Patent Application
20200180283
This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 107143958, filed on Dec. 6, 2018. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.
The invention relates to a sealing film, a sealing member, and a sealing structure, and in particular, to a flexible sealing film, a flexible sealing member, and a flexible sealing structure.
A fuel cell is a device for generating current through reaction between hydrogen fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas by electrochemical stack-up. An electrolyte membrane as a core element in the fuel cell can be configured to provide high proton or ion conduction, block electrons and block gas fuel passing at two ends. A sealing member in the fuel cell is configured to enhance mechanical performance of an elementary cell, block electrons and block gas fuel passing at two ends.
Specifically, a polymer proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in the fuel cell uses a 5-layer membrane electrode assembly (MEA5). The MEA5 includes a polymer electrolyte membrane arranged between two electrodes and an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer located at two sides of the electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane, for example, consists of PBI (polybenzimidazole), and a catalyst in the catalyst layer, for example, consists of alloy, nickel on carbon or palladium or platinum metal catalyst and a mixture thereof. For mechanical support, current collection or reactant distribution, the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer are generally configured in adjacent to an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer (for example, a porous conductive flaky material), and the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer are together referred to as a gas diffusion electrode (GDE).
In a manufacturing process of the fuel cell, the electrolyte membrane of the membrane electrode assembly needs to be immersed into an acidic or alkaline electrolyte solution first to form an electrode membrane containing liquid. In order to increase a power density of the fuel cell, a thickness of each layer structure of the elementary cell needs to be reduced, but the reduction of the thickness causes other limitations and problems. For example, easy cracking of a rubber material of a sealing member of the membrane electrode assembly after long time use at high temperature, slippage or separation of the gas diffusion electrode and the electrolyte membrane from the sealing member, insufficient toughness or mechanical pressure resistance of the sealing member and the like all may cause gas or electrolyte seepage, or even cause problems of cell current leakage or fracture, etc., which leads to reduced cell performance and durability. That is, in order to ensure the effective operation of the cell, the sealing performance of the membrane electrode assembly, a flow field plate and the sealing member in the fuel cell is very important. Therefore, how to improve the sealing performance of the fuel cell is one of problems expected to be solved by those skilled in the art at present.
The invention provides a flexible sealing film and a flexible sealing member consisting of two flexible sealing films, which has high flame-retardant performance, high electric insulation performance, low gas seepage rate, chemical resistance characteristic, high mechanical performance, and flexibility.
The invention provides a flexible sealing structure which consists of a flexible sealing member and a membrane electrode assembly. The flexible sealing member can prevent gas or electrolyte liquid seepage, so that the formed flexible sealing structure has favorable cell performance and durability.
The flexible sealing film of the invention includes a polymer layer and a thermosetting resin layer. The thermosetting resin layer is arranged on a surface of the polymer layer, and includes (a) 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin, (b) 50 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of a phosphorous flame retardant, (c) 20 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight of a toughening agent, (d) 0.1 parts by weight to 2.0 parts by weight of a phosphine compound, (e) 2 parts by weight to 12 parts by weight of silicon dioxide and (f) 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight of an ion exchanger.
In an embodiment of the invention, each molecule of the epoxy resin includes two or more epoxy functional groups.
In an embodiment of the invention, the epoxy resin is selected from a group consisting of phenolic varnish resin, phenol A type epoxy resin, aromatic epoxy resin, and aliphatic epoxy resin.
In an embodiment of the invention, the phosphorous flame retardant is selected from a group consisting of tributyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphate, triphenyl phosphite, triphenylmethyl phosphate, and aromatic condensed phosphate shown in Formula 1.
In an embodiment of the invention, the toughening agent is selected from a group consisting of rubber including carboxyl and cyano groups, rubber including sec-amino and cyano groups, rubber including epoxy and cyano groups, and a diepoxide.
In an embodiment of the invention, the silicon dioxide is subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment.
In an embodiment of the invention, a particle diameter of the silicon dioxide ranges between 20 μm and 300 μm.
