Patent Application
20090093129
The present invention relates generally to the field of semiconductor manufacturing. More particularly the present invention relates to a gas baffles and processes for delivering gases used in the formation of integrated circuits.
One of the primary steps in the fabrication of modern semiconductor devices is the formation of a film, such as a silicon oxide film, on a semiconductor substrate. Silicon oxide is widely used as a dielectric layer in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. As is well known, a silicon oxide film can be deposited by a thermal chemical-vapor deposition (“CVD”) process or by a plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (“PECVD”) process. In a conventional thermal CVD process, reactive gases are supplied to a surface of the substrate, where heat-induced chemical reactions take place to produce a desired film. In a conventional plasma-deposition process, a controlled plasma is formed to decompose and/or energize reactive species to produce the desired film.
Semiconductor device geometries have decreased significantly in size since such devices were first introduced several decades ago, and continue to be reduced in size. This continuing reduction in the scale of device geometry has resulted in a dramatic increase in the density of circuit elements and interconnections formed in integrated circuits fabricated on a semiconductor substrate. One persistent challenge faced by semiconductor manufacturers in the design and fabrication of such densely packed integrated circuits is the desire to prevent spurious interactions between circuit elements, a goal that has required ongoing innovation as geometry scales continue to decrease.
Unwanted interactions are typically prevented by providing spaces between adjacent elements that are filled with a dielectric material to isolate the elements both physically and electrically. Such spaces are sometimes referred to herein as “gaps” or “trenches,” and the processes for filling such spaces are commonly referred to in the art as “gap-fill” processes. The ability of a given process to produce a film that completely fills such gaps is thus often referred to as the “gap-fill ability” of the process, with the film described as a “gap-fill layer” or “gap-fill film.” As circuit densities increase with smaller feature sizes, the widths of these gaps decrease, resulting in an increase in their aspect ratio, which is defined by the ratio of the gap's height to its depth. High-aspect-ratio gaps are difficult to fill completely using conventional CVD techniques, which tend to have relatively poor gap-fill abilities. One family of dielectric films that is commonly used to fill gaps in intermetal dielectric (“IMD”) applications, premetal dielectric (“PMD”) applications, and shallow-trench-isolation (“STI”) applications, among others, is silicon oxide (sometimes also referred to as “silica glass” or “silicate glass”).
Some integrated circuit manufacturers have turned to the use of high-density plasma CVD (“HDP-CVD”) systems in depositing silicon oxide gap-fill layers. Such systems form a plasma that has a density greater than about 1011 ions/cm3, which is about two orders of magnitude greater than the plasma density provided by a standard capacitively coupled plasma CVD system. Inductively coupled plasma (“ICP”) systems are examples of HDP-CVD systems. One factor that allows films deposited by such HDP-CVD techniques to have improved gap-fill characteristics is the occurrence of sputtering simultaneous with deposition of material. Sputtering is a mechanical process by which material is ejected by impact, and is promoted by the high ionic density of the plasma in HDP-CVD processes. The sputtering component of HDP deposition thus slows deposition on certain features, such as the corners of raised surfaces, thereby contributing to the increased gap-fill ability.
Even with the use of HDP and ICP processes, there remain a number of persistent challenges in achieving desired deposition properties. These include the need to manage thermal characteristics of the plasma within a processing chamber, particularly with high-energy processes that may result in temperatures that damage structures in the chamber and cause contamination. For example, high temperatures have been associated with the formation and sublimation of AlF3, resulting in erosion system components exposed to such high temperatures and deposition of the aluminum impurities on substrates. Fluorine is highly corrosive and often present in chambers a clean gas to corrosively remove material from the chamber wall and also as an etch gas. For example, dissociated NF3 can be introduced into the chamber from a back-side of the baffle to clean the chamber or as an etch component of deposition-etch-deposition recipes which use NF3 plasma within the chamber.
In addition, there is a general desire to provide deposition processes that are uniform across a wafer. Non-uniformities lead to inconsistencies in device performance and may result from a number of different factors. The deposition characteristics at different points over a wafer result from a complex interplay of a number of different effects. For example, the way in which gas is introduced into the chamber, the level of power used to ionize precursor species, the use of electrical fields to direct ions, and the like, may ultimately affect the uniformity of deposition characteristics across a wafer. In addition, the way in which these effects are manifested may depend on the physical shape and size of the chamber, such as by providing different diffusive effects that affect the distribution of ions in the chamber.
