Patent Application
20190140611
The present invention relates to electrical power supply to hard wired units of electric equipment (permanent or fixed appliances), and more particularly to improvements in hard wired units having filters (energy saving devices) that create systems for conserving electrical energy consumption in commercial, industrial, residential, or other energy consumption settings, such as hard wired industrial, commercial and institutional refrigerators, air conditioners, lighting, etc. Prior art systems utilize various filters, transformers and other components to raise power factor, to filter out and reduce harmonics, and to make adjustments for and correct effects of surges and drops. The below cited co-pending patent application incorporated by reference discloses improvements on such devices. One of the features of that co-pending application invention is the use of iterative transformers in place of prior art transformers and/or other prior art components. The present invention is now directed to an improvement over the iterative transformers of the co-pending application, and, more specifically, the present invention is directed to inductive capacitive reactors that replace those iterative transformers in both the co-pending electric energy consumption enhancing devices, as well as replace other transformers and components in prior art devices (including but not limited to those stated in the cited prior art below) in combination with hard wired electricity-consuming units. The present invention inductive capacitive reactors are more advanced and efficient and more accurate than the above cited prior art iterative transformers and the devices that preceded the iterative transformer energy savers. The present invention includes one phase, two phase and three phase capabilities are further described below. They are not limited to but are particularly useful in systems that conserve electrical energy consumption with control devices downstream the incoming power breakers or at power inlets for energy consuming machines, equipment and appliances to increase efficiency relating to loads, distortions, spikes and/or power factors, as well as other deviant characteristics. In addition, these present invention inductive capacitive reactors improve response time and result in more energy savings than the prior art electric power supply energy saving systems, including those previously developed by the present inventor. The present invention is directed to hard wired units with low amperage use energy saving devices using these present invention inductive capacitive reactors, as well as high amperage use energy saving devices, using these present invention inductive capacitive reactors. In summary, the present invention reactors and energy saving devices utilizing them in hard wired units improve many power quality conditions, including harmonic reduction, surge suppression, sag mitigation, swell mitigation, in-rush current limitations, phase balancing, phase synthesis and power factor correction.
The following patents are representative of systems and devices for conservation of electric consumption:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,163,218 relates to an electronic control system for controlling the operation of a plurality of electrical devices which are energized from AC power lines which includes a single, central unit connected to the power lines, which further includes a central transceiver means for transmitting an encoded oscillating signal of one frequency onto the power lines, a central encoding means for encoding means for encoding the oscillating signal with an encoded signal in synchronization with the frequency of the AC power for selective control of electrical devices, and a central control means connected to the encoding means for selecting the electrical device to be controlled and its desired state. The invention further includes unitary switch units respectively interconnected between power lines and each electrical device being operative for both local and centralized control of the electrical device with the local control and the centralized control placing the electrical device in respective opposite states from each other, each switch unit including a switch transceiver means for receiving the encoded oscillating signal from the power lines, a switch decoding means coupled to the switch transceiver means for detecting the encoded signal, a switch control means connected to the switch decoding means for setting the selected electrical device to the desired state, and a local control means for selectively locally operating the electrical device independently of the central unit and placing the electrical device in a state opposite from that which it was placed by the central unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,580 describes a spike elimination circuit for A.C. and D.C. power sources which comprises two gas tubes and/or two semiconductor voltage limiting devices before a Bandpass Filter. The Bandpass Filter consists of 2 capacitors to ground and inductor in series with the line. The spike eliminator can be portable, mobile, or hard wired for the protection of home controls and electronics, telecommunications, commercial and industrial controls and the computer field and others.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,528 describes a surge suppressor which comprises a first series circuit having a first inductance and a first alternating voltage limiter, including at least a first capacitance and a bidirectionally conductive rectifying circuit for charging the first capacitance, coupled between first and second input terminals for limiting surge currents and voltage excursions coupled to first and second load output terminals. The first alternation voltage limiter further comprises a sensing circuit for sensing at least one of the charging current supplied to the voltage developed across the first capacitance. An auxiliary energy storage circuit and a normally open switching device responsive to the sensing circuit are provided for coupling the auxiliary energy storage circuit across the first capacitance during high energy surge conditions.