Patent Application
20210251872
The present disclosure relates to a conjugate including a cell-penetrating peptide, and a composition including, as an active ingredient, either the conjugate or a cell-penetrating peptide and epidermal growth factor.
Skin is a tissue that is constantly in contact with the external environment. It functions as a protective barrier that prevents leakage of body fluid, infection and water loss. Especially, the stratum corneum of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin, prevents skin dryness by suppressing loss of water and electrolytes out of the skin and provides an environment for normal biochemical metabolism of the skin. In addition, it protects the human body from external physical damage and chemicals and plays an important role in preventing bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. from invading the skin. However, with age, skin cells are damaged due to various pollutants, strong ultraviolet rays, stress, and subnutrition, and the cells do not properly proliferate, resulting in skin wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, and keratinization of the skin.
Accordingly, the development of high-functional cosmetics that combines new technologies with cosmetic materials has been continuously made. In addition, with an increase in the number of consumers demanding specific effects such as whitening, wrinkle reduction, and skin regeneration, the value of functional cosmetics in the cosmetics industry has further increased, and studies have been focused to apply various materials to cosmetics.
Although it is known that low-molecular-weight synthetic compounds or natural compounds having a molecular weight of 500 Da or smaller, which are commonly used as cosmetic raw materials, are easily delivered into cells, the penetration efficiency of the low-molecular-weight substances is low due to the intrinsic properties of the stratum corneum constituting the skin barrier. It is more difficult for macromolecules with a molecular weight of 500 Da or larger, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids, to penetrate the cell membrane consisting of a lipid bilayer structure, due to their large molecular weight. As a method for improving the efficiency with which these low-molecular-weight substances and macromolecules pass through the plasma membrane of cells, transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has recently attracted a lot of attention. However, the biggest obstacles to the transdermal drug delivery are keratinocytes in the stratum corneum and intercorneocyte lipids. Most molecules exhibiting physiological activity in the skin (hereinafter, referred to as skin physiologically active molecules) have low transdermal permeability due to the resistance of the stratum corneum of the skin to these molecules.
A variety of methods capable of increasing the transdermal permeability of these skin physiologically active molecules have been studied. In recent years, delivery systems using cell-penetrating peptides have attracted a lot of attention. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are cell membrane-penetrating peptides, each consisting of a short peptide of about 10 to 60 amino acids, and are mostly derived from protein-transduction domains or membrane-translocating sequences. It is known that, unlike general intracellular transduction pathways of foreign substances, CPPs can move into cells without damaging the cell membrane, and can intracellularly deliver even DNAs or proteins known to not pass through the cell membrane.
The present inventors have found that peptides derived from the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) nucleocapsid can increase the cell-permeability of skin physiologically active molecules, thereby completing the present disclosure.
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a conjugate including a cell-penetrating peptide conjugated to botulinum toxin, epidermal growth factor or hexapeptide, which is a skin physiologically active molecule.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a cosmetic composition and a pharmaceutical composition for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing, which include, as an active ingredient, either the conjugate or a mixture of epidermal growth factor, which is a skin physiologically active molecule, and a cell-penetrating peptide, a treatment method, and the use thereof.
One aspect of the present disclosure provides a conjugate including: a skin physiologically active molecule; and a cell-penetrating peptide including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3, wherein the skin physiologically active molecule is a polypeptide set forth in any one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding the conjugate.
Still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a recombinant vector including the polynucleotide.
Yet another aspect of the present disclosure provides a host cell including the recombinant vector.
Still yet another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for producing a conjugate, the method including steps of: (a) culturing the host cell in a culture medium; and (b) recovering the conjugate from the culture medium.
A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a cosmetic composition for skin condition improvement including, as an active ingredient, either the conjugate or a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the cosmetic composition may be a formulation selected from the group consisting of emulsion, cream, essence, skin lotion, liposomes, microcapsules, composite particles, shampoo, and rinse.
Another further aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing, the pharmaceutical composition including, as an active ingredient, either the conjugate or a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
Still another further aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing, the method including a step of administering the composition to a subject.
Yet another further aspect of the present disclosure provides the use of either the conjugate or a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, in the manufacture of a medicament for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing.
A conjugate including a botulinum toxin, epidermal growth factor or hexapeptide conjugated to a skin tissue- and cell-penetrating peptide and, or a mixture of a cell-penetrating peptide and epidermal growth factor, has an increased ability to penetrate skin tissue and cells, compared to proteins alone, and thus may be useful for skin condition improvement and skin wound healing.
