Patent Application
20220030867
The present invention relates to novel fungicidal compositions, to their use in agriculture or horticulture for controlling diseases caused by phytopathogens, especially phytopathogenic fungi, and to methods of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially fruits and vegetables.
Certain quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds have been proposed in the literature as microbiocidal active ingredients in pesticides. For example, WO04039783 discloses quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds which are described to be useful as fungicides. Further, whilst many fungicidal compounds and compositions, belonging to various different chemical classes, have been/are being developed for use as fungicides in crops of useful plants, crop tolerance and activity against particular phytopathogenic fungi do not always satisfy the needs of agricultural practice in many respects.
There is therefore a continuing need to find new compounds and new compositions having superior biological properties for use in controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic fungi; for example, compounds possessing a greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile, improved physico-chemical properties, increased biodegradability, or compositions possessing a broader of spectrum of activity, improved crop tolerance, synergistic interactions or potentiating properties, or compositions which display a more rapid onset of action or which have longer lasting residual activity or which enable a reduction in the number of applications and/or a reduction in the application rate of the compounds and compositions required for effective control of a phytopathogen, thereby enabling beneficial resistance-management practices, reduced environmental impact and reduced operator exposure.
The use of compositions comprising mixtures of different fungicidal compounds possessing different modes of action can address some of these needs (e.g. by combining fungicides with differing spectrums of activity).
The present invention therefore provides novel fungicidal compositions comprising as active ingredients a mixture of component (A) and component (B), wherein component (A) is a compound of formula (I)
wherein
R1 is hydrogen or methyl;
R2 is hydrogen or methyl;
R3 is hydrogen or methyl;
R4 is —C(Cl)═CH2, isopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, —C(CH3)═CH2 or tert-butyl;
and salts, enantiomers and/or N-oxides thereof;
and
component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of
pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Isopyrazam, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), Serenade® (based on strain QST713) or Subtilex® (based on strain MB1600), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In general, the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40, especially from 15:1 to 1:30, more especially in a ratio from 12:1 to 1:25, even more especially in a ratio of from 10:1 to 1:20, and very especially from 5:1 and 1:20.
The benefits provided by certain mixture compositions according to the invention may also include, inter alia, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against diseases that are caused by fungi or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile, improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability).
The presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) means that the compounds may occur in optically isomeric forms, i.e. enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms. The specific substitution pattern at the carbon atom to which R2 is attached means that the compounds of formula (I) occur in (at least) two enantiomeric forms. Also atropisomers may occur as a result of restricted rotation about a single bond. The present invention includes all those possible isomeric forms (e.g. geometric isomers) and mixtures thereof for a compound of formula (I). Likewise, formula (I) is intended to include all possible tautomers. The present invention includes all possible tautomeric forms for a compound of formula (I), and also a racemic compound, i.e. a mixture of at least two enantiomers in a ratio of substantially 50:50.
In each case, the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are in free form, in oxidized form as a N-oxide or in salt form, e.g. an agronomically usable salt form.
N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or oxidized forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic compounds. They are described for instance in the book “Heterocyclic N-oxides” by A. Albini and S. Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991.
Most preferably component (A) is a compound selected from
Preferably component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.).
Most preferably component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, and Chlorothalonil.
The component (B) compounds are referred to herein above by a so-called “ISO common name” or another “common name” being used in individual cases or a trademark name. The component (B) compounds are known and are commercially available and/or can be prepared using procedures known in the art and/or procedures reported in the literature.
In a preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-99), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer, of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-99), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-99), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-100), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-100), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-100), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-89), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-89), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-89), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-90), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-90), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-90), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-91), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-91), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-91), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-70), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-70), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanamide (E-70), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-65), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-65), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-65), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-66), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-66), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-66), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-74), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-74), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide (E-74), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-20), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-20), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-20), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-21), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-21), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-21), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-53), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-53), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4-chloro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-pent-4-enamide (E-53), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-47), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-47), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-47), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-50), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-50), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-50), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-80), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-80), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide (E-80), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-84), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-84), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-84), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-86), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-86), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-86), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-87), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-87), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-87), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-96), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-96), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-96), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-97), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-97), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-97), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
In another preferred composition according to the invention component (A) is compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-98), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and component (B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of pydiflumetofen, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1], Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Prothioconazole, Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, Fluazinam, Isopyrazam, Propiconazole, Aminopyrifen, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil, Penconazole, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Sulfur, and a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis strains, such as Taegro® (a biofungicide comprising Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A.), wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 to 1:40.
In a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (S)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-98), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment this composition comprises the (R)-enantiomer of compound 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (E-98), or a salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
Preferred ratios of compounds of formula (I) described in Table X (above) [as component (A)]: mixing partner [component (B)] are given in the Table below for certain preferred mixing partners:
Bacillus
subtilis var.
The term “fungicide” as used herein means a compound that controls, modifies, or prevents the growth of fungi. The term “fungicidally effective amount” means the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of producing an effect on the growth of fungi. Controlling or modifying effects include all deviation from natural development, such as killing, retardation and the like, and prevention includes barrier or other defensive formation in or on a plant to prevent fungal infection.
The term “plants” refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.
The term “plant propagation material” denotes all generative parts of a plant, for example seeds or vegetative parts of plants such as cuttings and tubers. It includes seeds in the strict sense, as well as roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and parts of plants.
The term “locus” as used herein means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. It includes soil, seeds, and seedlings, as well as established vegetation.
Throughout this document the expression “composition” stands for the various mixtures or combinations of components (A) and (B) (including the above-defined embodiments), for example in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the components (A) and (B) is not essential for working the present invention.
The composition according to the invention is effective against harmful microorganisms, such as microorganisms, that cause phytopathogenic diseases, in particular against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.
The composition of the invention may be used to control plant diseases caused by a broad spectrum of fungal plant pathogens in the Basidiomycete, Ascomycete, Oomycete and/or Deuteromycete, Blasocladiomycete, Chrytidiomycete, Glomeromycete and/or Mucoromycete classes.
The composition is effective in controlling a broad spectrum of plant diseases, such as foliar pathogens of ornamental, turf, vegetable, field, cereal, and fruit crops.
These pathogens may include:
Oomycetes, including Phytophthora diseases such as those caused by Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora sojae, Phytophthora fragariae, Phytophthora nicotianae, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora citricola, Phytophthora citrophthora and Phytophthora erythroseptica; Pythium diseases such as those caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare and Pythium ultimum; diseases caused by Peronosporales such as Peronospora destructor, Peronospora parasitica, Plasmopara viticola, Plasmopara halstedii, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Albugo candida, Sclerophthora macrospora and Bremia lactucae; and others such as Aphanomyces cochlioides, Labyrinthula zosterae, Peronosclerospora sorghi and Sclerospora graminicola;
Ascomycetes, including blotch, spot, blast or blight diseases and/or rots for example those caused by Pleosporales such as Stemphylium solani, Stagonospora tainanensis, Spilocaea oleaginea, Setosphaeria turcica, Pyrenochaeta lycoperisici, Pleospora herbarum, Phoma destructiva, Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides, Phaeocryptocus gaeumannii, Ophiosphaerella graminicola, Ophiobolus graminis, Leptosphaeria maculans, Hendersonia creberrima, Helminthosporium triticirepentis, Setosphaeria turcica, Drechslera glycines, Didymella bryoniae, Cycloconium oleagineum, Corynespora cassiicola, Cochliobolus sativus, Bipolaris cactivora, Venturia inaequalis, Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria solani and Alternaria tomatophila, Capnodiales such as Septoria tritici, Septoria nodorum, Septoria glycines, Cercospora arachidicola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Cercosporella capsellae and Cercosporella herpotrichoides, Cladosporium carpophilum, Cladosporium effusum, Passalora fulva, Cladosporium oxysporum, Dothistroma septosporum, Isariopsis clavispora, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycovellosiella koepkeii, Phaeoisariopsis bataticola, Pseudocercospora vitis, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Ramularia beticola, Ramularia collo-cygni, Magnaporthales such as Gaeumannomyces graminis, Magnaporthe grisea, Pyricularia oryzae, Diaporthales such as Anisogramma anomala, Apiognomonia errabunda, Cytospora platani, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Discula destructiva, Gnomonia fructicola, Greeneria uvicola, Melanconium juglandinum, Phomopsis viticola, Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, Tubakia dryina, Dicarpella spp., Valsa ceratosperma, and others such as Actinothyrium graminis, Ascochyta pisi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Asperisporium caricae, Blumeriella jaapii, Candida spp., Capnodium ramosum, Cephaloascus spp., Cephalosporium gramineum, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Chaetomium spp., Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, Coccidioides spp., Cylindrosporium padi, Diplocarpon malae, Drepanopeziza campestris, Elsinoe ampelina, Epicoccum nigrum, Epidermophyton spp., Eutypa lata, Geotrichum candidum, Gibellina cerealis, Gloeocercospora sorghi, Gloeodes pomigena, Gloeosporium perennans; Gloeotinia temulenta, Griphospaeria corticola, Kabatiella lini, Leptographium microsporum, Leptosphaerulinia crassiasca, Lophodermium seditiosum, Marssonina graminicola, Microdochium nivale, Monilinia fructicola, Monographella albescens, Monosporascus cannonballus, Naemacyclus spp., Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium expansum, Pestalotia rhododendri, Petriellidium spp., Pezicula spp., Phialophora gregata, Phyllachora pomigena, Phymatotrichum omnivora, Physalospora abdita, Plectosporium tabacinum, Polyscytalum pustulans, Pseudopeziza medicaginis, Pyrenopeziza brassicae, Ramulispora sorghi, Rhabdocline pseudotsugae, Rhynchosporium secalis, Sacrocladium oryzae, Scedosporium spp., Schizothyrium pomi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor; Sclerotium spp., Typhula ishikariensis, Seimatosporium mariae, Lepteutypa cupressi, Septocyta ruborum, Sphaceloma perseae, Sporonema phacidioides, Stigmina palmivora, Tapesia yallundae, Taphrina bullata, Thielviopsis basicola, Trichoseptoria fructigena, Zygophiala jamaicensis; powdery mildew diseases for example those caused by Erysiphales such as Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe polygoni, Uncinula necator, Sphaerotheca fuligena, Podosphaera leucotricha, Podospaera macularis Golovinomyces cichoracearum, Leveillula taurica, Microsphaera diffusa, Oidiopsis gossypii, Phyllactinia guttata and Oidium arachidis; molds for example those caused by Botryosphaeriales such as Dothiorella aromatica, Diplodia seriata, Guignardia bidwellii, Botrytis cinerea, Botryotinia allii, Botryotinia fabae, Fusicoccum amygdali, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Macrophoma theicola, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phyllosticta cucurbitacearum; anthracnoses for example those caused by Glommerelales such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum lagenarium, Colletotrichum gossypii, Glomerella cingulata, and Colletotrichum graminicola; and wilts or blights for example those caused by Hypocreales such as Acremonium strictum, Claviceps purpurea, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium virguliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, Gerlachia nivale, Gibberella fujikuroi, Gibberella zeae, Gliocladium spp., Myrothecium verrucaria, Nectria ramulariae, Trichoderma viride, Trichothecium roseum, and Verticillium theobromae;
Basidiomycetes, including smuts for example those caused by Ustilaginales such as Ustilaginoidea virens, Ustilago nuda, Ustilago tritici, Ustilago zeae, rusts for example those caused by Pucciniales such as Cerotelium fici, Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli, Coleosporium ipomoeae, Hemileia vastatrix, Puccinia arachidis, Puccinia cacabata, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia sorghi, Puccinia hordei, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. Hordei, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. Secalis, Pucciniastrum coryli, or Uredinales such as Cronartium ribicola, Gymnosporangium juniperi-viginianae, Melampsora medusae, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phragmidium mucronatum, Physopella ampelosidis, Tranzschelia discolor and Uromyces viciae-fabae; and other rots and diseases such as those caused by Cryptococcus spp., Exobasidium vexans, Marasmiellus inoderma, Mycena spp., Sphacelotheca reiliana, Typhula ishikariensis, Urocystis agropyri, Itersonilia perplexans, Corticium invisum, Laetisaria fuciformis, Waitea circinata, Rhizoctonia solani, Thanetephorus cucurmeris, Entyloma dahliae, Entylomella microspora, Neovossia moliniae and Tilletia caries;
Blastocladiomycetes, such as Physoderma maydis;
Mucoromycetes, such as Choanephora cucurbitarum.; Mucor spp.; Rhizopus arrhizus; as well as diseases caused by other species and genera closely related to those listed above.
In addition to their fungicidal activity, the compositions may also have activity against bacteria such as Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia caratovora, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas syringae, Strptomyces scabies and other related species as well as certain protozoa.
The composition according to the invention is particularly effective against phytopathogenic fungi belonging to the following classes: Ascomycetes (e.g. Venturia, Podosphaera, Erysiphe, Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Uncinula); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Phakopsora, Puccinia, Ustilago, Tilletia); Fungi imperfecti (also known as Deuteromycetes; e.g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella); Oomycetes (e.g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, Albugo, Bremia, Pythium, Pseudosclerospora, Plasmopara).
Crops of useful plants in which the composition according to the invention can be used include perennial and annual crops, such as berry plants for example blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries; cereals for example barley, maize (corn), millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum triticale and wheat; fibre plants for example cotton, flax, hemp, jute and sisal; field crops for example sugar and fodder beet, coffee, hops, mustard, oilseed rape (canola), poppy, sugar cane, sunflower, tea and tobacco; fruit trees for example apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherry, citrus, nectarine, peach, pear and plum; grasses for example Bermuda grass, bluegrass, bentgrass, centipede grass, fescue, ryegrass, St. Augustine grass and Zoysia grass; herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme; legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans; nuts for example almond, cashew, ground nut, hazelnut, peanut, pecan, pistachio and walnut; palms for example oil palm; ornamentals for example flowers, shrubs and trees; other trees, for example cacao, coconut, olive and rubber; vegetables for example asparagus, aubergine, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, garlic, lettuce, marrow, melon, okra, onion, pepper, potato, pumpkin, rhubarb, spinach and tomato; and vines for example grapes.
