable for incorporating the invention in the form to be described. The reference and the Appendix A provide the necessary detail to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention as disclosed.
The CELOG routine logs all the identified machine error conditions into the memory for use by the second routine. The CELOG routine is called with the error number to be logged in the low byte of the accumulator. If logging is active, this number is used to construct the address of the status log control table entry associated with the error number. As noted above, logging is inactive in the CE or maintenance mode unless specifically activated.
If the error is a paper handling error, and therefore among the first entries in the table, a counter associated with this error is incremented once for each occurrence of that error in the accumulation period until fifteen occurrences have been logged at which point the counter is frozen. Separate counters are maintained by this program for hard and soft error conditions.
If the error is a history error (or in another embodiment, a nonpaper handling error), it is logged in a six-deep history stack, that is, a last-in/first-out register with a maximum of six locations which implies that only the last six errors are available in the stack. The history stack is over-log protected. An error will not be logged two or more times in a row unless there have been fifteen intervening attempts to log that error. The over-log protection is reset when the current error is different from the previous error number. All errors are logged in another six-deep error stack having no over-log protection. The last attempted log error number is always saved even when logging is inactive or if the error number is invalid.
If an interrupt occurs during an error log and, during the interrupt another call to the program is made, the first error number is saved and the logging of the original error continues after the interrupt. When the first log is completed, the interrupt error is processed. This interrupt protection is valid only from certain modules which are not essential to an understanding of the invention.
The status log control table used with the program to be explained below have entries as follows. In the first byte, the bits zero and one identify counters associated with the error to be logged. Bit two is not used. Bit three is used, when set, to indicate that an alternate criterion byte is available in the memory. That is, more than one criterion can be used, the table entry indicating when the alternate criterion is active. The fourth bit, when set, indicates that an error message associated with the error to be logged is in the special message table. The fifth bit indicates, when set, that the error is a paper handling error; bit six, a soft error; and bit seven, a hard error.
The second byte gives the relative address of the error message associated with the error.
The third byte is the relative address of the log counter associated with the error. This byte forms the lower byte of the complete address of the counter, the other address portion being supplied by bits zero and one of the first byte as noted above.
The fourth byte is divided into two hexadecimal characters, the low order indicating the number of 256 copy attempts between exception updates. The high order hexadecimal digit is the criterion to be used in exception updating, unless an alternate criterion has been specified. If an error can be either hard or soft, the soft error limit and criteria are defined in this byte which apply only to the first (hard) error type.
The fifth byte operates the same as the fourth byte except it pertains to the second type of error.
The counters in the memory for logging the error occurrences and count exception are organized as follows. The first byte is divided into two hexadecimal digits, the low digit being the exception counter for a soft error and the higher digit being the error occurrence counter for a hard error. Bit three of this byte is set if alternate criterion have been established for the associated error.
The second byte is organized the same as the first byte but related to the hard error type. The third byte contains the alternate criterion, the lower hexadecimal digit being the altered criterion for the first error type and the high order digit, for the second error type.
The abbreviations used are identified in Appendix B.
The reference numerals of the steps in the following flowcharts relate to corresponding line labels in the program tables. The reference numerals in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are independent from those in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
In FIG. 6, the first step 353 of the routine saves the current error number and sets the inhibit interrupt flag. Next, the step 365 tests to determine whether the maintenance mode is active. If so, the step 371 determines whether the error log is to be active. If not, the routine is exited; otherwise, the program resumes at the step 403 where the current error number is transferred to the pending error byte.
Next, by the step 411 it is determined whether a log is in progress by checking the pending error register for a nonzero value. If another log is in process, the new error number is saved and the routine is exited; otherwise, the program continues at the step 418 where the inhibit flag is reset and the error number is stored.
At the step 456, it is determined whether the error is a paper handling error. If not, then at the step 488, the index is set up for a nonpaper handling error; otherwise, at the step 466, the index is set up for a paper handling error. Next, the step 499 sets the pointer and fetches the flag byte.
The connector indicates that the program continues on FIG. 7 where at the step 539 a branch is taken depending on whether the error was a paper handling error. In the case of a paper handling error, the pointer to the error log which was set at the previous step 499, is incremented by the step 548. If this is a hard error and a soft error exists, as determined by the steps 574, the soft error count is decremented and the pointer is advanced to the hard error counter. If the steps tested in the step 574 are not true, the step 590 is skipped and the step 613 is performed to increment the error count.