To achieve the above objects, one aspect of the present disclosure provides a conjugate including:
a skin physiologically active molecule; and
a cell-penetrating peptide including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3,
wherein the skin physiologically active molecule is a polypeptide set forth in any one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6.
As used herein, the term “cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)” refers to a cell membrane-penetrating peptide consisting of a short peptide of about 10 to about 60 amino acids, which can move into a cell without damaging the cell membrane and can intracellularly deliver even a DNA or protein that cannot pass through the cell membrane.
As used herein, the term “conjugate” refers to a substance in which a cell-penetrating peptide and a biologically or pharmaceutically active substance are linked together by a chemical/physical covalent or non-covalent bond.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the expression “biologically or pharmaceutically active substance” capable of forming the conjugate by binding to the cell-penetrating peptide means a substance that can regulate physiological phenomena in vivo. The expression includes DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, chemical compounds, or fluorescent labels.
For example, as the protein, there may be used botulinum toxin (SEQ ID NO: 4), epidermal growth factor (SEQ ID NO: 5) or hexapeptide (SEQ ID NO: 6), which is a skin physiologically active molecule.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the conjugate may include the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 12.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding the conjugate.
As used herein, the term “polynucleotide” refers to a polymer of deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide that exists in a single-stranded or double-stranded form. The term includes RNA genome sequences, DNAs (gDNA and cDNA), and RNA sequences transcribed therefrom, and includes analogues of natural polynucleotide, unless otherwise indicated.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the polynucleotide includes not only a nucleotide sequence encoding the conjugate, but also a sequence complementary thereto. The complementary sequences include not only completely complementary sequences, but also substantially complementary sequences. In addition, the polynucleotide sequence may be modified, and such modifications include addition, deletion or non-conservative substitution or conservative substitution of nucleotides.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the polynucleotide encoding the conjugate may include a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 19 to 24.
Still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a recombinant vector including the polynucleotide sequence encoding the conjugate.
As used herein, the term “vector” refers to a means for expressing a target gene in a host cell. Examples of the vector include, but are not limited to, plasmid vectors, cosmid vectors, and viral vectors such as bacteriophage vectors, adenoviral vectors, retroviral vectors and adeno-associated viral vectors. Vectors that may be used as the recombinant vector may be constructed by engineering plasmids (e.g., pSC101, pGV1106, pACYC177, ColEl, pKT230, pME290, pBR322, pUC8/9, pUC6, pBD9, pHC79, pIJ61, pLAFR1, pHV14, pGEX series, pET series, and pUC19, etc.), phages (e.g., λgt4λB, λ-Charon, λΔz1, and M13, etc.), or viruses (e.g., CMV, SV40, etc.), which are commonly used in the art.
The recombinant vector may include the polynucleotide sequence and a promoter operatively linked to the polynucleotide sequence.
As used herein, the term “operatively linked” refers to a functional linkage between a nucleotide expression control sequence (e.g., a promoter sequence) and another nucleotide sequence, whereby the control sequence controls the transcription and/or translation of the other nucleotide sequence.
Recombinant vectors that may be used in the present disclosure may be constructed by engineering plasmids (e.g., pSC101, ColEl, pBR322, pUC8/9, pHC79, pUC19, pET, etc.), phages (e.g., λgt4λB, λ-Charon, λΔz1 and M13, etc.), or viruses (e.g., SV40, etc.), which are commonly used in the art.
The recombinant vector may include a tag sequence facilitating purification of the conjugate of the cell-penetrating peptide and a skin physiologically active molecule, for example, a continuous histidine codon, a maltose-binding protein codon, a Myc codon, etc. and may further include a fusion partner for increasing the solubility of the conjugate. In addition, the recombinant vector may include a sequence that is specifically cleaved by an enzyme in order to remove an unnecessary portion when the conjugate is expressed, an expression control sequence, and a marker or reporter gene sequence for identifying intracellular delivery.
Yet another aspect of the present disclosure provides a host cell including the recombinant vector, that is, a cell transformed with the recombinant vector.
A host cell that is capable of stably and consecutively cloning or expressing the recombinant vector may be any host cell known in the art. Prokaryotic cells include, for example, E. coli JM109, E. coli BL21, E. coli RR1, E. coli LE392, E. coli B, E. coli X 1776, and E. coli W3110. When the recombinant vector is transformed into eukaryotic cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, insect cells, plant cells and animal cells, for example, SP2/0, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) Kl, CHO DG44, PER.C6, W138, BHK, COS-7, 293, HepG2, Huh7, 3T3, RIN and MDCK cell lines, may be used as host cells.