Crops are to be understood as being those which are naturally occurring, obtained by conventional methods of breeding, or obtained by genetic engineering. They include crops which contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour).
Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides such as ALS-, EPSPS-, GS-, HPPD- and PPO-inhibitors. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer canola. Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I® and LibertyLink®.
Crops are also to be understood as being those which naturally are or have been rendered resistant to harmful insects. This includes plants transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques, for example, to be capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria. Examples of toxins which can be expressed include 6-endotoxins, vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, and toxins produced by scorpions, arachnids, wasps and fungi.
An example of a crop that has been modified to express the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin is the Bt maize KnockOut® (Syngenta Seeds). An example of a crop comprising more than one gene that codes for insecticidal resistance and thus expresses more than one toxin is VipCot® (Syngenta Seeds). Crops or seed material thereof can also be resistant to multiple types of pests (so-called stacked transgenic events when created by genetic modification). For example, a plant can have the ability to express an insecticidal protein while at the same time being herbicide tolerant, for example Herculex I® (Dow AgroSciences, Pioneer Hi-Bred International).
Preferred examples of compositions according to the invention are as follows (wherein the term “TX1” represents a compound selected from
The compounds of formula (I) are a specific subset of compounds of formula (X), and can be made according to the processes for preparing compounds of formula (X) as described below.
Compounds of formula (X) are defined as follows:
wherein
X is O or S;
R1 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy or cyano;
R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, methoxy or methyl;
R4 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkoxy, alkyl and cycloalkyl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy and C1-C3 alkylthio;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthio and C1-C4 haloalkylthio; or
R5 and R6 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C═O, C═NORc, C3-C5 cycloalkyl or C2-alkenyl, wherein the cycloalkyl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy and C1-C3 alkylthio, and wherein the alkenyl may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, fluoro and chloro;
R7 is hydrogen, cyano, —CHO, —C(═O)C1-C5 alkyl, —CH(═NORc), —C(═NORc)C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkyl, C3-C5 cycloalkyl, C2-C5 alkenyl, C3-C5 cycloalkenyl, or C2-C5 alkynyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, hydroxyl and C1-C3 alkylthio;
R8 and R9 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl and C1-C4 alkoxy; or
R8 and R9 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C═O, C═NORc or C3-C5 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy and C1-C3 alkylthio;
each R10 independently represents halogen, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1-C5 alkyl, C2-C5 alkenyl, C2-C5 alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C5 alkoxy, C3-C5 alkenyloxy, C3-C5 alkynyloxy, C1-C5 alkylthio, —C(═NORc)C1-C5 alkyl, or C1-C5 alkylcarbonyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy and alkylthio may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, cyano and C1-C3 alkylthio; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
each Rc is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C3-C4 alkynyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl(C1-C2)alkyl and C3-C4 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen and cyano;
R11 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy or cyano;
R12 and R13 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy or hydroxyl;
R14 is hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, C3-C5 cycloalkyl, C3-C5 alkenyl, C3-C5 alkynyl or C1-C5 alkoxy wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and alkoxy may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C3 alkylthio;
and salts, enantiomers and/or N-oxides thereof.
The compounds of formula (X) can be made as shown in the following schemes, in which, unless otherwise stated, the definition of each variable is as defined above for a compound of formula (X). As mentioned above, compounds of formula (I) are made in the same, or an analogous, manner as the compounds of formula (X).
Among the various reported methods for preparing compounds of formula (I-a), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), the most widely applied involve treatment of carboxylic acid (Ill), wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an activating agent like phosgene, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride or an amide coupling reagent like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in an inert organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethylformamide (DMF) and reaction with an amine of formula (II), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), in the presence of a catalyst like dimethylaminopyridine as described in Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 606-631 or Tetrahedron 2005, 10827-10852. This is shown in Scheme 1.
Alternatively, compounds of formula (I-a), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained from a compound of formula (I-aa) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R14 is H, upon treatment with a base such as sodium hydride, potassium or cesium carbonate, and an alkylating agent such as alkyl-, alkenyl- or alkynyl halide (preferably iodide, bromide, chloride) in an inert organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone or dimethylformamide (DMF). This is shown in scheme 2.
Compounds of formula (I-aa), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R14 is H, can be prepared by the reaction of compounds of formula (II), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and an ester of formula (IV) wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R20 is C1-C6 alkyl, with a Lewis acid such as trimethyl aluminium in an inert organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethylformamide (DMF) under heating. This is shown in Scheme 3.
Alternatively, compounds of formula (I-a), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be prepared by the coupling of compound (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Hal is halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, and compound (VI), wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate or sodium tertiary-butoxide in the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as a copper-based catalyst such as copper oxide, copper (I) acetylacetonate or copper (I) bromide-1,10-phenanthroline complex, a nickel catalyst such as Dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel or a palladium-based catalyst such as Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II), X-Phos aminobiphenyl palladium chloride precatalyst or [1,3-Bis(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(II) dichloride in an aprotic solvent such as toluene or N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature or while heating. This is shown in Scheme 4.
Compounds of formula (II), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and (II-a) wherein R14 is H, can be prepared by the coupling of compound (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Hal is halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, and a primary amine R14NH2 (VII-a) or ammonia or an ammonium salt (like ammonium hydroxide or ammonium acetate), in the presence of a base such as potassium phosphate, cesium carbinate or sodium tertiary-butoxide in the presence of a copper-based catalyst such as copper (I) acetylacetonate, copper oxide or copper (I) iodide in the presence of a ligand such as 1,10-phenanthroline or L-proline. Alternatively the reaction can be performed in the presence of a palladium or nickel based transition metal catalyst such as chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II), X-Phos aminobiphenyl palladium chloride precatalyst or [1,3-Bis(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride or Nickel dicyclooctadiene in combination with Josiphos SL-J003-1 as ligand. The reaction can be carried out in various aprotic solvent such as toluene, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature or while heating. For instance the preparation of (II) when R14 is cyclopropyl has been described in Organic Letters 2016, 18(6), 1442-1445. This is shown in Scheme 5.
Alternatively compounds of formula (II-a) wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be prepared by the coupling of compound (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Hal is halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, and a primary amine R30NH2 (VII) where R30 is a protecting group such as benzyl or alkylcarbonyl, under transition metal catalysed conditions such as those described in Scheme 4, followed by deprotection of the group R30, under various conditions such those described in Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, John Wiley & Sons Ed.)
Compounds of formula (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Hal is halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (VIII) wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 with a halogenating agent like N-iodosuccinimide, bromine or chlorine in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile or acetic acid at room temperature or while heating as described in WO 2005113539 or JP 2001322979. Alternatively, compounds of formula (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Hal is halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, can be prepared by treatment of propargylated anilines of formula (IX), wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with a halogenating agent like iodine or bromine in an inert solvent like acetonitrile and a base like sodium hydrogen carbonate at temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C. as described in Org. Lett. 2005, 763-766. This is shown in Scheme 6.
Compounds of formula (VIII), R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be prepared by using various synthesis techniques known to the person skilled in the art as described in RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 24463 or March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, Smith and March, 6th edition, Wiley, 2007.
Alternatively, compounds of formula (II-a) wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) can be also prepared from carboxylic acids of formula (X) through an intermediary isocyanate of formula (XI) which can be hydrolyzed with aqueous acid or base at temperatures between 0° C. and 100° C. as shown in scheme 7.
Among the various protocols reported for the transformation of acid (X) to isocyanate (XI), the following have found wide spread application:
1) Treatment of acid (X) with diphenylphosphoryl azide and an amine base like tributylamine in an inert organic solvent like toluene at temperatures between 50° C. and 120° C. to give isocyanate (XI) as described in Aust. J. Chem., 1973, 1591-3.
2) Treatment of acid (X) with an activating agent like thionyl chloride or propylphosphonic anhydride in the presence of an azide source like sodium azide and an amine base like triethyl amine in an inert solvent like THF at temperatures between 20° C. and 100° C. as described in Synthesis 2011, 1477-1483.
3) Conversion of acid (X) to the corresponding hydroxamic acids which can then be treated with a dehydrating agent like para-toluenesulfonyl chloride and a base like triethylamine in an inert organic solvent like toluene at temperatures between 20° C. and 120° C.
4) Conversion of acid (X) to the corresponding primary carboxamide which can then be treated with an oxidizing agent such as diacetoxyiodobenzene and an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid in a solvent like acetonitrile at temperatures between 0° C. and 100° C. as described in J. Org. Chem. 1984, 4212-4216.
5) Conversion of acid (X) to the corresponding primary carboxamide which can then be treated with an oxidizing agent such as bromine and a base such as sodium hydroxide in a solvent like water or methanol at temperatures between 0° C. and 100° C.
Carboxylic acids of formula (X) wherein R1, R2, R3, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by various methods as shown in Scheme 8 and many are commercially available.
Among the many reported methods for their preparation, the following have been widely applied:
1) Transformation of anilines of formula (XII) to quinolones of formula (XIV) by reaction with a malonate derivative of formula (XIII) in an inert solvent like diphenyl ether at temperatures between 100° C. and 260° C. as described in US 20070015758, followed by well-known functional group interconversion which is generally known to a person skilled in the art and also described in WO 2007133637.
2) Transformation of compounds of formula (V) to organometallic intermediates by lithium-halogen exchange with an alkyl lithium reagent like s-butyl lithium or magnesium-halogen exchange with tri n-butyl magnesate in an ethereal solvent like THF at temperatures between −90° C. and +20° C. and subsequent reaction with CO2.
3) Transformation of compounds of formula (V) in the presence of a carbon monoxide source, a base like triethylamine, water or an equivalent thereof and a suitably ligated transition metal catalyst containing for example palladium as described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 2891-2894 (and references therein) or Tetrahedron 2003, 8629-8640.
4) Hydrolysis of a compound of formula (XV) under basic or acidic aqueous conditions. As shown in scheme 7, compounds of formula (XV) can be prepared from compounds of formula (V) by treatment with a cyanide source like zinc cyanide in the presence of a palladium, nickel or copper catalyst in an inert solvent like DMF at temperatures between 20° C. and 150° C. as described in J. Org. Chem. 2011, 665-668 or Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1993, 2776-8.
Among the various reported methods for preparing compounds of formula (VI), wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), the most widely applied involve treatment of carboxylic acid (III), wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an activating agent like phosgene, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride or an amide coupling reagent like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in an inert organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethylformamide (DMF) and reaction with an amine R14NH2 (VII-a) or ammonia or an ammonium salt such as ammonium chloride or ammonium hydroxide in the presence or absence of a catalyst like dimethylaminopyridine as described in Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 606-631 or Tetrahedron 2005, 10827-10852. This is shown in Scheme 9.
A person skilled in the art will appreciate that carboxylic acids of formula (III) wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I) can be prepared from the corresponding esters, for instance from compounds of formula (IV) wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R20 is C1-C6 alkyl. Similarly a person skilled in the art will appreciate that the alpha position of these esters can be functionalized by deprotonation with a strong base like lithium diisopropylamine in an inert solvent like THF at temperatures between −78° C. and 20° C. followed by reaction with an electrophilic reagent like an alkyl iodide or a source of electrophilic fluorine, as described in March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, Smith and March, 6th edition, Wiley, 2007. This reaction can be repeated to prepare acids of formula (III) from commercially available esters.
A person skilled in the art will recognize that compounds of formula (III) can have a center of chirality and that the individual enantiomers can be prepared by either i) enantioselective transformation of a suitable precursor, ii) resolution of a racemic or partially enriched mixture by fractional crystallization with a enantiomerically enriched acid or metal complex, iii) chromatographic separation of the enantiomers using an enantiomerically enriched stationary phase. Some representative protocols can be found in Chiral Amine Synthesis: Methods, Developments and Applications, Wiley, 2010.
Examples of intermediates of formula III (inc. enantiomers thereof) are:
The above intermediates of formula III can be readily converted to the corresponding acid chlorides using techniques disclosed above and below and those known in the art (March, Org. Chemistry), to give the following intermediates:
As shown in scheme 10, compounds of general formula (I-b), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be prepared from compounds of general formula (I-a), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), by treatment with a deoxothionating agent like P4S10 or Lawesson reagent in an inert organic solvent like toluene at temperatures between 20° C. and 150° C.
Alternatively, the compounds of formula (I-a), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (I-c), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for formula (I) and wherein Y represents chlorine, bromine or iodine in a solvent, in the presence of or absence of a base, and in the presence of a coupling reagent and a metal catalyst. There are no particular limitations on the coupling agent, catalyst, solvent and bases, provided it is used in ordinary coupling reactions, such as those described in “Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Practical Guide (Topics in Current Chemistry)”, edited by Norio Miyaura und S. L. Buchwald (editions Springer), or “Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions”, edited by Armin de Meijere and François Diederich (editions WILEY-VCH). This is shown in Scheme 11.
Alternatively, the compounds of formula (I-a) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and n are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of another, closely related, compound of formula (I-a) using standard synthesis techniques known to the person skilled in the art. Non-exhaustive examples include oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, hydrolysis reactions, coupling reactions, aromatic nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions, olefination reactions, oxime formation, alkylation and halogenation reactions.
Certain intermediates described in the above schemes are novel and as such form a further aspect of the invention.
