Patent Grant
6894306
This invention relates to methods of depositing aluminum nitride comprising layers over semiconductor substrates, to methods of forming DRAM circuitry, to DRAM circuitry, to methods of forming field emission devices, and to field emission devices.
This invention was principally motivated in addressing problems and improvements in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and in field emission devices, such as displays.
As DRAMs increase in memory cell density, there is a continuing challenge to maintain sufficiently high storage capacitance despite decreasing cell area. Additionally, there is a continuing goal to further decrease cell area. One principal way of increasing cell capacitance is through cell structure techniques. Such techniques include three-dimensional cell capacitors, such as trenched or stacked capacitors. Yet as feature size continues to become smaller and smaller, development of improved materials for cell dielectrics as well as the cell structure are important. The feature size of 256 Mb DRAMs will be on the order of 0.25 micron or less, and conventional dielectrics such as SiO2 and Si3N4 might not be suitable because of small dielectric constants. Highly integrated memory devices, such as 256 Mbit DRAMs and beyond, are expected to require a very thin dielectric film for the 3-dimensional capacitor of cylindrically stacked or trench structures. To meet this requirement, the capacitor dielectric film thickness will be below 2.5 nm of SiO2 equivalent thickness.
Field emission displays are one type of field emission device, and are utilized in a variety of display applications. Conventional field emission displays include a cathode plate having a series of emitter tips fabricated thereon. The tips are configured to emit electrons toward a phosphor screen to produce an image. The emitters are typically formed from an emitter material such as conductive polysilicon, molybdenum, or aluminum. Multiple emitters are typically utilized to excite a single pixel. For example, 120 emitters may be used for a single pixel. Individual pixels contain a deposited one of red, green, or blue phosphor.
Clarity, or resolution, of a field emission display is a function of a number of factors, including emitter tip sharpness. Specifically, sharper emitter tips can produce higher resolution displays than less sharp emitter tips. One adverse phenomenon impacting emitter tip sharpness is undesired native oxidation of the emitter tips during fabrication if exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere, such as room air. Such oxidation consumes material of the tips in forming an oxide and reduces sharpness and therefore clarity.
The invention is a method of depositing an aluminum nitride comprising layer over a semiconductor substrate, a method of forming DRAM circuitry, DRAM circuitry, a method of forming a field emission device, and a field emission device. In one aspect, a method of depositing an aluminum nitride comprising layer over a semiconductor substrate includes positioning a semiconductor substrate within a chemical vapor deposition reactor. Ammonia and at least one compound of the formula R3Al, where “R” is an alkyl group or a mixture of alkyl groups, are fed to the reactor while the substrate is at a temperature of about 500° C. or less and at a reactor pressure from about 100 mTorr to about 725 Torr effective to deposit a layer comprising aluminum nitride over the substrate at such temperature and reactor pressure. In one aspect, such layer is utilized as a cell dielectric layer in DRAM circuitry. In one aspect, such layer is deposited over emitters of a field emission display.
In one aspect, the invention includes DRAM circuitry having an array of word lines forming gates of field effect transistors and an array of bit lines. Individual field effect transistors have a pair of source/drain regions. A plurality of memory cell storage capacitors are associated with the field effect transistors. Individual storage capacitors have a first capacitor electrode in electrical connection with one of a pair of source/drain regions of one of the field effect transistors and a second capacitor electrode. A capacitor dielectric region is received intermediate the first and second capacitor electrodes, with the region comprising aluminum nitride, and the other of the pair of source/drain regions of the one field effect transistor being in electrical connection with one of the bit lines.
In one aspect, a field emission device includes an electron emitter substrate including emitters having at least a partial covering comprising an electrically insulative material other than an oxide of silicon, with aluminum nitride being but one example. An electrode collector substrate is spaced from the electron emitter substrate.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance of the constitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws “to promote the progress of science and useful arts” (Article 1, Section 8).
In one implementation of the invention, a semiconductor substrate is positioned within a chemical vapor deposition reactor. Ammonia and at least one compound of the formula R3Al, where “R” is an alkyl group or a mixture of alkyl groups, is fed to the reactor while the substrate is at a temperature of about 500° C. or less, and at a reactor pressure from about 100 mTorr to about 725 Torr, effective to deposit a layer comprising aluminum nitride over the substrate at such temperature and reactor pressure. Example compounds include those which have three of the same alkyl groups, such as triethylaluminum and trimethylaluminum, and those which have at least two different alkyl groups, for example methyldiethylaluminum, dimethylethylaluminum etc. Substrate temperature is preferably kept at greater than or equal to about 250° C., with from about 380° C. to about 420° C. being more preferred. Substrate temperature and reactor pressure are preferably maintained substantially constant during the feeding and deposit. Preferred reactor pressure is from about 10 Torr to about 100 Torr. Plasma is preferably not utilized, and the aluminum nitride is preferably substantially amorphous. In the context of this document, “substantially amorphous” is meant to define a material which is at least 90% amorphous. Aluminum nitride layer deposition in these manners can have reduced carbon and oxygen incorporation.
