Patent Grant
8637534
The present invention relates to novel active compound combinations which consist of the known 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazole-3-thione and further known fungicidally active compounds, and which are highly suitable for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
It is already known that 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazole-3-thione has fungicidal properties (cf. WO 96-16 048). The activity of this compound is good, however, at low application rates it is in some cases not satisfactory.
Furthermore, it is already known that a large number of triazole derivatives, aniline derivatives, dicarboximides and other heterocycles can be employed for controlling fungi (cf. EP-A 0 040 345, DE-A 2 201 063, DE-A 2 324 0 10, Pesticide Manual, 9th Edition (1991), pages 249 and 827, U.S. Pat. No. 3,903,090 and EP-A 0 206 999). Likewise, the activity of these compounds is not always satisfactory at loss application rates.
Finally, it is also known that 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidineimine can be used for controlling animal pests such as insects (cf. Pesticide Manual, 9th Edition (1991), page 491). However, fungicidal properties have not hitherto been described for this compound.
It has now been found that the novel active compound combinations comprising 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazole-3-thione of the formula
Surprisingly, the fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is considerably higher than the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds. Thus, an unforeseeable, true synergistic effect is present, and not just an addition of activities.
The 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazole-3-thione of the formula (I) is known (cf. WO 96-16 048). The compound can be present in the “thiono” form of the formula
For simplicity's sake, only the “thiono” form is given in each case.
The formula (II) includes the compounds
The formula (IV) includes the aniline derivatives of the formulae
It is evident from the formula for the active compound of the formula (V) that the compound has three asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms. The product may therefore be present as a mixture of various isomers, or else in the form of a single component. Particular preference is given to the compounds
N—(R)-[1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-(1S)-2,2-dichloro-1-ethyl-3t-methyl-1r-cyclopropanecarboxamide of the formula
The formula (VII) includes the compounds
The formula (XVI) includes the compounds
The formula (XXI) includes the compounds
The guanidine derivative of the formula (XXV) is a mixture of substances of the common name guazatine.
The components which are present in the active compound combinations according to the invention in addition to the active compound of the formula (I) are also known. Specifically, the active compounds are described in the following publications:
(1) Compounds of the formula (II)
In addition to the active compound of the formula (I), the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise at least one active compound of the compounds of groups (1) to (24). Additionally, they may comprise further fungicidally active components.
The synergistic effect is particularly pronounced when the active compounds in the active compound combinations according to the invention are present in certain weight ratios. However, the weight ratios of the active compounds in the active compound combinations can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general,
0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, of active compound of group (1),
0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, of active compound of group (2),
0.2 to 150 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight, of active compound of group (3),
0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, of active compound of group (4),
1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (5),
1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (6),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, of active compound of group (7),
0.2 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (8),
0.02 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, of active compound of group (9),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (10),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (11),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (12),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (13),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, of active compound of group (14),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (15),
0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (16),
1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight, of active compound of group (17),
1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (18),
1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, of active compound of group (19),
0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, of active compound of group (20),
0.05 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, of active compound of group (21),
0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, of active compound of group (22),
0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, of active compound of group (23),
and/or
0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, of active compound of group (24)
are present per part by weight of active compound of the formula (I).
The active compound combinations according to the invention have very good fungicidal properties and can be employed for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, etc.
The active compound combinations according to the invention are particularly suitable for controlling cereal diseases, such as Erysiphe, Puccinia and Fusarium, and for controlling diseases encountered in viticulture, such as Uncinula, Plasmopara and Botrytis, and furthermore in dicotyledonous crops for controlling powdery and downy mildew fungi and causative organisms of leaf spot.
The fact that the active compound combinations are well tolerated by plants at the concentrations required for controlling plant diseases permits the treatment of above-ground parts of plants, of propagation stock and seeds, and of the soil. The active compound combinations according to the invention can be employed for foliar application or else as seed dressings.
The active compound combinations according to the invention can be converted to the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating compositions for seeds, and ULV formulations.
These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds or active compound combinations with extenders, that is liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure, and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers. If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents include: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, or else water. Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are to be understood as meaning liquids which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates. Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, or else synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl-sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, or else protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are: for example lignin-sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations. Other additives can be mineral and vegetable oils.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and prussian blue, and organic dyestuffs such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95% by weight of active compounds, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
In the formulations, the active compound combinations according to the invention can be present as a mixture with other known active compounds such as fungicides, insecticides, acaricides and herbicides, and as mixtures with fertilizers or plant growth regulators.
The active compound combinations can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or as the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders and granules. They are used in the customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, scattering, spreading, and as a powder for dry seed treatment, a solution for seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for slurry treatment, or by encrusting.
