Patent Application
20100135985
The present invention pertains to the field of pharmaceutical compositions that are useful for treating pathologies resulting from a disruption of the mechanism of angiogenesis.
It relates in particular to new genes whose function had not been identified before now, and to genes that are known but whose involvement in the angiogenesis mechanism has been demonstrated for the first time by the applicant.
These genes are identified by virtue of their nucleotide sequences in the attached sequence listing.
The present invention also relates to the polypeptide sequences of the factors encoded by said genes, which find their application in the clinical study of the angiogenic process, and the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies related to this process, and also in the implementation of pharmacological, pharmacogenomic or pharmacosignaling assays.
Angiogenesis is a fundamental process through which new blood vessels are formed. This process is essential in several normal physiological phenomena such as reproduction, development or healing. In these normal biological phenomena, angiogenesis is under strict control, i.e. it is triggered during a short period, a few days, and then completely inhibited. However, several pathologies are related to an invasive and uncontrolled angiogenesis. Arthritis, for example, is a pathology due to cartilage being damaged by invasive neovessels. In diabetic retinopathy, invasion of the retina by neovessels results in patients becoming blind; neovascularization of the ocular apparatus is the major cause of the onset of blindness and this neovascularization dominates about 20 or so eye diseases. Finally, tumor growth and metastasis are directly related to neovascularization and are dependent on angiogenesis. The tumor stimulates the growth of neovessels for its growth itself. Furthermore, these neovessels provide tumors with escape routes so that they can join the bloodstream and cause metastases in remote sites such as the liver, the lung or the bone.
In other pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, peripheral artery diseases, or vascular or cerebral lesions, angiogenesis can provide an important therapeutic base. In fact, the promotion of angiogenesis in damaged areas can result in the formation of blood neovessels lateral to and alternative to the damaged vessels, thus providing the blood and, consequently, the oxygen and other nutritive and biological factors necessary for the survival of the tissues concerned.
The formation of neovessels by endothelial cells involves the migration, growth and differentiation of the endothelial cells. The regulation of these biological phenomena is directly linked to genetic expression. In terms of angiogenesis, an ever increasing number of studies shows that angiogenesis is regulated through an equilibrium between factors that act directly on the endothelial cell. These factors may, firstly, be stimulatory factors, such as, inter alia, VEGF, FGFs, IL-8, HGF/SF or PDGF. They may also be inhibitory factors, such as, inter alia, IL-10, IL-12, gro-α and -β, platelet factor 4, angiostatin, human chondrocyte-derived inhibitor, thrombospondin, or leukemia inhibitory factor (Jensen, Surg. Neural., 1998, 49, 189-195; Tamatani et al., Carcinogenesis, 1999, 20, 957-962; Tanaka et al., Cancer Res., 1998, 58, 3362-3369; Ghe et al., Cancer Res., 1997, 57, 3733-3740; Kawahara et al., Hepatology, 1998, 28, 1512-1517; Chandhuni et al., Cancer Res., 1997, 57, 1814-1819; Jendraschak and Sage, Semin. Cancer Biol., 1996, 7, 139-146; Majewski et al., J. Invest. Dermatol., 1996, 106, 1114-1119).
The control of angiogenesis therefore represents both a strategic axis of fundamental research, in order to improve our understanding of the many pathological phenomena related to angiogenesis, and also a basis for the development of new therapies for treating angiogenesis-related pathologies.
In order to control angiogenesis, several pharmaceutical groups have developed therapeutic strategies based directly on the use of paracrine signals, stimulatory and inhibitory factors, as agents for promoting or inhibiting angiogenesis. These strategies are based essentially on the use of these factors in their polypeptide form, as agents for stimulating or inhibiting angiogenesis, or else, more recently, in the form of expression vectors encoding the selected factors.
A method for identifying new genes involved in the regulation of angiogenesis has been developed. It was the subject of a French patent application published under No. FR 2798674 and a PCT international patent application published under No. WO 01/218312. This method has the particular feature of faithfully translating the intimate mechanism that regulates angiogenesis, taking into account all the extracellular factors described as angiogenesis-regulating agents, i.e. angiogenic factors, angiostatic factors, and the various components of the extracellular matrix. This method consists in using these various extracellular factors through four well-defined experimental conditions. The endothelial cells are cultured on a component and/or a well-defined mixture of several components of the extracellular matrix and placed under the four experimental conditions, namely:
These four conditions make it possible to obtain mRNA preparations specific for angiogenesis, i.e. for the angiogenic state and/or the inhibition of angiogenesis, and make it possible to detect the genes encoding the cell constituents involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, including positive regulators and negative regulators.
