Patent Grant
11821414
The present disclosure relates to a fluid control apparatus utilizing a piezoelectric element.
Hitherto, various fluid control apparatuses that transport fluids by utilizing piezoelectric elements have been developed, including the one disclosed by Patent Document 1.
The fluid control apparatus disclosed by Patent Document 1 includes a pump chamber and a valve chamber. The valve chamber includes a valve top plate, a valve bottom plate, and a film. The valve top plate and the valve bottom plate each have through-holes provided at positions not coinciding with the through-holes of the other plate. The valve chamber is connected to the pump chamber through the through-holes provided in the valve bottom plate.
The film is provided between the valve top plate and the valve bottom plate. The film has through-holes. The positions of the through-holes provided in the film coincide with the through-holes provided in the valve top plate. Therefore, when a fluid flows in from the pump chamber (through the through-holes of the valve bottom plate), the fluid is discharged to the outside through the through-holes of the film and the through-holes of the valve top plate. In contrast, when a fluid flows in from the through-holes of the valve top plate, the film closes the through-holes of the valve bottom plate, preventing the backflow of the fluid into the pump chamber. Thus, the fluid control apparatus disclosed by Patent Document 1 exerts a rectifying function.
In the fluid control apparatus disclosed by Patent Document 1, however, the path of the fluid is bent a plurality of times in the valve chamber. Therefore, it is not easy to achieve a high flow rate.
Accordingly, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a fluid control apparatus that achieves a high flow rate.
A fluid control apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a first major plate, a second major plate, a peripheral plate, and a pump chamber. The first major plate has a first major surface and a second major surface. The second major plate has a third major surface and a fourth major surface. The third major surface faces the first major surface. The peripheral plate connects the first major plate and the second major plate to each other. The pump chamber is a space enclosed by the first major plate, the second major plate, and the peripheral plate.
The first major plate includes a central portion, a frame portion provided around the circumference of the central portion, a supporting portion connected to the frame portion and to the central portion and supporting the central portion such that the central portion is vibratable, and a first opening. The first opening is provided between the central portion and the frame portion and connects the pump chamber and an outside area near the second major surface to each other. The second major plate includes a second opening. The second opening connects the pump chamber and an outside area near the fourth major surface to each other and is provided at a position at least partially coinciding with the supporting portion or the frame portion. The fluid control apparatus further includes a piezoelectric device provided on the central portion and that vibrates the central portion. The fluid control apparatus further includes a rectification base member, a first rectifying member, and a second rectifying member.
The rectification base member projects from an inner wall of the peripheral plate and is positioned between the first major plate and the second major plate. The first rectifying member is positioned between the first major plate and the rectification base member and controls the generation of the flow of a fluid in a space between the first major plate and the rectification base member in accordance with the vibration of the central portion. The second rectifying member is positioned between the second major plate and the rectification base member and controls the generation of the flow of the fluid in a space between the second major plate and the rectification base member in accordance with the vibration of the central portion and such that the direction of the flow is opposite to that controlled by the first rectifying member.
In the above configuration, the state of the apparatus is switchable in accordance with the vibration caused in the central portion of the first major plate, between a state where the pump chamber is connected to the first opening but is disconnected from (closed to or separated from) the second opening and a state where the pump chamber is connected to the second opening but is disconnected from (closed to or separated from) the first opening. In such a configuration, the path of the fluid is not complicatedly bent. Therefore, the flow rate is less likely to be reduced.
According to the present disclosure, a fluid control apparatus that achieves a high flow rate is provided.
A fluid control apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in
The first major plate 20 is a flat plate having a circular plan-view shape. The first major plate 20 has a first major surface 211 and a second major surface 212, each of which has a circular shape. The first major surface 211 and the second major surface 212 are positioned opposite to each other.
The first major plate 20 includes a central portion 21, a frame portion 22, a supporting portion 23, and a first opening 230. The central portion 21 has a circular plan-view shape. The frame portion 22 has an annular shape. The frame portion 22 extends along the circumference of the central portion 21 and surrounds the central portion 21.
The supporting portion 23 and the first opening 230 extend along the circumferential end of the central portion 21 and between the central portion 21 and the frame portion 22. The first opening 230 is a cut extending through the first major plate 20 between the first major surface 211 and the second major surface 212.