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,327 describes a power conditioner for AC power lines which has a choke and capacitor coupled in series across the power lines. The choke comprises a coil termination in a line, with the line looped back through the coil. The power lines are thereby balanced to provide greater operating efficiency. Capacitors and transient suppressors (e.g. varistors) are used for transient suppression and power factor correction.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,741 relates to an arrangement for obtaining flux rate information in a magnetic circuit including passive means connected across a flux rate sensor for implementing control of said flux rate. The passive means being a tuned magnetic flux rate feedback sensing and control arrangement wherein impedance is tuned and the energy loss characteristic is adjustable. The selection of inductance and capacitance values provides tuning and the selection of resistance affects the energy loss characteristics.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,710 is directed to an energy supply system for supplying, in system interconnection, power at a power receiving equipment from a power plant and power generated by a fuel cell to a power consuming installation, and supplying heat generated by the fuel cell to a heat consuming installation. This system includes an operation amount computing device for computing an amount of operation of the fuel cell to minimize an equation y-aXL+bXM+cXN, in response to an energy demand of the power consuming installation and heat consuming installation A control device controls the fuel cell to satisfy the amount of the operation computed. The system supplies energy in optimal conditions with respect to the cost borne by an energy consumer, consumption of primary energy and release of environmental pollutants. Energy is effectively used from the standpoint of the energy consumer and a national point of view.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,513 relates to an information handling system which is described as having a power supply and having a switching circuit that switches a plurality of energy sources between series and parallel couplings. Associated with the switching circuit is a voltage level detecting circuit for monitoring the voltage level of the energy sources. A processor for controlling the information handling system responds to the voltage level detecting circuit and in the event of a low voltage condition the processor activates the switching circuit to switch the energy sources and from a series to a parallel coupling. Alternatively, the processor responds to other inputs or conditions for actuating the switching circuit.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,459,459 is directed to an algorithm for implementation in a meter register and a reading device. In the one embodiment, the invention enables selecting a display table to be read from the register, updating the billing read date and time in the register, reversing the order in which load profile data is transmitted from the register to the reader, specifying the number of load profile intervals to be read from the register and specifying the number of intervals to skip when reading from the register.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,462,225 relates to an apparatus and method for controlling energy supplied to a space conditioning load and for overriding a load control operation in response to measuring certain space temperatures within a closed environment. The load control apparatus includes a control device connected to an electrical distribution network and to a space/conditioning load and a temperature sensing device connected to the control device. The control device conducts a load shedding operation to control distribution of electrical energy to the space conditioning load in response to command signals supplied by a remote command center. The temperature sensing device operates to override the load shedding operation by outputting a control overriding signal to the control device tin response to sensing certain space temperatures within the closed environment. If the temperature control device is connected to an air conditioning system the temperature sensing device causes the control device to terminate the load shedding operation prior to expiration of a selected time period in response to measuring a space temperature that exceeds a maximum space temperature limit. In contrast, if the temperature control device is connected to a forced air beating system, the temperature sensing device causes the control device to terminate the load shedding operation when a measured space temperature drops below a minimum space temperature limit the maximum space temperature limit is greater than the control temperature setpoint of a thermostat that controls the space conditioning operations, whereas the minimum space temperature limit is less than the control temperature setpoint.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,483,672 relates to a communication system, where a communication unit may conserve source energy when it is inactive in the following manner. The control channel is partitioned into a predetermined number of windows and a system window which are transmitted on the control channel in a round robin manner. When the communication unit registers with the communication system, it is assigned to a window group. The communication unit then monitors only the system window to determine whether the window group that its been assigned to is also assigned to one of the predetermined number of windows. When the window that has been assigned to the window group is being transmitted to the control channel the communication unit activates to monitor that window. Once the window is no longer being transmitted, the communication unit deactivates unit the system window is being transmitted or the window assigned to the window group is being transmitted.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,495,129 relates to an electronic device fore multiplexing several loads to the terminals of a source of alternating electrical energy. The source of alternating electrical energy is coupled by electromagnetic flux to the loads by using primary excitation windings and connects to the terminals of the source of alternating electrical energy and secondary windings respectively corresponding to the number of loads. The secondary windings are at least partially coupled to the primary winding and are each connected to the terminals of a load. The coupling is inhibited by auxiliary winding which are each totally coupled with the secondary winding. The inhibition function is controlled in order to inhibit all the magnetic couplings except for one and this particular one changes as a function of the respective loads to be coupled to the source of alternating electrical energy.