Therefore, the method described above allows the systematic screening of all the angiogenic and angiostatic factors and also of the various components of the extracellular matrix for the purpose of demonstrating and identifying the genes encoding the cell constituents involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, given that the gene expression can be analyzed throughout the kinetics of the formation of neovessels by the endothelial cells, this approach constitutes an in vitro method for connecting gene expression to the functional biological parameters of angiogenesis.
The identification of the 34 genes reported below was carried out according to the method described above, using the angiogenic and angiostatic factors, and also collagen type I as extracellular matrix component for reproducing the four experimental conditions.
The applicant has, moreover, proved the involvement of these 34 new genes identified by the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34, in the attached sequence listing, in the mechanism for regulating angiogenesis.
Thus, the invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule, characterized in that it comprises or in that it consists of:
For the purpose of the present invention, the following should be considered as sequences equivalent to the sequences described above, nucleotide sequences having one or more minor structural modification(s) that does or do not modify their function, such as a deletion, mutation or addition of bases, which exhibit at least 90% identity with the nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to 34 in the attached sequence listing.
For the purpose of the present invention, the term “fragment” is intended to mean a sequence of 10 mer type, preferably of 15 mer type and particularly preferably of 20 mer type.
The advantage of all the sequences described in the present text lies in the fact that an antisense of these sequences, when it is introduced into a cell, influences the angiogenic phenomena, i.e. its introduction into the cell results in an activation or an inhibition of angiogenesis.
According to another aspect, the invention relates to a polypeptide or fragment of said polypeptide, characterized in that it is encoded by one of the nucleotide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1, 4, 5, 13, 17, 18, 19 and 29.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, said polypeptide comprises or consists of one of the polypeptide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 35, 37, 38, 43, 47, 48, 49 or 57.
According to yet another aspect, a subject of the invention is an expression vector, characterized in that it comprises
More particularly, said vector is chosen from the group of vectors GS-V1 to GS-V23, identified by their sequence, bearing the numbers SEQ ID No. 87 to SEQ ID No. 109 in the attached sequence listing.
Said vectors can be constructed by any method known to those skilled in the art. Mention will in particular be made of the method described in patent application WO 03/074073 with the primer sequences, described in said patent, GS-PGS-F and GS-PGM-R for fragments cloned in the sense orientation into the bacterial plasmid, or the primers GS-PGS-F and GS-PGM-R for fragments cloned in the sense orientation into the bacterial plasmid.
These constructs can be used, firstly, for preparing therapeutic compositions for treatment, by cell therapy, of angiogenic disorders and, secondly, for verifying the effectiveness of a treatment of an angiogenic disorder in a mammal, in particular in a human being, or else for verifying the functionality of the genes possibly involved in the mechanism of angiogenesis, in said mammal.
According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to an antibody, characterized in that it has an affinity for one of the polypeptide sequences encoded by one of the nucleotide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to 34, or a fragment of said sequences, particularly encoded by one of the nucleotide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1, 4, 5, 13, 17, 18, 19 and 29 or a fragment of said sequences, or having an affinity for a polypeptide comprising or consisting of one of the polypeptide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 35 to 61, or a fragment of said sequences, particularly for a polypeptide comprising or consisting of one of the polypeptide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 35, 37, 38, 43, 47, 48, 49 or 57 or a fragment of said sequences.
Said antibodies can be obtained by any method of in vivo or in vitro immunization of an animal, in particular of a vertebrate, and preferably of a mammal, with any one of the polypeptide sequences according to the invention, or a fragment thereof that conserves the immunogenicity of the whole protein.
The antibodies may be polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (Kohler G. and Milstein C. Nature. 1975 Aug. 7; 256(5517):495-7).
The introduction of said nucleotide sequences identified in the attached sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to 34 and SEQ ID No. 62 to 86 (sense and antisense) or of said vectors identified in the attached sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID No. 87 to SEQ ID No. 109, or of a homolog thereof, and the subsequent insertion of said vectors into mammalian cells, makes it possible to obtain cell lines that overexpress or underexpress the genes involved in the mechanism of angiogenesis.