In an embodiment of the invention, a material of the polymer layer is selected from a group consisting of polyimide, polyamide-imide, polybenzoxazole, polyethylene, polyester, polyphenylsulfone, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene.
In an embodiment of the invention, a thickness of the polymer layer ranges between 5 Lm and 50 μm.
In an embodiment of the invention, a thickness of the thermosetting resin layer ranges between 25 μm and 300 μm.
In an embodiment of the invention, a thermal curing temperature of the thermosetting resin layer is higher than 90° C.
In an embodiment of the invention, a thermal decomposition temperature of the thermosetting resin layer is higher than 250° C.
The flexible sealing member of the invention includes the two flexible sealing films. The thermosetting resin layers in the flexible sealing films are opposite to be thermally bonded to each other.
The flexible sealing structure of the invention includes the flexible sealing films and the membrane electrode assembly, and the membrane electrode assembly is located between the two flexible sealing films.
In an embodiment of the invention, the membrane electrode assembly has a first surface and a second surface. A hollow region is formed in a center of each of the two flexible sealing films, and the hollow region exposes a portion of the first surface and a portion of the second surface of the membrane electrode assembly.
In an embodiment of the invention, the hollow region exposes 80% to 95% of the first surface and 80% to 95% of the second surface of the membrane electrode assembly.
In an embodiment of the invention, the two flexible sealing films are adhered onto an edge of the first surface and an edge of the second surface of the membrane electrode assembly.
In an embodiment of the invention, the membrane electrode assembly sequentially includes a first electrode gas diffusion layer, a first electrode catalyst layer, an electrolyte membrane layer, a second electrode catalyst layer, and a second electrode gas diffusion layer in a direction from the first surface to the second surface.
In an embodiment of the invention, side surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly are even.
In an embodiment of the invention, side surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly are not even.
Based on the above, the thermosetting resin layer of the flexible sealing film and the flexible sealing member of the invention have favorable flame retardant performance and are easy to process. The thermosetting resin layer thermally cured has higher electric insulation performance, low gas permeability, chemical resistant characteristic, high mechanical performance, and flexibility. Therefore, when the thermosetting resin layer is applied to the flexible sealing structure (cell) formed by the sealing membrane electrode assembly, the gas or electrolyte liquid seepage can be prevented, and better cell performance and durability are realized.
To make the features and advantages of the invention clear and easy to understand, the following gives a detailed description of embodiments with reference to accompanying drawings.
Referring to
In some embodiments, the polymer layer 104 consists of a heat-resistant polymer. In the present embodiment, the heat-resistant polymer refers to a polymer having a glass transition temperature higher than 200° C. and a thermal decomposition temperature higher than 350° C., and preferably refers to a polymer having a glass transition temperature higher than 300° C. and a thermal decomposition temperature higher than 450° C. For example, a material of the polymer layer 104 is, for example, selected from a group consisting of polyimide, polyamide-imide, polybenzoxazole, polystyrene-butadiene copolymer, polyester, polyphenylsulfone, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, and poly-cycloolefin polymers, and is preferably polyimide, but the invention is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, the polymer layer 104 is an airtight layer. In some embodiments, a thickness of the polymer layer is, for example, between 5 Lm and 50 μm, preferably between 15 Lm and 30 μm, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, thermosetting resin in the thermosetting resin layer 102 refers to a thermosetting polymer having a thermal curing temperature higher than 90° C. and a thermal decomposition temperature higher than 250° C., and preferably refers to a thermosetting polymer having a thermal curing temperature higher than 160° C. and a thermal decomposition temperature higher than 400° C. In some embodiments, the thermosetting resin layer 102, for example, consists of a non-halogen adhesive. For example, the non-halogen adhesive, for example, includes (a) 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin, (b) 50 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of a phosphorous flame retardant, (c) 20 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight of a toughening agent, (d) 0.1 parts by weight to 2.0 parts by weight of a phosphine compound, (e) 2 parts by weight to 12 parts by weight of silicon dioxide and (f) 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight of an ion exchanger.