The polynucleotide or the recombinant vector containing the same may be transferred into the host cell using a transfer method well-known in the art. As the transfer method, for example, when the host cell is a prokaryotic cell, a CaCl2 method or an electroporation method may be used, and when the host cell is a eukaryotic cell, a microinjection method, a calcium phosphate precipitation method, an electroporation method, a liposome-mediated transfection method or a gene bombardment method may be used, but the transfer method is not limited thereto.
A method of selecting the transformed host cell may be easily carried out using a phenotype expressed by a selection marker according to a method known in the art. For example, when the selection marker is a specific antibiotic resistance gene, the transformant may be easily selected by culturing the transformant in a medium containing the antibiotic.
Still yet another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for producing a conjugate, the method including steps of: culturing the host cell in a culture medium; and recovering the conjugate from the culture medium.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the culture of the cell may be large-scale cell culture, and the culture of the cell may be performed using a cell culture method which is commonly used. For example, the cell culture method may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of batch culture, repeated batch culture, fed-batch culture, repeated fed-batch culture, continuous culture, and perfusion culture, but is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of recovering the conjugate from the culture medium may be performed using various separation and purification methods known in the art. Generally, the cell lysate may be centrifuged to remove cell debris, culture impurities, etc., and then precipitation, for example, salting out (ammonium sulfate precipitation and sodium phosphate precipitation), solvent precipitation (protein fraction precipitation using acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.) or the like, may be performed, and dialysis, electrophoresis, and various column chromatographies may be performed.
A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a cosmetic composition for skin condition improvement including, as an active ingredient, either the conjugate, or a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the skin condition improvement may include wrinkle reduction, skin regeneration, skin elasticity improvement, and skin anti-aging.
Epidermal growth factor (SEQ ID NO: 5) and a cell-penetrating peptide, for example, a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: (ACP) or SEQ ID NO: 2 (ACP2) have excellent skin-penetrating activity even when they are used in the form of a mixture rather than a conjugate, and thus these may be used as a cosmetic composition in the form of a mixture rather than a conjugate.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the cosmetic composition may be prepared as a formulation selected from the group consisting of emulsion, cream, essence, skin lotion, liposomes, microcapsules, composite particles, shampoo, and rinse. In addition, the conjugate, or the cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 and the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 can penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin, and thus the cosmetic composition is most preferably transdermal.
The cosmetic composition may further include an antimicrobial agent, a moisturizing or hydration agent, a preservative, an emulsifier, a natural oil or synthetic oil, a solvent, a surfactant, a detergent, a gelling agent, an emollient, an antioxidant, fragrance, a filler, a thickener, wax, an odor absorber, a dyestuff, a colorant, powder, a viscosity-controlling agent and water, in addition to the conjugate, or the cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 and the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. Optionally, the cosmetic composition may include a botanical extract, a conditioning agent, a darkening or lightening agent, a glitter, a humectant, minerals, polyphenol, silicone or its derivative, a sunblock, vitamins, and phytomedicinal products.
Another further aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing, the pharmaceutical composition including, as an active ingredient, either the conjugate, or a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
As used herein, the term “skin wound” refers to a condition in which skin tissue is damaged by a physical cause or the like, and includes defects of epidermal, dermal or subcutaneous tissue. Treatment of skin wounds means restoring the skin to its pre-injury state, and includes reducing and alleviating skin wounds and ameliorating the symptoms of skin wounds.
Epidermal growth factor (SEQ ID NO: 5) and a cell-penetrating peptide, for example, a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: (ACP) or SEQ ID NO: 2 (ACP2), have excellent skin-penetrating activity even when they are used in the form of a mixture rather than a conjugate, and thus these may be used as a pharmaceutical composition for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing in the form of a mixture rather than a conjugate.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, if necessary, in addition to the conjugate; or the cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
These pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starch, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginate, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, methyl cellulose, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, and the like. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may further include additives such as a lubricant, a wetting agent, a sweetener, a flavoring agent, an emulsifying agent, a suspending agent, a preservative, etc.
The carrier may be included in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 99.99 wt %, preferably about 90 wt % to about 99.99 wt %, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, and the additives may be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
Meanwhile, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may be administered orally or parenterally, but may be administered directly to the skin by a topical administration method.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient and prepared in a unit dose form or contained in a multi-dose container. In this regard, the formulation may be in the form of a solution, a suspension or an emulsion, or may include elixir, extract, powder, granule, tablet, plaster, liniment, lotions, ointment, etc.