Thus, according to yet another aspect, the invention relates to a genetically modified cell, characterized in that it overexpresses or underexpresses at least one gene involved in angiogenesis, chosen from the genes identified in the attached sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34, particularly the genes identified in the attached sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9 to 11, 13, 17 to 19, 27 to 29 and 34.
Said genetically modified cells can be constructed by any method known to those skilled in the art. In particular, they can be constructed by the method described in patent application WO 03/074073 and which comprises:
According to yet another aspect, a subject of the invention is the use, as a medicament, of a nucleic acid molecule, of a polypeptide, of an expression vector, of an antibody or of a genetically modified cell as described above.
According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as active agent, at least one substance chosen from:
In particular, the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention may be intended for the diagnosis, prognosis and/or treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical composition may be intended for the treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies chosen from: cancers, particularly through the vascularization and/or proliferation of tumors, retinopathies, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, atherosclerosis, ovarian hyperstimulation, psoriasis, neovascularization-related endometriosis, restenosis due to balloon angioplasty, tissue overproduction due to healing, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, vascular inflammation, Raynaud's disease and phenomena, aneurism, arterial restenosis, thrombophlebitis, lymphangitis, lymphedema, tissue healing and repair, ischemia, angina, myocardial infarction, chronic heart disease, heart failures such as congestive heart failure, age-related macular degeneration, and osteoporosis.
According to another aspect, a subject of the invention is use in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended to inhibit angiogenesis, characterized in that it comprises an angiogenesis-inhibiting active agent chosen from:
According to another aspect, a subject of the invention is the use in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended to activate angiogenesis, characterized in that it comprises an angiogenesis-activating active agent chosen from:
According to a specific aspect, another subject of the invention concerns any nucleic acid sequence (in DNA or RNA form) comprising or consisting of at least a 10 mer of a nucleotide sequence chosen from the sequences identified by the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing, or sequence complementary to such a sequence, preferably at least a 15 mer.
Most preferably, a subject of the invention is the sequences having at least 85%, preferably 95%, and particularly preferably 100% identity with a sequence chosen from the sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 62 to SEQ ID No. 86 in the attached sequence listing.
The invention relates in particular to the RNAi (interfering RNA), and more particularly an siRNA (small interfering RNA) comprising or consisting of a double-stranded nucleotide sequence in RNA, form that is at least a 10 mer, complementary to an mRNA corresponding to one of the nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34.
Thus, a subject of the invention is the use of such an siRNA that is at least a 10 mer, preferably at least a 15 mer, comprising or consisting of an RNA complementary to one of the nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing, for preparing a medicament intended for the treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies.
The present invention also relates to a method for the diagnosis of an angiogenic pathology in a mammal, in particular in a human being, consisting in detecting, in the cells of said mammal, the overexpression or the underexpression of one or more nucleotide sequences identified by the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing.
Such a method of diagnosis comprises the following steps:
The present invention also relates to a method for the diagnosis and for the prognosis of an angiogenic pathology in a mammal, in particular in a human being, consisting in detecting, in the cells of said mammal, the overexpression or the underexpression of one or more polypeptide sequences identified by the numbers SEQ ID No. 35 to SEQ ID No. 61 in the attached sequence listing.
According to a preferred embodiment, said method comprises the following steps:
According to a specific embodiment, in the method of diagnosis of the invention, the detection of the expression of the sequences is carried out after the endothelial cells have been placed in the presence of a biological fluid derived from a patient.
The present invention also relates to a method for verifying the therapeutic effectiveness of an angiogenic treatment in a mammal, in particular in a human being, characterized in that it comprises the “in vitro” identification, in a cell population of said mammal, of the overexpression or the underexpression of at least one gene involved in an angiogenic disorder identified by one of the nucleotide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34.
Such a method for verifying the therapeutic effectiveness comprises the following steps:
According to preferred embodiments, the method of verification is carried out on a cell population of a mammal in vivo or ex vivo, or else on a cell population isolated from said mammal in vitro.
According to a specific embodiment, in the method of verification of the invention, the detection of the expression of the sequences is carried out after the cells, particularly the endothelial cells, have been placed in the presence of a biological fluid derived from a patient.
