Patent Application
20070125592
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system for reducing noise in an air flow structure.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various noise-reducing systems in air flow structures are known in the prior art. The prior art generally discloses noise-reducing systems that include an air duct that defines an air flow passage to convey an air flow having sound waves, and having a sensor that senses the sound waves to produce a noise signal in response to the sound waves. The prior art also discloses a driver that is responsive to the noise signal, and vibrates to attenuate the sound waves. An example of such a device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,791,869 (the '869 patent), which discloses a noise-reducing system that includes an actuator connected to a fan mounted inside an air duct. A sensor inside the air duct detects noise generated by the fan, and in response, the actuator vibrates the fan blade to dampen the noise.
The prior art systems, such as the system disclosed in the '869 patent, control noise in an air duct by manipulating the physical characteristics of the noise generating source. Specifically, the actuator in the '869 patent induces vibrations on the fan blade to overcome noise that is generated through turbulent air. The system disclosed by the '869 system only cancels noise generated in the system by the fan blade.
Although the noise-reducing systems of the prior art may be used in a variety of applications, an opportunity remains to develop noise-reducing systems to improve quality, reduce space, and reduce cost. In automotive HVAC systems, space and resources are limited. However, the systems disclosed by the prior art often require additional space for storing the various components relating to noise reduction, such as speakers. In addition, noise-reducing systems that use speakers require specific resources, such as audio systems, in order to operate. Customers of the automobile industry demand improvements in noise reduction and cancellation. Accordingly, luxury automobiles are marketed to feature components that reduce noise. An effective noise-reducing system significantly improves the perceived noise performance of the air flow system, which in turn improves the value of the automobile. Therefore, there is a continuing objective to improve the quality of the noise-reducing system and, at the same time, provide a noise-reducing system that is less cost and space prohibitive.
The subject invention provides for a system for reducing noise in an air flow structure. The system includes an air duct that defines an air flow passage for conveying an air flow having sound waves therein. A sensor is located in the air duct for sensing the sound waves and producing a noise signal in response to the sound waves in the air duct. A driver is supported in the air duct and is responsive to the noise signal for vibrating in the air duct to attenuate the sound waves in the duct. The system is distinguished by the driver including a piezoelectric vibrator.
Accordingly, the subject invention provides an improved system for reducing noise in an air flow structure by using the piezoelectric vibrator to dampen noise generated by the system. The piezoelectric vibrator may be placed inside the air duct to accommodate space constraints, and the piezoelectric vibrator operates independently of other systems, which reduces the cost of maintaining and operating the noise-reducing system. Furthermore, because the piezoelectric vibrator has a low profile, it may be placed throughout the air duct to improve noise-reducing quality. Therefore, the result of the subject invention is a system for reducing noise in an air flow structure that has improved quality, reduced cost, and reduced space constraints with respect to the systems disclosed by the prior art.
Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Referring to the Figures, wherein like numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views, a system 10 for reducing noise in an air flow structure is shown generally at reference numeral 10. As shown in
The sound waves 14 are detected by a sensor 16 located in the air duct 12. The sensor 16 may be a device, such as a microphone, that includes a transducer capable of receiving the sound waves 14 and converting the sound waves 14 to a sinusoidal noise signal 18 that is representative of the sound wave 14. It should be understood that more than one sensor 16 may be used to convert the sound waves 14 to the sinusoidal noise signal 18. The sinusoidal noise signal 18 is mathematically defined with respect to an x-axis representing an angle, and a y-axis, which is a function of the angle, representing an amplitude. Based on the angle, the sinusoidal noise signal 18 has a crest where the amplitude reaches a maximum value. For example, the sinusoidal noise signal 18 may have the crest at an angle of 90 degrees. The sinusoidal noise signal 18 has a trough where the amplitude reaches a minimum value. For example, the sinusoidal noise signal 18 may have the trough at an angle of 270 degrees. A wavelength of the sinusoidal noise signal 18 may be defined as the distance along the x-axis between the crests.
The noise-reducing system 10 further includes a driver 22 supported in the air duct 12 that vibrates in response to the sound waves 14. In order to maintain a low profile, the driver 22 may include a piezoelectric vibrator 24 supported on a wall 26 of the air duct 12. The wall 26 of the air duct 12 may include an opening 28, in which case the piezoelectric vibrator 24 is disposed over the opening 28. Furthermore, the piezoelectric vibrator 24 may be a thin piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric film may be secured to the wall 26 of the air duct 12 through various means. For example, the wall 26 may include a plastic 30 component to which the piezoelectric film is bonded or molded.
