Patent Application
20090242217
The present invention relates to a fire protection layer. In particular, the invention relates to a fire protection layer for use in fire protection blankets and in laminated structural materials. The invention further relates to the use of such fire protection blankets in a method of extinguishing a burning object.
Fires are traditionally extinguished by dousing the flames with water, extinguisher foam or powder. However, this traditional approach has some drawbacks. When the burning object is a vehicle parked in a car park, the use of water, foam or powder to extinguish the fire may easily lead to collateral damage to surrounding vehicles. Moreover, when a traveling vehicle catches fire and has to be extinguished on the road, the road or at least one or more lanes may have to be closed off following the fire in order to allow the water, foam or powder to be removed. This may further lead to environmental problems.
In order to obviate or at least minimize these drawbacks, it has already been proposed to use fire protection blankets for extinguishing fires by smothering the flames.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,125,941 to Lokken already discloses a blanket for smothering fires or protecting items from fire. This prior art blanket comprises a wettable polymer capable of high volume water retention, a water reservoir and heat activatable valves to permit water to flow from the reservoir to wet the polymer through gravity fed conduits. The blanket is also provided with a frame or other support to keep it in place over a fire. Due to this frame and because this prior art blanket relies on water for its fire smothering effect, it is relatively heavy and complicated in use. Therefore, this blanket is not suitable for extinguishing fires in confined spaces, for instance when a vehicle catches fire in a car park.
Dutch patent NL 1021213 discloses a fire protection blanket that is intended for extinguishing vehicles on fire. The blanket is provided with tubes running along its edges, which are filled with water to hold the blanket down over the vehicle to be extinguished. This prior art blanket therefore requires the use of water, which is said to be taken either from a fire fighting vehicle or from a hydrant. This renders use of the fire protection blanket rather complex, while filling the tubes with water further takes additional time.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention therefore to provide an improved fire protection blanket, that is relatively light and easy to use and that does not require any ancillary equipment.
It is another object of the invention to provide a fire protection layer that will allow a lightweight yet effective fire protection blanket to be made.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a fire resistant laminated structural material, for instance for use in walls of buildings or hulls of vessels or aircraft.
Finally, the invention has for its object to propose a method of extinguishing a fire in a confined area, like a burning vehicle in a car park.
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, a fire protection layer is provided. This layer includes a fabric of relatively pliant fibers and a fire resistant coating that renders the fabric impermeable. The coating comprises silicone, and may preferably further comprise one or more minerals. The relatively pliant fibers may advantageously be selected from the group comprising glass fibers, polyester fibers or cotton fibers.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a fire protection blanket is provided which comprises at least one fire protection layer of the type described above. In a preferred embodiment, this fire protection blanket comprises a central part and a peripheral edge part, wherein the peripheral edge part is relatively lighter than the central part. This may be the result of the central part having a greater thickness than the peripheral edge part, e.g. by arranging a greater number of fire protection layers in the central part than in the peripheral edge part. Alternatively, the fabric of the fire protection layer in the central part may be more densely woven than that in the peripheral edge part.
In order to allow the fire protection blanket to withstand repeated fires before having to be discarded, the central part preferably has a specific mass of at least 150 g/m2, more preferably at least 300 g/m2, and most preferably at least 400 g/m2.
The central part is preferably connected to the peripheral edge part by stitches including fire resistant thread, so as to avoid these parts becoming disconnected due to the intense heat encountered during use. Although various types of thread may be contemplated, the fire resistant thread may advantageously comprise aramid fibers and/or carbon fibers.
A third aspect of the invention involves the provision of a laminated structural fire protection material. This material is made up of one or more structural layers and one or more fire protection layers bonded to the structural layer(s). The fire protection layer(s) may be of the type described above, and the bond between the structural layer(s) and the fire protection layer(s) may be formed by the silicone based fire resistant coating. In a preferred embodiment of the laminate the structural layer is made from a material selected from the group comprising plywood, MDF, metals and plastics.