The fungicidal quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds
Additionally, to date, no cross-resistance has been observed between the fungicidal quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds
Indeed, fungicidal-resistant strains of many target pathogens have been reported in the scientific literature, with pathogen strains resistant to one or more fungicides from at least each of the following fungicidal mode of action classes being observed: sterol demethylation-inhibitors (DMI), quinone-outside-inhibitors (QoI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), anilinopyrimidine (AP), phenylpyrrole (PP) and hydroxyanilide fungicides, dicarboximides, and methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides.
See for example: “The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study. “M Hahn, J Chem Biol (2014) 7:133-141. Further literature citations are given in the Table below:
Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds
Further, it is preferred that in in applying the fungicidal quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds
Thus, in a further preferred embodiment, the fungicidal quinoline (thio)carboxamide compounds
Compositions of this invention, including all of the above disclosed embodiments and preferred examples thereof, can be mixed with one or more further pesticides including further fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, growth regulators, chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants or other biologically active compounds to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural protection.
Examples of such agricultural protectants with which the composition of this invention can be formulated are:
Fungicides such as etridiazole, fluazinam, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), dodicin, N′-(2,5-Dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N′-[4-(4,5-Dichloro-thiazol-2-yloxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N′-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, ethirimol, 3′-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(3RS)-tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3-yl]acet-2′,6′-xylidide (clozylacon), cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, dithianon, aureofungin, blasticidin-S, biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran, hexachlorobenzene, quintozene, tecnazene, (TCNB), tolclofos-methyl, metrafenone, 2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-benzamide, fluopicolide (flupicolide), tioxymid, flusulfamide, benomyl, carbendazim, carbendazim chlorhydrate, chlorfenazole, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, benthiavalicarb, chlobenthiazone, probenazole, acibenzolar, bethoxazin, pyriofenone (IKF-309), acibenzolar-S-methyl, pyribencarb (KIF-7767), butylamine, 3-iodo-2-propinyl n-butylcarbamate (IPBC), iodocarb (isopropanyl butylcarbamate), isopropanyl butylcarbamate (iodocarb), picarbutrazox, polycarbamate, propamocarb, tolprocarb, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-indan-4-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide diclocymet, N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)methyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-[(2-isopropylphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide carpropamid, chlorothalonil, flumorph, oxine-copper, cymoxanil, phenamacril, cyazofamid, flutianil, thicyofen, chlozolinate, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, bupirimate, dinocton, dinopenton, dinobuton, dinocap, meptyldinocap, diphenylamine, phosdiphen, 2,6-dimethyl-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone, azithiram, etem, ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram (polyram), metiram-zinc, nabam, propineb, thiram, vapam (metam sodium), zineb, ziram, dithioether, isoprothiolane, ethaboxam, fosetyl, phosetyl-AI (fosetyl-al), methyl bromide, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate, cyclafuramid, fenfuram, validamycin, streptomycin, (2RS)-2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)glutaronitrile (bromothalonil), dodine, doguadine, guazatine, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, kasugamycin, dimethirimol, fenhexamid, hymexazole, hydroxyisoxazole imazalil, imazalil sulphate, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, fenamidone, Bordeaux mixture, calcium polysulfide, copper acetate, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper oxyquinolate, copper silicate, copper sulphate, copper tallate, cuprous oxide, sulphur, carbaryl, phthalide (fthalide), dingjunezuo (Jun Si Qi), oxathiapiprolin, fluoroimide, mandipropamid, KSF-1002, benzamorf, dimethomorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, dodemorph, diethofencarb, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, carboxin, oxycarboxin, drazoxolon, famoxadone, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol, tribromophenol (TBP), 2-[2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]-6-fluoro-phenyl]propan-2-ol 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol cyflufenamid, ofurace, oxadixyl, flutolanil, mepronil, isofetamid, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, pencycuron, edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, phosphorus acids, tecloftalam, captafol, captan, ditalimfos, triforine, fenpropidin, piperalin, osthol, 1-methylcyclopropene, 4-CPA, chlormequat, clofencet, dichlorprop, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, flumetralin, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, gibberellins, hymexazol, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, naphthalene acetamide, paclobutrazol, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, thidiazuron, tribufos (tributyl phosphorotrithioate), trinexapac, uniconazole, a-naphthalene acetic acid, polyoxin D (polyoxrim), BLAD, chitosan, fenoxanil, folpet, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-N-[1-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, fenpyrazamine, diclomezine, pyrifenox, boscalid, fluopyram, diflumetorim, fenarimol, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine ferimzone, dimetachlone (dimethaclone), pyroquilon, proquinazid, ethoxyquin, quinoxyfen, 4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(3-quinolyl)isoquinoline 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(3-quinolyl)isoquinoline 5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-(3-quinolyl)isoquinoline 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-quinolyl)-3H-1,4-benzoxazepine, tebufloquin, oxolinic acid, chinomethionate (oxythioquinox, quinoxymethionate), spiroxamine, (E)-N-methyl-2-[2-(2, 5-dimethylphenoxymethyl) phenyl]-2-methoxy-iminoacetamide, (mandestrobin), azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin fenamistrobin, flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metaminostrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, triclopyricarb, trifloxystrobin, amisulbrom, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate, dazomet, isotianil, tiadinil, thifluzamide, benthiazole (TCMTB), silthiofam, zoxamide, anilazine, tricyclazole, (.+-.)-cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol (huanjunzuo), 1-(5-bromo-2-pyridyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol 2-(1-tert-butyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol (TCDP), azaconazole, bitertanol (biloxazol), bromuconazole, climbazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, dimetconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazoxide, triticonazole, Mefentrifluconazole, 2-[[(1R,5S)-5-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopentyl]methyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione 2-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, ametoctradin (imidium), iprovalicarb, valifenalate, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol (Chlorophene), allyl alcohol, azafenidin, benzalkonium chloride, chloropicrin, cresol, daracide, dichlorophen (dichlorophene), difenzoquat, dipyrithione, N-(2-p-chlorobenzoylethyl)-hexaminium chloride, NNF-0721, octhilinone, oxasulfuron, propamidine and propionic acid.
Insecticides such as abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, amidoflumet (S-1955), avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, bifenthrin, bifenazate, buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap, chlorantraniliprole (DPX-E2Y45), chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimethoate, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, flufenerim (UR-50701), flufenoxuron, fonophos, halofenozide, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isofenphos, lufenuron, malathion, metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, metofluthrin, monocrotophos, methoxyfenozide, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron (XDE-007), oxamyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen (BSN 2060), spirotetramat, sulprofos, tebufenozide, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon and triflumuron;
Bactericides such as streptomycin;
Acaricides such as amitraz, chinomethionat, chlorobenzilate, cyenopyrafen, cyhexatin, dicofol, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad; and
Biological agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin, baculovirus, and entomopathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi.
Other examples of “reference” mixture compositions are as follows (wherein the term “TX” represents a compound selected from
an adjuvant selected from the group of substances consisting of petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX,
an acaricide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1,1-bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol (IUPAC name) (910)+TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1059)+TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide (IUPAC name) (1295)+TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone (IUPAC name) (981)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acequinocyl (3)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX, amidoflumet [CCN]+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, aramite (881)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azobenzene (IUPAC name) (888)+TX, azocyclotin (46)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, benoxafos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, benzoximate (71)+TX, benzyl benzoate (IUPAC name) [CCN]+TX, bifenazate (74)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, binapacryl (907)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, broflanilide [1207727-04-5]+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX, bromopropylate (94)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbophenothion (947)+TX, CGA 50′439 (development code) (125)+TX, chinomethionat (126)+TX, chlorbenside (959)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX, chlorfenethol (968)+TX, chlorfenson (970)+TX, chlorfensulfide (971)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorobenzilate (975)+TX, chloromebuform (977)+TX, chloromethiuron (978)+TX, chloropropylate (983)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, cinerin I (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, clofentezine (158)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX, cufraneb (1013)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyflumetofen (CAS Reg. No.: 400882-07-7)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cyhexatin (199)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, DCPM (1032)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S (1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S (1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulfon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dichlofluanid (230)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dicofol (242)+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dienochlor (1071)+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinobuton (269)+TX, dinocap (270)+TX, dinocap-4 [CCN]+TX, dinocap-6 [CCN]+TX, dinocton (1090)+TX, dinopenton (1092)+TX, dinosulfon (1097)+TX, dinoterbon (1098)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, diphenyl sulfone (IUPAC name) (1103)+TX, disulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, disulfoton (278)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, dofenapyn (1113)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, etoxazole (320)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenazaquin (328)+TX, fenbutatin oxide (330)+TX, fenothiocarb (337)+TX, fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fenpyroximate (345)+TX, fenson (1157)+TX, fentrifanil (1161)+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, fluacrypyrim (360)+TX, fluazuron (1166)+TX, flubenzimine (1167)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluorbenside (1174)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, glyodin (1205)+TX, halfenprox (424)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1216)+TX, hexythiazox (441)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I (696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mesulfen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, NC-512 (compound code)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nikkomycins (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp′-DDT (219)+TX, parathion (615)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phoxim (642)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX, polynactins (alternative name) (653)+TX, proclonol (1350)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, propargite (671)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur (678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, pyrethrin I (696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben (699)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, RA-17 (development code) (1383)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spirodiclofen (738)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, SSI-121 (development code) (1404)+TX, sulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulfur (754)+TX, SZI-121 (development code) (757)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX, tetradifon (786)+TX, tetranactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, tetrasul (1425)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thioquinox (1436)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, triamiphos (1441)+TX, triarathene (1443)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, trinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN] and YI-5302 (compound code)+TX,
an algicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bethoxazin [CCN]+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX, cybutryne [CCN]+TX, dichlone (1052)+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX, endothal (295)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, hydrated lime [CCN]+TX, nabam (566)+TX, quinoclamine (714)+TX, quinonamid (1379)+TX, simazine (730)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX,
an anthelmintic selected from the group of substances consisting of abamectin (1)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, piperazine [CCN]+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737) and thiophanate (1435)+TX,
an avicide selected from the group of substances consisting of chloralose (127)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23) and strychnine (745)+TX,
a bactericide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione (IUPAC name) (1222)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, bronopol (97)+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper hydroxide (IUPAC name) (169)+TX, cresol [CCN]+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX, dipyrithione (1105)+TX, dodicin (1112)+TX, fenaminosulf (1144)+TX, formaldehyde (404)+TX, hydrargaphen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kasugamycin (483)+TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (483)+TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) (IUPAC name) (1308)+TX, nitrapyrin (580)+TX, octhilinone (590)+TX, oxolinic acid (606)+TX, oxytetracycline (611)+TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, probenazole (658)+TX, streptomycin (744)+TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate (744)+TX, tecloftalam (766)+TX, and thiomersal (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
a biological agent selected from the group of substances consisting of Adoxophyes orana GV (alternative name) (12)+TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter (alternative name) (13)+TX, Amblyseius spp. (alternative name) (19)+TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV (alternative name) (28)+TX, Anagrus atomus (alternative name) (29)+TX, Aphelinus abdominalis (alternative name) (33)+TX, Aphidius colemani (alternative name) (34)+TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (alternative name) (35)+TX, Autographa californica NPV (alternative name) (38)+TX, Bacillus firmus (alternative name) (48)+TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide (scientific name) (49)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. japonensis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Beauveria bassiana (alternative name) (53)+TX, Beauveria brongniartii (alternative name) (54)+TX, Chrysoperla carnea (alternative name) (151)+TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (alternative name) (178)+TX, Cydia pomonella GV (alternative name) (191)+TX, Dacnusa sibirica (alternative name) (212)+TX, Diglyphus isaea (alternative name) (254)+TX, Encarsia formosa (scientific name) (293)+TX, Eretmocerus eremicus (alternative name) (300)+TX, Helicoverpa zea NPV (alternative name) (431)+TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis (alternative name) (433)+TX, Hippodamia convergens (alternative name) (442)+TX, Leptomastix dactylopii (alternative name) (488)+TX, Macrolophus caliginosus (alternative name) (491)+TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV (alternative name) (494)+TX, Metaphycus helvolus (alternative name) (522)+TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (scientific name) (523)+TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (scientific name) (523)+TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV (alternative name) (575)+TX, Orius spp. (alternative name) (596)+TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (alternative name) (613)+TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis (alternative name) (644)+TX, Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (scientific name) (741)+TX, Steinernema bibionis (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema carpocapsae (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema feltiae (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema glaseri (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema riobrave (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema riobravis (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema scapterisci (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema spp. (alternative name) (742)+TX, Trichogramma spp. (alternative name) (826)+TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis (alternative name) (844) and Verticillium lecanii (alternative name) (848)+TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens Strain FZB24 (available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., 5400 Corporate Circle, Salem, Va. 24153, U.S.A. and known under the trade name Taegro®)+TX,