In some embodiments, each molecule in the epoxy resin in the thermosetting resin layer 102, for example, includes two or more epoxy functional groups. For example, the epoxy resin is, for example, selected from a group consisting of phenolic resin, phenol A type epoxy resin, aromatic epoxy resin and aliphatic epoxy resin, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the phosphorous flame retardant in the thermosetting resin layer 102 may be configured to provide flame-retardant characteristics of the non-halogen adhesive. In some embodiments, the phosphorous flame retardant is, for example, selected from a group consisting of aliphatic phosphate, aromatic phosphate and aromatic condensed phosphate shown in Formula 1.
Ar is aryl. For example, the aliphatic phosphate, for example, includes tributyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate (TEP). The aromatic phosphate, for example, includes triphenyl phosphate (TPP), dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP), triphenyl phosphite and tricresyl phosphate, but the invention is not limited thereto. It is worth mentioning that if the addition amount of the phosphorous flame retardant is lower than 50 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin, the flame retardant performance of the prepared non-halogen adhesive is poor; otherwise, if the addition amount of the phosphorous flame retardant is higher than 100 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin, the heat resistant performance of the prepared non-halogen adhesive is reduced, and the peeling strength of the non-halogen adhesive cannot conform to the standard specification.
In some embodiments, the toughening agent in the thermosetting resin layer 102 may be configured to provide high flexibility required by the non-halogen adhesive after high-temperature curing, i.e., the toughening agent may be configured to increase the toughness of the non-halogen adhesive. In some embodiments, the toughening agent, for example, may include rubber or a diepoxide. Specifically, the toughening agent is, for example, selected from a group consisting of rubber including carboxyl and cyano groups, rubber including sec-amino and cyano groups, rubber including epoxy and cyano groups, and a diepoxide, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the rubber including carboxyl and cyano groups is, for example, carboxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN), which has a structure formula shown in Formula 2 below.
represents a structure formula shown in Formula 3 below (
represents the same structure hereafter).
X1, X2, y, and n are integers of 1 or greater. The rubber including sec-amino and cyano groups is, for example, amine-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (ATBN), which has a structure formula shown in Formula 4 below.
The rubber including epoxy and cyano groups is, for example, epoxide-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (ETBN), which has a structure formula shown in Formula 5 below.
The diepoxide, for example, has a structure formula shown in Formula 6 below.
The diepoxide may also be butanediol diglycidoylether, which has a structure formula shown in Formula 7 as follows:
The diepoxide may also be diglycidyl resorcinol ether, which has a structure formula shown in Formula 8 below.
In the present embodiment, the toughening agent may, for example, include one or a combination of the rubber or diepoxide.
In some embodiments, the phosphine compound in the thermosetting resin layer 102 may be used as a main catalyst for the non-halogen adhesive. In some embodiments, the phosphine compound, for example, includes triphenyl phosphine (TPP), ethyl triphenyl phosphine bromide (ETPPB), ethyl triphenyl phosphine iodide (ETPPI) or combinations thereof. The TPP has a structure formula shown in Formula 9 below.
The TPP compound can effectively promote a polymerization reaction between the epoxy resin having a reactive functional group at the end of a molecular chain and the toughening agent.
In some embodiments, the silicon dioxide in the thermosetting resin layer 102 may be subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment. In a specific embodiment, the silicon dioxide is, for example, subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane, the silicon dioxide after being subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment has lipophilicity, but the invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, a particle diameter of the silicon dioxide is, for example, between 20 nm and 300 nm. It is worth mentioning that if the silicon dioxide is not subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment, or the addition amount of the silicon dioxide subjected to the surface hydrophobic treatment is lower than 2 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin, the flame retardant performance of the prepared non-halogen adhesive is poor; otherwise, if the addition amount of the silicon dioxide subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment is higher than 12 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin, the peeling strength of the non-halogen adhesive cannot reach the standard specification.