Work in relation with embodiments of the present invention suggests the current systems and methods may be less than ideal. For example, as semiconductor circuits and the associated gaps between circuit elements shrink, contamination by small particles can become problematic, especially where the particle size approximates the size of a gap. Also, contamination with metal in the gap-fill layer, for example Al, can decrease the desired electrically insulative properties of the dielectric gap-fill layer. This contamination can result in decreased yields, wasted material and in some instances faulty circuits. As a result, one specification of HDP-CVD process films for shallow trench isolation is Al content of the film.
One approach to prevent wafer contamination has been to season the chamber with a protective coating prior to placing a wafer in the chamber. For example, process chambers are often seasoned with a deposition gas, for example SiH4, that deposits a protective coating inside the chamber, for example on the chamber walls, to prevent contamination and protect the chamber from erosion by the clean gas. However, seasoning the chamber with a protective coating takes time, and a typical season time can be on the order of 120 seconds. As a result, the throughput, the number of wafers processed over a given period of time, is decreased, and the throughput of current semiconductor process systems may be less than ideal. Work in relation with the present invention suggests that wafer production throughput can be increased by decreasing the amount of time required to process a wafer, for example by decreasing the season time. Shown in
There is accordingly a general need in the art for improved systems and methods providing deposition uniformity with decreased contamination from metal atoms, for example aluminum atoms, and increased throughput in HDP and ICP processes.
Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and an apparatus for processing semiconductors. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention provide a gas distributor used to distribute a gas in a processing chamber, for example a clean gas and/or a deposition gas.
In one embodiment of the present invention, gas distributor for use in a semiconductor processing chamber comprises a body. The body includes a baffle with a gas deflection surface to divert the flow of a gas from a first direction to a second direction. The gas deflection surface comprises a concave portion. The concave portion comprises at least about 75% of the surface area of the gas deflection surface.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a substrate processing chamber comprises an enclosure having a ceiling and a sidewall, and a substrate support adapted to support a substrate. A gas distributor is positioned centrally above the substrate support. The gas distributor comprises a body that includes a baffle. The baffle has an upper exposed surface adapted to outwardly direct gas away from the body and towards the enclosure sidewall. The upper exposed surface comprises a concave portion, and the concave portion comprises at least about 75% of the area of the upper exposed surface of the baffle. The distributor comprises a lower surface below the upper surface and spaced apart from the substrate support. The lower surface is adapted to inject a deposition gas into the chamber.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, a gas distributor for use in a gas processing chamber comprises a body. The body includes a baffle to divert a gas. The baffle comprises a concave surface to deflect the gas from a first direction to a second direction. The baffle also includes a convex surface disposed peripheral to the concave surface. A transition surface is disposed between the concave surface and the convex surface to provide a transition from the concave surface to the convex surface. The convex surface comprises a maximum with across the baffle. The transition surface extends along the for no more than about 20% of the maximum width.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a method of deflecting a gas used in a semiconductor process is provided. A clean gas is directed toward a gas distributor in a first direction. The gas distributor comprises a concave surface. The gas is deflected from the first direction to a second direction substantially with the concave surface. The second direction is transverse to the first direction.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of processing a semiconductor wafer in a semiconductor process chamber is provided. The method comprises cleaning the chamber with a clean gas. The chamber is seasoned for about 25 to 60 seconds. The wafer is placed in the chamber to coat the wafer with a dielectric layer. The wafer is coated with the dielectric layer with an HDP process and/or a CVD process. The dielectric layer has no more than about 2×1012 metal atoms per square centimeter. The coated wafer is removed from the chamber.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a substrate processing device is provided. The device includes an enclosure having a ceiling and a sidewall. A substrate support is adapted to support a semiconductor substrate within the enclosure. A high density plasma deposition system is adapted to deliver a high density plasma to the substrate to form a dielectric layer on the substrate. A gas distributor is positioned centrally above the substrate support. A gas delivery system is adapted to control gas delivery to the gas distributor. A processor is coupled to the gas delivery system and the plasma deposition system to season the chamber and apply the dielectric layer to the wafer. The baffle and the enclosure are adapted to provide no more than about 1.5×1012 metal atoms per square centimeter on the layer for a high power process with a season time of about 25 to 60 seconds.