The step 627 determines whether the error count is not greater than fifteen. If so, then at the step 636, the error counter is stored. Thus, if the error count has reached fifteen, the count is frozen.
After the error count has been taken care of, the program continues with the step 652 and the previous steps would have been skipped if not a paper handling error as determined by the step 539. The step 652 determines whether the error should be stored in the history file. If not, the program continues at the location indicated in FIG. 8. Otherwise, the history entry is checked by the step 691 to see whether it is the same entry. If not, then by the step 716 the over-log count is cleared to zero; otherwise, at the step 704 the over-log count is decremented. Next, the step 718 clears the upper byte and stores the over-log count. Then the error is pushed onto the stack by the step 732 if the error log count is equal to zero as determined by the step 726. Otherwise, the step is skipped and the program continues as indicated in FIG. 8.
If FIG. 8, the step 772 determines whether the present hard error was the same as the preceding soft error. If not, then the step 809 pushes the error on the "last six" stack; otherwise, the step 798 changes the last stack error to a hard error. Next, the step 847 determines whether there is a pending error. If not, the pending error is cleared and the routine is exited. If there is a pending error, then at the step 874 the last call is logged and the routine is exited.
PROGRAM TABLE I: CELOG__________________________________________________________________________STMT SOURCE STATEMENT__________________________________________________________________________349 CELOG18 DC *350 1. DISABLE INTERRUPTS AND351 SAVE THE CURRENT ERROR NUMBER;353 GI GRP18+INTOFF356 STB LASTCALL358 1. IF IN (CE MODE -AND- CE359 ERROR LOGGING HAS BEEN360 SELECTED) -OR- NOT IN CE MODE362 LR CFLAGS365 TP CMODEF368 JNZ CELOG18371 TP CRUN374 JZ CELOG2378 CELOG18 DC *380 TRA382 TP CLOGERS385 BZ CELOG9387 1. THEN388 2. TEST FOR LOG IN PROGRESS389 AND STORE THE CURRENT390 ERROR IN THE PENDING ERROR BYTE;393 CELOG2 DC *395 LB PENDERR398 CI ZERO401 CLA403 LB LASTCALL406561 NI CMSARA3564 STB PENDERR408 2. IF THERE IS NO UNDERLYING409 LOG IN PROCESS411 BNZ CELOG9413 2. THEN414 3. ENABLE INTERRUPTS AND415 SAVE THE ERROR NUMBER;418 CELOG22 DC *420 GI GRP18+INTON423 STR DIAGWKO426 TR HARDERR429 STR DIAGWK2453 3. IF THE ERROR CORRE-454 SPONDING TO THE NUMBER IS A PAPER HANDLING ERROR456 Cl FIRSTNPH459 BNL CELOG25461 3. THEN462 4. CALCULATE THE INDEX463 TO THE STATUS LOG464 CONTROL TABLE FOR465 THIS PAPER HAN- DLING ENTRY (5 X ERROR# - 5); STR DIAGWK2466 SHLM 2472 AR DIAGWK2475 SI FIVE478 J CELOG28481 3. ELSE482 4. CALCULATE THE INDEX483 TO THE STATUS LOG484 CONTROL TABLE FOR485 THIS NON PAPER HAN- DLING ERROR (2 X ERR# - 2 + NCC OFF- SET);488 CELOG25 DC *490 SHL492 AI NPHOFSET-TWO494 3. ENDIF;495 3. ADD INDEX TO TABLE START496 TO GET ENTRY ADDRESS FOR THIS CALL;499 CELOG28 DC *501 STR DIAGWK2503 LA STATSLOG512 AR DIAGWK2515 STR DIAGWK2517 3. GET THE FLAG BYTE;519 LN DIAGWK2532 3. SAVE THE FLAG BYTE;534 STB DIAGWKOH536 3. IF THIS ERROR IS A537 PAPER HANDLING ERROR539 TP PAPRERR542 BZ CELOG4544 3. THEN545 4. POINT TO THE ERROR546 LOG BASIC ADDRESS;548 LR DIAGWK2551 AI TWO554 STR DIAGWK2556 4. CONSTRUCT THE ERROR LOG ADDRESS;558 LB DIAGWKOH561 