In some embodiments, the ion exchanger in the thermosetting resin layer 102, for example, includes a cation exchanger or an anion exchanger. For example, the cation exchanger, for example, includes Sb2O5.2H2O, the anion exchanger, for example, includes Bi(OH)0.7(NO3)0.3, BiO(OH)0.74(NO3)0.15(HsiO3)0.11, BiO(OH), or combinations thereof, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, a solvent used by the non-halogen adhesive in the thermosetting resin layer 102 is, for example, selected from a group consisting of methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-propyl alcohol, methylbenzene, and xylene, but the invention is not limited thereto. It is worth noting that the solvent used has a wetting effect on the silicon dioxide subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment.
The epoxy resin, the phosphorous flame retardant, the toughening agent, the phosphine compound, the silicon dioxide and the ion exchanger are used as a main agent of the non-halogen adhesive. In the present embodiment, a preparation mode of the non-halogen adhesive is, for example, that the main agent is prepared first, i.e., the epoxy resin, the phosphorous flame retardant, the toughening agent, the phosphine compound, the silicon dioxide and the ion exchanger in the main agent are completely dissolved into the solvent first, and the main agent is formed after the reaction completion. Next, a hardening agent and a hardening catalyst at a specific proportion are added into the main agent, and are uniformly mixed to prepare the non-halogen adhesive. In detail, after the non-halogen adhesive is coated onto a base plate (for example, a polymer layer 104) to be formed by a coating machine, during oven drying and high-temperature curing, the hardening agent can generate a curing effect with the epoxy resin in the main agent, and the hardening catalyst can be configured to improve a curing rate of the hardening agent and the epoxy resin in the non-halogen adhesive. The polymer layer 104 after being subjected to high-temperature curing and the thermosetting resin layer 102 form the flexible sealing film 100 in the present embodiment, and a hollow region 110A is cut in the center of the flexible sealing film 100 in a subsequent procedure according to requirements (described in detail later). In some embodiments, a drying temperature is, for example, between 100° C. and 150° C., and a drying time is, for example, between 1 minute and 3 minutes, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the hardening agent is, for example, selected from a group consisting of cyanoguanidine, diethylene triamine, diethylene tetraamine, diamino diphenyl methane, diamino diphenyl sulfone, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydro phthalic anhydride, boron trifluoride amine complex compounds, multi-functional epoxy and phenolic resin, and one or a combination of the above may be selected to be used according to requirements, but the invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the consumption of the hardening agent is, for example, 1 part by weight to 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the main agent, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the hardening catalyst is, for example, selected from a group consisting of 2-phenylimidazole, 1-phenyl-2-methyl imidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole, BF3 monoethylamine, zinc borofluoride, tin borofluoride, zickel borofluoride and piperidine (PIP), and one or a combination of the above may be selected to be used according to requirements, but the invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the consumption of the hardening catalyst is, for example, 0.1 parts by weight to 2 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the main agent, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the thermosetting resin layer 102 is, for example, between 25 μm and 300 μm, and is preferably between 50 μm and 200 μm, but the invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the thermal curing temperature of the thermosetting resin layer 102 is, for example, higher than 90° C., and the thermal decomposition temperature is, for example, higher than 250° C., but the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to
It is worth mentioning that the non-halogen adhesive of the present embodiment includes the silicon dioxide, the toughening agent and the ion exchanger, so that the thermosetting resin layer 102 formed with the above-mentioned non-halogen adhesive can reduce the air permeability of the thermosetting resin layer 102 to effectively prevent the gas leakage, thereby improving the high-temperature resistance, toughness, flexibility and electric insulation performance. Further, when the flexible sealing film 100 is applied to fuel cell packaging, in case that a seal package of the fuel cell is compressed and the fuel cell runs for a long time, the flexible sealing film 100 of the present embodiment has high flatness and airtightness, so that the electrolyte liquid seepage of the membrane electrode assembly (described in detail later) in the fuel cell can be prevented. That is, the flexible sealing film of the invention is applicable to the packaging of flexible fuel cells, is preferably applicable to a phosphoric acid fuel cell and an alkaline fuel cell, and is more preferably applicable to the phosphoric acid fuel cell, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to
In detail, the membrane electrode assembly 200a has a first surface 201a and a second surface 201b. A hollow region 100A in the center of the two flexible sealing films 100 exposes a portion of the first surface 201a and a portion of the second surface 201b of the membrane electrode assembly 200a. In some embodiments, the hollow region 100A exposes 80% to 95% of the first surface 201a and 80% to 95% of the second surface 201b of the membrane electrode assembly 200a, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the membrane electrode assembly 200a sequentially includes a first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a, a first electrode catalyst layer 204a, an electrolyte membrane layer 208a, a second electrode catalyst layer 204b, and a second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b in a direction from the first surface 201a to the second surface 201b.