When using the active compound combinations according to the invention, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. In the treatment of parts of plants, the application rates of the active compound combination are generally between 0.1 and 10,000 g/ha, preferably between 10 and 1000 g/ha. In the treatment of seeds, the application rates of the active compound combination are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 10 g per kilogram of seed. In the treatment of the soil, the application rates of the active compound combination are generally between 0.1 and 10,000 g/ha, preferably between 1 and 5000 g/ha.
The good fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is evident from the examples below. While the individual active compounds exhibit weaknesses with regard to the fungicidal activity, the combinations have an activity which exceeds a simple addition of activities.
A synergistic effect of fungicides is always present when the fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the activities of the active compounds when applied individually.
The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S. R., “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations”, Weeds 15, (1967), 20-22).
If
X is the efficacy when applying active compound A at an application rate of m g/ha,
Y is the efficacy when applying active compound B at an application rate of n g/ha
and
E is the efficacy when applying the active compounds A and B at an application rate of m and n g/ha,
then
The efficacy is calculated in %. 0% is an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
If the actual fungicidal activity exceeds the calculated value, then the activity of the combination is superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect exists. In this case, the efficacy which was actually observed must be greater than the value for the expected efficacy (E) calculated from the abovementioned formula.
The examples that follow illustrate the invention.
Sphaerotheca Test (cucumber)/protective
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at about 23° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 70%.
Evaluation is carried out 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Sphaerotheca test (cucumber)/protective
Venturia Test (Apple)/Protective
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous konidia suspension of the causative organism of apple scab Venturia inaequalis and then remain in an incubation cabin at about 20° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity for one day.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at about 21° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 90%.
Evaluation is carried out 12 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Venturia test (apple)/protective
Erysiphe Test (Barley)/Curative
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for curative activity, young plants are dusted with spores of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. 48 hours after the inoculation, the plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate.
The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Erysiphe test (barley)/curative
Erysiphe Test (Barley)/Protective
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration,
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate.
After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are dusted with spores of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei.
The plants are placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below
Erysiphe test (barley)/curative
Erysiphe Test (Wheat)/Curative
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for curative activity, young plants are dusted with spores of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici. 48 hours after the inoculation, the plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Erysiphe test (wheat)/curative
Erysiphe Test (Wheat)/Protective
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate.
After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are dusted with spores of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Erysiphe test (wheat)/protective
Leptosphaeria nodosum Test (Wheat)/Protective
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate.
After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Leptosphaeria nodorum. The plants remain in an incubation cabin at 20° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 15° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 80%.
Evaluation is carried out 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below
Leptosphaeria nodorum test (wheat)/protective
Puccinia Test (Wheat)/Protective
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration, or a commercial formulation of active compound or active compound combination is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are inoculated with a spore suspension of Puccinia recondite in a 0.1% strength aqueous agar solution. After the spray coating had dried on, the plants are sprayed with the active compound preparation at the stated application rate.
The plants remain in an incubation cabin at 20° C. and 100% relative atmospheric humidity for 24 hours.
The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 20° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 80% to promote the development of rust pustules.
Evaluation is carried out 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Puccinia test (wheat)/protective
Fusarium culmorum Test (Wheat)/Seed Treatment
The active compounds are applied as a dry seed dressing. This is prepared by extending the respective active compound or the active compound combination with ground minerals to give a finely pulverulent mixture which ensures uniform distribution on the seed surface.
To dress the seed, the infected seed together with the seed dressing is shaken for 3 minutes in a sealed glass flask.
2×100 corns of wheat are sown at a depth of 1 cm in standard soil and cultivated in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 18° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 95% in seed trays which receive a light regimen of 15 hours per day.
About 3 weeks after sowing, the plants are evaluated for symptoms. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below.
Fusarium culmorum test (wheat)/seed treatment
Fusarium nivale Test (Triticale)/Seed Treatment
The active compounds are applied as a dry seed dressing. This is prepared by extending the respective active compound or the active compound combination with ground minerals to give a finely pulverulent mixture which ensures uniform distribution on the seed surface.
To dress the seed, the infected seed together with the seed dressing is shaken for 3 minutes in a sealed glass flask.
2×100 corns of wheat are sown at a depth of 1 cm in standard soil and cultivated in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 10° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 95% in seed trays which receive a light regimen of 15 hours per day.