NI CISARA3564 TRA566 LN DIAGWK2569 STR DIAGWK2571 4. IF THIS IS A HARD572 ERROR AND A SOFT ERROR TABLE ENTRY EXISTS574 LR DIAGWKO577 TP HARDERR580 JZ CELOG3583 TRA585 TP SOFTERR588 JZ CELOG3590 4. THEN591 5. DECREMENT THE SOFT592 ERROR COUNTER;594 LN DIAGWK2597 SI HEX10600 STN DIAGWK2602 5. INCREMENT THE ERROR603 COUNT POINTER TO604 THE HARD ERROR (SECOND) COUNTER;606 LRB DIAGWK2608 4. ENDIF;609 4. ADD ONE TO THE ERROR610 COUNTER (HIGH NIP);613 CELOG3 DC *615 CLA617 LN DIAGWK2620 AI HEX10623 TRA624 4. IF THE COUNT IS LESS625 THAN OR EQUAL TO 15627 TP BITO630 BNZ CELOG6632 4. THEN633 5. STORE THE INCRE-634 MENTED ERROR COUNTER;636 TRA638 STN DIAGWK2641 B CELOG6644 4. ENDIF;645 3. ELSE646 4. IF THIS IS A NON-647 PAPER HANDLING648 ERROR WHICH IS TO649 BE LOGGED IN THE HISTORY (OVERLOG PROTECTED) STACK652 CELOG4 DC *671 LR DIAGWKO674 TRA676 TP HISTERR678 SRG GRP20684 BZ CELOG6686 4. THEN687 5. IF THIS ERROR IS688 THE SAME AS THE689 LAST ENTRY IN THE HISTORY LOG691 TRA693 CB EPOLOGIL696 CLA698 JNE CELOG5700 5. THEN701 6. LOAD AND DECRE-702 MENT THE OVER- LOG COUNTER;704 LB OVLOGCNT707 SI708 5. ELSE709 6. RETAIN A ZERO710 COUNT (FROM THE PREVIOUS CLEAR;711 5. ENDIF;712 5. CLEAR THE HIGH NIP713 AND STORE THE OVERLOG COUNT;716 CELOG5 DC *718 NI HEXOF721 STB OVLOGCNT723 5. IF THE CURRENT724 OVERLOG COUNT IS ZERO726 JNZ CELOG6728 5. THEN729 6. PUSH THIS ERROR730 INTO THE HIS- TORY STACK;732 CELOGBP LR EPOLOG3735 TRA737 LB EPOLOG2H740 STR EPOLOG3743 LR EPOLOG2746 TRA748 LB EPOLOG1H751 STR EPOLOG2754 LR EPOLOG1757 TRA759 LB DIAGWKOL762 STR EPOLOG1764 5. ENDIF;765 4. ENDIF;766 3. ENDIF;767 3. IF THE CURRENT ERROR768 IS A HARD VERSION OF769 THE SOFT ERROR IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING IT772 CELOG6 DC *773 SRG GRP20779 LR LASTERR1782 TS HARDERR785 JNZ CELOG65788 CB DIAGWKOL791 JNE CELOG65793 3. THEN794 4. CHANGE THE LAST795 LOGGED ERROR (IN796 THE STACK OF SIX) TO A HARD ERROR;798 STR LASTERR1801 J CELOG7804 3. ELSE805 4. PUSH THE ERROR INTO806 THE LAST SIX ERRORS STACK;809 CELOG65 DC *811 LR LASTERR3814 TRA816 LB LASTER2H819 STR LASTERR3822 LR LASTERR2825 TRA827 LB LASTER1H830 STR LASTERR2833 LR LASTERR1836 TRA838 LB DIAGWKOL841 STR LASTERR1843 3. ENDIF;844 3. IF THERE IS A PENDING ERROR847 CELOG7 DC *849 GI GRP18+INTOFF852 CLA854 LR DIAGWKO857 CB PENDERR860 JE CELOG8862 3. THEN863 4. GO TO (CELOG22) LOG864 THE LAST EMITTER CALL BEFORE RETURNING;866 B CELOG22869 3. ELSE870 4. CLEAR THE PENDING871 ERROR/LOG IN PROGRESS INDICA- TION;874 CELOG8 DC *876 CLA878 STB PENDERR880 3. ENDIF;881 2. ENDIF;882 1. ENDIF;883 1. GET INTO REGISTER GROUP884 3 AND ENABLE INTERRUPTS;887 CELOG9 DC *889 GI GRP3+INTON891 1. IF CALLED BY AN EMITTER MODULE892 TPB EMITSTAT,EMITPROC900 JZ CELOG95902 1. THEN903 2. RETURN ON REGISTER 2;905 RTN R2908 1. ELSE909 2. RETURN ON REGISTER 0912 CELOG95 DC *914 RTN R0917 1. ENDIF;937 END SEGMENT (CELOG);__________________________________________________________________________
In the second routine, the CEXCHK program updates the error criterion exception counters. After every 256 copy attempts, an update of the error log is requested. When a standby state is subsequently entered, this module begins the update procedure. Each zero crossing of the power supply initiates a loop in which a single error log is updated until all the paper handling errors having a criterion have been processed.