In a specific example, a liquid volume of triethylaluminum was maintained at a temperature of 75° C. Helium was flowed through this liquid at the rate of 100 sccm and into a chemical vapor deposition chamber within which a semiconductor wafer was received and maintained at the temperature of 450° C. Ammonia was also flowed to the reactor through a showerhead at the rate of 100 sccm. Reactor pressure was 10 Torr. Five minutes of processing in this manner produced an amorphous layer consisting essentially of aluminum nitride which was 1300 Angstroms thick. Resistivity in the layer was some value greater than 1000 microohm-cm. Oxygen content was determined to be 0.1%, with carbon content being below the detection limit of the analysis tool, namely a carbon content of less than 1%.
The invention contemplates DRAM circuitry comprising a capacitor dielectric region formed by aluminum nitride layer deposition in accordance with the above and other methods. Referring to
Preferred as shown, region 22 contacts each of first capacitor electrode 20 and second capacitor electrode 24, and preferably consists essentially of aluminum nitride. A native oxide might form on the facing surfaces of at least one of first capacitor electrode 20 and second capacitor electrode 24, whereby the capacitor dielectric layer region would then consist essentially of aluminum nitride and native oxide in one preferred embodiment. The aluminum nitride of capacitor dielectric layer region 22 is preferably substantially amorphous, and deposited to an example thickness less than or equal to 60 Angstroms. More preferred, is a thickness which is less than or equal to 50 Angstroms, with both being thinner than conventional oxide-nitride-oxide capacitor dielectric layers commonly used in much existing DRAM circuitry.
An insulating layer 26 is formed over second capacitor electrode 24. A bit line 28 of an array of bit lines is fabricated in electrical connection with bit contact 14. An array of word lines 0.30 is fabricated to constitute gates of individual field effect transistors to enable selective gating of the capacitors relative to bit contact 14.
Other aspects of the invention are described with reference to
Referring to FIG. 3 and in one aspect of the invention, an electrically insulative material 56, other than an oxide of silicon, is provided at least in partial covering relation over emitters 48. Such is an improvement over native oxide coverings, which both consume emitter material and appreciably dull the emitter tips. Further in one considered aspect of the invention, layer 56 constitutes at least a partial covering comprising aluminum nitride relative to emitters 48. In the preferred embodiment and as shown, layer 56 is provided to entirely cover emitters 48 and is formed after formation of extraction grid 52 and also is formed on extraction grid 52. An example and preferred deposition thickness for layer/covering 56 is from about 50 Angstroms to about 150 Angstroms. A preferred process for depositing covering 56 in a substantially conformal and non-selective manner is as described above, utilizing ammonia and at least one compound of the formula R3Al, where “R” is an alkyl group or a mixture of alkyl groups, at a temperature or less than or equal to about 500° C. and a reactor pressure of from about 100 mTorr to about 725 Torr. Such a layer can be deposited to be sufficiently smooth to not significantly adversely affect tip sharpness, and is a material which reduces the effective work function of the emitter tips, thereby reducing the required operating voltage.
Referring to
In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural and methodical features. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown and described, since the means herein disclosed comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.
This patent resulted from a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/041,896, filed Jan. 7, 2002, entitled “DRAM Circuitry”, naming Brenda D. Kraus and Richard H. Lane as inventors; which patent resulted from a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/641,879, filed Aug. 17, 2000, entitled “Method of Forming DRAM Circuitry”, naming Brenda D. Kraus and Richard H. Lane as inventors, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,305 B1; which patent resulted from a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/248,197, filed Feb. 10, 1999, entitled “Method of Depositing an Aluminum Nitride Comprising Layer Over a Semiconductor Substrate”, naming Brenda D. Kraus and Richard H. Lane as inventors, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,944 B1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10041896 | Jan 2002 | US |
| Child | 10217617 | US | |
| Parent | 09641879 | Aug 2000 | US |
| Child | 10041896 | US | |
| Parent | 09248197 | Feb 1999 | US |
| Child | 09641879 | US |