About 3 weeks after sowing, the plants are evaluated for symptoms. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below
Fusarium nivale test (triticale)/seed treatment
Rhizoctonia solani Test (Cotton)/Seed Treatment
The active compounds are applied as a dry seed dressing. This is prepared by extending the respective active compound or the active compound combination with ground minerals to give a finely pulverulent mixture which ensures uniform distribution on the seed surface.
To dress the seed, the infected seed together with the seed dressing is shaken for 3 minutes in a sealed glass flask.
2×50 corns of seed are sown at a depth of 2 cm in standard soil infected with Rhizoctonia solani, and the seeds are cultivated in a greenhouse at a temperature of about 22° C. in seed trays which receive a light regimen of 15 hours per day.
Evaluation is carried out after 8 days. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below
Rhizoctonia solani test (cotton)/seed treatment
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 197 16 257 | Apr 1997 | DE | national |
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/843,396, filed Apr. 26, 2001 which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/402,866, filed Oct. 13, 1999, which is the national stage of International Application No. PCT/EP98/01986, filed Apr. 6, 1998, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. 197 16 257, filed Apr. 18, 1997.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3903090 | Fujinami et al. | Sep 1975 | A |
| 3912752 | Meiser et al. | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3952002 | Kramer et al. | Apr 1976 | A |
| 4048318 | Meiser et al. | Sep 1977 | A |
| 4127673 | Yamada et al. | Nov 1978 | A |
| 4147791 | Meiser et al. | Apr 1979 | A |
| 4532341 | Holmwood et al. | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4626595 | Holmwood et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4705800 | Nyfeler et al. | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4723984 | Holmwood et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4780551 | Nyfeler et al. | Oct 1988 | A |
| 4789672 | Holmwood et al. | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4871390 | Holmwood et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4904298 | Holmwood et al. | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4910200 | Curtze et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4911746 | Holmwood et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4925840 | Nyfeler et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 4931560 | Hubele | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4931581 | Schurter et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4988734 | Kraatz et al. | Jan 1991 | A |
| 4992438 | Ito et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5059623 | Kruger et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5112849 | Staub et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5153200 | Hubele | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5190928 | Schurter et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5304572 | Michelotti et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5334607 | Sauter et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5453531 | Seitz et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5523311 | Schurter et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5599828 | Zeun et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5789430 | Jautelat et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5859039 | Jautelat et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5998455 | Knauf-Beiter et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6297236 | Stenzel et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6306850 | Dutzmann et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6355634 | Isenring et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6407100 | Isenring et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6602823 | Röchling et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6620822 | Dutzmann et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6624183 | Wachendorff-Neumann et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 7655599 | Rochling et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 20020173529 | Dutzmann et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20050101639 | Ammermann et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050165076 | Ammermann et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20060004070 | Wachendorff-Neumann et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060014738 | Wachendorff-Neumann et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060035942 | Wachendorff-Neumann et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20070037799 | Dahmen et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070054804 | Suty-Heinze | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060579 | Wachendorff-Neumann et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070293550 | Rochling et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070298966 | Fischer et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080139389 | Kneen et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269051 | Suty-Heinze et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269263 | Dahmen et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20090069178 | Suty-Heinze et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090170918 | Wolf | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090286681 | Dahmen et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306109 | Dutzmann et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20110033433 | Davies et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110034496 | Häuser-Hahn et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110064827 | Seitz et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 19602095 | Jul 1997 | DE |
| 2 262 037 | Jun 1993 | GB |
| WO 9616948 | Jun 1996 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Pigments Manual, 9th edition, (month unavailable) 1991, pp. 206, 207, 249, 431, 432, 461, 462, 491, 529, 530, 531, 532, 554, 555, 654, 726, 827, 866 and 867. |
| Bauer, T.A., et al., “Response of Selected Weed Species to Postemergence Imazethapyr and Bentazon,” Weed Tech. 9:236-242, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1995). |
| Blackshaw, R.E., “HOE-39866 Use in Chemical Fallow Systems,” Weed Tech. 3:420-428, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1989). |