In an update, the high byte of the copy attempt counter is compared with the update limit which is the number of 256 copy attempts between updates. The counter is divided by the limit and a zero remainder indicates the programmed number of blocks have elapsed and an update is indicated.
If an update is indicated, the criterion is fetched, normally from the status log table but it is possible to substitute an alternate criterion which is field programmable into the memory. The presence of the alternate criterion bit in the counter byte causes the alternate criterion to be loaded.
The number of errors since the last update is compared to the criterion. If the error count equals or exceeds the criterion, the exception count is incremented by one (up to a limit of fifteen). Otherwise, the exception counter is cleared. In both cases, the current error counter is cleared. If a zero criterion is encountered, then both the exception and error counts are cleared to zero. If the error being updated is of the dual type, both hard and soft, the hard error log is updated immediately after the soft error log. When the second update is completed or if there is only one error type, the module is exited.
When all error logs have been updated, the last exception counter is updated and the update request flag, set by the copy attempts counter, is reset. This routine is then bypassed for approximately 256 copy attempts. A copy attempt corresponds to the command described above.
The exceptions updating is inhibited when the machine is in the service mode and the service mode is inhibited while exceptions updating is active.
The memory counters used to log the errors and count exceptions are organized as follows. The low hexadecimal digit of the first byte is the exception counter for the first type of error and the high digit are the occurrence counters for the first type of error. If bit three is set, then an alternate criterion has been established for this error. The second byte is organized the same as the first byte for a second or hard type error.
Byte number three is the alternate criterion for the first error type.
The routine is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 and described in detail in the following program Table II. In FIG. 3, at the step 681, the routine is exited if in the service mode. Next, the step 698 determines whether the routine is in the first pass and, if so, inhibits the service mode by the step 706.
If the copies are a multiple of 2.sup.10, the pointer is initialized to the top of the log table by the step 731 and the step 742 causes the pointer to be advanced until a nonzero entry is found or until the last entry has been found. Then the step 781 clears the entry to zero and initializes the pointer to the status log. Next, the step 812 is performed, the previous steps being skipped if not in the first pass of the program. The step 812 advances the pointer and saves the flag byte. Next, the step 853 determines whether it is a dual type error. If so, it sets a flag indicating the first of two passes by the step 867 and otherwise continues on FIG. 4 as indicated.
In FIG. 4, the step 873 sets a first time flag and initializes the pointer to the error log. Next, at the step 915 the pointer is advanced to the criteria, the last exception count is fetched from memory, and the decision flag is cleared. In the step 935, the last update time count is incremented by one and the criterion is fetched. In the step 003, the last update is divided by the update count of the last update and, if the remainder is zero, then the update flag is set by the step 017. Otherwise, the program continues at the step 930 where a comparison is made to determine whether the last update time is equal to the current update count. If not, the program returns to the step 935 described above. If so, the update flag is checked by the step 042. If the update flag is set, then at the step 053, the error count and exception count are fetched from memory and the current error is stored. If the update flag was not set, the program continues at the step 249 which will be described below.
Next, at the step 071, it is determined whether an alternate criteria is to be used. If so, the first out of two pass flags is checked by the step 076 to determine whether the hard alternate criteria is to be fetched by the step 111. If the flag is set, the soft alternate criteria is fetched by the step 095. If the flag is reset, the hard alternate criteria is fetched by the step 111. Next, the step 122 determines whether the first time flag is set and if not, justifies the criteria by the step 142. If the alternate criteria is not to be used, then at the step 159, the standard criteria is fetched and the program continues at the decision step 178 which determines whether the criteria is not zero and the error count is not less than the criterion. If so, the exception count is checked to determine whether it is less than fifteen by the step 191. If so, then the exception count is incremented by the step 212.