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,831 relates to a system for testing electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices includes means for sensing the current from the storage device and varying the load across the storage device in response to the current sensed. The system is equally adaptable to batteries and fuel cells. Means is also provided to sense system. Certain parameters are then stored in digital form for archive purposes and certain other parameters are used to develop control signals in a host processor.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,517,188 is directed to a programmable identification apparatus, and associated method, includes a transceiver and a transponder. The transponder is powered by the energy of a transceiver transmit signal generated by the transceiver and includes a programmable memory element. A coded sequence which uniquely identifies the transponder is stored in the programmable memory element and, when transponder is powered, the transponder generates a transponder signal which includes the coded sequence stored in the programmable memory element, once modulated by circuitry of the transponder.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,123 measures the total line current in a power cord which is used to energize both a power factor corrected system and a non-power factor corrected AC loads. The power factor control loop of the power factor corrected system is then driven to correct the power factor of total line current in the power cord ideally to approach unity.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,314 relates to a symmetrical ac power system which provides a balanced ac output, whose maximum voltage with respect to a reference ground potential is one-half the ac output voltage, and which is derived from a single phase ac source through the use of an isolation transformer having a center-tapped secondary winding. The center tap is connected to the output power load circuit as a ground reference potential with respect to the symmetrical ac output so as to constitute the reference ground potential for the power supply and load. Since symmetrical ac power is applied to the load by the system, reactive load currents, other power artifacts, EMI and RFI emissions and other interference and noise components ordinarily resulting from the application of conventional ac power to the load are reduced or eliminated by appearing as equal inversely phased signal elements which cancel one another. In order to maximize the performance of the symmetrical power system, the isolation transformer has a bifilar-wound secondary winding.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,458 describes a UPS (uninterruptible power system) which includes an UPS power conditioning unit that provides conditioned AC power to a critical load. The UPS power conditioning unit includes a variable speed drive that operates in response to AC utility power or to a standby DC input by providing a motor drive signal. The UPS power conditioning unit further includes a motor-generator that operates in response to the motor drive output by providing the conditioned AC power to the critical load. In response to an outage in the utility AC power, standby DC power is provided by a standby DC power source that includes a variable speed drive and a flywheel motor-generator connected to the variable speed drive. Both the UPS power conditioning unit and the standby DC power source are initially operated in response to the utility AC power, the flywheel motor-generator storing kinetic energy in a rotating flywheel. When an outage occurs, the rotating flywheel continues to operate the flywheel motor-generator of the standby DC power source, causing the production of AC power which is rectified and provided as standby DC power to operate the variable speed drive of the UPS power conditioning unit either the utility AC power outage is over or a standby emergency generator is brought on line.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,677 relates to a system that monitors and controls electrical power consumption that will be retrofitted to a typical consumer electrical power arrangement (typical arrangement-electrical feed line from a provider, a meter, a circuit breaker and individual input wiring to a plurality of electrical devices, appliances and outlets). The system includes a control unit which receives information from an electromagnetic pickup device from which real time electrical consumption is determined over very short periods of time. The control unit has a main data processing and storage processor for retaining information and it may include a communication microprocessor for sending signals to corresponding modules. The electromagnetic pickup device uniquely measures the electromagnetic flux emanating at each output wire from each of the individual circuit breakers in a breaker box. The modules have filters which release electrical power to the individual electrical devices, appliances and outlets at a controlled, economic rate.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,667 describes a symmetrical as power system which provides a balanced ac output, whose maximum voltage with respect to a reference ground potential is one-half the ac output voltage, and which is derived form a single phase ac source through the use of an isolation transformer having a center-tapped secondary winding. The center tapped is connected to the output power load circuit as a ground reference potential with respect to the symmetrical ac output so as to constitute the reference ground potential for the power supply and load. Since symmetrical ac power is applied to the load by the system, reactive load currents, other power artifacts, EMI and RFI emissions and other interference ad noise components ordinarily resulting from the application of conventional ac power to the load are reduced or eliminated by appearing as equal inversely phased signal elements which cancel one another. In order to maximize the performance of the symmetrical power system, the isolation transformer has a bifilar-wound secondary winding.