In some embodiments, a phosphoric acid solution needs to be contained in the electrolyte membrane layer 208a of the membrane electrode assembly 200a to be used as a hydrogen proton conduction material. In a specific embodiment, a manufacturing mode of the electrolyte membrane layer 208a using the phosphoric acid solution as acidic electrolyte liquid is, for example, immersing an electrolyte membrane into the phosphoric acid electrolyte liquid. For example, a polybenzimidazole (PBI) electrolyte membrane may be elected to be immersed into the phosphoric acid solution to obtain the electrolyte membrane layer 208a containing the phosphoric acid electrolyte liquid, where an immersing temperature is, for example, between 60° C. and 140° C., an immersing time is, for example, between 1 hour and 14 hours, a total phosphoric acid immersion quantity is about 180 wt % to 300 wt %. In other embodiments, a potassium hydroxide solution, for example, may be contained in the electrolyte membrane layer 208a of the membrane electrode assembly 200a to be used as a hydroxyl ion conduction material. In a specific embodiment, a manufacturing mode of the electrolyte membrane layer 208a using the potassium hydroxide solution as alkaline electrolyte liquid is, for example, immersing an electrolyte membrane into the potassium hydroxide electrolyte liquid. For example, a PBI electrolyte membrane may be selected to be immersed into the potassium hydroxide solution to obtain the electrolyte membrane layer 208a containing the potassium hydroxide electrolyte liquid, where an immersing temperature is, for example, between 60° C. and 140° C., an immersing time is, for example, between 1 hour and 14 hours, a total potassium hydroxide immersion quantity is about 180 wt % to 300 wt %.
In some embodiments, the first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a and the first electrode catalyst layer 204a constitute a first gas diffusion electrode 206a, and the second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b and the second electrode catalyst layer 204b constitute a second gas diffusion electrode 206b. In a specific embodiment, a manufacturing mode of the first gas diffusion electrode 206a/the second gas diffusion electrode 206b is, for example, using carbon cloth or carbon paper as the first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a/the second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b, next, mixing commercial Pt/C and DMAc solvents according to a proportion of 1:10 to prepare a Pt/C catalyst slurry, coating the Pt/C catalyst slurry onto the first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a/the second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b in a scraping coating or spray coating mode, and performing drying at a temperature of 140° C. to 200° C. so as to form the first electrode catalyst layer 204a/the second electrode catalyst layer 204b on the first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a/the second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b. The total Pt content is, for example, between about 0.15 mg/cm2 and 1 mg/cm2, but the invention is not limited thereto. So far, the first gas diffusion electrode 206a and the second gas diffusion electrode 206b can be respectively prepared.
Next, the first electrode catalyst layer 204a of the first gas diffusion electrode 206a and the second electrode catalyst layer 204b of the second gas diffusion electrode 206b are opposite to each other to be stacked up with the electrolyte membrane layer 208a containing the electrolyte liquid being placed therebetween. That is, the first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a, the first electrode catalyst layer 204a, the electrolyte membrane layer 208a, the second electrode catalyst layer 204b and the second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b are sequentially arranged sequentially from top to bottom (as shown in
As shown in
In the present embodiment, the first gas diffusion electrode 206a, the first electrode gas diffusion layer 202a and the first electrode catalyst layer 204a may respectively represent a gas diffusion anode, an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode catalyst layer, while the second gas diffusion electrode 206b, the second electrode gas diffusion layer 202b and the second electrode catalyst layer 204b respectively represent a gas diffusion cathode, a cathode gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer, and vice versa.