The present invention also relates to a method of screening for compounds that are useful for the angiogenic treatment of a mammal, in particular of a human being.
According to a preferred embodiment, such a method of screening comprises the following steps:
According to another preferred embodiment, such a method of screening also comprises the following steps:
According to a specific embodiment, in the method of screening of the invention, the detection of the expression of the sequences is carried out after the cells, particularly the endothelial cells, have been placed in the presence of a biological fluid derived from a patient.
Among the angiogenic disorders that can be diagnosed or treated with the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention, mention may be made of: cancers, particularly through tumor vascularization and/or proliferation, retinopathies, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, atherosclerosis, ovarian hyperstimulation, psoriasis, neovascularization-related endometriosis, restenosis due to balloon angioplasty, tissue overproduction due to healing, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, vascular inflammation, Raynaud's disease and phenomena, aneurism, arterial restenosis, thrombophlebitis, lymphangitis, lymphedema, tissue healing and repair, ischemia, angina, myocardial infarction, chronic heart disease, heart failures such as congestive heart failure, age-related macular degeneration, and osteoporosis.
A subject of the invention is also a device comprising a substrate comprising one or more probes specific for one or more nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing, for implementing the screening method of the invention, particularly for one or more nucleotide sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1, 4, 5, 13, 17, 18, 19 and 29, or the sequence complementary thereto, or a fragment of said sequences.
In the context of the present invention, the term “probe” is intended to mean any single-stranded DNA fragment whose sequence is complementary to a sequence being sought: said sequence may, for example, thus be detected by hybridization with a labeled probe (for example, labeled by incorporation of radioactive atoms or of fluorescent groups), which plays the role of a molecular “hook”.
According to preferred embodiments, the substrate of said device is chosen from a glass membrane, a metal membrane, a polymer membrane and a silica membrane.
Such devices are, for example, DNA chips comprising one or more nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing.
The subject of the invention is also a kit for measuring the differential display of genes involved in angiogenic disorders, comprising a device as described above, specific primes, and the accessory products required for amplifying the sequences extracted from a sample, hybridizing them with the probes of the device and carrying out the measurements of the differential display.
A subject of the invention is also a kit for measuring the differential display of genes involved in angiogenic disorders, comprising a line of genetically modified cells stably expressing the vector expressing at least one of the nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing, or one of their fragments, as reference cell population, and the means required for measuring said differential display.
A subject of the invention is also a kit for measuring the differential display of genes involved in angiogenic disorders, comprising a line of genetically modified cells stably expressing the vector expressing at least one antisense sequence of one of the nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 34 in the attached sequence listing, or one of their fragments, as reference cell population, and the means required for measuring said differential display.
The verification of the involvement of the 34 genes identified and of homologs thereof in the mechanism of angiogenesis was carried out according to the method described in the materials and methods section.
This involvement is illustrated by means of the attached
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under said four culture conditions are then used to identify the genes encoding the cell constituents involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.
The endothelial cells are maintained in complete medium (EGM-2 from Clonetics).
In order to identify the genes involved in angiogenesis in the in vitro angiogenesis test according to the model of Montesano et al., (1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83(19):7297-301). The cells are first of all seeded onto a collagen type I gel in complete medium until confluence. The reference HUVEC cells are then cultured in serum-depleted medium free of growth factors: EBM-2+2% serum, and various factors are added under the test conditions.
FGF2: at concentrations of between 5 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml, preferably between 10 and 40 ng/ml; VEGF: at concentrations of between 10 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml, preferably between 30 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml; PF4: at concentrations of between 0.1 and 5 μg/ml, preferably between 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml; TNF-α at concentrations of between 20 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml, preferably between 30 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml; IFN-γ: at concentrations of between 50 ng/ml and 200 ng/ml, preferably between 80 ng/ml and 120 ng/ml; Ang-2: at concentrations of between 20 ng/ml and 800 ng/ml, preferably between 200 ng/ml and 400 ng/ml.
The human endothelial cells placed under the abovementioned four culture conditions are then used to identify genes encoding the cell constituents involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.