a soil sterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542) and methyl bromide (537)+TX,
a chemosterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of apholate [CCN]+TX, bisazir (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, busulfan (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dimatif (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, hemel [CCN]+TX, hempa [CCN]+TX, metepa [CCN]+TX, methiotepa [CCN]+TX, methyl apholate [CCN]+TX, morzid [CCN]+TX, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tepa [CCN]+TX, thiohempa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, thiotepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tretamine (alternative name) [CCN] and uredepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
an insect pheromone selected from the group of substances consisting of (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (222)+TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (829)+TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol (IUPAC name) (541)+TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (779)+TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (285)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal (IUPAC name) (436)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (437)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (438)+TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one (IUPAC name) (448)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al (IUPAC name) (782)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (783)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (784)+TX, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (283)+TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (780)+TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (781)+TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene (IUPAC name) (545)+TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one (IUPAC name) (544)+TX, alpha-multistriatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, brevicomin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlelure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlemone (alternative name) (167)+TX, cuelure (alternative name) (179)+TX, disparlure (277)+TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (286)+TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (287)+TX, dodeca-8+TX, 10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (284)+TX, dominicalure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate (IUPAC name) (317)+TX, eugenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, frontalin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, gossyplure (alternative name) (420)+TX, grandlure (421)+TX, grandlure I (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure II (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure Ill (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure IV (alternative name) (421)+TX, hexalure [CCN]+TX, ipsdienol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ipsenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, japonilure (alternative name) (481)+TX, lineatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, litlure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, looplure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, medlure [CCN]+TX, megatomoic acid (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methyl eugenol (alternative name) (540)+TX, muscalure (563)+TX, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (588)+TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (589)+TX, orfralure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, oryctalure (alternative name) (317)+TX, ostramone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, siglure [CCN]+TX, sordidin (alternative name) (736)+TX, sulcatol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (785)+TX, trimedlure (839)+TX, trimedlure A (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B1 (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B2 (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure C (alternative name) (839) and trunc-call (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
an insect repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(octylthio)-ethanol (IUPAC name) (591)+TX, butopyronoxyl (933)+TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) (936)+TX, dibutyl adipate (IUPAC name) (1046)+TX, dibutyl phthalate (1047)+TX, dibutyl succinate (IUPAC name) (1048)+TX, diethyltoluamide [CCN]+TX, dimethyl carbate [CCN]+TX, dimethyl phthalate [CCN]+TX, ethyl hexanediol (1137)+TX, hexamide [CCN]+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methylneodecanamide [CCN]+TX, oxamate [CCN] and picaridin [CCN]+TX,
an insecticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-dichloro-1-nitroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1058)+TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane (IUPAC name) (1056), +TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (916)+TX, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (IUPAC name) (1451)+TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1066)+TX, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1109)+TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (935)+TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1084)+TX, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol (IUPAC name) (986)+TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (984)+TX, 2-imidazolidone (IUPAC name) (1225)+TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1284)+TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate (IUPAC name) (1433)+TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene (IUPAC name) (917)+TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1283)+TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1285)+TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1085)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acephate (2)+TX, acetamiprid (4)+TX, acethion (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, acrylonitrile (IUPAC name) (861)+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, aldrin (864)+TX, allethrin (17)+TX, allosamidin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, allyxycarb (866)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, alpha-ecdysone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, aminocarb (873)+TX, amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, anabasine (877)+TX, athidathion (883)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azadirachtin (alternative name) (41)+TX, azamethiphos (42)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins (alternative name) (52)+TX, barium hexafluorosilicate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, barium polysulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (892)+TX, barthrin [CCN]+TX, Bayer 22/190 (development code) (893)+TX, Bayer 22408 (development code) (894)+TX, bendiocarb (58)+TX, benfuracarb (60)+TX, bensultap (66)+TX, beta-cyfluthrin (194)+TX, beta-cypermethrin (203)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, bioallethrin (78)+TX, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer (alternative name) (79)+TX, bioethanomethrin [CCN]+TX, biopermethrin (908)+TX, bioresmethrin (80)+TX, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (IUPAC name) (909)+TX, bistrifluron (83)+TX, borax (86)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, bromfenvinfos (914)+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromo-DDT (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX, bufencarb (924)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butacarb (926)+TX, butathiofos (927)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butonate (932)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (945)+TX, carbon tetrachloride (IUPAC name) (946)+TX, carbophenothion (947)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, cartap (123)+TX, cartap hydrochloride (123)+TX, cevadine (alternative name) (725)+TX, chlorbicyclen (960)+TX, chlordane (128)+TX, chlordecone (963)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorethoxyfos (129)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorfluazuron (132)+TX, chlormephos (136)+TX, chloroform [CCN]+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorphoxim (989)+TX, chlorprazophos (990)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, chromafenozide (150)+TX, cinerin I (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, cis-resmethrin (alternative name)+TX, cismethrin (80)+TX, clocythrin (alternative name)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, clothianidin (165)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper arsenate [CCN]+TX, copper oleate [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, coumithoate (1006)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, cryolite (alternative name) (177)+TX, CS 708 (development code) (1012)+TX, cyanofenphos (1019)+TX, cyanophos (184)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyclethrin [CCN]+TX, cycloprothrin (188)+TX, cyfluthrin (193)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, cyphenothrin (206)+TX, cyromazine (209)+TX, cythioate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-limonene (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-tetramethrin (alternative name) (788)+TX, DAEP (1031)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, decarbofuran (1034)+TX, deltamethrin (223)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S (1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S (1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulphon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diamidafos (1044)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicapthon (1050)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dicresyl (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dicyclanil (244)+TX, dieldrin (1070)+TX, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1076)+TX, diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dilor (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dimefluthrin [CCN]+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimetan (1085)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dimethrin (1083)+TX, dimethylvinphos (265)+TX, dimetilan (1086)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinoprop (1093)+TX, dinosam (1094)+TX, dinoseb (1095)+TX, dinotefuran (271)+TX, diofenolan (1099)+TX, dioxabenzofos (1100)+TX, dioxacarb (1101)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, disulfoton (278)+TX, dithicrofos (1108)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, DSP (1115)+TX, ecdysterone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, EI 1642 (development code) (1118)+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, EMPC (1120)+TX, empenthrin (292)+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX, EPBP (1123)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, epofenonane (1124)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, esfenvalerate (302)+TX, etaphos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethiofencarb (308)+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethiprole (310)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethyl formate (IUPAC name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl-DDD (alternative name) (1056)+TX, ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, ethylene dichloride (chemical name) (1136)+TX, ethylene oxide [CCN]+TX, etofenprox (319)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX, EXD (1143)+TX, famphur (323)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenchlorphos (1148)+TX, fenethacarb (1149)+TX, fenfluthrin (1150)+TX, fenitrothion (335)+TX, fenobucarb (336)+TX, fenoxacrim (1153)+TX, fenoxycarb (340)+TX, fenpirithrin (1155)+TX, fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, fenthion-ethyl [CCN]+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, flonicamid (358)+TX, flubendiamide (CAS. Reg. No.: 272451-65-7)+TX, flucofuron (1168)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenerim [CCN]+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flufenprox (1171)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, fonofos (1191)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, fosmethilan (1194)+TX, fospirate (1195)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furathiocarb (412)+TX, furethrin (1200)+TX, gamma-cyhalothrin (197)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, halfenprox (424)+TX, halofenozide (425)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, HEOD (1070)+TX, heptachlor (1211)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX, hexaflumuron (439)+TX, HHDN (864)+TX, hydramethylnon (443)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, hydroprene (445)+TX, hyquincarb (1223)+TX, imidacloprid (458)+TX, imiprothrin (460)+TX, indoxacarb (465)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, IPSP (1229)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, isobenzan (1232)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473)+TX, isodrin (1235)+TX, isofenphos (1236)+TX, isolane (1237)+TX, isoprocarb (472)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxy-aminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX, isoprothiolane (474)+TX, isothioate (1244)+TX, isoxathion (480)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I (696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, juvenile hormone I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone Ill (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kelevan (1249)+TX, kinoprene (484)+TX, lambda-cyhalothrin (198)+TX, lead arsenate [CCN]+TX, lepimectin (CCN)+TX, leptophos (1250)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, lirimfos (1251)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, lythidathion (1253)+TX, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1014)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mazidox (1255)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, menazon (1260)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mercurous chloride (513)+TX, mesulfenfos (1263)+TX, metaflumizone (CCN)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1268)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methocrotophos (1273)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX, methoprene (532)+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methothrin (alternative name) (533)+TX, methoxychlor (534)+TX, methoxyfenozide (535)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, methylchloroform (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methylene chloride [CCN]+TX, metofluthrin [CCN]+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, metoxadiazone (1288)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, mirex (1294)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naftalofos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, naphthalene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1303)+TX, NC-170 (development code) (1306)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, nicotine (578)+TX, nicotine sulfate (578)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nitenpyram (579)+TX, nithiazine (1311)+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, nornicotine (traditional name) (1319)+TX, novaluron (585)+TX, noviflumuron (586)+TX, O-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate (IUPAC name) (1057)+TX, O,O-diethyl O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1074)+TX, O,O-diethyl O-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1075)+TX, O,O,O′,O′-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate (IUPAC name) (1424)+TX, oleic acid (IUPAC name) (593)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydemeton-methyl (609)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp′-DDT (219)+TX, para-dichlorobenzene [CCN]+TX, parathion (615)+TX, parathion-methyl (616)+TX, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate (IUPAC name) (623)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, PH 60-38 (development code) (1328)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenothrin (630)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosnichlor (1339)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phoxim (642)+TX, phoxim-methyl (1340)+TX, pirimetaphos (1344)+TX, pirimicarb (651)+TX, pirimiphos-ethyl (1345)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (IUPAC name) (1346)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, potassium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX, prallethrin (655)+TX, precocene I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene Ill (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, primidophos (1349)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, profluthrin [CCN]+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, promecarb (1355)+TX, propaphos (1356)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur (678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothiofos (686)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, protrifenbute [CCN]+TX, pymetrozine (688)+TX, pyraclofos (689)+TX, pyrazophos (693)+TX, pyresmethrin (1367)+TX, pyrethrin I (696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben (699)+TX, pyridalyl (700)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, pyriproxyfen (708)+TX, quassia (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quinalphos-methyl (1376)+TX, quinothion (1380)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, rafoxanide (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, resmethrin (719)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, RU 15525 (development code) (723)+TX, RU 25475 (development code) (1386)+TX, ryania (alternative name) (1387)+TX, ryanodine (traditional name) (1387)+TX, sabadilla (alternative name) (725)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, SI-0205 (compound code)+TX, SI-0404 (compound code)+TX, SI-0405 (compound code)+TX, silafluofen (728)+TX, SN 72129 (development code) (1397)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoride (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1399)+TX, sodium hexafluorosilicate (1400)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, sodium selenate (IUPAC name) (1401)+TX, sodium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, spirotetrmat (CCN)+TX, sulcofuron (746)+TX, sulcofuron-sodium (746)+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulfuryl fluoride (756)+TX, sulprofos (1408)+TX, tar oils (alternative name) (758)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, TDE (1414)+TX, tebufenozide (762)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, tebupirimfos (764)+TX, teflubenzuron (768)+TX, tefluthrin (769)+TX, temephos (770)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX, terallethrin (1418)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX, tetrachloroethane [CCN]+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX, tetramethrin (787)+TX, theta-cypermethrin (204)+TX, thiacloprid (791)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiamethoxam (792)+TX, thicrofos (1428)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiocyclam (798)+TX, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate (798)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, thiosultap (803)+TX, thiosultap-sodium (803)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tolfenpyrad (809)+TX, tralomethrin (812)+TX, transfluthrin (813)+TX, transpermethrin (1440)+TX, triamiphos (1441)+TX, triazamate (818)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trichlormetaphos-3 (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, trichloronat (1452)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, triflumuron (835)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, triprene (1459)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN]+TX, veratridine (alternative name) (725)+TX, veratrine (alternative name) (725)+TX, XMC (853)+TX, xylylcarb (854)+TX, YI-5302 (compound code)+TX, zeta-cypermethrin (205)+TX, zetamethrin (alternative name)+TX, zinc phosphide (640)+TX, zolaprofos (1469) and ZXI 8901 (development code) (858)+TX, cyantraniliprole [736994-63-19+TX, chlorantraniliprole [500008-45-7]+TX, cyenopyrafen [560121-52-0]+TX, cyflumetofen [400882-07-7]+TX, pyrifluquinazon [337458-27-2]+TX, spinetoram [187166-40-1+187166-15-0]+TX, spirotetramat [203313-25-1]+TX, sulfoxaflor [946578-00-3]+TX, flufiprole [704886-18-0]+TX, meperfluthrin [915288-13-0]+TX, tetramethylfluthrin [84937-88-2]+TX, triflumezopyrim (disclosed in WO 2012/092115)+TX,
a molluscicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bis(tributyltin) oxide (IUPAC name) (913)+TX, bromoacetamide [CCN]+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, ferric phosphate (IUPAC name) (352)+TX, metaldehyde (518)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, niclosamide (576)+TX, niclosamide-olamine (576)+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX, tributyltin oxide (913)+TX, trifenmorph (1454)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX, pyriprole [394730-71-3]+TX,
a nematicide selected from the group of substances consisting of AKD-3088 (compound code)+TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1045)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1,3-dichloropropene (233)+TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1065)+TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine (IUPAC name) (980)+TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid (IUPAC name) (1286)+TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine (alternative name) (210)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, benclothiaz [CCN]+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, cadusa thiazolidines fos (109)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (945)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, cytokinins (alternative name) (210)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DBCP (1045)+TX, DCIP (218)+TX, diamidafos (1044)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furfural (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isamidofos (1230)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kinetin (alternative name) (210)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition (alternative name) (565)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphocarb [CCN]+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX, tetrachlorothiophene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1422)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, xylenols [CCN]+TX, YI-5302 (compound code) and zeatin (alternative name) (210)+TX, fluensulfone [318290-98-1]+TX,
a nitrification inhibitor selected from the group of substances consisting of potassium ethylxanthate [CCN] and nitrapyrin (580)+TX,
a plant activator selected from the group of substances consisting of acibenzolar (6)+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl (6)+TX, probenazole (658) and Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (alternative name) (720)+TX,
a rodenticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX, alpha-chlorohydrin [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, antu (880)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, barium carbonate (891)+TX, bisthiosemi (912)+TX, brodifacoum (89)+TX, bromadiolone (91)+TX, bromethalin (92)+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, chlorophacinone (140)+TX, cholecalciferol (alternative name) (850)+TX, coumachlor (1004)+TX, coumafuryl (1005)+TX, coumatetralyl (175)+TX, crimidine (1009)+TX, difenacoum (246)+TX, difethialone (249)+TX, diphacinone (273)+TX, ergocalciferol (301)+TX, flocoumafen (357)+TX, fluoroacetamide (379)+TX, flupropadine (1183)+TX, flupropadine hydrochloride (1183)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, norbormide (1318)+TX, phosacetim (1336)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phosphorus [CCN]+TX, pindone (1341)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, pyrinuron (1371)+TX, scilliroside (1390)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoroacetate (735)+TX, strychnine (745)+TX, thallium sulfate [CCN]+TX, warfarin (851) and zinc phosphide (640)+TX,
a synergist selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethyl piperonylate (IUPAC name) (934)+TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone (IUPAC name) (903)+TX, farnesol with nerolidol (alternative name) (324)+TX, MB-599 (development code) (498)+TX, MGK 264 (development code) (296)+TX, piperonyl butoxide (649)+TX, piprotal (1343)+TX, propyl isomer (1358)+TX, S421 (development code) (724)+TX, sesamex (1393)+TX, sesasmolin (1394) and sulfoxide (1406)+TX,
an animal repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of anthraquinone (32)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, copper naphthenate [CCN]+TX, copper oxychloride (171)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicyclopentadiene (chemical name) (1069)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23)+TX, thiram (804)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, zinc naphthenate [CCN] and ziram (856)+TX,
a virucide selected from the group of substances consisting of imanin (alternative name) [CCN] and ribavirin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
a wound protectant selected from the group of substances consisting of mercuric oxide (512)+TX, octhilinone (590) and thiophanate-methyl (802)+TX,
and biologically active compounds selected from the group consisting of ametoctradin [865318-97-4]+TX, amisulbrom [348635-87-0]+TX, azaconazole [60207-31-0]+TX, benzovindiflupyr [1072957-71-1]+TX, bitertanol [70585-36-3]+TX, bixafen [581809-46-3]+TX, bromuconazole [116255-48-2]+TX, coumoxystrobin [850881-70-8]+TX, cyproconazole [94361-06-5]+TX, difenoconazole [119446-68-3]+TX, diniconazole [83657-24-3]+TX, enoxastrobin [238410-11-2]+TX, epoxiconazole [106325-08-0]+TX, fenbuconazole [114369-43-6]+TX, fenpyrazamine [473798-59-3]+TX, fluquinconazole [136426-54-5]+TX, flusilazole [85509-19-9]+TX, flutriafol [76674-21-0]+TX, fluxapyroxad [907204-31-3]+TX, fluopyram [658066-35-4]+TX, fenaminstrobin [366815-39-6]+TX, isofetamid [875915-78-9]+TX, hexaconazole [79983-71-4]+TX, imazalil [35554-44-0]+TX, imibenconazole [86598-92-7]+TX, ipconazole [125225-28-7]+TX, ipfentrifluconazole [1417782-08-1]+TX, isotianil [224049-04-1]+TX, mandestrobin [173662-97-0] (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2010/093059)+TX, mefentrifluconazole [1417782-03-6]+TX, metconazole [125116-23-6]+TX, myclobutanil [88671-89-0]+TX, paclobutrazol [76738-62-0]+TX, pefurazoate [101903-30-4]+TX, penflufen [494793-67-8]+TX, penconazole [66246-88-6]+TX, prothioconazole [178928-70-6]+TX, pyrifenox [88283-41-4]+TX, prochloraz [67747-09-5]+TX, propiconazole [60207-90-1]+TX, simeconazole [149508-90-7]+TX, tebuconazole [107534-96-3]+TX, tetraconazole [112281-77-3]+TX, triadimefon [43121-43-3]+TX, triadimenol [55219-65-3]+TX, triflumizole [99387-89-0]+TX, triticonazole [131983-72-7]+TX, ancymidol [12771-68-5]+TX, fenarimol [60168-88-9]+TX, nuarimol [63284-71-9]+TX, bupirimate [41483-43-6]+TX, dimethirimol [5221-53-4]+TX, ethirimol [23947-60-6]+TX, dodemorph [1593-77-7]+TX, fenpropidin [67306-00-7]+TX, fenpropimorph [67564-91-4]+TX, spiroxamine [118134-30-8]+TX, tridemorph [81412-43-3]+TX, cyprodinil [121552-61-2]+TX, mepanipyrim [110235-47-7]+TX, pyrimethanil [53112-28-0]+TX, fenpiclonil [74738-17-3]+TX, fludioxonil [131341-86-1]+TX, fluindapyr [1383809-87-7]+TX, benalaxyl [71626-11-4]+TX, furalaxyl [57646-30-7]+TX, metalaxyl [57837-19-1]+TX, R-metalaxyl [70630-17-0]+TX, ofurace [58810-48-3]+TX, oxadixyl [77732-09-3]+TX, benomyl [17804-35-2]+TX, carbendazim [10605-21-7]+TX, debacarb [62732-91-6]+TX, fuberidazole [3878-19-1]+TX, thiabendazole [148-79-8]+TX, chlozolinate [84332-86-5]+TX, dichlozoline [24201-58-9]+TX, iprodione [36734-19-7]+TX, myclozoline [54864-61-8]+TX, procymidone [32809-16-8]+TX, vinclozoline [50471-44-8]+TX, boscalid [188425-85-6]+TX, carboxin [5234-68-4]+TX, fenfuram [24691-80-3]+TX, flutolanil [66332-96-5]+TX, flutianil [958647-10-4]+TX, mepronil [55814-41-0]+TX, oxycarboxin [5259-88-1]+TX, penthiopyrad [183675-82-3]+TX, thifluzamide [130000-40-7]+TX, guazatine [108173-90-6]+TX, dodine [2439-10-3][112-65-2] (free base)+TX, iminoctadine [13516-27-3]+TX, azoxystrobin [131860-33-8]+TX, dimoxystrobin [149961-52-4]+TX, enestroburin {Proc. BCPC, Int. Congr., Glasgow, 2003, 1, 93}+TX, fluoxastrobin [361377-29-9]+TX, kresoxim-methyl [143390-89-0]+TX, metominostrobin [133408-50-1]+TX, trifloxystrobin [141517-21-7]+TX, orysastrobin [248593-16-0]+TX, picoxystrobin [117428-22-5]+TX, pyraclostrobin [175013-18-0]+TX, pyraoxystrobin [862588-11-2]+TX, ferbam [14484-64-1]+TX, mancozeb [8018-01-7]+TX, maneb [12427-38-2]+TX, metiram [9006-42-2]+TX, propineb [12071-83-9]+TX, thiram [137-26-8]+TX, zineb [12122-67-7]+TX, ziram [137-30-4]+TX, captafol [2425-06-1]+TX, captan [133-06-2]+TX, dichlofluanid [1085-98-9]+TX, fluoroimide [41205-21-4]+TX, folpet [133-07-3]+TX, tolylfluanid [731-27-1]+TX, bordeaux mixture [8011-63-0]+TX, copperhydroxid [20427-59-2]+TX, copperoxychlorid [1332-40-7]+TX, coppersulfat [7758-98-7]+TX, copperoxid [1317-39-1]+TX, mancopper [53988-93-5]+TX, oxine-copper [10380-28-6]+TX, dinocap [131-72-6]+TX, nitrothal-isopropyl [10552-74-6]+TX, edifenphos [17109-49-8]+TX, iprobenphos [26087-47-8]+TX, isoprothiolane [50512-35-1]+TX, phosdiphen [36519-00-3]+TX, pyrazophos [13457-18-6]+TX, tolclofos-methyl [57018-04-9]+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl [135158-54-2]+TX, anilazine [101-05-3]+TX, benthiavalicarb [413615-35-7]+TX, blasticidin-S [2079-00-7]+TX, chinomethionat [2439-01-2]+TX, chloroneb [2675-77-6]+TX, chlorothalonil [1897-45-6]+TX, cyflufenamid [180409-60-3]+TX, cymoxanil [57966-95-7]+TX, dichlone [117-80-6]+TX, diclocymet [139920-32-4]+TX, diclomezine [62865-36-5]+TX, dicloran [99-30-9]+TX, diethofencarb [87130-20-9]+TX, dimethomorph [110488-70-5]+TX, SYP-L190 (Flumorph) [211867-47-9]+TX, dithianon [3347-22-6]+TX, ethaboxam [162650-77-3]+TX, etridiazole [2593-15-9]+TX, famoxadone [131807-57-3]+TX, fenamidone [161326-34-7]+TX, fenoxanil [115852-48-7]+TX, fentin [668-34-8]+TX, ferimzone [89269-64-7]+TX, fluazinam [79622-59-6]+TX, fluopicolide [239110-15-7]+TX, flusulfamide [106917-52-6]+TX, fenhexamid [126833-17-8]+TX, fosetyl-aluminium [39148-24-8]+TX, hymexazol [10004-44-1]+TX, iprovalicarb [140923-17-7]+TX, IKF-916 (Cyazofamid) [120116-88-3]+TX, kasugamycin [6980-18-3]+TX, methasulfocarb [66952-49-6]+TX, metrafenone [220899-03-6]+TX, pencycuron [66063-05-6]+TX, phthalide [27355-22-2]+TX, picarbutrazox [500207-04-5]+TX, polyoxins [11113-80-7]+TX, probenazole [27605-76-1]+TX, propamocarb [25606-41-1]+TX, proquinazid [189278-12-4]+TX, pydiflumetofen [1228284-64-7]+TX, pyrametostrobin [915410-70-7]+TX, pyroquilon [57369-32-1]+TX, pyriofenone [688046-61-9]+TX, pyribencarb [799247-52-2]+TX, pyrisoxazole [847749-37-5]+TX, quinoxyfen [124495-18-7]+TX, quintozene [82-68-8]+TX, sulfur [7704-34-9]+TX, Timorex GoldTM (plant extract containing tea tree oil from the Stockton Group)+TX, tebufloquin [376645-78-2]+TX, tiadinil [223580-51-6]+TX, triazoxide [72459-58-6]+TX, tolprocarb [911499-62-2]+TX, triclopyricarb [902760-40-1]+TX, tricyclazole [41814-78-2]+TX, triforine [26644-46-2]+TX, validamycin [37248-47-8]+TX, valifenalate [283159-90-0]+TX, zoxamide (RH7281) [156052-68-5]+TX, mandipropamid [374726-62-2]+TX, isopyrazam [881685-58-1]+TX, phenamacril+TX, sedaxane [874967-67-6]+TX, trinexapac-ethyl [95266-40-3]+TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (9-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl)-amide (dislosed in WO 2007/048556)+TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide (disclosed in WO 2006/087343)+TX, [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11Hnaphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate [915972-17-7]+TX and 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [926914-55-8]+TX,
or a biologically active compound selected from the group consisting of N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)methyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2010/130767)+TX, 2,6-Dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2011/138281)+TX, 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-pyrrolo[4,5][1,4]dithiino[1,2-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile+TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2012/031061)+TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2012/084812)+TX, CAS 850881-30-0+TX, 3-(3,4-dichloro-1,2-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2007/129454)+TX, 2-[2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide+TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1-yl)quinolone (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2005/070917)+TX, 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2011/081174)+TX, 2-[2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]-6-fluoro-phenyl]propan-2-ol (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2011/081174)+TX, oxathiapiprolin+TX [1003318-67-9], tert-butyl N-[6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate+TX, N-[2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2007/072999)+TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2014/013842)+TX, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl N-[2-methyl-1-[[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]methyl]propyl]carbamate+TX, (2RS)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol+TX, (2RS)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl]-3-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine+TX, N′-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2007/031513)+TX, [2-[3-[2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chloro-phenyl] methanesulfonate (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2012/025557)+TX, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2010/000841)+TX, 2-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2010/146031)+TX, methyl N-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate+TX, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2005/121104)+TX, 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2013/024082)+TX, 3-chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2012/020774)+TX, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine-3-carbonitrile (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2012/020774)+TX, (R)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2011/162397)+TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2012/084812)+TX, 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2013/162072)+TX, 1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2-[[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazol-5-one (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2014/051165)+TX, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide+TX, (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine-3-carboxylate+TX, N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide [1255734-28-1] (can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2010/130767)+TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N—[(R)-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide [1352994-67-2]+TX, N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine+TX, N′-[4-(4,5-dichloro-thiazol-2-yloxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine+TX, N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine+TX, N′-[4-(4,5-dichloro-thiazol-2-yloxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine+TX,
(fenpicoxamid [517875-34-2] (as described in WO 2003/035617))+TX, (1S)-2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methylethyl N-{[3-(acetyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-pyridyl]carbonyl}-L-alaninate [1961312-55-9] (as described in WO 2016/122802)+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, and 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide+TX, wherein each of these carboxamide compounds can be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 2014/095675 and/or WO 2016/139189.
The references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g. [3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients are included in “The Pesticide Manual” [The Pesticide Manual—A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound; for example, the compound “abamectin” is described under entry number (1). Where “[CCN]” is added hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is included in the “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names”, which is accessible on the internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, Copyright © 1995-2004]; for example, the compound “acetoprole” is described under the internet address http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/acetoprole.html
Most of the active ingredients described above are referred to hereinabove by a so-called “common name”, the relevant “ISO common name” or another “common name” being used in individual cases. If the designation is not a “common name”, the nature of the designation used instead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a “chemical name”, a “traditional name”, a “compound name” or a “develoment code” is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a “common name” is used, an “alternative name” is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number.