Many benefits are achieved by the present invention over conventional techniques. Embodiments of the present invention use a concave surface to deflect the gas and direct the gas toward the chamber wall to provide decreased wafer contamination, for example decreased aluminum contamination. Also, embodiments of the present invention provide decreased metal atom contamination, for example aluminum atom contamination, of the gap-fill layer with reduced season times, so that the total amount of time required to process a semiconductor wafer is reduced. At least some of these benefits are provided by the embodiments of the present invention described herein below.
Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and an apparatus for processing semiconductors. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention provide a gas distributor used to distribute clean gas and to distribute a deposition gas in a processing chamber.
1. Exemplary ICP Chamber
The inventors have implemented embodiments of the invention with the ULTIMA™ system manufactured by APPLIED MATERIALS, INC., of Santa Clara, Calif., a general description of which is provided in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,994,662; 6,170,428; and 6,450,117; and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/963,030 and 11/075,527; the entire disclosures of these patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference. An overview of the ICP reactor is provided in connection with
The upper portion of chamber 213 includes a dome 214, which is made of a ceramic dielectric material, such as aluminum oxide or aluminum nitride, sapphire, SiC or quartz. A heater plate 223 and a cold plate 224 surmount, and are thermally coupled to, dome 214. Heater plate 223 and cold plate 224 allow control of the dome temperature to within about ±10° C. over a range of about 100° C. to 200° C. Dome 214 defines an upper boundary of a plasma processing region 216. Plasma processing region 216 is bounded on the bottom by the upper surface of a substrate 217 and a substrate support member 218.
The lower portion of chamber 213 includes a body member 222, which joins the chamber to the vacuum system. A base portion 221 of substrate support member 218 is mounted on, and forms a continuous inner surface with, body member 222. Substrates are transferred into and out of chamber 213 by a robot blade (not shown) through an insertion/removal opening (not shown) in the side of chamber 213. Lift pins (not shown) are raised and then lowered under the control of a motor (also not shown) to move the substrate from the robot blade at an upper loading position 257 to a lower processing position 256 in which the substrate is placed on a substrate receiving portion 219 of substrate support member 218. Substrate receiving portion 219 includes an electrostatic chuck 220 that secures the substrate to substrate support member 218 during substrate processing. In a preferred embodiment, substrate support member 218 is made from an aluminum oxide or aluminum ceramic material.
Vacuum system 270 includes throttle body 225, which houses twin-blade throttle valve 226 and is attached to gate valve 227 and turbo-molecular pump 228. It should be noted that throttle body 225 offers minimum obstruction to gas flow, and allows symmetric pumping. Gate valve 227 can isolate pump 228 from throttle body 225, and can also control chamber pressure by restricting the exhaust flow capacity when throttle valve 226 is fully open. The arrangement of the throttle valve, gate valve, and turbo-molecular pump allow accurate and stable control of chamber pressures from between about 1 millitorr to about 2 torr.
A gas delivery system 233 provides gases from several sources, 234A-234E chamber for processing the substrate via gas delivery lines 238 (only some of which are shown). As would be understood by a person of skill in the art, the actual sources used for sources 234A-234E and the actual connection of delivery lines 238 to chamber 213 varies depending on the deposition and cleaning processes executed within chamber 213. Gases are introduced into chamber 213 through a gas ring 237 and/or a gas distributor 211.
In one embodiment, first and second gas sources, 234A and 234B, and first and second gas flow controllers, 235A′ and 235B′, provide gas to ring plenum in gas ring 237 via gas delivery lines 238 (only some of which are shown). Gas ring 237 has a plurality of source gas nozzles 239 (only one of which is shown for purposes of illustration) that provide a uniform flow of gas over the substrate. Nozzle length and nozzle angle may be changed to allow tailoring of the uniformity profile and gas utilization efficiency for a particular process within an individual chamber. In a preferred embodiment, gas ring 237 has 12 source gas nozzles made from an aluminum oxide ceramic.