| Blackshaw, R.E., “Synergistic Mixes of DPX-A7881 and Clopyralid in Canola (Brassica napus),” Weed Tech. 3:690-695, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1989). |
| Blackshaw, R.E., et al., “Herbicide Combinations for Postemergent Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius),” Weed Tech. 4:97-104, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1990). |
| Blouin, D.C., et al., “Analysis of Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Herbicides Using Nonlinear Mixed-Model Methodology,” Weed Tech. 18:464-472, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2004). |
| Bradley, P.R., et al., “Response of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to Atrazine, Ammonium Sulfate, and Glyphosate,” Weed Tech. 14:15-18, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2000). |
| Buker, III, R.S., et al., “Confirmation and Control of a Paraquat-Tolerant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotype,” Weed Tech. 16:309-313, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2002). |
| Burke, I.C., et al., “CGA-362622 Antagonizes Annual Grass Control with Clethodim,” Weed Tech. 16:749-754, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2002). |
| Flint, J.L., et al., “Analyzing Herbicide Interactions, A Statistical Treatment of Colby's Method,” Weed Tech. 2:304-309, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1988). |
| Gillespie, G.R., and Nalewaja, J.D., “Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Response to Triallate Plus Chlorsulfuron,” Weed Tech. 3:20-23, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1989). |
| Green, J.M., et al., “Metribuzin and Chlorimuron Mixtures for Preemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybeans, Glycine max,” Weed Tech. 2:355-363, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1988). |
| Harker, N.K., and O'Sullivan, P.A., “Synergistic Mixtures of Sethoxydim and Fluazifop on Annual Grass Weeds,” Weed Tech. 5:310-316, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1991). |
| Kent, L.M., et al., “Effect of Ammonium Sulfate, Imazapyr, and Environment on the Phytotoxicity of Imazethapyr,” Weed Tech. 5:202-205, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1991). |
| Kotoula-Syka, E., et al., “Interactions between SAN 582H and Selected Safeners on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Corn (Zea mays),” Weed Tech. 10:299-304, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1996). |
| Lanclos, D.Y., et al., “Glufosinate Tank-Mix Combinations in Glufosinate-Resistant Rice (Otyza sativa),” Weed Tech. 16:659-663, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2002). |
| Norris, J.L., et al., “Weed Control from Herbicide Combinations with Three Formulations of Glyphosate,” Weed Tech. 15:552-558, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2001). |
| Novosel, K.M., et al., “Metolachlor Efficacy as Influenced by Three Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides,” Weed Tech. 12:248-253, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1998). |
| Palmer, E.W., et al., “Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with CGA-277476 and Four Postemergence Herbicides,” Weed Tech. 14:617-623, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2000). |
| Salzman, F.P., and Renner, K.A., “Response of Soybean Combinations of Clomazone, Metribuzin, Linuron, Alachlor, and Atrazine,” Weed Tech. 6:922-929, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1992). |
| Scott, R.C., et al., “Spray Adjuvant, Formulation, and Environmental Effects of Synergism from Post-Applied Tank Mixtures of SAN 582H with Fluazifop-P, Imazethapyr, and Sethoxydim,” Weed Tech. 12:463-469, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1998). |
| Shaw, D.R. and Arnold, J.C., “Weed Control from Herbicide Combinations with Glyphosate,” Weed Tech. 16:1-6, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2002). |
| Snipes, C.E., and Allen, R.L., “Interaction of Graminicides Applied in Combination with Pyrithiobac,” Weed Tech. 10:889-892, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1996). |
| Wehtje, G. and Walker, R.H., “Interaction of Glyphosate and 2,4-DB for the Control of Selected Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) Species,” Weed Tech. 11:152-156, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1997). |
| Zhang, W., et al., “Fenoxaprop Interactions for Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Control in Rice,” Weed Tech. 19:293-297, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (2005). |
| Colby, S.R., “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide Combinations,” Weeds 15:20-22, Weed Science Society of America, United States (1967). |
| Rummens, F.H.A., “An Improved Definition of Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects,” Weed Science 23(1):4-6, The Weed Science Society of America, United States (1975). |
| Prosecution History of European Patent Appl. No. 03735610.2 (European Counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 10/518,742), Jul. 13, 2006—Sep. 25, 2009. |
| Partial English language translation of Prosecution History of European Patent Appl. No. 03735610.2, Jul. 13, 2006—Sep. 25, 2009. |
| Opposition Proceeding in European Patent No. EP-B-1482798, Mar. 5, 2007—Nov. 9, 2009. |
| Partial English language translation of Opposition Proceeding in European Patent No. EP-B-1482798, Feb. 26, 2007—Nov. 9, 2009. |
| Tomlin, C., ed, The Pesticide Manual, 1242-1245, British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK (1997). |
| “Metominostrobin data sheet,” Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, accessed at http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/metominostrobin.html, accessed on Apr. 8, 2009, 1 page. |
| “Azoxystrobin data sheet,” Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, accessed at http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/azoxystrobin.html, accessed on Apr. 8, 2009, 1 page. |
| “Kresoxim-methyl data sheet,” Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, accessed at http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/kresoxim-methyl.html, accessed on Apr. 8, 2009, 1 page. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090306109 A1 | Dec 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09843396 | Apr 2001 | US |
| Child | 12481947 | US | |
| Parent | 09402866 | US | |
| Child | 09843396 | US |