Angiogenic and angiostatic factors which have an effect on the expression of the genes identified, in correlation with the formation of neovessels or the inhibition of neovessels, respectively, used by way of example in the context of the present invention, are illustrated below:
TNF-α, which is a regulator of angiogenesis, can induce angiogenesis in vivo, but also inhibit the formation of vessels in vitro (Frater-Schroder et al., 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84(15):5277-81; Fajardo et al., 1992, Am. J. Pathol. Mar., 140(3):539-44; Niida et al., 1995, Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo), 35(4):209-14). In our in vitro angiogenesis model, the TNF-α is used under conditions that inhibit angiogenesis.
The gene expressions can then be compared using DNA chips, SAGE, a quantitative PCR amplification reaction, viral vectors for constructing subtractive libraries, or else differential display analysis.
In the context of the experimental studies that led to the present invention, the applicant preferentially used the differential display technique for identifying said genes.
The total RNA is prepared from HUVEC cells cultured on a collagen gel in the presence of the various factors used, according to the RNeasy Mini kit method (Qiagen), integrating a step of digestion with DNase I according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer.
The differential display based on total RNA is carried out according to the method described by Liang and Pardee (1992, Science, 14; 257(5072):967-7) using αP33-ATP as an isotopic dilution during the PCR amplification for visualizing the bands by autoradiography of the electrophoresis gels.
Thus, the DNA fragments differentially present on the gel as a function of the culture conditions analyzed are cut out, reamplified, cloned into a plasmid (PGEM easy vector, Promega), sequenced and identified by interrogation of the BLAST library.
In a second step, the functionality of each identified sequence is tested on the in vitro angiogenesis model with the human endothelial cells transfected with an expression vector comprising an antisense oligonucleotide of said sequence.
For the construction of these vectors, the amplification of the fragment cloned into the bacterial plasmid is carried out by means of specific primers chosen from the sequences GS-PGS-F, GS-PGM-R or GS-PGM-F and GS-PGS-R, which hybridize to the regions of the plasmid bordering the cloned gene and which also comprise, within their ends, the restriction sites (SalI and MluI sites) that are not contained in the cloned fragment but are present in the multisite region of the expression vector.
These two restriction sites can be interchanged according to whether the fragment has been cloned into the bacterial plasmid in its sense or antisense orientation.
These primers (see international patent application published under No. WO 01/218312) are indicated in table I below:
Controls carried out with these primers, which can be considered to be universal primers, in the absence of the cloned gene (empty plasmid), showed that the amplified fragment of the plasmid (40 base pairs), when it is integrated into the expression vector, does not impair neovessel formation in the in vitro functionality test. The results obtained with this vector thus constructed are identical to those obtained with the empty vector (results not shown) and show that these additional base pairs do not impair the effect of the antisense fragments specific for the sequence identified.
These primers contain, at each of their ends, a site for a different restriction enzyme (SalI: GTCGAC or MluI: ACGCGT).
Amplified fragments of each gene are obtained by PCR from the bacterial plasmids containing the fragment of the identified gene, using said primers.
These fragments are purified, digested with the SalI and MluI restriction enzymes and inserted into a vector for expression in mammals, of the pCi-neo vector type (Promega), itself digested with these two restriction enzymes.
Each fragment is introduced in the antisense orientation.
In general, the vectors that can be used for demonstrating the functionality of the genes identified in the present invention, in the mechanism of angiogenesis, comprise any system of vectors for expression in mammals comprising a promoter which allows the expression of a cloned gene; by way of example, mention may be made of the “strong” human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.
Other constitutive or inducible expression vectors that can also be used are indicated in the nonexhaustive list indicated hereinafter:
Vectors sold by the company Promega; vectors with a “strong” promoter for a high level of constitutive expression of genes in mammalian cells (pCI Mammalian Expression vector, Expression Vector System cloning vector pALTER(R)*-MAX), vectors sold by the company Invitrogen: (pcDNA3.1, -/hygro, -/Zeo pcDNA4/HisMAx, -E, base pairs udCE4, pRcRSV, pRcCMV2, pSecTag2, -/hygro secretion vectors, the vectors pEBVHis A, B and C), vectors for expression in mammals, sold by the company Clontech (pIRES, pIRES-EYFP, pIRES2-EGFP, pCMV-Myc and pCMV-HA), Epitope-Tagged pTRE, the VP16 Minimal Domain vectors (ptTA 2, ptTA 3 and ptTA 4), the Tet bidirectional expression vectors (base pairs I, base pairs I-EGFP, base pairs I-G, base pairs I-L), pRevTRE, pTRE2, pLEGFP-N1, Retroviral Vector pLEGFP-C1, the adenoviral expression systems Adeno-X, pCMS-EGFP, pd1EGFP-N1, pd2ECFP-N1, pd2EYFP-N1, pEGFP (-C1, -C2, -C3, -N1, -N2, -N3), pEYFP-C1, -N1.