Gas ring 237 also has a plurality of oxidizer gas nozzles 240 (only one of which is shown), which in a preferred embodiment are co-planar with and shorter than source gas nozzles 239, and in one embodiment receive gas from body plenum. In some embodiments it is desirable not to mix source gases and oxidizer gases before injecting the gases into chamber 213. In other embodiments, oxidizer gas and source gas may be mixed prior to injecting the gases into chamber 213 by providing apertures (not shown) between body plenum and gas ring plenum. In one embodiment, third, fourth, and fifth gas sources, 234C, 234D, and 234D′, and third and fourth gas flow controllers, 235C and 235D′, provide gas to body plenum via gas delivery lines 238. Additional valves, such as 243B (other valves not shown), may shut off gas from the flow controllers to the chamber.
In embodiments where flammable, toxic, or corrosive gases are used, it may be desirable to eliminate gas remaining in the gas delivery lines after a deposition. This may be accomplished using a b 3-way valve, such as valve 243B, to isolate chamber 213 from delivery line 238A and to vent delivery line 238A to vacuum foreline 244, for example. As shown in
Referring again to
System controller 260 controls the operation of system 210. In a preferred embodiment, controller 260 includes a memory 262, which comprises a tangible medium such as a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive (not shown), and a card rack (not shown) coupled to a processor 261. The card rack may contain a single-board computer (SBC) (not shown), analog and digital input/output boards (not shown), interface boards (not shown), and stepper motor controller boards (not shown). The system controller conforms to the Versa Modular European (“VME”) standard, which defines board, card cage, and connector dimensions and types. The VME standard also defines the bus structure as having a 16-bit data bus and 24-bit address bus. System controller 260 operates under the control of a computer program stored on the tangible medium for example the hard disk drive, or through other computer programs, such as programs stored on a removable disk. The computer program dictates, for example, the timing, mixture of gases, RF power levels and other parameters of a particular process. The interface between a user and the system controller is via a monitor, such as a cathode ray tube (“CRT”), and a light pen.
System controller 260 controls the season time of the chamber and gases used to season the chamber, the clean time and gases used to clean the chamber, and the application of plasma with the HDP CVD process. To achieve this control, the system controller 260 is coupled to many of the components of system 210. For example, system controller 260 is coupled to vacuum system 270, source plasma system 280A, bias plasma system 280B, gas delivery system 233, and remote plasma cleaning system 250. System controller 260 is coupled to vacuum system 270 with a line 263. System controller 260 is coupled to source plasma system 280 with a line 264A and to bias plasma system 280B with a line 264B. System controller 260 is coupled to gas delivery system 233 with a line 265. System controller 260 is coupled to remote plasma cleaning system 250 with a line 266. Lines 263, 264A, 264B, 265 and 266 transmit control signals from system controller 260 to vacuum system 270, source plasma system 280A, bias plasma system 280B, gas delivery system 233, and remote plasma cleaning system 250, respectively. It will be understood that system controller 260 can include several distributed processors to control the components of system 210.
2. Baffle Characteristics
Embodiments of the present invention described herein use a concave surface of a baffle to substantially deflect and substantially direct a clean gas horizontally toward a chamber wall in HDP-CVD processes. By deflecting the clean gas with the concave surface and directing the clean gas toward the chamber wall with the concave surface, heat is readily conducted from gas deflection surfaces of the baffle. This heat conduction results from the baffle shape associated with concave gas deflection surface. The use of the concave gas deflection surface to substantially deflect and substantially direct clean gas toward the chamber wall also permits clean gas deflection and direction without the use of a substantial extended flange.
At least two mechanisms are believed to contribute Al wafer contamination. One mechanism is formation of aluminum fluoride (AlF3). A baffle is typically made of a single piece of aluminum nitride (AlN) or aluminum oxide (Al203), and either of these materials can react with fluorine to form aluminum fluoride. Formation of AlF3 on the baffle is related to baffle temperature during the clean/etch steps. Another mechanism that contributes to wafer contamination is AlF3 sublimation. As a result of these two mechanisms, AlF3 is formed on the baffle by chemical reaction and is subsequently removed by sublimation, thereby allowing more AlN or Al2O3 to react with fluorine. Lower temperatures of the baffle during the clean etch steps results in less sublimation of the AlF3. As sublimated AlF3 is deposited on the semiconductor wafer substrate, less AlF3 sublimation results in less Al on the film formed with a gap-fill process.