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,009,004 discloses a new single-phase passive harmonic filter for one or more nonlinear loads. The filter improves the total system performance by drastically reducing the line side current harmonics generated by non-linear loads. The filter includes two inductive portions across one of which is connected a tuning capacitor. The parallel combination of one inductive portion which the tuning capacitor forms a series tuned filter configuration while the second inductive portion is used for harmonic attenuation. A shunt capacitor is employed for shunting higher order harmonic components. A single-phase passive voltage regulator provides the needed voltage bucking to prevent over voltage at the load terminals of the filter. The filter provides an alternate path for the harmonic current generated by non-linear loads. The over voltage caused by the increased capacitive reactance is controlled by either capacitor switching or by the use of the passive voltage regulator or a combination of the two. Capacitor switching is dependent upon load conditions.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,014,017 describes a method and an apparatus for power factor correction for a non-ideal load, which is supplied for a main power supply, by a compensation device which is electrically connected in parallel with the load and has a pulse converter with at least one capacitive store. A transfer function space vector is calculated as a function of a determined mains power supply voltage space vector, a mains power supply current space vector, a compensator current space vector and of an intermediate circuit voltage which is present on the capacitive store. As a result of which the pulse converter generates a compensator voltage space vector on the main power supply side as a function of the intermediate circuit voltage. A compensator current space vector, that keeps the undesirable reactive current elements away from the mains power supply, is thus obtained via a coupling filter that is represented as a compensator inductance.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,035 describes a method wherein after starting the input of a switching signal to a booster circuit whose boosting rate is changeable in accordance with the duty ratio of the inputted switching signal and calculating the output power of an inventor circuit, which is connected to the subsequent stage of the booster circuit, from the output current of the inverter circuit, the target voltage after boosting by the booster circuit is obtained based on the output power. If the actual output voltage of the booster circuit is lower then the target voltage, the duty ratio of the above switching signal is increased, and if higher, the duty ratio of the above switching signal is decreased.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,583 B1 is a system including, in-parallel connection to an incoming power supply of a facility including a hot line and a neutral line, and at least one ground. There are components connected between the hot line and the neutral line in the order of: front metal oxide varistors; line transient voltage surge suppressor having to suppress undesired power spikes; at least one capacitor of predetermined capacitance; at least two dual chokes in the form of inductor/metal oxide varistor transformers; at least a second capacitor of its own predetermined capacitance; metal oxide varistors having a predetermined capability. In preferred embodiments, the metal oxide varistor may be a plurality of varistors in parallel; a failure indicator circuit connected to the transient voltage surge suppressor, including at least one relay, one voltage-surge responsive switch and one indicator signaling component.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,747 B1 is an electricity pod controller device that includes in-parallel connection to an incoming power supply of a facility including a hot line and a neutral line, and at least one round. There are components connected between the hot line and the neutral line. At least one front metal oxide varistor line transient voltage surge suppressor has a predetermined capability to suppress undesired power spikes and at least one capacitor of predetermined capacitance are also included. At least two dual chokes in the form of inductor/metal oxide varistor transformers, a second capacitor of its own predetermined capacitance and at least one metal oxide varistor having a predetermined capability. In preferred embodiments, the metal oxide varistor may be a plurality of varistors in parallel.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,573,253 B2 to Lestician describes a system for managing electrical consumption that includes a connecting means for connection to an incoming power supply of a facility, for connection in parallel, including a hot line and a neutral line, and at least one ground. The following components are connected between the hot line and the neutral line. They are connected in the order of at least one front capacitor of predetermined capacitance, at least one front arc suppressor, at least one front metal oxide varistor line transient voltage surge suppressor having a predetermined number of joules capability to suppress undesired power spikes, at least two inductor/metal oxide varistor iterative transformers, at least a second capacitor of its own predetermined capacitance, at least one metal oxide varistor having a predetermined number of joules capability and at least two capacitors, each having its own predetermined capacitance different form one another.
Notwithstanding the prior art, the present invention is neither taught nor rendered obvious thereby.
The present invention is directed to hard wired units having energy saving filters with an inductive capacitive reactor for residential and similar low amperage needs that functions as a multifaceted transformer with both inductive and capacitor functionalities that operates iteratively, and also others with an inductive capacitive reactor for industrial, commercial and similar high amperage needs that functions as a multifaceted transformer with both inductor and capacitor functionalities that operates iteratively.