The daily dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may generally be in the range of 0.001 to 150 mg/kg of body weight, and may be administered once or several times. However, the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure is determined in view of various related factors such as the route of administration, the patient's age, sex and body weight, and the severity of the patient, and thus the dose should not be understood to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
Still another further aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing, the method comprising a step of administering the composition to a subject.
The subject refers to an animal, and may typically be a mammal capable of exhibiting a beneficial effect by treatment with the conjugate or polypeptide of the present disclosure. Preferred examples of such subjects may include primates such as humans. In addition, such subjects may include all subjects who have symptoms of wrinkles, muscle stiffness or skin wounds or are at risk of having such symptoms.
Yet another further aspect of the present disclosure provides the use of either the conjugate, or a cell-penetrating peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, in the manufacture of a medicament for wrinkle reduction, muscle stiffness relief or skin wound healing.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to one or more examples. However, these examples are to illustrate the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.
As a cell-penetrating peptide, each of ACP (advanced cell penetrating peptide; SEQ ID NO: 1), ACP2 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and ACP1 (SEQ ID NO: 3) was used.
1-1. Construction of Recombinant Vector for Expressing ACP-BTLC
In order to add restriction enzyme recognition sequences so that the restriction enzyme NcoI (New England Biolabs, NEB; USA) could act on the N-terminus of the ACP gene sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13) and HindIII could act on the C-terminus thereof, polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter, referred to as PCR) was performed using primers including the restriction enzyme recognition sequences. Tables 1 and 2 below show the primer sequences and PCR conditions used in the PCR.
Thereafter, a pET28a vector (Novagen, USA) was cleaved with NcoI and HindIII restriction enzymes at 37° C. for 2 hours, and the vector fragment was isolated using a PCR purification kit (Qiagen, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The isolated pET28a vector fragment and the PCR product of 1-1 were ligated together, and then the recombinant vector was isolated using the PCR purification kit. The recombinant vector having the ACP gene inserted therein was named pET28a ACP. The ligation reaction conditions for constructing the pET28a ACP vector are shown in Table 3 below.
Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, restriction enzyme recognition sequences were added so that HindIII could act on the N-terminus of botulinum toxin (hereinafter, referred to as BTLC) gene (SEQ ID NO: 16) and XhoI could act on the C-terminus thereof. Table 4 below shows the primer sequences used for amplification of the BTLC gene.
A pET28a ACP vector was cleaved with HindIII and XhoI restriction enzymes, and then the vector fragment was isolated using a PCR purification kit. The isolated pET28a ACP vector fragment and the BTLC gene were ligated together, and then the recombinant vector was isolated using the PCR purification kit. The recombinant vector having the ACP-BTLC gene inserted therein was named pET28a ACP-BTLC. The reaction of ligation of the pET28a ACP vector fragment and the BTLC gene was performed under the same conditions as shown in Table 3 above, except that the pET28a ACP vector and the BTLC gene were used. His tag for confirming expression of the recombinant protein was linked to the C-terminus of the ACP-BTLC protein.
E. coli DH5a was transformed with the pET28a ACP-BTLC vector and shake-cultured in LB liquid medium at 37° C. until the OD value reached 0.5 to 0.6. After completion of culture, the cell culture was centrifuged, the E. coli pellet was collected, and the pET28a ACP-BTLC vector was isolated therefrom using a plasmid extraction miniprep kit (Intron, Korea). The concentration of the isolated pET28a ACP-BTLC vector was measured by a UV spectrophotometric method.
1-2. Construction of Recombinant Vectors for Expressing ACP2-BTLC, ACP1-BTLC and BTLC-ACP
Recombinant vectors for expressing a conjugate of ACP2 or ACP1 and BTLC, and a conjugate (BTLC-ACP) in which ACP is conjugated to the C-terminus of BTLC, were constructed.
In order to add restriction enzyme recognition sequences so that NdeI could act on the N-terminus of a polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 14 or 15) encoding ACP2 or ACP1, HindIII could act on the C-terminus thereof, HindIII could act on the N-terminus of the ACP1 gene and XhoI could act on the C-terminus of the ACP1 gene, PCR was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2. The primer sequences used in the PCR are shown in Table 5 below.