Referring to
Referring to
It is worth mentioning that the flexible sealing structure 10 after sealing can provide mechanical intensity and flexibility during flexure or compression of the membrane electrode assembly 200a to solve the problem of electrolyte liquid overflowing and leakage during packaging, and also can separate an anode and a cathode from fuel gas in an ambient environment to avoid mutual passing of fuel at two ends of the membrane electrode assembly 200a, thereby improving the electric power density and stability of the cell.
The invention will be specifically illustrated with reference to exemplary embodiments hereafter. Although the following experiments are illustrated, the used materials, content and rate, processing details, processing flow process, etc. can be properly changed without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention should not be restrictively interpreted according to experiments described below.
Hereafter, the characteristics of the thermosetting resin layer in the flexible sealing film of the invention are illustrated in detail with reference to Table 1 and Table 2.
The thermosetting resin layers in Example 1 to Example 4 and Comparative examples will be prepared according to the main agent composition and proportion in Table 1 below:
In each Example above, a reaction temperature is 85° C., a reaction pressure is 1 atm, and the steps of the main agent of each Example is as follows:
Step 1: the solvent, the phosphorous flame retardant, and the silicon dioxide are mixed and stirred for 1 hour to form a mixture 1.
Step 2: the toughening agent is added into the mixture 1 and is stirred for 2 hours to form a mixture 2.
Step 3: the epoxy resin is added into the mixture 2 and is stirred for 2 hours to form a mixture 3.
Step 4: the phosphorous compound and the ion exchanger are added into the mixture 3 for reaction for 24 hours to prepare the required main agent of the invention for later use.
In Addition, a preparation mode of the hardening agent in each Example is dissolving 12 kg of diamino diphenyl sulfone into 18 kg of acetone to prepare a total of 30 kg of hardening agent for later use. A preparation mode of the hardening catalyst in each Example is dissolving 0.5 kg of boron trifluoride into 1.5 kg of monoethylamine to prepare a total of 2.0 kg of hardening catalyst for later use.
Next, 100 parts by weight of the main agent, 30 parts by weight of the hardening agent (including about 12 parts by weight of the diamino diphenyl sulfone) and 2 parts by weight of the hardening catalyst (including about 0.5 part by weight of BF3 monoethylamine) are mixed to prepare the non-halogen adhesive with a viscosity of 200 cps.
The above-mentioned non-halogen adhesive is coated onto a plastic release sheet having thickness of 12 μm, where a coating thickness is 50 Lm, and then, drying is performed for 3 minutes at a temperature of 150° C., so as to prepare the thermosetting resin layer. Next, the two thermosetting resin layers are face to face to be thermally pressed and bonded, where the thermal pressing bonding temperature is 120° C., the thermal pressing bonding pressure is 10 kg, the plastic release sheets at two sides are peeled off to prepare the stacked thermosetting resin layer having a thickness of 50 μm. Finally, the stacked thermosetting resin layer is subjected to high-temperature curing for 12 hours at 170° C. to obtain the thermosetting resin layer of each Example.
Next, the flame-retardant performance, electric property, peeling strength, flexibility and solvent resistance test is performed for a test piece (the thermosetting resin layer) of each Example above. Test manners are provided as follows.
(1) A flame-retardant performance test: a VTM-O test is performed according to UL94 authentication.
(2) A peeling strength test: a test is performed according to IPC TM650 2, 4, 9 methods, the test piece is cut with a width of about 1 cm, and the peeling strength of the test piece is tested by a tension machine.
(3) Surface impedance: a test is performed according to IPC TM650 2, 5, 17 methods.
(4) Volume impedance: a test is performed according to IPC TM650 2, 5, 17 methods.
(5) A flexibility test: a test is performed according to an MIT method and IPC TM650 2, 4, 3 methods.
(6) An environment resistance test: the test piece is placed in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity machine at 80° C. and 100% RH for 1000 h, and then the peeling strength of the test piece is tested.