The present invention inductive capacitive reactor for residential and similar low amperage needs includes a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components sequentially arranged as follows: (i) a first ferrite toroidal component; (ii) a first separator component, being a doped separator component; (iii) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions; (iv) a second separator component, selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (v) a second ferrite toroidal component. The term “toroidal component” refers to and electrical closed loop of metal used in transformers, motors and other electrical devices and is not limited to a specific dictionary definition regarding shape. For example, many toroids today are rectangular or square or oval and are still referred to as toroids.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the doped separator contains dope selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, boron arsenide, graphite, grapheme, and carbon. Preferred is the group with gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, graphite, and graphene.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the ferrite toroidal component has a frequency in the range of 25 Hertz to 1 Megahertz.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the hollow centered continuous loop components have top view footprints selected from the group consisting of circular, oval, square, rectangular, and polygonal.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the separator components are dielectric film separator components. Preferred are sandwiched separator components with a dielectric middle layer and conductive top and bottom coats or sheets of conductive material, such as metal or conductive graphite.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the inductive capacitive reactor has a first non-conductive end piece on top of the first ferrite toroidal component and has a second non-conductive end piece under the second ferrite toroidal component.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the first non-conductive end piece on top of the first ferrite toroidal component and the second non-conductive end piece under the second ferrite toroidal component are selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, fiberglass encapsulation, epoxy and epoxy encapsulation.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions, the non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component without protrusions, and the second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions, are all made of the same metal.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the reactor further includes a plurality of windings wrapped around the stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components so as to pass through the hollow center thereof, the windings including at least one hot wire and at least one ground wire.
In some embodiments of the present invention residential inductive capacitive reactor, the reactor further includes a multiphase arrangement of more than one such inductive capacitive reactor connected directly or indirectly to one another selected from the group consisting of two the inductive capacitive reactors for a two phase combination, and three inductive capacitive reactors for a three phase combination.
As mentioned, the present invention also includes an inductive capacitive reactor for industrial, commercial and similar amperage needs that functions as a multifaceted transformer with both inductor and capacitor functionalities that operates iteratively. It includes a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components sequentially arranged as follows: (i) a first ferrite toroidal component; (ii) a first separator component, being a doped separator component; (iii) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions; (iv) a second separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (v) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component without protrusions; (vi) a third separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (vii) a second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions, wherein the second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component is positioned so as to be rotated relative to the first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component so that it's notches are positioned atop the protrusions of the first non magnetic conductive metal; (viii) a fourth separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (ix) a second ferrite toroidal component.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the doped separators contain dope selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, graphite, and graphene.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, each of the ferrite toroidal components has a frequency in the range of 25 Hertz to 1 Megahertz.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the hollow centered continuous loop components have top view footprints selected from the group consisting of circular, oval, square, rectangular, and polygonal.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, at least one of the separator components is a dielectric film separator component.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the first separator component and the second separator component are doped dielectric materials.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the inductive capacitive reactor has a first non-conductive end piece on top of the first ferrite toroidal component and has a second non-conductive end piece under the second ferrite toroidal component.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the first non-conductive end piece on top of the first ferrite toroidal component and the second non-conductive end piece under the second ferrite toroidal component are selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, fiberglass encapsulation, epoxy and epoxy encapsulation. In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions, the non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component without protrusions, and the second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between the protrusions, are all made of the same metal. In some of these embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, that same metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys, graphene coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys, graphite on aluminum and aluminum alloys, and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the inductive capacitive reactor further includes a plurality of windings wrapped around the stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components so as to pass through the hollow center thereof, the windings including at least one hot wire and at least one ground wire.
In some embodiments of the present invention industrial-commercial inductive capacitive reactor, the inductive capacitive reactor further includes a multiphase arrangement of more than one such inductive capacitive reactor connected directly or indirectly to one another selected from the group consisting of two the inductive capacitive reactors for a two phase combination, and three inductive capacitive reactors for a three phase combination.