Thereafter, a pET28a vector was cleaved with NdeI and HindIII or HindIII and XhoI, and the vector fragment was isolated. Under the conditions shown in Table 3, the isolated pET28a vector fragment and each of the ACP2, ACP1 and ACP genes, to which the restriction enzyme recognition sequences were added, were ligated together. Then, the recombinant vectors were isolated using a PCR purification kit. The recombinant vectors having ACP2, ACP1 and ACP genes inserted therein were named pET28a ACP2, pET28a ACP1, and pET28a ACP (C-terminus), respectively.
Next, PCR was performed under the same conditions shown in Table 2, in order to add restriction enzyme recognition sequences so that HindIII could act on the N-terminus of the BTLC gene and XhoI could act on the C-terminus thereof, or NcoI could act on the N-terminus thereof and HindIII could act on the C-terminus thereof. In the PCR, the primers shown in Table 4 above and Table 6 below were used.
The pET28a ACP2 and pET28a ACP1 vectors were cleaved with HindIII and XhoI, and the pET28a ACP1 (C-terminus) vector was cleaved with NcoI and HindIII. The vector fragments were isolated. Each of the isolated pET28a ACP2, pET28a ACP1 and pET28a ACP (C-terminus) vector fragments and the BTLC gene were ligated together, and the recombinant vectors were isolated using a PCR purification kit. The recombinant vectors having ACP2-BTLC, ACP1-BTLC and BTLC-ACP genes inserted therein were named pET28a ACP2-BTLC, pET28a ACP1-BTLC, and pET28a BTLC-ACP, respectively. The reaction for ligation of each of the pET28a ACP2, pET28a ACP1 and pET28a ACP (C-terminus) vector fragments and the BTLC gene was performed in the same conditions as shown in Table 3 above, except the vectors and the BTLC gene. His tag for confirming expression of the recombinant protein was linked to the N-terminus of each protein to be expressed.
1-3. Recombinant Vector for Expressing BTLC
PCR was performed under the same conditions as shown in Table 2 above, in order to add restriction enzyme recognition sequences so that NcoI could act on the N-terminus of the BTLC gene and XhoI could act on the C-terminus thereof. In the PCR, the primer of SEQ ID NO: 34 shown in Table 6 and the primer shown in Table 7 below were used.
A pET28a vector was cleaved with NcoI and XhoI restriction enzymes, and then the vector fragment was isolated. Under the conditions shown in Table 3, the pET28a vector fragment and the BTLC gene were ligated together. The recombinant vector was isolated using a PCR purification kit, and the recombinant vector having the BTLC gene inserted therein was named pET28a BTLC.
1-4. Analysis of Expression of Cell Penetrating Peptide-Botulinum Toxin Conjugate
BL21(DE3) (Thermo Fisher, USA) was transformed with each of the pET28a ACP-BTLC, pET28a ACP2-BTLC, pET28a ACP1-BTLC, pET28a BTLC-ACP and pET28a BTLC vectors, and then plated on an LB (Luria-Bertani) plate, followed by culture at 37° C. for 12 hours. After 12 hours, the formed colony was inoculated into LB liquid medium and further pre-cultured at 37° C. After about 12 hours, 250 μl of the cell pre-culture that reached an OD value of 0.5 to 0.6 was inoculated into 250 ml of LB liquid medium, and cultured at 37° C. for 3 hours to 4 hours until the OD value reached 0.6 to 0.8. When the OD value of the cell culture reached 0.6 to 0.8, 0.25 mM of IPTG (isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside) was added to the cell culture which was then cultured at 16° C. for 18 hours. After 18 hours, the cell culture was centrifuged, and the BL21 pellet was collected. The collected pellet was suspended in a lysis buffer (20 mM Tris, 300 mM NaCl, 5 mM imidazole and pH 8.0), and then the E. coli cells were lysed by sonication at an amplitude of 35%.
The E. coli cell lysate was centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was filled into a tube through a 0.45 μm filter. The supernatant filled in the tube was loaded into a column packed with Ni-NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) resin so that the protein was bound to the resin. To remove foreign proteins unbound to the resin, the resin was washed by adding a washing buffer (20 mM Tris, 300 mM NaCl, 30 mM imidazole and pH 8.0) thereto. Thereafter, the protein was eluted with a gradient mobile phase using a buffer (20 mM Tris, 300 mM NaCl, 400 mM imidazole and pH 8.0) containing imidazole. To additionally remove foreign proteins and to remove imidazole, the collected protein was subjected to size exclusion chromatography. The chromatography was performed using a washing buffer (25 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, 2 mM DTT and pH 7.4). The concentration of the purified protein was measured by Bradford assay.