If the criterion is zero or if the error count is less than the criteria, the exception count and the current error count are reset by the step 223.
Next, the step 236 is performed which clears the current error count and stores the updated count. Then the step 249 advances the error log pointer and resets the first time flag. Next, the step 270 determines whether all errors have been handled and if not, returns to the step 915 and the process described above is repeated. Otherwise, the program continues as indicated at FIG. 5.
In FIG. 5, the step 275 tests whether it is the last entry in the table. If so, then at the step 295 the check exception, the maintenance inhibit and the first pass flags are reset. Then the last exception count is updated and the program is exited at the step 332, the above steps being skipped if the last entry has not been processed as determined by the step 275.
PROGRAM TABLE II: CEXCHK__________________________________________________________________________STMT SOURCE STATEMENT__________________________________________________________________________661 CEXCHK DC *679 2. IF NOT IN CE MODE (RUN OR STANDBY)681 TRA683 TP CMODEF686 BNZ CEXCHKX689 TP CRUN692 BNZ CEXCHKX694 2. THEN695 3. IF THIS IS THE FIRST696 PASS THROUGH EXCEP- TION CHECKING698 TS CFIRCOM701 BNZ CEXCHK10703 3. THEN704 4. INHIBIT CE MODE;706 STR CFLAGS 29/34708 TSB CFLAG3,CEINHBIT 29/34717 4. IF THIS UPDATE IS718 OCCURRING ON AN INTEGER MULTIPLE OF 1024 COPIES720 LB EXCYCLEH723 NI HEX03726 BNZ CEXCHK7728 4. THEN729 5. LOAD THE ADDRESS730 OF THE END OF THE NPH SCAN TABLE;731 LA NPHLGTAB+5740 STR R10WK742 5. REPEAT743 6. ACCESS (IN744 DECENDING ORDER) ENTRIES IN THE NPH LOG;747 CEXCHK5 DC *749 LI HEX02752 TRA754 LN R10WK757 STR DIAGWK5760 LN DIAGWK5762 5. UNTIL THE ENTRY763 IS NON ZERO OR764 THE ENTIRE LOG HAS BEEN SCANNED766 CI ZERO769 JNE CEXCHK6772 LRD R10WK775 CIL NPHLGTAB-1778 JNE CEXCHK5780 5. ENDREPEAT;781 5. ZERO THE ADDRESSED LOG ENTRY;784 CEXCHK6 DC *786 CLA788 STN DIAGWK5790 4. ENDIF;791 4. INITIALIZE THE STATUS792 LOG TABLE POINTER;795 CEXCHK7 DC *796 LA STATSLOG-FIVE805 STR R10WK807 3. ENDIF;808 3. ADVANCE THE STATUS LOG809 TABLE POINTER TO THE NEXT ENTRY;812 CEXCHK10 DC *814 LR R10WK817 AI FIVE820 STR R10WK822 3. FETCH AND STORE THE823 FLAG BYTE OF THE CURRENT TABLE ENTRY;825 STR DIAGWK4828 LN DIAGWK4831 STR DIAGWK1849 3. IF THERE ARE TWO850 ERRORS (HARD AND851 SOFT) ASSOCIATED WITH THIS TABLE ENTRY853 OI P0(HARDERR,SOFTERR)858 LB CFLAG3861 BNL CEXCHK15863 3. THEN864 4. FLAG A FIRST PASS865 OF TWO CONDITION;867 TS CEX10F2869 3. ENDIF;870 3. SET A FIRST PASS;873 CEXCHK15 DC *875 TS CEXPASS1878 STB CFLAG3880 3. FETCH THE BASE ADDRESS881 OF THE FIRST ERROR LOG;883 LR DIAGWK4886 AI TWO889 STR DIAGWK4892 LN DIAGWK4894 3. CONSTRUCT THE COMPLETE895 FIRST ERROR LOG ADDRESS;897 TRA899 LB DIAGEK1L902 NI CMSARA3905 TRA907 STR DIAGWK3909 3. REPEAT910 4. POINT TO THE APPRO-911 PRIATE CRITERION912 ENTRY IN THE STA- TUS LOG TABLE;915 CEXCHK20 DC *917 LRB DIAGWK4919 4. LOAD THE LAST920 EXCEPTIONS CHECK921 COUNT AND CLEAR THE DECISION FLAG;923 CLA925 LB LASTEXCY928 STR DIAGWK5930 4. REPEAT931 5. BUMP THE LAST932 UPDATE TEMPO- RARY COUNTER;935 CEXCHK25 DC *937 LRB DIAGWK5939 5. STORE THE COUNT940 IN THE DIVIDEND REGISTER;942 TRA944 LI ZERO947 TRA948 SRG GRP19954 STR DIVIDEND956 