The supporting portion 23 connects the circumferential end of the central portion 21 and the inner circumferential end of the frame portion 22 to each other. The supporting portion 23 is, for example, one of a plurality of supporting portions 23. In the embodiment illustrated in
The central portion 21 preferably has a circular shape but may have a substantially circular shape such as an oval shape, or a polygonal shape. The outline shape of the frame portion 22, i.e., the outline shape of the first major plate 20, is not limited to a circular shape and may be determined according to need in coordination with the outline shape of the fluid control apparatus 10.
The first major plate 20 is made of metal, for example. The first major plate 20 only needs to be capable of undergoing bending vibration in the central portion 21 thereof when the piezoelectric device 30, to be described below, is strained. Bending vibration refers to vibration in which the first major surface 211 and the second major surface 212 are displaced in such a manner as to wave in a side view of the central portion 21, as illustrated in
The piezoelectric device 30 includes a disc-shaped piezoelectric element and driving electrodes. The driving electrodes are provided on the two major surfaces, respectively, of the disc-shaped piezoelectric element.
The piezoelectric device 30 is provided on the second major surface 212 of the first major plate 20 at the central portion 21. In plan view, the center of the piezoelectric device 30 and the center of the central portion 21 substantially coincide with each other. The piezoelectric device 30 is strained when a driving signal is applied to the driving electrodes thereof. With the strain, the central portion 21 vibrates as described above.
The second major plate 40 is a flat plate having a circular plan-view shape. The material, thickness, and other relevant factors of the second major plate 40 are preferably determined such that the second major plate 40 undergoes substantially no bending vibration. The outline shape of the second major plate 40 is large enough to cover the outline shape of the first major plate 20. The second major plate 40 has a third major surface 401 and a fourth major surface 402, each of which has a circular shape. The third major surface 401 and the fourth major surface 402 are positioned opposite to each other.
The second major plate 40 has a plurality of second openings 400. The plurality of second openings 400 are cylindrical through-holes extending through the second major plate 40 between the third major surface 401 and the fourth major surface 402. The plurality of second openings 400 are arranged on the circumference of a circle having the origin thereof at the center of the second major plate 40.
Generally, the plurality of second openings 400 are provided near the circumferential end of the second major plate 40. For example, in a plan view of the fluid control apparatus 10 (when seen in a direction orthogonal to the major surfaces of the first major plate 20 and the second major plate 40), the plurality of second openings 400 partially coincide with the frame portion 22 of the first major plate 20 or an area where the supporting portions 23 and the first openings 230 are provided. With respect to the plurality of second openings 400, a portion of the second major plate 40 that is on the center side serves as a central portion 41, and a portion of the second major plate 40 that is on the outer side serves as a peripheral portion 42.
The second major plate 40 is positioned such that the major surfaces thereof extend parallel to the major surfaces of the first major plate 20. In this state, the third major surface 401 of the second major plate 40 and the first major surface 211 of the first major plate 20 face each other. Furthermore, the plan-view center of the second major plate 40 and the plan-view center of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20 substantially coincide with each other.
As with the case of the first major plate 20, the outline shape of the second major plate 40 is not limited to a circular shape and may be determined according to need in coordination with the outline shape of the fluid control apparatus 10.
The peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52 are each an annular column. The materials, thicknesses, and other relevant factors of the peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52 are preferably determined such that the peripheral plates 51 and 52 undergo substantially no bending vibration.
The peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52 are positioned between the first major plate 20 and the second major plate 40. One height-direction end of the peripheral plate 51 is connected to the first major surface 211 of the first major plate 20 at the frame portion 22. The other height-direction end of the peripheral plate 51 is connected to one height-direction end of the peripheral plate 52 with the rectification base member 80, to be described below, interposed therebetween. The other height-direction end of the peripheral plate 52 is connected to the third major surface 401 of the second major plate 40 at the peripheral portion 42.
The fluid control apparatus 10 configured as above has a space enclosed by the first major plate 20, the second major plate 40, and the peripheral plate 50 (including the rectification base member 80, exactly). The space serves as a pump chamber 100 of the fluid control apparatus 10.
The rectification base member 80 is an annular flat plate. The rectification base member 80 has a major surface 801 and a major surface 802, which are positioned opposite to each other. The material, thickness, and other relevant factors of the rectification base member 80 are preferably determined such that the rectification base member 80 undergoes substantially no bending vibration. The inner-end (inner-circumferential) diameter (inside diameter) of the rectification base member 80 is smaller than each of the inside diameters of the peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52 and is greater than the diameter of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20. The outer-end (outer-circumferential) diameter (outside diameter) of the rectification base member 80 is, for example, substantially equal to each of the outside diameters of the peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52.