1-5. Construction of Recombinant Vector for Expression in Animal Cells
Each of the pET28a BTLC, pET28a ACP-BTLC, pET28a ACP1-BTLC and pET28a ACP2-BTLC vectors constructed in 1-2 above was cleaved with NcoI and XhoI, and a pTriEx vector was cleaved with the same restriction enzymes and isolated. Under the conditions shown in Table 3 above, the two fragments were ligated together. The resulting vectors were named pTriEx BTLC, pTriEx ACP-BTLC, pTriEx ACP1-BTLC, and pTriEx ACP2-BTLC, respectively.
2-1. Analysis of Cell Penetration
HeLa cells were cultured in a DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, U87-MG and PC-12 cells were cultured in an RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. All the cells were cultured in a humidified incubator at 37° C. under 5% CO2.
Each type of the cultured cells was seeded into a 12-well plate containing glass at a density of 1×105 cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Thereafter, the cells were treated with each of the BTLC, ACP-BTLC, ACP1-BTLC and ACP2-BTLC purified in Example 1-4 above for 3 hours, and then the cells were washed three times with PBS. The washed cells were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for 20 minutes, and treated with PBS containing 0.2% Triton X-100 to increase cell membrane penetration. Next, the cells were treated and blocked with 3% BSA for 1 hour, incubated with anti-His antibody (Abcam, ab9108) at room temperature for 2 hours, and then washed three times with PBS. After washing, the cells were treated and incubated with Alexa 488 and Alexa 568 secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at room temperature for 1 hour. Next, the cells were washed twice with PBS, and then stained with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) for 10 minutes. The glass, to which the cells were attached, was detached, placed on slide glass, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM 700, Zeiss, Germany).
As a result, as shown in
In addition, as shown in
2-2. Analysis of Penetration into Mouse Skin Tissue
Gauze was placed on a 6-well plate, and 3 ml of RPMI medium was added to each well of the plate. Skin tissue having a size of 0.5 cm×0.5 cm, isolated from nude mice (Orient Bio Co., Ltd., Korea) was gently placed on the gauze, and Whatman paper was placed on the mouse skin tissue. Thereafter, the Whatman paper was treated and reacted with various concentrations of BTLC or ACP-BTLC for hours. The mouse skin tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 hour, and placed in 30% sucrose until the skin tissue was settled. The skin tissue was frozen with OCT compound (Leica, Germany) and sectioned with a cryostat microtome, thus preparing skin tissue section slides. The slides were stained with anti-His antibody and anti-BTLC antibody, stained with DAPI for 10 minutes, and then observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, as shown in
2-3. Analysis of Whether SNAP25 Protein is Cleaved
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) is one of the components of the SNARE complex, and the SNARE complex is involved in acetylcholine signaling and allows muscles to move. It is known that BTLC impairs the movement of muscles by cleaving SNAP25 after entering the nerve terminal. Thus, whether the cell penetrating peptide-botulinum toxin conjugate cleaves SNAP25 was analyzed. [00141]1 μg of SNAP25 (Novus Biologicals, USA) and various concentrations of each of BTLC, ACP-BTLC, ACP1-BTLC and ACP2-BTLC were placed in a 1.5-ml microtube, and a reaction buffer (50 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 5 mM DTT and 250 μM ZACPl2) was added thereto so that the final volume of each sample was 30 μl. Thereafter, each sample was reacted at 37° C. for 24 hours, and the reaction was terminated by addition of an SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 2% SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate), 10% glycerol, 1% β-mercaptoethanol, 12.5 mM EDTA and 0.02% bromophenol blue). Whether SNAP25 was cleaved was analyzed by Western blot analysis.
As a result, as shown in
2-4. Analysis of SNAP25 Cleavage by Transfection Assay
Whether the cell penetrating peptide-botulinum toxin conjugate cleaves SNAP25 was analyzed by transfection assay.
Specifically, PC-12 cells, cultured in the same manner as described on 2-1 above, were seeded into a 6-well plate at a density of 3×105 cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. After culture, the cells were transfected with 3 μg of each of pTriEx BTLC, pTriEx ACP-BTLC, pTriEX ACP1-BTLC and pTriEx ACP2-BTLC recombinant vector DNAs using METAFECTENE PRO reagent (Biontex, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Then, the cells were additionally cultured for 24 hours.
The cultured cells were washed with PBS, and separated from the plates by a scraper. The separated cells were lysed by adding an RIPA buffer (10 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 140 mM NaCl and 1 mM PMSF) thereto, and left to stand on ice for 20 minutes.