(7) A gas permeability test: in the test, the gas permeability is tested by a pressure difference method test principle. The pre-treated test piece is placed and clamped between upper and lower test cavities. Firstly, vacuum treatment is carried out on a low-pressure cavity (the lower cavity); then, the whole system is vacuumized; the test lower cavity is closed after a specified vacuum degree is reached; test gas at a certain pressure is charged into a high-pressure cavity (the upper cavity); and a constant pressure difference is enabled to be formed at two sides of the test piece, so that the gas seeps from a high-pressure side to a low-pressure side under the effect of the pressure difference gradient, and each blocking performance parameter of the tested test piece is obtained through monitoring the pressure intensity at the low-pressure side.
(8) Solvent resistance: the test pieces are respectively placed into 10.26 M phosphoric acid, 1 M sodium hydroxide and 1 M potassium hydroxide boiling solvents for 2 h, and then cleaned with deionized water, and then the gas permeability detection is performed.
The characteristic test results of the thermosetting resin layer of each Example are shown in Table 2.
From above results, the thermosetting resin layers of Example 1 to Example 4 in the experiment have higher flame-retardant performance, electric property, flexibility and solvent resistance than the thermosetting resin layer in Comparative example.
Hereafter, characteristics of the flexible sealing structure of the invention are illustrated in detail with reference to Table 3 and
In the present embodiment, a membrane electrode assembly uses an even side surface assembly mode (as shown in
In the present embodiment, the flexible sealing member consists of two flexible sealing films. A preparation mode of the flexible sealing films is coating a non-halogen adhesive in Example 3 above onto a polyimide plastic film having a thickness of 25 μm, where a coating thickness is 50 μm, and then performing drying for 3 minutes at a temperature of 150° C. to obtain the flexible sealing film of the present embodiment.
Next, a sealing manufacturing process of the membrane electrode assembly is performed. In the present embodiment, a total area of the flexible sealing film is 9×9 cm2. A hollow region is formed in the center of the flexible sealing film, has an area of 4.8×4.8 cm2, and can allow the passage of fuel gas of the membrane electrode assembly. The sealing manufacturing process includes the steps of placing the membrane electrode assembly between the two flexible sealing films, where thermosetting resin layers of the flexible sealing films respectively face the membrane electrode assembly; and next, performing thermal pressing sealing bonding by a vacuum heater press, where a vacuum degree of the thermal pressing sealing is 75 KPa, a temperature of the thermal pressing sealing is, for example, between 140° C. and 160° C., and a pressure is, for example, between 20 MPa and 30 MPa. So far, the flexible sealing structure (cell) of the present embodiment can be obtained.
The flexible sealing structure according to Example 2 is prepared according to a preparation procedure similar to that of Example 1. The difference is that in Example 2, a preparation mode of a membrane electrode assembly uses an uneven side surface assembly mode. That is, an electrolyte membrane layer in the membrane electrode assembly protrudes out of the cathode gas diffusion electrode and the anode gas diffusion electrode (as shown in
The flexible sealing structure of Comparative Example 1 is prepared according to a preparation procedure similar to that of Example 1. The difference is that in Comparative Example 1, a preparation mode of the flexible sealing film is changed to use the non-halogen adhesive of the comparative example above. Other manufacturing processes are all performed with reference to Comparative Example 1 to obtain the flexible sealing structure (cell) of the present comparative example.
The flexible sealing structure of Comparative Example 2 is prepared according to a preparation procedure similar to that of Example 2. The difference is that in Comparative Example 2, a preparation mode of the flexible sealing film is changed to using the non-halogen adhesive of the comparative example above. Other manufacturing processes are all performed with reference to Example 2 to obtain the flexible sealing structure (cell) of the present comparative example.
The sealing gas leakage and electrode electric power test is performed for the flexible stacked structure (cell) in Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. A test method is as follows.
For the detection of the cell performance, the cell and runner plate of each embodiment are assembled, and the electric property of the cell is tested by introducing fuel gas.