In the “reference” mixture compositions the mixtures of compounds of formula (I) [selected from Table X (above)] with active ingredients described above comprise a compound selected from Table X (above) and an active ingredient as described above preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or 1:750, or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are by weight.
The mixture compositions as described above (both according to the invention and the “reference” mixture compositions) can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment.
The mixtures comprising a compound of formula (I) selected from Table X (above) and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula (I) selected from Table X (above) and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used in crop enhancement.
According to the present invention, ‘crop enhancement’ means an improvement in plant vigour, an improvement in plant quality, improved tolerance to stress factors, and/or improved input use efficiency.
According to the present invention, an ‘improvement in plant vigour’ means that certain traits are improved qualitatively or quantitatively when compared with the same trait in a control plant which has been grown under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. Such traits include, but are not limited to, early and/or improved germination, improved emergence, the ability to use less seeds, increased root growth, a more developed root system, increased root nodulation, increased shoot growth, increased tillering, stronger tillers, more productive tillers, increased or improved plant stand, less plant verse (lodging), an increase and/or improvement in plant height, an increase in plant weight (fresh or dry), bigger leaf blades, greener leaf colour, increased pigment content, increased photosynthetic activity, earlier flowering, longer panicles, early grain maturity, increased seed, fruit or pod size, increased pod or ear number, increased seed number per pod or ear, increased seed mass, enhanced seed filling, less dead basal leaves, delay of senescence, improved vitality of the plant, increased levels of amino acids in storage tissues and/or less inputs needed (e.g. less fertiliser, water and/or labour needed). A plant with improved vigour may have an increase in any of the aforementioned traits or any combination or two or more of the aforementioned traits.
According to the present invention, an ‘improvement in plant quality’ means that certain traits are improved qualitatively or quantitatively when compared with the same trait in a control plant which has been grown under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. Such traits include, but are not limited to, improved visual appearance of the plant, reduced ethylene (reduced production and/or inhibition of reception), improved quality of harvested material, e.g. seeds, fruits, leaves, vegetables (such improved quality may manifest as improved visual appearance of the harvested material), improved carbohydrate content (e.g. increased quantities of sugar and/or starch, improved sugar acid ratio, reduction of reducing sugars, increased rate of development of sugar), improved protein content, improved oil content and composition, improved nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved organoleptic properties (e.g. improved taste) and/or improved consumer health benefits (e.g. increased levels of vitamins and anti-oxidants)), improved post-harvest characteristics (e.g. enhanced shelf-life and/or storage stability, easier processability, easier extraction of compounds), more homogenous crop development (e.g. synchronised germination, flowering and/or fruiting of plants), and/or improved seed quality (e.g. for use in following seasons). A plant with improved quality may have an increase in any of the aforementioned traits or any combination or two or more of the aforementioned traits.
According to the present invention, an ‘improved tolerance to stress factors’ means that certain traits are improved qualitatively or quantitatively when compared with the same trait in a control plant which has been grown under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. Such traits include, but are not limited to, an increased tolerance and/or resistance to abiotic stress factors which cause sub-optimal growing conditions such as drought (e.g. any stress which leads to a lack of water content in plants, a lack of water uptake potential or a reduction in the water supply to plants), cold exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, UV stress, flooding, increased salinity (e.g. in the soil), increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure and/or limited availability of nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and/or phosphorus nutrients). A plant with improved tolerance to stress factors may have an increase in any of the aforementioned traits or any combination or two or more of the aforementioned traits. In the case of drought and nutrient stress, such improved tolerances may be due to, for example, more efficient uptake, use or retention of water and nutrients.
According to the present invention, an ‘improved input use efficiency’ means that the plants are able to grow more effectively using given levels of inputs compared to the grown of control plants which are grown under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. In particular, the inputs include, but are not limited to fertiliser (such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, micronutrients), light and water. A plant with improved input use efficiency may have an improved use of any of the aforementioned inputs or any combination of two or more of the aforementioned inputs.
Other crop enhancements of the present invention include a decrease in plant height, or reduction in tillering, which are beneficial features in crops or conditions where it is desirable to have less biomass and fewer tillers.
Any or all of the above crop enhancements may lead to an improved yield by improving e.g. plant physiology, plant growth and development and/or plant architecture. In the context of the present invention ‘yield’ includes, but is not limited to, (i) an increase in biomass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content and/or protein content, which may result from (a) an increase in the amount produced by the plant per se or (b) an improved ability to harvest plant matter, (ii) an improvement in the composition of the harvested material (e.g. improved sugar acid ratios, improved oil composition, increased nutritional value, reduction of anti-nutritional compounds, increased consumer health benefits) and/or (iii) an increased/facilitated ability to harvest the crop, improved processability of the crop and/or better storage stability/shelf life. Increased yield of an agricultural plant means that, where it is possible to take a quantitative measurement, the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without application of the present invention. According to the present invention, it is preferred that the yield be increased by at least 0.5%, more preferred at least 1%, even more preferred at least 2%, still more preferred at least 4%, preferably 5% or even more.
Any or all of the above crop enhancements may also lead to an improved utilisation of land, i.e. land which was previously unavailable or sub-optimal for cultivation may become available. For example, plants which show an increased ability to survive in drought conditions, may be able to be cultivated in areas of sub-optimal rainfall, e.g. perhaps on the fringe of a desert or even the desert itself.
In one aspect of the present invention, crop enhancements are made in the substantial absence of pressure from pests and/or diseases and/or abiotic stress. In a further aspect of the present invention, improvements in plant vigour, stress tolerance, quality and/or yield are made in the substantial absence of pressure from pests and/or diseases. For example pests and/or diseases may be controlled by a pesticidal treatment that is applied prior to, or at the same time as, the method of the present invention. In a still further aspect of the present invention, improvements in plant vigour, stress tolerance, quality and/or yield are made in the absence of pest and/or disease pressure. In a further embodiment, improvements in plant vigour, quality and/or yield are made in the absence, or substantial absence, of abiotic stress.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used in the field of protecting storage goods against attack of fungi. According to the present invention, the term “storage goods” is understood to denote natural substances of vegetable and/or animal origin and their processed forms, which have been taken from the natural life cycle and for which long-term protection is desired. Storage goods of vegetable origin, such as plants or parts thereof, for example stalks, leafs, tubers, seeds, fruits or grains, can be protected in the freshly harvested state or in processed form, such as pre-dried, moistened, comminuted, ground, pressed or roasted. Also falling under the definition of storage goods is timber, whether in the form of crude timber, such as construction timber, electricity pylons and barriers, or in the form of finished articles, such as furniture or objects made from wood. Storage goods of animal origin are hides, leather, furs, hairs and the like. The composition according the present invention can prevent disadvantageous effects such as decay, discoloration or mold. Preferably “storage goods” is understood to denote natural substances of vegetable origin and/or their processed forms, more preferably fruits and their processed forms, such as pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus fruits and their processed forms. In another preferred embodiment of the invention “storage goods” is understood to denote wood.
Therefore a further aspect of the present invention is a method of protecting storage goods, which comprises applying to the storage goods a composition according to the invention.
The composition of the present invention may also be used in the field of protecting technical material against attack of fungi. According to the present invention, the term “technical material” includes paper; carpets; constructions; cooling and heating systems; wall-boards; ventilation and air conditioning systems and the like; preferably “technical material” is understood to denote wall-boards. The composition according the present invention can prevent disadvantageous effects such as decay, discoloration or mold.
The composition according to the invention is generally formulated in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g. from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
The formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof.
The active ingredients can also be contained in microcapsules. Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95% by weight of the capsule weight. The active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.
The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the formulations according to the invention are known per se. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.
Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.
A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono- and di-alkylphosphate esters; and also further substances described e.g. in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood N.J. (1981).
Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micronutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers.
The formulations according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the formulation according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10%, based on the mixture to be applied. For example, the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.
The formulations generally comprise from 0.1 to 99% by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compounds of formula (I) and (II) and from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25% by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercial products may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.
The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. As a general guideline compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l/ha.
Certain mixture compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) described above may show a synergistic effect. This occurs whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components. The action to be expected E for a given active ingredient combination obeys the so-called COLBY formula and can be calculated as follows (COLBY, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination”. Weeds, Vol. 15, pages 20-22; 1967): ppm=milligrams of active ingredient (=a.i.) per liter of spray mixture
X=% action by active ingredient A) using p ppm of active ingredient
Y=% action by active ingredient B) using q ppm of active ingredient.
According to COLBY, the expected (additive) action of active ingredients A)+B) using p+q ppm of active ingredient is:
If the action actually observed (O) is greater than the expected action (E), then the action of the combination is super-additive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect. In mathematical terms, synergism corresponds to a positive value for the difference of (O-E). In the case of purely complementary addition of activities (expected activity), said difference (O-E) is zero. A negative value of said difference (O-E) signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity.
However, besides the actual synergistic action with respect to fungicidal activity, the composition according to the invention may also have further surprising advantageous properties. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: more advantageous degradability; improved toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour; or improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf colour, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, improved plant vigor, and early germination.
The composition according to the invention can be applied to the phytopathogenic microorganisms, the useful plants, the locus thereof, the propagation material thereof, storage goods or technical materials threatened by microorganism attack.
The composition according to the invention may be applied before or after infection of the useful plants, the propagation material thereof, storage goods or technical materials by the microorganisms.
The amount of a composition according to the invention to be applied, will depend on various factors, such as the compounds employed; the subject of the treatment, such as, for example plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, such as, for example spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, such as, for example prophylactic or therapeutic; the type of fungi to be controlled or the application time.
When applied to the useful plants component (A) is typically applied at a rate of 5 to 2000 g a.i./ha, particularly 10 to 1000 g a.i./ha, e.g. 50, 75, 100 or 200 g a.i./ha, typically in association with 1 to 5000 g a.i./ha, particularly 2 to 2000 g a.i./ha, e.g. 100, 250, 500, 800, 1000, 1500 g a.i./ha of component (B).
In agricultural practice the application rates of the composition according to the invention depend on the type of effect desired, and typically range from 20 to 4000 g of total composition per hectare.
When the composition according to the invention is used for treating seed, rates of 0.001 to 50 g of a compound of component (A) per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 10 g per kg of seed, and 0.001 to 50 g of a compound of component (B), per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 10 g per kg of seed, are generally sufficient.
For the avoidance of doubt, where a literary reference, patent application, or patent, is cited within the text of this application, the entire text of said citation is herein incorporated by reference.
The Examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention. Certain compounds and compositions of the invention can be distinguished from known compounds and compositions by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates, which can be verified by the person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures outlined in the Examples, using lower application rates if necessary, for example 50 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 6 ppm, 3 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 0.8 ppm or 0.2 ppm.
Throughout this description, temperatures are given in degrees Celsius and “m.p.” means melting point. LC/MS means Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and the description of the apparatus and the methods are:
Method G:
Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer (ACQUITY UPLC) from Waters (SQD, SQDII or ZQ Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30-60 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 0 L/Hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 L/Hr, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 μm, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH, gradient: 10-100% B in 1.2 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85
Method H:
Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer (ACQUITY UPLC) from Waters (SQD, SQDII or ZQ Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30-60 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 0 L/Hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 L/Hr, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 μm, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH, gradient: 10-100% B in 2.7 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85
The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
The active ingredient is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
The finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.
The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
28 parts of a combination of the compound of formula I are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed.
The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns.
The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
n-Butyl lithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 100 mL, 248.9 mmol) was added slowly to a solution of diisopropyl amine (35.2 mL, 248.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (400 mL) at −70° C. The resulting solution was aged for 30 min at −70° C. and then ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate (36 g, 207.4 mmol) was added drop wise. The reaction was stirred for 2 h at −70° C., benzyl bromide (43.2 g, 248.9 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature over ca. 2 h. Saturated NH4Cl solution was added and the mixture was extracted with methyl tertbutyl ether. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was passed through a short pad of silica gel, the pad was rinsed with cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (2:1) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, affording ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoate as light orange oil.
n-Butyl lithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 99 mL, 247.2 mmol) was added slowly to a solution of diisopropyl amine (35 mL, 247.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (380 mL) at −70° C. The resulting solution was aged for 30 min at −70° C. and then the crude product obtained above (49.5 g, 190.2 mmol, diluted with tetrahydrofuran (30 mL)) was added slowly at −70° C. The resulting dark solution was stirred for 2 h at −70° C. before methyl iodide (13.1 mL, 209.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to 20° C. over ca. 3 h, then quenched with saturated NH4Cl solution and extracted with methyl tertbutylether. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was passed through a short pad of silica gel, the pad was rinsed with cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (2:1) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, affording the title compound as light brown oil (ca. 80% pure).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.05-7.33 (m, 5H), 4.13 (q, 2H), 2.98 (d, 1H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t, 3H).
A solution of ethyl 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoate (25.5 g, 93.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (45 mL)/ethanol (45 mL) was treated with NaOH (7.6 g, 186 mmol) at room temperature, the resulting solution was warmed to 90° C. and aged for 1 h at 90° C. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated to about 50% of the original volume. The residue was diluted with water and washed with cyclohexane. The water layer was then acidified with HCl (conc.) under ice cooling at temp <25° C. and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic layer were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoic acid as dark yellow oil which solidified upon standing at room temperature.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.07-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.07-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.02 (d, 1H), 2.86 (d, 1H), 2.70-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.35 (m, 1H), 1.31 (s, 3H).