Thereafter, cell debris was removed by centrifugation (at 14,000 rpm for 20 min) at 4° C., and only the cell lysate supernatant was collected. The protein concentration of the collected cell lysate was measured by Quick Start™ Bradford 1× Dye Reagent (Bio-Rad, USA), and 20 μg of the protein was separated by 10% SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The separated protein was transferred to a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane, and then the PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% skim milk. The PVDF membrane was incubated with primary antibodies (anti-ACP, anti-His and anti-actin antibodies) at 4° C. for 16 hours, washed, and then incubated with secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, the protein band was detected using ECL (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Scientific™, USA)) according to the manufacturer's protocol. For detection of the protein band, Amersham™ Imager 600 (GE Healthcare Life Science, USA) was used.
As a result, as shown in
This experimental result suggests that the cell penetrating peptide-botulinum toxin conjugate retains the activity of botulinum toxin itself.
2-5. Analysis of SNAP25 Cleavage after Cell Penetration
Analysis was made as to whether the cell penetrating peptide-botulinum toxin conjugate retains its SNAP25 cleavage activity even after penetrating cells.
Specifically, PC-12 cells, cultured in the same manner as described in 2-1 above, were seeded into a 6-well plate at a density of 3×105 cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Thereafter, the cells were treated with each of
BTLC, ACP-BTLC, BTLC-ACP, ACP1-BTLC and ACP2-BTLC (purified in Example 1-4) for 24 hours, and then washed with PBS. According to the method of 2-4 above, protein was collected from the cells, and then the concentration thereof was measured using Quick Start™ Bradford 1× Dye Reagent (Bio-Rad, USA). 20 μg of the protein was separated by 10% SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). According to the same method as described in 2-4 above, the separated protein was transferred to a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane, and the protein band was detected using ECL (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Scientific™, USA)). For detection of the protein band, Amersham™ Imager 600 (GE Healthcare Life Science, USA) was used.
As a result, as shown in
This experimental result suggests that the cell penetrating peptide-botulinum toxin conjugate retains the activity of botulinum toxin itself even after penetrating cells.
3-1. Synthesis of Epidermal Growth Factor
Epidermal growth factor was synthesized using an FMOC solid-phase method by Chempeptide Limited (Shanghai, China). The synthesized peptide was purified and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC (HPLC-20AP, Japan) using a C18 analysis RP column (Shiseido Capcell Pak), and identified using a mass spectrometer (SHIMADZU LCMS-2010EV, Japan).
ACP2 used as a cell-penetrating peptide was conjugated to the N-terminus of the epidermal growth factor.
3-2. Analysis of Cell Penetration
According to the same method as described in Example 2-1, HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of FITC-ACP2 or FITC-ACP2-EGF, and the cells were fixed, and then incubated with anti-Cy3 secondary antibody. The glass, to which the HeLa cells were attached, was detached, placed on slide glass, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, as shown in
3-3. Analysis of Penetration into Mouse Skin Tissue
According to the same method as described in Example 2-2, mouse skin tissue was treated with EGF (control) or FITC-ACP2-EGF, and then whether EGF or FITC-ACP2-EGF penetrated the skin tissue was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, as shown in
3-3. Analysis of Whether Cell Migration Increases
A431 cells were cultured in an RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. The cultured A431 cells were seeded into a 24-well plate containing glass at a density of 1×105 cells/well, and then cultured for 24 hours. The confluent monolayer cells at the bottom were scraped with a tip, and then the culture medium was replaced with a medium containing 5% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. The cells were treated with 1, 5, 10 and 100 nM (11.132, 55.66, 111.32 and 1,113.2 ng/ml) of ACP2-EGF, and a positive control group was treated with 50 ng/ml of recombinant human EGF. The cells were additionally cultured for 18 hours, and then migration of the cells was observed under a microscope.
As a result, as shown in
4-1. Synthesis of Hexapeptide
According to the same method as described in Example 3-1 above, hexapeptide was synthesized, isolated and purified by Chempeptide Limited (Shanghai, China). ACP2 used as a cell-penetrating peptide was conjugated to the N-terminus of the hexapeptide.