5. FETCH THE CRITERION BYTE;957 SRG GRP18963 LN DIAGWK4965 5. RETAIN THE CRITERION966 UPDATE LIMIT ONLY;968 NI HEX0F970 5. CALL (DIVIDE) DIVIDE971 THE COPY COUNT972 (HIGH BYTE) BY THE UPDATE LIMIT;973 SRG GRP3979 BAL R0,DIVIDE981 5. RESET THE PROCESS MONITOR983 GI GRP0+INTOFF986 LB INTOUTM989 TS PROCCLR992 STB INTOUT995 TR PROCCLR998 STB INOUT000 5. IF THE REMAINDER001 AFTER DIVISION IS ZERO003 GI GRP18+INTON006 LB REMAINDL009 CI ZERO012 JNE CEXCHK30014 5. THEN015 6. FLAG A DECISION TO UPDATE;017 LI P(BIT7) 19/3021 STB DIAGWK5H023 5. ENDIF;024 4. UNTIL THE LAST UP-025 DATE COUNTER EQUALS026 THE CURRENT UP- DATE COUNTER029 CEXCHK30 DC *031 LR DIAGWK5034 CB EXCYCLEH037 BNE CEXCHK25039 4. ENDREPEAT;040 4. IF AN UPDATE IS INDICATED042 TRA044 TP BIT7047 BZ CEXCHK65049 4. THEN050 5. FETCH THE ERROR051 AND EXCEPTION COUNTERS;053 LN DIAGWK3055 5. STORE THE CURRENT056 ERROR COUNTER ONLY (HIGH NIP);058 SHR 19/3060 NI (HEXF0+ALTCRITM) 19/3063 TR ALTCRIT-1066 STR DIAGWK1068 5. IF AN ALTERNATE069 CRITERION IS BEING USED071 BZ CEXCHK45073 5. THEN074 6. IF THIS IS A075 FIRST PASS OF TWO THROUGH THE UPDATE LOOP076 TPB CFLAG3,CEX10F2084 LR DIAGWK3087 JZ CEXCHK35089 6. THEN090 7. POINT TO THE091 ALTERNATE092 CRITERION093 BYTE (TWO ABOVE THE CURRENT TABLE POINTER);095 AI TWO098 STR DIAGWK2101 J CEXCHK40104 6. ELSE105 7. POINT TO THE106 ALTERNATE107 CRITERION BYTE108 (ONE ABOVE THE CURRENT TABLE POINT- ER);111 CEXCHK35 DC *113 AI115 STR DIAGWK2117 6. ENDIF;118 6. TEST FOR SECOND119 PASS THROUGH THE UPDATE LOOP;122 CEXCHK40 DC *124 LB CFLAG3127 TP CEXPASS1129 6. LOAD THE ALTERNATE130 CRITERION BYTE;132 LN DIAGWK2134 6. IF THIS IS THE135 SECOND PASS THROUGH THE UPDATE LOOP137 JNZ CEXCHK50139 6. THEN140 7. LEFT JUSTIFY141 THE FIRST PASS ALTERNATE CRITERION;142 SHLM 4150 J CEXCHK50153 6. ENDIF;154 5. ELSE155 6. LOAD THE STAN-156 DARD CRITE- RION FOR THIS ERROR;159 CEXCHK45 DC *161 LN DIAGWK4163 5. ENDIF;164 5. RETAIN THE CRITE-165 RION COUNT ONLY (HIGH NIP);168 CEXCHK50 DC *170 SHR172 NI HEXF0/2174 5. IF THE CRITERION175 IS NOT ZERO AND176 THE ERROR COUNT EQUALS OR EXCEEDS THE CRITERION178 JZ CEXCHK55181 CB DIAGWK1L184 BH CEXCHK55186 5. THEN187 6. IF THE EXCEP-188 TION COUNTER IS NOT FULL (LESS THAN 15 )191 CEXCHK52 DC *193 LN DIAGWK3196 NI HEX0F-ALTCRITM199 LN DIAGWK3201 JL CEXCHK60208 6. THEN209 7. INCREMENT THE210 EXCEPTION COUNTER;212 AI214 J CEXCHK60217 6. ENDIF;218 5. ELSE219 6. CLEAR THE220 CURRENT ERROR AND EXCEPTION COUNTERS;223 CEXCHK55 DC *225 LN DIAGWK3228 NI P(ALTCRIT)231 5. ENDIF;232 5. CLEAR THE CURRENT233 ERRORS COUNTER (HIGH NIP);236 CEXCHK60 DC *238 NI HEX0F240 5. STORE THE UP- DATED COUNTER;242 STN DIAGWK3244 4. ENDIF;245 4. ADVANCE THE ERROR246 LOG COUNTER TO THE NEXT ENTRY;249 CEXCHK65 DC *251 LRB DIAGWK3253 4. RESET THE PASS 1 FLAG;255 LB CFLAG3258 TR CEXPASS1260 3. UNTIL ALL EROORS HAVE BEEN UPDATED262 TR CEX1OF2265 STB CFLAG3268 BNZ CEXCHK20270 3. ENDREPEAT;271 3. IF THE LAST TABLE ENTRY272 (HAVING A CRITERION) HAS BEEN PROCESSED275 CEXCHKD1 DC *276 LA STARTNPH-FIVE285 SR R10WK288 JNE CEXCHKX290 3. THEN291 4. RESET THE CHECK292 EXCEPTIONS,INHIBIT293 CE MODE,AND FIRST ENTRY COMPLETE FLAGS;295 LR CFLAGS298 TR CFIRCOM301 TRA303 TR CKEXCP306 TRA308 STR CFLAGS310 TRB CFLAG3,CEINHBIT319 4. UPDATE THE LAST320 EXCEPTIONS CHECK COUNTER;322 LB EXCYCLEH325 STB LASTEXCY327 