Referring now to
In addition, the noise-reducing system 10 may include a processor 32 connected between the sensor 16 and the piezoelectric vibrator 24 for manipulating the sinusoidal noise signal 18 to create an attenuation signal 34. The attenuation signal 34 is then used to vibrate the piezoelectric vibrator 24, which produces the attenuating waves 20. To effectively cancel or reduce the sound waves 14, the attenuating waves 20 are essentially equal to the additive inverse of the sound waves 14. In order for the attenuating waves 20 to be the additive inverse of the sound waves 14, the crest of the sound waves 14 occurs at roughly the same time as the trough of the attenuating waves 20. Likewise, the crest of the amplitude of the attenuating waves 20 occur at roughly the same time as the trough of the amplitude of the sound waves 14 since the attenuating waves 20 and the sound waves 14 have the same wavelength. Therefore, when the sound waves 14 are combined with the attenuating waves 20, the sound waves 14 will be cancelled or reduced, resulting in a null wave having an amplitude of essentially zero. It should be understood that the attenuating waves 20 are related to the attenuation signal 34, and the sinusoidal noise signal 18 is related to the sound waves 14 such that the processor 32 may generate the attenuation signal 34 to be the additive inverse of the sinusoidal noise signal 18, which will create the attenuating waves 20 to be the additive inverse of the sound waves 14.
The processor 32 may generate the attenuation signal 34 using various devices. For example, an inverter 36 may be included within the processor 32. The inverter 36 may receive the sinusoidal noise signal 18 and rotate it around the x-axis by multiplying the sinusoidal noise signal 18 by a factor of negative one to create the attenuation signal 34. Following this method, the attenuation signal 34 will have the same amplitude as the sinusoidal noise signal 18 but the crest of the amplitude of the attenuation signal 34 will occur at the same time as the trough of the amplitude of the sinusoidal noise signal 18. Likewise, the crest of the amplitude of the sinusoidal noise signal 18 will occur at roughly the same time as the trough of the amplitude of the attenuation signal 34 since the sinusoidal noise signal 18 and the attenuation signal 34 have the same wavelength. Therefore, the attenuation signal 34 will be the additive inverse of the sinusoidal noise signal 18, and the attenuating waves 20 created from the attenuation signal 34 will cancel or reduce the sound waves 14.
Another method of generating the attenuation signal 34 is to manipulate the sinusoidal noise signal 18 with a phase-shifter 38. The phase-shifter 38 may create the attenuation signal 34 by outputting the sinusoidal noise signal 18 shifted along the x-axis. For example, the phase-shifter 38 may shift the sinusoidal noise signal 18 by 180 degrees to create the attenuation signal 34 to be the additive inverse of the sinusoidal noise signal 18. However, it should be understood that phase-shifts of varying magnitude may shift the attenuation signal 34 to be the additive inverse of the sinusoidal noise signal 18. Furthermore, the phase-shifter 38 may manipulate the sinusoidal noise signal 18 to accommodate for a time delay between the sensor 16 receiving the sound wave 14 and the processor 32 producing the attenuation signal 34. It should be noted that the phase-shifter 38 may be used in addition to, or instead of the inverter 36.
In addition to using at least one of the inverter 36 and the phase-shifter 38, the processor 32 may include an amplifier 40 to adjust the amplitude of the attenuation signal 34. The amplifier 40 stretches the attenuation signal 34 in the direction of the y-axis without affecting the angle represented by the x-axis. Once the sinusoidal noise signal 18 is phase-shifted, inverted, or both, the attenuation signal 34 may have sustained losses in amplitude. Although these losses may be negligible, in order to be the additive inverse of the sinusoidal noise signal 18, and effectively cancel noise, the amplitude of the attenuation signal 34 should be as close to being equal and opposite to the amplitude of the sinusoidal noise signal 18 as possible. For that reason, the amplifier 40 may be needed to adjust the amplitude of the attenuation signal 34.
Once the attenuation signal 34 is created to be the additive inverse of the sinusoidal noise signal 18, the attenuation signal 34 is transmitted to the piezoelectric vibrator 24. The piezoelectric vibrator 24 vibrates in response to the attenuation signal 34 to produce the attenuating waves 20. The attenuating waves 20, when added to the sound waves 14, create the null wave having an amplitude of essentially zero. Therefore, the sound waves 14 in the air duct 12 are cancelled or reduced.
The system 10 as described herein may be used to cancel or reduce noise in various types of airflow devices. For example, as shown in
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. The invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described within the scope of the appended claims.