4-2. Analysis of Cell Penetration
According to the same method as described in Example 2-1 above, HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of FITC-hexapeptide or FITC-ACP2-hexapeptide, and the cells were fixed, and then incubated with anti-Cy3 secondary antibody. The glass, to which the HeLa cells were attached, was detached, placed on slide glass, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, as shown in
4-3. Analysis of Penetration into Mouse Skin Tissue
According to Example 2-2 above, mouse skin tissue was treated with various concentrations of FITC-hexapeptide or FITC-ACP2-hexapeptide, and then whether FITC-hexapeptide or FITC-ACP2-hexapeptide penetrated the skin tissue was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, as shown in
5-1. Analysis of Penetration of Mixture of Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Epidermal Growth Factor into HeLa Cells
HeLa cells were cultured in a DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin in a humidified incubator at 37° C. under 5% CO2. The cultured cells were seeded into a 12-well plate containing glass at a density of 1×105 cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Thereafter, FITC-EGF and ACP were mixed together at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the cells were treated with the mixture for 20 hours, and then washed three times with PBS. The washed cells were fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes, washed twice with PBS, and then stained with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) for 10 minutes. The glass, to which the cells were attached, was detached, placed on slide glass, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM 700, Zeiss, Germany).
As a result, it could be confirmed that EGF alone showed no cell penetrating activity, but when the cells were treated with the mixture of EGF and ACP, EGF penetrated the cells (
5-2. Analysis of Penetration of Mixture of Cell Penetrating Peptide and Epidermal Growth Factor into Mouse Skin Tissue
Gauze was placed on a 6-well plate, and 3 ml of RPMI medium was added to each well of the plate. Skin tissue having a size of 0.5 cm×0.5 cm, isolated from nude mice (Orient Bio Co., Ltd., Korea) was gently placed on the gauze, and Whatman paper was placed on the mouse skin tissue. Thereafter, the Whatman paper was treated and reacted with FITC-EGF or various concentrations of a mixture of FITC-EFG and ACP for 12 hours. The mouse skin tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 hour, and placed in 30% sucrose until the skin tissue was settled. The skin tissue was frozen with OCT compound (Leica, Germany) and sectioned with a cryostat microtome, thus preparing skin tissue section slides. The slides were stained with DAPI for 10 minutes, and then observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, it could be confirmed that EGF alone did not penetrate the mouse skin tissue, but when the skin tissue was treated with the mixture of EGF and ACP, EGF penetrated the mouse skin tissue in a manner dependent on the concentration of ACP (
5-3. Analysis of Penetration of Mixture of Cell Penetrating Peptide and Epidermal Growth Factor into Minipig Skin Tissue
Micropig Franz cell membrane (2.5 cm×2.5 cm, 400 mm, H426-22, Medikinetics) was fixed between the Franz cell donor compartment and receptor compartment so that the stratum corneum faced up. Then, the receptor compartment was filled with saline. Thereafter, the donor compartment was treated with FITC-EGF, a mixture of FITC-EGF and ACP, or a mixture of FITC-EGF and Transkin, and then incubated at 32° C. for 24 hours. Minipig skin tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 hour, and placed in 30% sucrose until the skin tissue was settled. The skin tissue was frozen with OCT compound (Leica, Germany) and sectioned with a cryostat microtome, thus preparing skin tissue section slides. The slides were stained with DAPI for 10 minutes, and then observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
As a result, it could be confirmed that the mixture of EGF and ACP had skin-penetrating activity, and when compared with the Transkin mixture having the same concentration (100 μg), the ACP mixture penetrated the skin, whereas the Transkin mixture did not penetrate the skin, suggesting that the ACP mixture exhibited a significant skin-penetrating effect (
5-4. Analysis of Whether Mixture of Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Epidermal Growth Factor Increases Cell Migration in In Vitro Wound Healing Assay
A431 cells were cultured in an RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. The cultured A431 cells were seeded into a 24-well plate containing glass at a density of 1×105 cells/well, and then cultured for 24 hours. The confluent monolayer cells at the bottom were scraped with a tip, and then the culture medium was replaced with a medium containing 5% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. The concentration of EGF was fixed to 50 ng, and 5 nM, 10 nM and 30 nM of ACP or ACP2 were mixed with EGF. The cells were treated with each of the mixtures, and a positive control group was treated with 50 mg/ml of recombinant human EGF. Thereafter, the cells were additionally cultured for 18 hours, and then migration of the cells was observed under a microscope.
As a result, it could be confirmed that the mixture of recombinant human EGF and ACP or ACP2 significantly increased cell migration compared to the positive control group (EGF 50 ng/ml) (
The present disclosure has been described above with reference to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains will appreciate that the present disclosure may be embodied in modified forms without departing from the essential characteristics of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and are not restrictive. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope equivalent to the claims should be construed as falling within the scope of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2018-0068378 | Jun 2018 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2019/006848 | 6/7/2019 | WO | 00 |