Additional features, advantages, and embodiments of the invention may be set forth or apparent from consideration of the following detailed description, drawings, and claims. Moreover, it is to be understood that both the foregoing summary of the invention and the following detailed description are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation without limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
The present invention will be more fully understood when the present specification is taken in conjunction with the appended drawings, wherein:
The present invention is directed to hard wired electric-consuming units with a new generation of energy saving devices (filters) having iterative transformers that are inductive capacitive reactors. The parent co-pending application incorporated herein by reference describes novel advanced iterative transformers. The phrase “hard wired units” as used herein means any electric device that has a structure with an electric consuming component, and is hard wired to a power source. Because it is hard wired, it is not portable and is not a plug-in device. Thus, hard wired units include, but are not limited to: industrial, commercial and institutional refrigerators, washers, driers, pumps, sound systems, transmitters and receivers, heaters, hvac systems, lighting banks, security systems, vaults, production systems, production equipment, machinery, printing presses, chemical plants, cranes, trains, ships, conveyors, elevators, escalators, stage equipment, hospital, clinical and other medical equipment, and many other hard wired devices, machines, equipment and systems.
The present invention inductive capacitive reactors replace earlier iterative transformers and also operate iteratively, but are faster and more efficient that those iterative transformers and in many applications will be more accurate, sometimes by an order of magnitude. The present invention inductive capacitive reactors are utilized in many forms of energy saving devices, such as described in the co-pending parent application incorporated herein by reference, as well as modifications and other prior art energy saver devices, filters and systems and are specifically positioned between the electric consuming component and the hard wiring of a hard wired unit. In other words, hard wired devices have one or more electric consuming components (pumps, motors, resistance heaters, etc.) and its own internal wiring to a junction box or other connection, known as a hard wiring, to a power line that is downstream from a panel. These present invention inductive capacitive reactors have uses (in these energy saving devices) in any hard wired unit such as in residential, commercial, industrial and institutional settings.
In one preferred embodiment, the present invention inductive capacitive reactor is used in a system that is in line with AC Incoming Voltage to an electrical load site, such as an industrial, commercial, educational or recreational facility. A typical electrical supply arrangement includes an electrical feed line from the service provider connected to all of the electrical devices in a particular location, as in the case of circuit breakers for the main source or for fuel cells or generators for large motors. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention inductive capacitive reactors are used in lower amperage energy saving devices for typically light retail (small stores) and residential environments, typically also in line with incoming AC voltage to the electrical load site. As mentioned, these devices with the present invention inductive capacitive reactors may also be installed at specific electric consuming equipment, devices and systems, and may also be installed into moveable plug-in devices and other portable devices, such as power equipment and portable and fixed power generators.
Thus, in some implementations, these inductive capacitive reactor-containing energy saving systems may be attached at the main source for such things as large motors and motor driven systems. In this manner, they reduce the harmonics in a building; lowering the total harmonic distortion (ThD) to a very low value and adjusting any low Power Factor so as to be adjusted to 0.95 or greater. A Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor (TVSS) may also be included with a feature to reduce the spikes that can be portable, mobile, or hard wired, for the protection of the location.
In conjunction with the foregoing, the present invention inductive capacitive reactors can reduce the demand for power by controlling the noise factor and regulating electrical surges and sags in a building, thereby lowering the energy consumption. These systems incorporating the present invention inductive capacitive reactors also has the ability to work with large generators and with fuel cell systems for preventing a loss of voltage and current in a given situation and maintaining power requirements needed for short periods of time. In the generator, the system not only reduces kilowatt usage being drawn but also reduces its need for fuel consumption. In the fuel cell, the system is able to suppress the surge/sag, which results in more efficiency for the fuel cell to produce more energy.
In one implementation, a parallel AC power system helps provide a balanced AC load to the potential electrical feed to the building or power supplied by the utility company by means of an electrical enclosure with its electrical parts. It is installed parallel to the main load and/or to the motors drawing the most power. It acts as a voltage and current absorber and corrects a poor power factor. It also improves the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).
When this present invention inductive capacitive reactor in an energy saving system is connected in parallel to the source, it decreases the phase angle of current and voltage. If voltage or current are out of phase it adjusts to proper phase. This system reduces power consumption and responds to the load by means of its current draw and adjusts to the demand by lowering its storage mechanisms. It adjusts the voltage to its current demands by giving the device a supply of voltage, which results in lower demand on usage of its power consumption.
Principles of the present application are also particularly applicable to industrial settings with high current demands (e.g., with loads drawing up to 5,000 Amps). It should be recognized, however, that principles of the present invention are applicable to other electrical load settings, from the largest industrial and commercial applications to small residential and ancillary building electrifications.