3. ENDIF;328 2. ENDIF;329 1. ENDIF;332 CEXCHKX DC *333 END SEGMENT (CEXCHK);__________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX A__________________________________________________________________________INSTRUCTION HEXMNEMONIC VALUE NAME DESCRIPTION__________________________________________________________________________AB A4 Add Byte Adds addressed operand to ACCAI AC Add Immed. Adds address field to ACCAR DN Add Reg. Adds N-th register to ACCA1 2E Add One Adds 1 to ACCB 24,28,2C Branch Branch to LSB (+256,-256,.+-.0)BAL 30-33 Branch And Used to call subroutines LinkBE 35,39,3D Branch Equal Branches if EQ setBH 36,3A,3E Branch High Branch if EQ and LO are resetBNE 34,38,3C Branch Not Branch if EQ reset EqualBNL 37,3B,3F Branch Not Low Branch if LO resetCB A0 Compare Byte Addressed byte compared to ACCCI A8 Compare Immed. Address field compared to ACCCLA 25 Clear Acc. ACC reset to all zeroesGI A9 Group Immed. Selects one of 16 register groupsIC 2D Input Carry Generate carry into ALUIN 26 Input Read into ACC from addressed deviceJ 0N,1N Jump Jump forward or back using N-th registerJE 4N,5N Jump Equal Jump if EQ setJNE 6N,7N Jump Not Equal Jump if EQ resetLB A6 Load Byte Load addressed byte into ACCLDR FN Load/Decr.Reg. Load reg. N and decrement (N=0-3.8-B)LI AE Load Immed. Load address field into ACCLN 98-9F Load Indirect Load byte addressed by reg. N into ACCLR EN Load Register Load register N into ACCLRB FN Load Reg./ Load reg. N and increment Bump (N=4-7,C-F)NB A3 And Byte AND addressed byte into ACCNI AB And Immed. AND address field into ACCOB A7 Or Byte OR addressed byte into ACCOI AF Or Immed. OR address field into ACCOUT 27 Output Write ACC to addressed deviceRTN 20-23 Return Used to return to calling program (See BAL.)SB A2 Subtract Byte Subtract addressed byte from ACCSHL 2B Shift Left Shift ACC one bit leftSHR 2F Shift Right Shift ACC one bit rightSI AA Subtract Subtract address field from Immed. ACCSR CN Subtract Reg. Subtract reg. N from ACCSTB A1 Store Byte Store ACC at addressSTN B8-BF Store Indirect Load ACC at address in reg.STR 8N Store Reg. Store reg. N at addressS1 2A Subtract One Subtract 1 from ACCTP 9N Test/Preserve Test N-th bit in ACC (N=0-7)TR BN Test/Reset Test and reset N-th bit in ACCTRA 29 Transpose Interchange high and low ACC bytesXB A5 XOR Byte Exclusive OR addressed byte into ACCXI AD XOR Immed. Exclusive OR address field into ACC__________________________________________________________________________ Notes: ACC (Accumulator) is 16bit output register from arithmeticlogic unit all single byte operations are into low byte all byte and immediate operations are single byte operations register operations are 16bit (twobyte) EQ (equal) is a flag which is set: if ACC=0 after register AND or XOR operations; if ACC (low byte)=0 after single byte operation; if a tested bit is 0; if bits set by OR were all 0's; if input carry = 0; if compare operands are equal; if bit shifted out of ACC = 0; if 8th bit of data during IN or OUT = 0. LO (low) is a flag which is set: (always reset by IN, OUT, IC) if ACC bit 16=1 after register operation; if ACC bit 8=1 after single byte operations; if logic operation produces all ones; if all bits other than tested bit = 0; if ACC=0 after shift operation; if compare operand is greater than ACC low byte.