Each vector comprising said antisense fragment is then produced in E. coli, extracted, purified and quantified. One μg of each vector is incubated in the presence of a transfecting agent (effectene, Qiagen) according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer with endothelial cells. Twenty-four hours after the transfection, the endothelial cells are trypsinized and plated out on the extracellular matrix containing the angiogenic factors, in this case matrigel according to the model described by Grant et al., (1989, Cell, 58(5):933-43). After incubation for 24 h, the vessel formation is observed and compared with the control cells transfected with the empty mammalian expression vector.
The expression systems may comprise a marker for selection with an antibiotic (a gene for resistance to an antibiotic), for selecting the transfected cells stably expressing the vector comprising the nucleic acid cloned into said vector, either in the same vector, or in a 2nd vector that is co-transfected.
This expression vector can be a constitutive or inducible expression system.
In the specific example described below, the stable lines for expressing the antisense oligonucleotide corresponding to each gene identified were obtained with a constitutive expression vector and after selection in the presence of an antibiotic.
To do this, 24 h after the transfection carried out under the conditions described above, BAEC endothelial cells are trypsinized and seeded at a rate of 80 000 cells/well in a six-well plate in the presence of 700 μg/ml of the antibiotic G418 (Promega). A control well is seeded with nontransfected cells. The medium is changed every three days with the antibiotic being renewed. The control cells are removed after 8 to 10 days, and the cells resistant to the antibiotic are harvested at confluence (after 2 to three weeks) and then transferred into culture flasks, still in the presence of the antibiotic. The stable lines are then tested for their ability to form or not form vessels, in the in vitro angiogenesis test.
The nucleic acid sequences identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex by the numbers SEQ ID No. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9 to 11, 13, 17 to 19, 27 to 29 and 34, and the proteins identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex by the Nos. SEQ ID No. 35, 37, 38, 43, 47 to 49 and 57, have not been previously identified as having any biological role, and even less so of having a role in the process of angiogenesis or the differentiation of endothelial cells into capillary tubes. These proteins are described below.
The differential display method described above made it possible to identify the following mRNAs:
The sequence of this mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 213 to nucleotide 482. A protein, GS-P1, resulting from the translation of this mRNA (SEQ ID No. 35 in the attached sequence listing) was identified. This protein is composed of 89 amino acids.
The sequence of this mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 438 to nucleotide 5687. A protein, GS-P2, (SEQ ID No. 36 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, was identified. This protein is composed of 1749 amino acids, and is called Nucleoporin 188.
Nucleoporin 188 kDa is part of the family of about thirty proteins called nucleoporins, which constitute, on the nuclear double membrane, large protein structures that form nuclear pores and serve as sites for translocation of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Studies have shown that a nucleoporin has a unique role in regulating the function of the nuclear pore and the transport of proteins and RNAs. Their role became clearer with the demonstration that they are associated with specific diseases (review: Cronshaw and Matunis, Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2004 January-February; 15(1):34-9). For example, the overexpression of nucleoporin NUP88 has been associated with a highly aggressive nature in breast cancer (Agudo et al., Int. J. Cancer. 2004 May 1; 109(5):717-20). Specific roles have also been demonstrated by other types of studies; thus, for example, a specific role has been suggested for nucleoporin 98 kDa (NUP98): repression of the expression of this protein by the RNai technique has enabled some authors to demonstrate a specific impairment of the nuclear pore structure and of certain functions, such as entry of the HIV virus cDNA into the nucleus, suggesting that this protein participates in the entry of the virus cDNA into the nucleus (Ebina et al., Microbes Infect. 2004 July; 6(8):715-24). Another example, nucleoporin P62, has been implicated in the transport of transcription activating factors (STAT3) to the nucleus of neurons when the cells are stimulated with angiotensin II (Lu et al., Neurosci. 1998 Feb. 15; 18(4):1329-36).
As regards the NUP188 protein, no specific role has yet been demonstrated; its role in particular in the regulation of angiogenesis has not yet been described.