When the separators are doped, they may be doped with any workable doping agent and these are well known in the circuit board doping industry. In preferred embodiments, the dope is selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, boron arsenide, graphite, graphene and carbon. In some embodiments, the separator components are dielectric film separator components. Separators may be thin plastic film, paper, paper/film composite, wax paper, or other known insulative and dielectric separators. In some cases, coatings of transformer varnish may be used. Many of the transformer varnishes are polyester resin-based. These treatments and the addition of doping agents may be achieved by vapor deposition, spray, coating, dipping, film application (heat weld, glue, etc.). The dope may be applied directly or in solution.
In some cases, graphene may be applied to the separators or the aluminum or other metal toroids. Graphene is a “miracle” coating known as a nano coating, sometimes only one or two or three atoms of carbon thick. It is commercially available, but rare and expensive. As recently described by the United States Department of Energy (Aug. 30, 2017, USDOE News Release) titled “Controlling Traffic On the Electron Highway: Researching Graphene”, graphene creates a very powerful magnetic field that accelerates the movement of electrons. Thus, in the context of the present invention, the flow of electrons may be more rapid with graphene, speeding up the corrective effects of the present invention inductive capacitive reactor by rearranging the flow faster to reduce harmonics and other deficiencies and irregularities.
The ferrite toroidal components 103 and 111 of
Referring again to
The first and second toroidal components 103 and all made of the same metal or different metals and are typically commercially available ferrite torroids.
Continuing on
In
Electrical loads, such as non-linear loads, including DC motors, create harmonic distortions, electrical spikes, and poor power factor, which have negative impact on efficiency and the condition of the load itself (e.g., overheating and reduced motor life). Other internal and external physical conditions also contribute to these and other deviant (inefficient) characteristics that adversely affect electrical consumption. Thus, the present invention is an inductive capacitive reactor used in systems for reducing electrical consumption that includes one or more devices that recognize electromagnetic interference with means to suppress line transient voltage surges, means to regulate harmonics distortion, means to enhance power factor correction and means to maintain phase regulation by maintaining phase relationship between voltage and current at times of increased power demands, using newly discovered arrangements of components to achieve these results.
Generally, the arrangement of
Capacitors C1, C2, C3, C12, C13, C14 (which are a dry film type according to one preferred present invention embodiment implementation) are connected in parallel to the front end of the unit. This helps in the reduction of the lower harmonic noise on the fundamental frequency (e.g., 30 Hz to 400 Hz) input lines. This type of arcing band pass filter, (filter capacitors) are intolerant of reverse current and heat. Run type capacitor working voltage [WV] ratings should be treated with respect. The WV rating is virtually the maximum voltage rating. Despite their more delicate nature, these filter capacitors offer substantial advantages over electrolytic filter capacitors. The main advantages are more joules of energy storage per capacitor, reduced weight and reduced volume. This combination with the dry caps is called an “Arcing Setup” in a circuit with the installed MOVs. When the capacitors are operated in series, they should share the voltage equally. In order to do this, a voltage equalizer resistor is connected across each capacitor. The equalizer resistor comes with the caps on them or in them. In
Capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 (which are oil type capacitors for high current applications according to an embodiment of the present invention) are connected in series to allow for more current to pass; in addition the needed values will be half the capacitance but will allow for more current to pass through them and prevent damage to the capacitors in this manner from the harmonic noise still passing through them. The MOVs (metal oxide varistors) VAR1, VAR2, VAR3, VAR4, VAR5, VAR6 are for the transients spikes from the input line and also reduce the transponder non-fundamental frequencies for the AC line suppression for creating a very clean EMI/RFI reduction from the power lines.
Arranging three component present invention Inductor Capacitive Reactors LA1, LA2, LA3 in series on the Hot legs (Red, Blue, Black and Green) creates a low pass filter or other non-fundamental frequency currents flowing to the load but opposite in phase; filter for as setting up a current load to the source for balancing of the phases being applied to reactor capacitors C9, C10, C11 (which are oil type capacitors according to an embodiment of the present invention). This large LC type network creates a network where the current being drawn by the incoming load reacts with the power factor; this will create an imbalance load in the case of offset lagging current and creating a current generating means in which the excess power is then converted to power from the fundamental frequency then supplied back to the AC power source, which may include a generator or fuel cell.