__________________________________________________________________________MACROMNEMONIC NAME DESCRIPTION__________________________________________________________________________BC Branch on Carry Branches if carry is setBL Branch on Low Branches if LO is setBNC Branch Not Carry Branches if carry is resetBNZ Branch Not Zero Branches if previous result was not zeroBR Branch via Reg- Same as RTN instruction isterBU Branch Uncondi- Same as BAL instruction tionallyCIL Compare Immed. Uses low byte of indicated constant Low in CI address fieldDC Define Constant Reserves space for constantJC Jump on Carry See BCJL Jump on Low See BLJNC Jump on No Carry See BNCLA Load Address Generates sequence LIH, TRA, LILLRD Load Reg. and Same as LDR instruction DecrementLIH Load Immed. High Uses high byte of constant in LI address fieldLIL Load Immed. Low Uses low byte of constant in LI address fieldNOP No Operation Dummy instruction - skippedRAL Rotate and Add Generates sequence SHL, IC, A1 LeftSHLM Shift Left Mul- Shifts specified number of times tiple to leftSHRM Shift Right Mul- Shifts specified number of times tiple to rightSRG Set Register Same as GI GroupTPB Test & Preserve Generates sequence LB, TP BitTRB Test & Reset Generates sequence LB, TR, STB BitTRMB Test & Reset Same as TRB but specifies multiple Multiple Bits bitsTS Test and Set Same as OI instructionTSB Test & Set Byte Same as TS but byte is specified in addition to bitTSMB Test & Set Mul- Same as TS but specifies multiple tiple Bytes Bits__________________________________________________________________________ NOTES: (Label) DC * causes the present location (*) to be associated with the label. L and H, in general, are suffixes indicating low or high byte when 16 bit operands are addressed.
APPENDIX B______________________________________ Abbreviations used:Operational (lower case) advance b increment (bump) c clear, zero d decrement (-1) f fetch, get g gate i initialize p store, put r reset s set u updateIdentifiers (upper case)CER current error CUP current update CT count CTR counter DIAGWD0 low byte error number DIAGWK1 used initially as flag byte from status log control table and subsequently as the current error counter DIAGWK2 status log table address DIAGWK3 counter address DIAGWK4 memory byte: current line of status log control table DIAGWK5 two-byte storage used as last exceptions update count (low byte) and update decision flag (high byte) ENB enable ERR error EXC exception EXCYCEH high byte of two-byte cycle counter FL flag HERR hard error INH inhibit LUT last update temporary LXCK last exception check NPH(ERR) nonpaper handling (error) PEB pending error byte PH(ERR) paper handling (error) R10WK address of first entry in status log control table corresponding to present error SERR soft error UPD update UPL update limit 1/2PASS first of two passes______________________________________
Various modifications to the systems and procedures described and illustrated to explain the concepts and modes of practicing the invention can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art while remaining within the principles and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Number	Name	Date
2679355	Savino	May 1954
3342981	Laishley	Sep 1967
3408486	Becker, Jr.	Oct 1968
3704363	Salmassy	Nov 1972
3746981	Stone	Jul 1973
4062061	Batchelor	Dec 1977
4145743	Diciurcio	Mar 1979

Error logging for automatic apparatus

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