The rectification base member 80 is held between the peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52. The major surface 801 of the rectification base member 80 is connected to the peripheral plate 51. The major surface 802 of the rectification base member 80 is connected to the peripheral plate 52. In this state, the inner end of the rectification base member 80 projects inward (toward the pump chamber 100) with respect to the inner ends of the peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52 over the entire circumference thereof.
The first film 61 has an annular shape. The first film 61 is made of a flexible material and bends when receiving an external force. The inner-end (inner-circumferential) diameter (inside diameter) of the first film 61 is smaller than the diameter of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20. The outer-end (outer-circumferential) diameter (outside diameter) of the first film 61 is greater than the diameter of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20.
The fixing member 71 has an annular shape. The inside diameter of the fixing member 71 is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the first film 61. The outside diameter of the fixing member 71 is smaller than the outside diameter of the first film 61 and is smaller than the diameter of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20.
The first film 61 is fixed to the first major surface 211 of the first major plate 20 with the fixing member 71 interposed therebetween. The first film 61 is fixed to the central portion 21. The center of the first film 61 substantially coincides with the center of the central portion 21.
Specifically, a portion of the first film 61 that is at the inner end and has a predetermined area is fixed to the first major plate 20 with the fixing member 71 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the other portion of the first film 61 that is on the outer side and is not connected to the fixing member 71 serves as a movable portion of the first film 61. That is, the inner end of the first film 61 serves as a fixed end of the first film 61, and an annular portion of the first film 61 that is on the outer side with respect to the fixed end serves as the movable portion of the first film 61. Furthermore, the outer end (movable end) of the first film 61 is positioned closer to the peripheral plate 51 than (on the outer side with respect to) the circumferential end of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20 and the inner end of the rectification base member 80.
The second film 62 has an annular shape. The second film 62 is made of a flexible material and bends when receiving an external force. The inner-end (inner-circumferential) diameter (inside diameter) of the second film 62 is smaller than the diameter of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40. The outer-end (outer-circumferential) diameter (outside diameter) of the second film 62 is greater than the diameter of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40.
The fixing member 72 has an annular shape. The outside diameter of the fixing member 72 is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the second film 62. The inside diameter of the fixing member 72 is greater than each of the inside diameter of the second film 62 and the inside diameter of the rectification base member 80.
The second film 62 is fixed to the major surface 802 of the rectification base member 80 with the fixing member 72 interposed therebetween. The center of the second film 62 substantially coincides with the center of the rectification base member 80.
Specifically, a portion of the second film 62 that is at the outer end and has a predetermined area is fixed to the rectification base member 80 with the fixing member 72 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the other portion of the second film 62 that is on the inner side and is not connected to the fixing member 72 serves as a movable portion of the second film 62. That is, the outer end of the second film 62 serves as a fixed end of the second film 62, and an annular portion of the second film 62 that is on the inner side with respect to the fixed end serves as the movable portion of the second film 62. The outer end (fixed end) of the second film 62 is positioned closer to the peripheral plate 51 than (on the outer side with respect to) the circumferential end of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40.
In the above configuration, when the central portion 21 vibrates, the fluid control apparatus 10 alternately takes a first state illustrated in
In the first state illustrated in
Since the space on the center side of the central portion 21 has a low (negative) pressure, the fluid in an area outside the fluid control apparatus 10 and near the second major plate 40 moves to flow into the pump chamber 100 through the second openings 400.
Here, as described above, the second film 62 is fixed at the outer end thereof, with the inner portion thereof serving as the movable portion. Hence, as illustrated in
Meanwhile, as described above, the first film 61 is fixed at the inner end thereof, with the outer portion thereof serving as the movable portion. Hence, as illustrated in
In the second state illustrated in
Since the space on the center side of the central portion 21 has a high (positive) pressure, the fluid in the pump chamber 100 of the fluid control apparatus 10 moves to flow out of the fluid control apparatus 10 through the first openings 230 and the second openings 400.