Deflecting and directing the clean gas toward the chamber wall with the concave surface can result in decreased Al contamination on the gap fill layer of the processed wafer. Typically, wafer contamination from metal atoms includes a dominant species of metal atoms deposited in the wafer. This dominant species of metal atoms in the wafer corresponds to a dominant species of metal atoms in the gas distributor, for example Al metal atoms from an AlN gas distributor. By decreasing sublimation and chemical reactions on the baffle, the amount of metal atoms removed from the baffle during the deposition process is decreased and the number of metal atoms deposited on the wafer is decreased. Thus, the season time can be reduced because a thinner protective coating on the baffle will provide low Al contamination. As a result, semiconductor wafer throughput is increased while still providing low Al wafer contamination.
Embodiments of the present invention can be used with low, medium and high power HDP/CVD processes. High power process typically include power with a range from about 15 to 18 kW. Medium power processes typically include power with a range from about 8 to 12 kW. Low power processes are generally under about 8 kW. Many embodiments of the present invention can be used to process 300 mm wafers, although other wafer sizes, for example 200 mm wafers and 450 mm wafers can be processed with embodiments of the present invention.
Gas distributor 300 has a gas deflection surface 302 and a gas distributor face 304. Gas deflection surface 302 provides a pathway for cleaning gases during a chamber clean process. Cleaning gases are directed to the chamber walls instead of the substrate support member located directly below the gas distributor. The gas distributor 300 is connected to a chamber wall at a proximal portion 306. During a CVD process, a deposition gas is supplied to the gas distributor 300 at the proximal end 308. A rim 338 extends annularly around proximal end 308. This deposition gas flows through gas distributor 300, exiting at apertures 310, and onto a substrate position on the substrate support member.
Apertures 310 are disposed on the gas distributor face 304 at a step 312, a raised surface. Step 312 can form an oval level or, more preferably, a circular level on gas distributor face 304 having a predetermined diameter. The diameter can range from about 0.01 inches to about 3.00 inches. Step 312 can have a vertical height in a range of about 0.60 inches to about 0.75 inches, and have a slope in a range of about 90 deg to about 15 deg. Step 312 improves gas distribution of gas distributor 300. In particular, the deposition gas can be dispersed further out to the periphery of the substrate support member as a result of step 312. Decreasing the slope of step 312 further disperse the gas towards the outside. While gas distributor 300 shows an embodiment of the step and apertures, other embodiments are possible, for example as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/075,527, filed Mar. 7, 2005, the full disclosure of which has been previously incorporated herein by reference.
In specific embodiments, gas distributor 300 can have 4, 6, 8, or more apertures 310. These apertures 310 are evenly distributed along the circumference of step 312 or, alternatively, weighted to a particular portion thereof. The placement and number of apertures 310 can be tuned for a specific application to achieve uniform distribution of deposition gas unto the substrate. Likewise, the diameter of apertures 310 can also be tuned. The diameter can be in the range of about 0.005 inches to about 0.250 inches. In a specific embodiment, the diameter of apertures 310 are 0.060 inches.
A baffle 320 is formed so as to deflect a clean gas. Baffle 320 includes gas deflection surface 302. Gas deflection surface 302 includes a concave surface 322 and a portion of a convex surface 346. Gas deflection surface 302 and baffle 320 are rotationally symmetric about an axis 314. Concave surface 322 is formed to fit a radius 324. Concave surface 322 includes an upper portion 328 and a lower portion 329, so that concave surface 322 extends from an upper boundary 322a to a lower boundary 322b. An arc 326 of radius 324 extends from upper boundary 322a to lower boundary 322b. Gas deflection surface 302 transitions from concave surface 322 to convex surface 346 at lower boundary 322b. Convex surface 346 is formed in a flange 330.