Referring to
Firstly, the cell is heated to 160° C., a leakage test is performed for the membrane electrode assembly, and the cell is tested under the condition of maintaining nitrogen gas supply. In the test, a pressure of the leakage test is 28 psi, and a leakage rate of the cell of each embodiment is measured. Additionally, a flexibility test is performed for the cell of Example 1. For the flexibility test, a cell sealing gas leakage test is performed after the cell is folded for 1,000 times at a folding radius of 10 mm.
Firstly, the cell in each embodiment is activated according to the following activation steps: (1) in an OCV state, hydrogen gas is introduced at 200 c.c./min from an anode end, air is introduced at 500 c.c./min from a cathode end, and a temperature of the cell is raised to 120° C.; (2) after the temperature of the cell reaches 120° C., a certain current of 200 mA/cm2 is loaded, and the temperature of the cell is continuously raised to 180° C.; (3) after the temperature of the cell reaches 180° C., a flow rate of reaction gas is changed into an equivalence ratio of 1.2 (hydrogen gas) to 2 (air); and (4) continuous operation is carried out for 24 hours to 72 hours until a voltage of the cell reaches a stable state.
After the cell is activated, under the operation condition of the temperature between 140° C. and 180° C., the hydrogen gas and the air (at a dose ratio of about 1:2) are introduced. Additionally, in order to accelerate an aging test, the gas flow rate is improved to 3 times of a standard flow rate. That is, the test conditions include the hydrogen gas of 1500 sccm, the air of 3,000 sccm, an operation temperature of 160° C. and a constant voltage of 0.6 V. Under such conditions, a current value of the cell of each embodiment is measured.
In addition, a long-time effectiveness test is performed on the cell. The cell is operated at a high temperature of 160° C. or higher (160° C. to 180° C.) for at least 200 h, and a voltage reduction amplitude of the cell of each embodiment is measured at a current value of 0.2 A/cm2.
The sealing air leakage and electrode electric power test results of the flexible stack structure (cell) of each embodiment are shown in Table 3 below.
It can be known from Table 3 that the measured cell leakage rate of the cell in Example 1 is 12 cc/m, after the repeated folding, the measured cell leakage rate is 13 cc/m. That is, the gas leakage rate of the cell has no obvious change after the flexibility test. In the electrode electric power test, the current values of the cell of Example 1 measured before and after the flexibility test are respectively 295 mA/cm2 and 312 mA/cm2, and in the 200-hour long-time effective test, the voltage reduction amplitudes of the cell measured before and after the flexibility test are both smaller than 2% based on an initial voltage. That is, the sealing performance and the flexibility of the cell of Example 1 are favorable. However, in Comparative Example 1, the measured cell leakage rate of the cell is 112 cc/m, in the electrode electric power test, the current value of the cell is only 88 mA/cm2, in the long-time effective test, the measured voltage reduction amplitude of the cell in 40 hours exceeds 30% based on the initial voltage (reduced from 0.64 V to 0.44 V). That is, the cell in Comparative Example 1 has a gas leakage phenomenon, and has poor sealing performance.
In addition, as shown in
In addition, as shown by results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 in Table 3, the flexible sealing member of the invention may also be applied to the membrane electrode assembly in the uneven side surface assembly mode. However, the electrolyte membrane of the membrane electrode assembly contains the electrolyte liquid, so that the electrolyte liquid easily leaks when the cell is prepared at the above temperature and pressure. Therefore, after the sealing by the flexible sealing member, bubbles or creases that cannot be tightly sealed are liable to occur in the turning position or the edge position of the membrane cell assembly (as shown in
Based on the above, the thermosetting resin layer of the flexible sealing film and the flexible sealing member of the invention has favorable flame-retardant performance and is easy to process, the thermosetting resin layer thermally cured has higher electric insulation performance, low gas permeability, chemical resistance characteristic, high mechanical performance and flexibility. Therefore, when the thermosetting resin layer is applied to seal the flexible sealing structure (cell) formed by the membrane electrode assembly, the gas or electrolyte liquid leakage can be avoided, and favorable cell performance and durability are realized.
Although the invention is described with reference to the above embodiments, the embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. A person of ordinary skill in the art may make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention should be subject to the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 107143958 | Dec 2018 | TW | national |