Oxalyl chloride (0.15 mL, 1.66 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoic acid (0.4 g, 1.38 mmol) and 2 drops of dimethyl formamide in dichloromethane (4 mL) at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and then concentrated in vacuo an oily residue. This residue was taken up in dichloromethane (2 mL) and slowly added to a solution of 8-fluoro-quinolin-3-amine (0.22 g, 1.38 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (ca. 5 mg) and triethylamine (0.58 mL, 4.14 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate and quenched with water. The organic layer was washed with aqueous NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide as light brown foam.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.40 (m, 6H), 3.11-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.74 (d, 1H), 2.21-2.45 (m, 1H), 1.53 (s, 3H).
The 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide mixture was submitted to chiral resolution by preparative HPLC chromathography using the conditions outlined hereafter.
Column: Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® OZ, 3 um, 0.3 cm×10 cm, 40° C.
Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: EtOH gradient: 20% B in 1.8 min
Flow rate: 2.0 ml/min
Sample concentration: 1 mg/mL in ACN/iPr 50/50
Autopurification System from Waters: 2767 sample Manager, 2489 UV/Visible Detector, 2545 Quaternary Gradient Module.
Column: Daicel CHIRALPAK® IB, 5 um, 1.0 cm×25 cm
Mobile phase: Hept/EtOH 90/10
Flow rate: 10 ml/min
Sample concentration: 100 mg/mL in MeOH/DCM (1/1)
The compound with the elution time of 0.78 minute is (2R)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide, corresponding to compound F-24.
The compound with the elution time of 1.60 minutes is (2S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide, corresponding to compound F-23.
To a suspension of 2-fluoroaniline (25 g, 214 mmol) and potassium carbonate (29.8 g, 214 mmol) in acetone (430 mL) was added 1-bromo-2-butyne (26.1 g, 192 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was warmed to 70° C. and stirred for 22 h at this temperature. After cooling to room temperature, approx. 200 mL of the solvent was removed in vacuo and the water was added. The mixture was extracted with tertbutyl methyl ether, the organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The dark yellow residue was filtrated through a plug of silica gel and the filtrate was concentrated to a yellow liquid consisting of a mixture of N-but-2-ynyl-2-fluoro-aniline and N,N-bis(but-2-ynyl)-2-fluoro-aniline.
This oil was diluted with acetonitrile (2000 mL), NaHCO3 (34.6 g, 408 mmol) and iodine (104 g, 408 mmol) was added and the resulting dark brown solution was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. Aqueous Na2S2O3 solution was then added and the mixture was extracted multiple times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine; dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford 8-fluoro-3-iodo-4-methyl-quinoline as light yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.51 (dt, 1H), 7.36-7.47 (m, 1H), 2.87 (s, 3H).
19F NMR (377 MHz CDCl3) δ −124.00 (s, 1F).
A pressure resistant vessel was charged with 8-fluoro-3-iodo-4-methyl-quinoline (1 g, 3.5 mmol), Cs2CO3 (2.3 g, 7.0 mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (0.14 g, 1.4 mmol), copper(II)acetylacetonate (0.09 g, 0.35 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (7 mL). The resulting mixture was purged with N2, aqueous ammonia (25%, 1 mL, 14 mmol) was then added, and the vessel was sealed and warmed to 90° C. After stirred for 24 h at 90° C., the resulting dark solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine; dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford 8-fluoro-4-methyl-quinolin-3-amine as brown solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.40 (dt, 1H), 7.14 (ddd, 1H), 3.93 (br s, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H).
A solution of methyl-3-phenylpropionate (5.0 g, 30 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was added slowly to lithium diisopropylamide (prepared from n-butyl lithium [2.5 M in hexanes, 14 mL, 36 mmol] and diisopropylamine [5.2 mL, 37 mmol] in tetrahydrofuran [15 mL]) at −78° C. The reaction was aged for 2 h at −78° C., iodomethane (2.8 mL, 45 mmol) was added and the resulting solution was gradually warmed to 0° C. over 3 h. Saturated, aq. NH4Cl solution was then added and the mixture was extracted with tertbutyl methyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford methyl 2-methyl-3-phenyl-propanoate as colourless liquid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.98-7.29 (m, 5H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.96 (dd, 1H), 2.53-2.73 (m, 2H), 1.08 (d, 3H).
A solution of methyl 2-methyl-3-phenyl-propanoate (1.40 g, 7.86 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) was added slowly to lithium diisopropylamide (prepared from n-butyl lithium [2.5 M in hexanes, 3.8 mL, 9.4 mmol] and diisopropylamine [1.38 mL, 9.8 mmol] in tetrahydrofuran [4 mL]) at −78° C. The reaction was aged for 2 h at −78° C., 3-bromo-2-methylpropene (1.22 mL, 11.8 mmol) was added and the resulting solution was gradually warmed to 0° C. over 3 h. Saturated, aq. NH4Cl solution was then added and the mixture was extracted with tertbutyl methyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford methyl 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoate as colourless liquid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.98-7.43 (m, 5H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.14 (d, 1H), 2.69 (t, 2H), 2.18 (d, 1H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H).
To a suspension of methyl 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoate (0.10 g, 0.5 mmol) and 8-fluoro-4-methyl-quinolin-3-amine (0.08 g, 0.5 mmol) in toluene (1 mL) was added trimethyl aluminium (2 M in toluene, 0.3 mL, 0.6 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was warmed to 90° C. and stirred for 64 h at this temperature. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature and added into aq. NaOH (1 M) solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford 2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enamide as yellow solid, m.p. 105-109° C.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.45 (m, 7H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 1H), 3.35 (d, 1H), 3.02 (d, 1H), 2.66 (d, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.22 (d, 1H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H)
19F NMR (377 MHz CDCl3) δ −124.67 (s, 1F)
A solution of ethyl 2,4-dimethylpentanoate (1.0 g, 5.1 mmol, prepared according to Synthesis, 2005, p. 272-278) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added slowly to lithium diisopropylamide (prepared from n-butyl lithium [1.6 M in hexanes, 3.8 mL, 6.1 mmol] and diisopropylamine [0.85 mL, 6.1 mmol] in tetrahydrofuran [5 mL]) at −78° C. The reaction was aged for 2 h at −78° C., benzylbromide (0.95 g, 5.56 mmol) and, 3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (0.1 mL) was added and the resulting solution was gradually warmed to 20° C. over 3 h. Saturated, aq. NH4Cl solution was then added and the mixture was extracted with tertbutyl methyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford ethyl 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoate as colourless liquid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.02-7.26 (m, 5H), 4.07 (q, 2H), 3.03 (d, 1H), 2.60 (d, 1H), 1.64-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.38 (dd, 1H), 1.22 (t, 3H), 1.09 (s, 3H), 0.91 (d, 3H), 0.83 (d, 3H).
To a suspension of ethyl 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoate (0.09 g, 0.35 mmol) and quinolin-3-amine (0.05 g, 0.35 mmol) in toluene (0.7 mL) was added trimethyl aluminium (2 M in toluene, 0.22 mL, 0.45 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting solution was warmed to 90° C. and stirred for 24 h at this temperature. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature and added into aq. NaOH (1 M) solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-N-(3-quinolyl)pentanamide as yellow solid, m.p. 147-148° C.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (d, 1H), 8.43 (d, 1H), 8.03 (d, 1H), 7.81 (dd, 1H), 7.44-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.23 (m, 5H), 3.19 (d, 1H), 2.64 (d, 1H), 2.05 (dd, 1H), 1.73-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.00 (d, 3H), 0.92 (d, 3H).
To a solution of 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoic acid (20.35 g, 82.65 mmol) in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) (275 mL) was added (S)-(−)-1-phenylethylamine (5.11 g, 41.32 mmol) at ambient temperature, resulting in the formation of a white precipitate. The slurry was gradually heated to 60° C., stirred at this temperature for ˜3 h and then the mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature overnight (˜18 h). The white precipitate was collected by filtration, was washed with CPME and dried in vacuo to afford the ammonium salt as off-white solid.
The salt was suspended in tertbutyl methyl ether (100 mL) and treated with aqueous HCl (2 M) and the mixture was stirred until a clear colorless emulsion was formed. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford (S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoic acid as pale yellow oil (e.r.=95:5, retention time minor enantiomer: 2.67 min, retention time major enantiomer: 3.50 min, Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® IG, CO2/MeOH).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.18 (m, 2H), 3.05 (d, 1H), 2.76-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.33 (s, 3H). 19F NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 60.06 (s, 3F).
To a solution of (S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoic acid (6.70 g, 27.2 mmol) in DCM (80 mL) was added DMF (5 drops) followed by oxalyl chloride (4.23 g, 32.7 mmol) over a period of 2 h. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for additional 80 min until the gas evolution ceased. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to remove all volatiles and afforded crude (S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoyl chloride as yellow oil. This material was dissolved in DCM (55 mL) and used directly in the following step.
To a solution of 8-fluoro-4-methyl-quinolin-3-amine (5.27 g, 29.9 mmol) and 1-methylimidazole (6.77 g, 81.6 mmol) in DCM (90 mL) was added a solution of (S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoyl chloride in DCM (as prepared above) over a period of ˜10 min. The resulting brown solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with additional DCM and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a dark yellow oil. The residue was purified by medium pressure chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane:EtOAc) to afford (S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide as off white solid. [α]D: −128° (CHCl3, c=1.00), (e.r. 95:5 {retention time minor enantiomer: 1.71 min, retention time major enantiomer: 0.71 min, Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® ID, CO2/iPrOH})
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.49-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.42 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.22 (dd, 2H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 3.22-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.67 (d, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.31 (m, 1H), 1.59 (s, 3H). 19F NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 60.03 (s, 3F), 124.18 (s, 1F).
To a solution of 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoic acid (0.50 g, 2.0 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added DMF (2 drops) followed by oxalyl chloride (0.32 g, 0.22 mmol) over a period of 30 min. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for additional 70 min until the gas evolution ceased. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to remove all volatiles and afforded crude 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoyl chloride as yellow oil. This material was dissolved in DCM (6 mL) and used directly in the following step.
To a solution of 8-fluoro-2-methyl-quinolin-3-amine (0.39 g, 2.2 mmol) and 1-methylimidazole (0.51 g, 6.1 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added a solution of 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-butanoyl chloride (as prepared above) over a period of 5 min. The resulting brown solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with additional DCM and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a dark yellow oil. The residue was purified by medium pressure chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane:EtOAc) to afford 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide as off white solid, m.p. 137-140° C.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.79 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.45 (td, 1H), 7.21-7.37 (m, 4H), 7.00-7.19 (m, 3H), 3.20-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.70 (d, 1H), 2.24-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.55 ppm (s, 3H). 19F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl3) δ −60.03 (s, 3F), −126.77 ppm (s, 1F).
The 2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide mixture was submitted to chiral resolution by preparative HPLC chromathography using the conditions outlined hereafter.
Analytical HPLC method:
SFC: Waters Acquity UPC2/QDa
PDA Detector Waters Acquity UPC2
Column: Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® OZ, 3 μm, 0.3 cm×10 cm, 40° C.
Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: EtOH gradient: 20% B in 1.8 min
ABPR: 1800 psi
Flow rate: 2.0 ml/min
Detection: 244 nm
Sample concentration: 1 mg/mL in ACN/iPr 50/50
Injection: 1 μL
Preparative HPLC Method:
Autopurification System from Waters: 2767 sample Manager, 2489 UV/Visible
Detector, 2545 Quaternary Gradient Module.
Column: Daicel CHIRALPAK® IE, 5 μm, 1.0 cm×25 cm
Mobile phase: Hept/EtOH 95/05
Flow rate: 10 ml/min
Detection: UV 265 nm
Sample concentration: 50 mg/mL in DCM
Injection: 90 μl-180 μl
The compound with the elution time of 1.39 minute is (2S)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide, corresponding to compound F-12.
The compound with the elution time of 0.70 minutes is (2R)-2-benzyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-(8-fluoro-3-quinolyl)-2-methyl-butanamide, corresponding to compound F-11.
A solution of methyl-3-phenylpropionate (5.0 g, 30 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was added slowly to lithium diisopropylamide (prepared from n-butyl lithium [2.5 M in hexanes, 14 mL, 36 mmol] and diisopropylamine [5.2 mL, 37 mmol] in tetrahydrofuran [15 mL]) at −78° C. The reaction was aged for 2 h at −78° C., iodomethane (2.8 mL, 45 mmol) was added and the resulting solution was gradually warmed to 0° C. over 3 h. Saturated, aq. NH4Cl solution was then added and the mixture was extracted with tertbutyl methyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford methyl 2-methyl-3-phenyl-propanoate as colourless liquid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.98-7.29 (m, 5H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.96 (dd, 1H), 2.53-2.73 (m, 2H), 1.08 (d, 3H).
A solution of methyl 2-methyl-3-phenyl-propanoate (1.40 g, 7.86 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) was added slowly to lithium diisopropylamide (prepared from n-butyl lithium [2.5 M in hexanes, 3.8 mL, 9.4 mmol] and diisopropylamine [1.38 mL, 9.8 mmol] in tetrahydrofuran [4 mL]) at −78° C. The reaction was aged for 2 h at −78° C., 3-bromo-2-methylpropene (1.22 mL, 11.8 mmol) was added and the resulting solution was gradually warmed to 0° C. over 3 h. Saturated, aq. NH4Cl solution was then added and the mixture was extracted with tertbutyl methyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to afford methyl 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoate as colourless liquid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.98-7.43 (m, 5H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.14 (d, 1H), 2.69 (t, 2H), 2.18 (d, 1H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H).