With MOVs VAR7, VAR8, VAR9, VAR10, VAR11, VAR12 across the leading current, the MOV's now can reduce the major part of the voltage transients whereas the current now will be reduced at the source. Capacitors C15, C16, C17 (which are oil type capacitors for high current according to an embodiment of the present invention) are provided in the circuit for added protection of the stray harmonics that could damage the upcoming capacitance stage, whereas this will keep the capacitors from having more current through them to prevent an unwanted catastrophic failure. The output stage with one or more capacitors is acting as a Voltage/Current storage device; wired as a “Y” or delta configuration sets up a Kvar injection to the incoming source for proper balancing of all voltage and current fields across the current power source. The resistors R4, R5, R6 in conjunction with a lamp, displays an indication for that phase which is active.
Paralleling up to 12 of these device stages together across the 3 phases and injection of 1000 to 50000 Kvar's to the power source with great response with less noise created by the motors, resistive loads and the inductive loads; this nonlinear loading represented by non-fundamental frequency load currents in the source; the demand with harmonics on a given location creating a larger bill to the customer and not really using that demand. This will bring the demand down on a building with the reduction of harmonics, thereby stabilizing the building with cleaner AC power in the building.
The first stage of the system illustrated in
Significantly, this system lowers the harmonics being produced by the motor (in the case in which the load is a motor), thereby greatly reducing the current being consumed. As an additional benefit, this keeps the motor running cooler, hence reducing the wear and tear on the motor. Furthermore, there is achieved a reduction of energy being used by means of Kw (kilowatt hours) through lowering the demand from its source. Energy savings will occur with all of these key features working together; the result being a significant (e.g., 10 to 30%) reduction of energy used by the consumer and less maintenance on motors with a cleaner energy going back to the utility company supplying the power.
Three Component Inductive Capacitive Reactor Design
According to an embodiment of the present invention, three component inductive capacitive reactors LA1, LA2, and LA3 are configured using a component, coil and winding arrangement as described herein in subsequent Figures below. Generally, a coil design according to this embodiment of the present invention employs a generating means of detecting the current in the paralleling noise reduction unit to the incoming power source. The winding wire being used may preferably be a “THWN” gas and oil type wire.
The direction of the wire from the white (Neutral) is wound in a proper manner for the magnet flux fields and have this conformingly to the windings. The Hot legs using a color such as (Black, Red, Blue) also follow this winding pattern for proper operation. This has the most effect on the loads being applied to for the direction of the currents being picked up from the source. The reaction of the white (Neutral) plays a role in where this reduces the amount of frequencies where as it puts the phasing at 180 degrees out of phase to the incoming hot leg. The means of winding the hot also places a 90 degree phase from the white, and thus counteracts the flow of current and the harmonic frequencies out of phase to the coil reactor in the circuit. This sets up the current sensing device for the voltage and the current sensing whereas it removes the fundamental frequency component acting in a manner as a notch filter device to the applied circuit; its power efficiently flows in either direction between its output storage capacitors in the circuit. Like a notch filter, this removes the fundamental frequencies and controls the current source by injecting a current back into the AC power line from the storage capacitors connected in a manner like a “Y” or Delta stage in the unit. Thus, the present invention inductive capacitive reactor provides a means of controlling the harmonics in a given power source for saving energy and the reducing harmonics (harmonics would otherwise be significantly detrimental to the life of the capacitors in a circuit). This also can be used as a current detection method in which it can replace a “CT” clamp used to detect the current in a given circuit without clamping it to the incoming line.
The present invention low amperage energy saving devices of the present invention as described above and particularly with respect to
Thus,
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those particular embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The present application is a continuation in part of co-pending Unites States patent applications, as follows: Docket no. GJL-601A, Ser. No. ______ (to be assigned), filed on Oct. 4, 2017, by the same inventor herein and having the same assignee, titled “Inductor Capacitive Reactor”; and Docket no. GJL-602C, Ser. No. ______ (to be assigned), filed on Oct. 27, 2017, by the same inventor herein and having the same assignee, titled “Energy Saving Device With Inductive Capacitive Reactor” and Docket no. GJL-605C, Ser. No. ______ (to be assigned), filed on Oct. 27, 2017, by the same inventor herein and having the same assignee, titled “Energy Saving Device With Inductive Capacitive Reactor For High Amperage Uses”.