The sequence of this mRNA (GS-N4) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 176 to nucleotide 1387. A protein, GS-P3 (SEQ ID No. 37 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has been identified. This protein is composed of 403 amino acids.
This sequence is homologous to the GS-N5 sequence.
The sequence of this mRNA (GS-N5) has a partial coding sequence from nucleotide 1 to nucleotide 949. A protein, GS-P4 (SEQ ID No. 38 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, homologous to the GS-P3 protein, composed of 315 amino acids, has been identified.
This new 44 kDa protein contains a PHD zinc finger domain, which is a motif mainly found in proteins involved in the regulation of transcription in eukaryotes (review: Trends Biochem. Sci. 1995 February; 20(2):56-9).
The sequence of this mRNA (GS-N6) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 213 to nucleotide 2207. A protein, GS-P5 (SEQ ID No. 39 in the attached sequence listing), called lamin A/C isoform 1, resulting from the translation of this mRNA, composed of 664 amino acids, has been identified.
This sequence is homologous to the GS-N7 sequence.
The sequence of this mRNA (GS-N7) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 211 to nucleotide 2319. A protein, GS-P6 (SEQ ID No. 40 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, composed of 702 amino acids, called lamin A precursor, has been identified.
The LMNA gene encodes a protein called lamin A/C isoform 1. Lamins are the main components of the nuclear lamina. These proteins are important in a variety of cell functions, such as nuclear assembly, replication, transcription and nuclear integrity (review: Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2002 June; 14(3):357-64). Mutations in lamin A/C have been linked to several diseases such as muscular dystrophies or cardiovascular diseases (review: Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2001 October; 11(7):280-5); the loss of expression of this gene has been reported in a form of dilated cardiopathy (Virchows Arch. 2003 November; 443(5):664-71. Epub 2003 Jul. 26). However, to date, no involvement of this gene has been described in the regulation of angiogenesis.
The sequence of this mRNA (GS-N8) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 64 to nucleotide 1341. A protein, GS-P7 (SEQ ID No. 41 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has been identified. This protein is composed of 425 amino acids and is called SAB protein.
The SAB protein is an SH3-domain-binding protein, its role in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) signaling pathway was suggested by the demonstration that it binds with the SH3 domain of this kinase (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998 Apr. 17; 245(2):337-43). Its role in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase protein signaling pathway has also been suggested (Biochem. J. 2002 Nov. 1; 367 (Pt 3):577-85). Moreover, c-Jun N-terminal kinase has been shown to be involved in angiogenesis (Jimenez et al., Oncogene. 2001 June 7; 20(26):3443-8) and, more recently, increased expression of Btk has been observed during in vivo angiogenesis (2004, Zippo et al., Blood).
However, to date, no involvement of the SAB protein has been demonstrated in angiogenesis.
This sequence exhibits less than 90% sequence homology with the GS-N9, GS-N10 and GS-N11 sequences. However, these 4 sequences have a conserved sequence, the antisense of which, identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the number SEQ ID No. 67, makes it possible to inhibit expression.
The sequence of this mRNA (GS-N12) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 324 to nucleotide 8162. A protein, GS-P8 (SEQ ID No. 42 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has been identified. This protein is composed of 2612 amino acids, and is called HECT domain-containing protein 1 (HECTD1).
The HECTD1 protein belongs, by virtue of its conserved domain, to the family of HECT proteins which function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (Callaghan et al., Oncogene, 1998 Dec. 31; 17(26):3479-91). By way of examples, the Smurf1 protein, another member of this family, plays a specific role in osteoblast cell differentiation and bone formation in vivo, by inhibiting this differentiation (Zhao et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2004 Mar., 26; 279(13):12854-9). The Nedd4 protein, also a member of the HECT family, has been described as regulating the stability and therefore the activity of the IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) growth factor receptor (Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003 May; 23(9):3363-72). The specific role of HECTD1 has not yet been described in the literature, and in particular, no role in the regulation of angiogenesis has been described for this protein.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 1 to nucleotide 3522. A protein, GS-P9 (SEQ ID No. 43 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has been identified. This protein is composed of 1173 amino acids.
This as yet unknown protein is characterized by a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain.
This mRNA has a coding sequence for nucleotide 469 to nucleotide 2037. A protein, GS-P10 (SEQ ID No. 44 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 522 amino acids and is called AMIGO2.