Here, as described above, the first film 61 is fixed at the inner end thereof, with the outer portion thereof serving as the movable portion. Hence, as illustrated in
Meanwhile, as described above, the second film 62 is fixed at the outer end thereof, with the inner portion thereof serving as the movable portion. Hence, as illustrated in
With such a configuration, the fluid control apparatus 10 is capable of causing the fluid to flow from the outside area near the second major plate 40 to the outside area near the first major plate 20 by using a first rectifying member, which is formed of the first film 61 and the fixing member 71, and a second rectifying member, which is formed of the second film 62 and the fixing member 72. Furthermore, since the fluid control apparatus 10 is configured as above, the fluid is transported along a path that is not complicatedly bent. Consequently, the loss that may occur during the transportation of the fluid is reduced, and the fluid control apparatus 10 achieves a high flow rate.
In the fluid control apparatus 10, the first film 61 is positioned on the outer side with respect to the node N21 of vibration of the central portion 21. Therefore, in the state where the first openings 230 and the central area of the pump chamber 100 are closed to each other, the part of the central portion 21 where the first film 61 is provided is displaced toward the rectification base member 80. Hence, the first film 61 is easily brought into contact with the major surface 801 of the rectification base member 80. Consequently, in the fluid control apparatus 10, the backflow of the fluid from the first openings 230 is prevented more assuredly.
In the other state where the first openings 230 and the central area of the pump chamber 100 are connected to each other, the part of the central portion 21 where the first film 61 is provided is displaced away from the rectification base member 80. Therefore, the gap between the first film 61 and the rectification base member 80 is widened, that is, the size of the opening therebetween is increased. Accordingly, the flow rate at the time of discharge is increased.
With the above configuration, the fluid control apparatus 10 achieves a higher flow rate.
In the fluid control apparatus 10, the inner end of the rectification base member 80 is positioned on the outer side with respect to (nearer to the peripheral plate than) the outer end of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20. Therefore, even when the central portion 21 vibrates, the central portion 21 does not interfere with the rectification base member 80. Thus, the fluid control apparatus 10 achieves high reliability and a high flow rate simultaneously.
A fluid control apparatus according to a second embodiment will now be described with reference to the drawing.
As illustrated in
The central portion 21A of the first major plate 20A includes a first region 251 and a second region 252. The second region 252 is thicker than the first region 251. The second region 252 projects from the second major surface 212 with respect to the first region 251, whereby the thickness difference is produced. The average thickness of the central portion 21A is greater on the inner side with respect to the node N21 of vibration than on the outer side with respect to the node N21. The piezoelectric device 30 is provided on the second region 252. The position of the node N21 is detectable with a device such as a laser displacement gauge that utilizes the Doppler effect.
With such a configuration, the vibration waveform of the central portion 21A (the way of deformation of the central portion 21A) is controllable. Specifically, the displacement of the central portion 21A due to vibration is greater near the circumference. Thus, the deformation of the first film 61 is promoted, and the efficiency of rectification by the fluid control apparatus 10A is increased. Consequently, the fluid control apparatus 10A achieves a higher flow rate.
A fluid control apparatus according to a third embodiment will now be described with reference to the drawing.
As illustrated in
The second major plate 40 has a recess 411. The recess 411 is a depression that is open in the third major surface 401 of the second major plate 40 in the central portion 41. The space provided in the recess 411 has a round columnar shape. The recess 411 is continuous with the pump chamber 100.
Such a configuration suppresses the interference between the central portion 21B and the second major plate 40 that may occur when the central portion 21B vibrates. Consequently, the fluid control apparatus 10B has improved durability with low noise.
A fluid control apparatus according to a fourth embodiment will now be described with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in
The fluid control apparatus 10C includes the first film 61C, the second film 62C, a fixing member 71C, and a fixing member 72C.
The first film 61C has an annular shape. The first film 61C is made of a flexible material and bends when receiving an external force. The inner-end (inner-circumferential) diameter (inside diameter) of the first film 61C is smaller than the diameter of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20. The outer-end (outer-circumferential) diameter (outside diameter) of the first film 61C is greater than each of the diameter of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20 and the inside diameter of the rectification base member 80, and is smaller than each of the inside diameters of the peripheral plate 51 and the peripheral plate 52.
The fixing member 71C has an annular shape. The inside diameter of the fixing member 71C is greater than each of the inside diameter of the first film 61C and the inside diameter of the rectification base member 80. The outside diameter of the fixing member 71C is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the first film 61C.
The first film 61C is fixed to the major surface 801 of the rectification base member 80 with the fixing member 71C interposed therebetween.