A solution of methyl 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoate (1.68 g, 6.51 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (13 mL)/ethanol (13 mL) was treated with solid NaOH (1.3 g, 32.5 mmol), the resulting mixture was warmed to 90° C. and aged at this temperature for 2 h. All volatiles were then removed in vacuo and the residue was taken up in a mixture of water and dichloromethane. The layers were separated, the aqueous layer was acidified with HCl (4 M) to pH 2 and extracted with dichloromethane. This organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoic acid as a low melting, white solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.12-7.39 (m, 5H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H), 3.15 (d, 1H), 2.71 (d, 2H), 2.21 (d, 1H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.11 ppm (s, 3H).
To a solution of 2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoic acid (1 g, 4.1 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added (S)-(−)-1-(2-naphthyl)ethylamine (99% ee, 0.36 g, 2.1 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) at RT. The resulting suspension was warmed to 60° C. and stirred at this temperature for 3 h. After cooling to RT, the precipitate was collected by suction filtration, rinsed with several portions of ethanol and dried in vacuo to afford the ammonium salt as white solid.
The salt obtained above was taken up in aqueous NaOH (2 N) and the solution washed with tertbutyl methyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with aqueous HCl (4 M) to pH 2 and extracted several times with tertbutyl methyl ether. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo to afford (R)-2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoic acid (e.r.=93:7 {retention time minor enantiomer: 2.91 min, retention time major enantiomer: 3.51 min. Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® IG, CO2/MeOH}) as white solid.
A solution of (R)-2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pent-4-enoic acid (3.45 g, 15.8 mmol) in EtOH (70 mL) was treated with Pd/C (10%-Pd, 1.0 g) and stirred was stirred for 2 h under an atmosphere of H2 at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was then filtrated through celite, the filter cake was rinsed with EtOAc and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as colourless gum.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.07-7.37 (m, 5H), 3.09 (d, 1H), 2.67 (d, 1H), 1.71-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 0.95 ppm (dd, 6H).
To a solution of (2R)-2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoic acid (0.50 g, 2.27 mmol) in dichloromethane (7 mL) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (2 drops) was slowly added oxalyl chloride (0.35 g, 2.73 mmol) at ambient temperature. The resulting colourless solution was stirred until gas evolution ceased (ca. 45 min). All volatiles were then removed in vacuo at 50° C. to afford crude (R)-2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoyl chloride as pale oil which was used as such.
The oil obtained above was taken up in dichloromethane (3 mL) and slowly added to a solution of 8-fluoro-4-methyl-quinolin-3-amine (0.44 g, 2.5 mmol) and N-methyl imidazole (0.56 g, 6.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 mL) at ambient temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature. Additional dichloromethane was then added and the solution was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The brown residue was purified by medium pressure chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane/ethyl acetate) to afford the title compound as yellow solid, m.p. 134-136° C.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.46 (td, 1H), 7.06-7.40 (m, 7H), 3.22 (d, 1H), 2.61 (d, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.13 (dd, 1H), 1.79-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.49 (dd, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.02 ppm (dd, 6H).
[α]D: −103° (CHCl3, c=1.00), (e.r. 93:7 {retention time minor enantiomer: 4.28 min, retention time major enantiomer: 3.10 min Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® IF, CO2/EtOH})
To a solution of (2R)-2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoic acid (4.55 g, 20.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (3 drops) was slowly added oxalyl chloride (3.15 g, 24.8 mmol) at ambient temperature. The resulting colourless solution was stirred until gas evolution ceased (ca. 60 min). All volatiles were then removed in vacuo at 50° C. to afford crude (R)-2-benzyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoyl chloride as pale oil which was used as such.
The oil obtained above was taken up in dichloromethane (40 mL) and slowly added to a solution of 8-fluoro-2-methyl-quinolin-3-amine (4.0 g, 22.7 mmol) and N-methyl imidazole (5.14 g, 61.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) at ambient temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 6 h at ambient temperature. Additional dichloromethane was then added and the solution was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The brown residue was purified by medium pressure chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane/ethyl acetate) to afford the title compound as white solid (e.r.=89:11 {retention time minor enantiomer: 3.29 min, retention time major enantiomer: 1.74 min, Daicel SFC CHIRALPAK® ID, CO2/iPrOH}).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.93 (d, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.43 (td, 1H), 7.29-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.03-7.17 (m, 3H), 3.19 (d, 1H), 2.64 (d, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.14 (dd, 1H), 1.79-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.52 (dd, 1H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.04 (d, 3H), 0.96 ppm (d, 3H).
19F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl3) δ −127.06 ppm (s, 1F).
Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea)/Liquid Culture (Gray Mould)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (Vogels broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Botryotinia fuckeliana at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5, E-6, E-7, E-8, E-9, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-15, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-22, E-23, E-24, E-25, E-26, E-27, E-28, E-29, E-30, E-31, E-32, E-33, E-34, E-35, E-36, E-37, E-38, E-39, E-40, E-41, E-42, E-43, E-44, E-45, E-46, E-47, E-48, E-49, E-50, E-51, E-52, E-53, E-54, E-55, E-56, E-57, E-58, E-59, E-60, E-61, E-63, E-64, E-65, E-66, E-68, E-69, E-70, E-71, E-72, E-73, E-74, E-75, E-76, E-77, E-78, E-79, E-80, E-81, E-82, E-83, E-84, E-85, E-86, E-87, E-88, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-92, E-93, E-94, E-95, E-96, E-97, E-98, E-99, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-11, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-17, F-18, F-19, F-20, F-21, F-22, F-23, F-24, F-25, F-26, F-27, F-28, F-29, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-33, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-37, F-38, F-39, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-43, F-44
Fusarium culmorum/Liquid Culture (Head Blight)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Fusarium culmorum at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5, E-6, E-7, E-8, E-9, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-15, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-22, E-23, E-24, E-25, E-26, E-27, E-28, E-30, E-31, E-32, E-33, E-34, E-35, E-36, E-37, E-38, E-39, E-40, E-41, E-42, E-43, E-44, E-45, E-46, E-47, E-48, E-49, E-50, E-51, E-52, E-53, E-54, E-55, E-56, E-57, E-58, E-59, E-60, E-61, E-63, E-64, E-65, E-66, E-68, E-69, E-70, E-71, E-72, E-73, E-74, E-75, E-76, E-77, E-78, E-79, E-80, E-81, E-82, E-83, E-84, E-85, E-86, E-87, E-88, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-92, E-93, E-94, E-95, E-96, E-97, E-98, E-99, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-11, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-17, F-18, F-19, F-20, F-21, F-22, F-23, F-24, F-25, F-26, F-27, F-28, F-29, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-33, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-37, F-38, F-39, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-43, F-44
Fusarium culmorum/Wheat/Spikelet Preventative (Head Blight)
Wheat spikelets cv. Monsun are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The spikelets are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 1 day after application. The inoculated spikelets are incubated at 20° C. and 60% rh under a light regime of 72 h semi darkness followed by 12 h light/12 h darkness in a climate chamber and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check spikelets (6-8 days after application).
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Fusarium culmorum at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-2, E-5, E-8, E-10, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-25, E-28, E-32, E-35, E-37, E-38, E-39, E-40, E-41, E-43, E-44, E-45, E-47, E-48, E-50, E-51, E-53, E-55, E-56, E-57, E-58, E-59, E-60, E-63, E-64, E-66, E-68, E-69, E-71, E-74, E-77, E-78, E-80, E-81, E-82, E-83, E-84, E-86, E-87, E-88, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-92, E-96, E-97, E-99, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-4, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-11, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-19, F-20, F-21, F-23, F-24, F-25, F-26, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-37, F-38, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-43, F-44
Glomerella lagenarium (Colletotrichum lagenarium)/Liquid Culture (Anthracnose)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is measured photometrically 3-4 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Glomerella lagenarium at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5, E-6, E-7, E-8, E-9, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-15, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-22, E-23, E-24, E-25, E-26, E-28, E-31, E-32, E-33, E-34, E-35, E-36, E-37, E-38, E-39, E-40, E-41, E-42, E-43, E-44, E-45, E-46, E-47, E-48, E-50, E-51, E-52, E-53, E-54, E-55, E-56, E-57, E-58, E-59, E-60, E-61, E-64, E-65, E-66, E-68, E-69, E-70, E-71, E-72, E-73, E-74, E-75, E-76, E-77, E-78, E-79, E-80, E-81, E-82, E-83, E-84, E-85, E-86, E-87, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-92, E-93, E-94, E-95, E-96, E-97, E-98, E-99, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-11, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-17, F-18, F-19, F-20, F-21, F-22, F-23, F-24, F-25, F-26, F-27, F-28, F-29, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-33, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-37, F-38, F-39, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-43, F-44
Gaeumannomyces graminis/Liquid Culture (Take-all of Cereals)
Mycelial fragments of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4-5 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Gaeumannomyces graminis at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
Monographella nivalis (Microdochium nivale)/Liquid Culture (Foot Rot Cereals)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4-5 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Monographella nivalis at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-3, E-5, E-6, E-7, E-9, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-15, E-17, E-18, E-20, E-22, E-23, E-24, E-26, E-27, E-28, E-30, E-32, E-36, E-37, E-39, E-40, E-41, E-43, E-46, E-50, E-51, E-52, E-53, E-55, E-56, E-57, E-58, E-59, E-60, E-61, E-62, E-64, E-65, E-66, E-68, E-69, E-71, E-72, E-74, E-76, E-77, E-78, E-80, E-82, E-83, E-84, E-86, E-87, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-93, E-94, E-95, E-96, E-97, F-3, F-5, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-17, F-18, F-20, F-21, F-22, F-23, F-24, F-27, F-28, F-29, F-30, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-38, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-44
Mycosphaerella arachidis (Cercospora arachidicola)/Liquid Culture (Early Leaf Spot)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4-5 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Mycosphaerella arachidis at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae)/Liquid Culture (Rice Blast)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Magnaporthe grisea at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5, E-6, E-7, E-8, E-9, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-15, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-22, E-23, E-24, E-25, E-26, E-27, E-28, E-29, E-30, E-31, E-32, E-33, E-34, E-35, E-36, E-37, E-38, E-39, E-40, E-41, E-42, E-43, E-44, E-45, E-46, E-47, E-48, E-49, E-50, E-51, E-52, E-53, E-54, E-55, E-56, E-57, E-58, E-59, E-60, E-61, E-63, E-64, E-65, E-66, E-68, E-70, E-71, E-72, E-73, E-74, E-75, E-76, E-77, E-78, E-79, E-80, E-81, E-82, E-83, E-84, E-85, E-86, E-87, E-88, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-92, E-93, E-94, E-95, E-96, E-97, E-98, E-99, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-11, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-17, F-18, F-19, F-20, F-21, F-22, F-23, F-24, F-25, F-26, F-27, F-28, F-29, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-33, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-37, F-38, F-39, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-43, F-44
Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae)/Rice/Leaf Disc Preventative (Rice Blast)
Rice leaf segments cv. Ballila are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application. The inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 22° C. and 80% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light/12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (5-7 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Magnaporthe grisea at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-1, E-2, E-6, E-8, E-13, E-17, E-18, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-26, E-27, E-29, E-30, E-44, E-45, E-46, E-50, E-76, E-80, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-93, E-96, E-97, E-98, E-99, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-4, F-6, F-9, F-11, F-12, F-21, F-25, F-26, F-29, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-34, F-35, F-36, F-41, F-42, F-43, F-44
Pyrenophora teres/Barley/Leaf Disc Preventative (Net Blotch)
Barley leaf segments cv. Hasso are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf segmens are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application. The inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 20° C. and 65% rh under a light regime of 12 h light/12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (5-7 days after application).
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Pyrenophora teres at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici)/Liquid Culture (Septoria Blotch)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4-5 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Mycosphaerella graminicola at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum/Liquid Culture (Cottony Rot)
Mycelia fragments of a newly grown liquid culture of the fungus are directly mixed into nutrient broth (Vogels broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal material is added. The test plates are incubated at 24° C. and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
The following compounds of Tables E and F gave at least 80% control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development:
E-5, E-8, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-15, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-19, E-20, E-21, E-22, E-25, E-45, E-47, E-50, E-51, E-53, E-56, E-74, E-80, E-81, E-84, E-86, E-87, E-89, E-90, E-91, E-93, E-96, E-100, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6, F-7, F-8, F-9, F-10, F-11, F-12, F-13, F-14, F-15, F-20, F-21, F-23, F-26, F-28, F-29, F-30, F-31, F-32, F-34, F-36, F-38, F-40, F-41, F-42, F-44
Further biolgical test examples with mixture compositions comprising (2R)-2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide (F-8)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores was added. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth was determined photometrically after 72 hrs.
The following mixture compositions (B:A) at the reported concentration (in ppm) gave at least 80% disease control in this test:
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores was added. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth was determined photometrically after 72 hrs.
The following mixture compositions (B:A) at the reported concentration (in ppm) gave at least 80% disease control in this test:
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores was added. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth was determined photometrically after 72 hrs at 620 nm
The following mixture compositions (B:A) at the reported concentration (in ppm) gave at least 80% disease control in this test:
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). A DMSO solution of the test compounds was placed into a microtiter plate (96-well format) and the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores was added to it. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth was determined photometrically after 72 hrs.
The following mixture compositions (B:A) at the reported concentration (in ppm) gave at least 80% disease control in this test:
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). A DMSO solution of the test compounds was placed into a microtiter plate (96-well format) and the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores was added to it. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth was determined photometrically after 48 hrs.
The following mixture compositions (B:A) at the reported concentration (in ppm) gave at least 80% disease control in this test:
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage were directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). A DMSO solution of the test compounds was placed into a microtiter plate (96-well format) and the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores was added to it. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth was determined photometrically after 7 days at 620 nm.
The following mixture compositions (B:A) at the reported concentration (in ppm) gave at least 80% disease control in this test:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18197024.5 | Sep 2018 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2019/075648 | 9/24/2019 | WO | 00 |