Convex surface 346 is formed to match an arcuate path of a radius 348. Convex surface 346 and concave surface 322 are arranged so that gas deflection surface 302 transitions from concave surface 322 to convex surface 346 at lower boundary 322b with a continuous surface. The intersection of concave surface 322 with convex surface 346 is at a slight angle to provide a smooth continuous surface transition as lower boundary 322b. In an alternate embodiment, this smooth transition is accomplished by setting the slope of the convex and concave surfaces to zero at lower boundary 322 so that the transition from the concave surface to the convex surface is completely smooth as the angle of the concave surface is matched to the angle of the convex surface at the transition. In yet another embodiment, the intersection of the concave surface with the convex surface is at a substantial angle to provide a continuous transition surface with a slight bend at the transition from the concave surface to the convex surface.
Gas distributor 300 includes a maximum width 340 across the gas distributor. Maximum width 340 corresponds to a diameter across convex surface 346. Maximum width 346 has a range from about 1.4 to 2.0 inches, and is typically about 1.7 inches.
With respect to the lower surface of the gas distributor, a smooth transition is formed at the transition between gas distributor face 304 and convex surface 346, similar to the smooth transition from concave surface 322 to convex surface 346. Flange 330 has a thickness 342. Thickness 342 corresponds to a distance equal to twice radius 348.
The baffle acts to divert the flow of the clean gas from a first direction to a second direction which is transverse to the first direction. Top vent 246 directs the clean gas downward in a first direction 350 along upper portion 328 of the gas deflection surface. Concave surface 322 directs the clean gas horizontally in a second direction 352 along lower portion 329 of concave surface 322, and second direction 352 is transverse to first direction 350. Concave surface 322 also directs the clean gas horizontally in a third direction 354, and third direction 354 is transverse to first direction 350. Concave portion 322 comprises about 90% of an exposed surface area of gas deflection surface 302. Gas deflection surface 302 extends along second direction 352 for a distance less that thickness 342 of flange 330.
With reference to
Convex surface 546 includes a radius 548 and other attributes of the gas distributor. Convex surface 546 extends between an upper boundary 546a and a lower boundary 546b. Convex surface 546 includes an outer edge 532. A maximum width 540 across the gas distributor corresponds do a diameter across the distributor define by outer edge 532. Annular flat transition portion 564 extends between lower boundary 322b of concave surface 322 and upper boundary 546a of convex surface 546. Lower boundary 546b is positioned between convex surface 546 and gas distributor face 504. A flange 530 includes annular flat transition portion 564 and convex surface 546. A flange thickness 542 corresponds to a distance equal to twice the radius 548.
Dimensions of annular flat transition portion are related to other dimensions of the gas distributor. For example, the distance of annular flat transition portion 564 along maximum width 540 is no more than about 10% of the maximum width as shown in
Any combination of chamber clean time, season time, and process power can be selected to provide a desired level of metal atom contamination. As season time is increased, metal atom contamination decreases and the season time is selected to provide metal ion contamination that is below a predetermined maximum tolerated amount. To optimize wafer throughput, one selects the shortest season time that provides metal atom contamination below the predetermined amount. For example, a season time of 30 seconds and can provide a metal ion contamination of 1.2×1012 Al atoms per square centimeter that is below a maximum tolerated amount of 1.5×1012 Al atoms per square centimeter. With a season time of 30 seconds, the total time to clean the chamber, place the wafer in the chamber, process the wafer in the chamber and remove the wafer from the chamber corresponds to a throughput of at least about 8 wafers per hour.
It should be appreciated that the specific steps illustrated in
3. Experimental Results
Preliminary testing with embodiments of the present invention show that significant improvements can be achieved, including reduced Al contamination and increase throughput of wafers processed in the chamber. Testing with embodiments of the present invention typically included single piece AlN (aluminum nitride) gas distributors formed from a mold and NF3 clean gas, although other gas distributor materials, for example Alumina, and clean other gases, for example F2, can be used. As an example, preliminary testing with embodiments using a high power process has shown that Al contamination can be reduced from 1.3×1013 atoms per square centimeter on the substrate with a season time of 120 s for a prior baffle to as in
The above-described arrangements of apparatus and methods are merely illustrative of applications of the principles of this invention and many other embodiments and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
The present application is a Divisional of 11/564,167 filed Nov. 28, 2006; the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11564167 | Nov 2006 | US |
| Child | 12253687 | US |