Finally, the invention provides a method of extinguishing a burning object. This method comprises the steps of (a) providing an impermeable fire protection blanket having a central part and a peripheral edge part, (b) arranging the fire protection blanket over the burning object such that the peripheral edge part contacts an area surrounding the burning object, (c) smothering the fire, and (d) removing the fire protection blanket from the object.
The fire protection blanket may have a peripheral edge part that is relatively lighter than the central part and that may be sucked tightly against the area surrounding the burning object so as to provide an airtight seal that will assist in smothering the fire.
The central part of the fire protection blanket preferably has a surface area that is at least as great as a combined surface area of the top and sides of the burning object. And the fire protection blanket may be arranged such that the central part substantially covers the top and sides of the burning object while the peripheral edge part lies on the area surrounding the burning object. By covering the burning object with the thicker and more durable central part of the blanket, smothering of the fire is more effective, while the service life of the blanket is increased.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of some non-limiting exemplary embodiments. In this description reference will be made to the annexed drawings, in which like elements are indicated by reference numerals incremented by 100, and in which:
A fire protection layer 1 is disclosed (
In one embodiment, the fire protection layer is used to render a structural material fire resistant. This is illustrated in
In a presently preferred embodiment the fire protection layer is used in a fire protection blanket 210. As shown in
In the illustrated embodiment the peripheral edge part 209 is relatively lighter than the central part 208. This may be achieved in different ways, e.g. by providing the central part 208 with a greater number of fire protection layers 201 than the peripheral edge part 209 or by providing the central part 208 with a fire protection layer 201 that has a more densely woven fabric 202 than the fire protection layer 201 in the peripheral edge part 209. In the illustrated embodiment the central part 208 of the fire protection blanket 210 comprises three fire protection layers 201A-201C (
The central part 208 may have a specific mass of at least 150 g/m2, preferably at least 300 g/m2, and most preferably at least 400 g/m2, to ensure good durability when the fire protection blanket 210 is exposed to fire. In the illustrated embodiment the central part 208 has a specific mass of approximately 430 g/m2. It has been found that this is sufficient to allow the fire protection blanket 210 to be used at least 10 times in extinguishing a fire, before it has to be replaced. The peripheral edge part 209 may be made lighter, because it will not be directly exposed to fire in the same way as the central part 208.
When a burning object 212, for instance a car has to be extinguished, the first step is to provide a fire protection blanket 201. This blanket 201 may be stored at a central location in a car park or may be part of the equipment carried in a fire engine. The fire protection blanket 201, which will normally be folded or wound into a more or less compact package, is then unfolded or unwound. Subsequently, the blanket 201 is arranged over the burning car 212. This will normally be done by two people (of whom only the arms 216 are shown in
In the illustrated embodiment the central part 208 of the blanket 201 has a surface area that is at least as great as the combined surface areas of the top 213 and sides 214 of the burning car 212. Consequently, the central part 208 can completely cover the burning car 212 and the peripheral edge part 209 will contact the ground 215 surrounding the burning car 212.
Due to the relatively lightweight structure of the peripheral edge part 209 and the pliant character of the fabric 202, this part 209 will easily conform to the contours of the ground 215. This already provides the beginnings of a seal. While the fire raging under the blanket 210 progressively consumes the oxygen, the pressure under the blanket will fall below ambient pressure. The peripheral edge part 209 will then be sucked tightly onto both the car 212 and the surrounding ground 215, thus perfecting the seal. This is illustrated by the concave shape 218 of the peripheral edge part 209 in
By using the fire protection blanket 210 to smother the fire, there is no need for any water, extinguisher foam or powder. In this way collateral damage to the surrounding area, in particular to other cars parked near the burning car 212 is minimized. Moreover, when the burning car 212 was traveling, the use of the fire protection blanket 210 means that the road may be unblocked immediately after the fire has been extinguished, without any need for major cleaning operations. And since the fire protection blanket 210 relies on suction due to oxygen depletion to provide a seal, rather than on ballast or support structures, it is relatively lightweight, simple to use and cost-effective.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments and description only serve to illustrate the invention and that changes in structure, materials and modes of utilization are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