Specifically, a portion of the first film 61C that is at the outer end and has a predetermined area is fixed to the rectification base member 80 with the fixing member 71C interposed therebetween. Therefore, the other portion of the first film 61C that is on the inner side and is not connected to the fixing member 71C serves as a movable portion of the first film 61C. That is, the outer end of the first film 61C serves as a fixed end of the first film 61C, and an annular portion of the first film 61C that is on the inner side with respect to the fixed end serves as the movable portion of the first film 61C. The inner end (movable end) of the first film 61C is positioned on the center side with respect to the circumferential end of the central portion 21 of the first major plate 20.
The second film 62C has an annular shape. The second film 62C is made of a flexible material and bends when receiving an external force. The inner-end (inner-circumferential) diameter (inside diameter) of the second film 62C is smaller than the diameter of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40. The outer-end (outer-circumferential) diameter (outside diameter) of the second film 62C is greater than each of the diameter of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40 and the inside diameter of the rectification base member 80.
The fixing member 72C has an annular shape. The inside diameter of the fixing member 72C is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the second film 62C. The outside diameter of the fixing member 72C is smaller than each of the outside diameter of the second film 62C, the outside diameter of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40, and the inside diameter of the rectification base member 80.
The second film 62C is fixed to the third major surface 401 of the second major plate 40 at the central portion 41 with the fixing member 72C interposed therebetween. The center of the second film 62C substantially coincides with the center of the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40.
Specifically, a portion of the second film 62C that is at the inner end and has a predetermined area is fixed to the central portion 41 of the second major plate 40 with the fixing member 72C interposed therebetween. Therefore, the other portion of the second film 62C that is on the outer side and is not connected to the fixing member 72C serves as a movable portion of the second film 62C. That is, the inner end of the second film 62 serves as a fixed end of the second film 62C, and an annular portion of the second film 62C that is on the outer side with respect to the fixed end serves as the movable portion of the second film 62C. The outer end (movable end) of the second film 62C is positioned closer to the peripheral plate 52 than (on the outer side with respect to) the inner end of the rectification base member 80.
In such a configuration, to allow the fluid to flow in, the first film 61C does not come into contact with the first major plate 20, whereas the second film 62C comes into contact with the rectification base member 80. Thus, the fluid control apparatus 10C allows the fluid to flow into the pump chamber 100 from the outside area near the first major plate 20.
On the other hand, to discharge the fluid, the second film 62C moves away from the rectification base member 80, whereas the first film 61C comes into contact with the first major surface 211 of the first major plate 20 at the central portion 21. Thus, the fluid control apparatus 10C discharges the fluid from the pump chamber 100 to the outside area near the second major plate 40.
In the above manner, the fluid control apparatus 10C achieves rectification in a direction opposite to the direction of rectification achieved by the fluid control apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Furthermore, as with the fluid control apparatus 10, the fluid control apparatus 10C achieves a high flow rate.
The shape of the supporting portions, which has not been described in detail above, may be any of those illustrated in
The above embodiments each employ the rectification base member. Alternatively, the rectifying members may be fixed directly to the peripheral plate.
As illustrated in
The fluid control apparatus 10D includes a peripheral plate 50D. The peripheral plate 50D is connected to the first major plate 20 and to the second major plate 40. The peripheral plate 50D has an inner wall surface 500D.
A portion of the second film 62 that is near the outer end is fixed to the inner wall surface 500D of the peripheral plate 50D with the fixing member 72 interposed therebetween.
Such a configuration also produces the advantageous effects produced by the above embodiments.
In each of the above embodiments, the first film or the second film may include a portion that extends from the fixed end toward a side opposite to the movable portion. Such a configuration also includes the configuration according to the present disclosure and produces the advantageous effects produced by the present disclosure.
The configurations according to the above embodiments may be combined according to need. Such combinations each produce corresponding advantageous effects.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-124102 | Jul 2019 | JP | national |
This is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2020/019175 filed on May 14, 2020 which claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-124102 filed on Jul. 3, 2019. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060147329 | Tanner | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20170138357 | Kondo et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20210355930 | Tanaka | Nov 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 201057136 | May 2008 | CN |
| 2008-527232 | Jul 2008 | JP |
| 2017-072140 | Apr 2017 | JP |
| 2016013390 | Jan 2016 | WO |
| WO2019230161 | May 2019 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report for International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2020/019175 dated Jun. 30, 2020. |
| Written Opinion for International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2020/019175 dated Jun. 30, 2020. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220074401 A1 | Mar 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2020/019175 | May 2020 | US |
| Child | 17455051 | US |