The Amigo 2 protein was recently discovered and was classified in a new family of genes encoding type I transmembrane proteins which contain a secretion signal sequence and a transmembrane domain (Kuja-Panula et al., J. Cell Biol. 2003; 160(6):963-73). These authors have suggested that they are new adhesion molecules; they are expressed on neuron fibers and are thought to participate in their formation.
The Amigo 2 protein still remains poorly known; it has never yet been described as being involved in angiogenesis.
This mRNA has a coding region from nucleotide 135 to nucleotide 6017. A protein, GS-P11 (SEQ ID No. 45 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 1960 amino acids, and is called transcription factor 20, isoform 1 (TCF20).
This protein, also called SPBP, was initially described as being a transcription factor which controls the expression of stromolysin, a metalloproteinase involved in tumor invasion and metastases (Sanz et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 15 (6), 3164-3170 (1995)). More recently, it has been reported that this nuclear protein contains several functional domains and that it stimulates the transcriptional activity of varied transcription factors such as Ets1 or C-Jun; it is suggested to be a transcriptional coactivator (Rekdal et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2000 Dec. 22; 275(51):40288-300).
To date, no involvement in the regulation of angiogenesis has been described for this protein.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 125 to nucleotide 1888. A protein, GS-P12 (SEQ ID No. 46 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified.
This protein is composed of 587 amino acids, and is called CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1 (CDK5RAP1).
This protein, also called C42 or HSPC167, has been isolated and shown to associate with an activating subunit (p25nck5a derived from p35nck5a) of a protein kinase associated with the cell cycle, called cyclin-dependent protein kinase, CDK5 (Ching and Wang, Gene. 2000 Jan. 25; 242(1-2):285-94). In dividing cells, cdks regulate proliferation, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis. Neuronal CDK5 has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration. The activity of Cdk proteins is regulated by complex mechanisms that include protein phosphorylation and association with specific inhibitors. For Cdk5, two activators have been identified: p35nck5a, and its isoform, p39nck5ai. The CDK5RAP1 protein has been shown to inhibit the kinase activity of neuronal CDK5 by associating with p35nck5a (Ching et al., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 18, 15237-15240, May 3, 2002). Furthermore, recently, increased expression of CDK5 and its role in proliferation and apoptosis in bFGF-stimulated proliferating endothelial cells (BAE) have been reported (Sharma et al., J. Cell Biochem. 2004 Feb. 1; 91(2):398-409).
On the other hand, to date, no involvement of CDK5RAP1 has been demonstrated in the regulation of angiogenesis.
This mRNA (GS-N17) has a partial coding sequence from nucleotide 45 to nucleotide 935.
A new protein, GS-P13 (SEQ ID No. 47 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 296 amino acids.
This unknown protein, of 33 kDa, contains BTB/POZ and Kelch domains; the BTB/POZ domain is a conserved protein-protein interaction domain (Xu et al., Int. J. Mol. Med. 2004 January; 13(1):193-7). These domains have been described as being involved in the processes of signal regulation and transduction (NCBI, Conserved Domain Search). However, the proteins containing these domains constitute a large family, the physiological functions of which still remain relatively unknown (Ohmachi et al., Genes Cells. 1999 June; 4(6):325-37). A member of this family has already been described as involved in a process such as directed cell migration in drosophila (Development, 2001 August; 128(15):3001-15).
This mRNA (GS-N18) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 164 to nucleotide 448. A protein, GS-P14 (SEQ ID No. 48 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 94 amino acids.
This 10 kDa protein has no specific domain, but contains a secretion signal sequence and a transmembrane helix.
This sequence is homologous to the GS-N19 sequence.
This mRNA (GS-N19) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 628 to nucleotide 1533. A protein, GS-P15 (SEQ ID No. 49 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein, an isoform of the GS-P14 protein, is composed of 301 amino acids.
This isoform is characterized by a domain called ubiquitin, of the ubiquitin family, which are molecules involved in protein proteolysis which regulates “protein turnover” in order to control cell cycle progression.
These 2 isoforms are also characterized by an excretion signal sequence.
The sequence of this mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 90 to nucleotide 1424. A protein, GS-P16, resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 444 amino acids. It is identified under SEQ ID No. 50 in the attached sequence listing, and is called interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44).
The gene encoding a new antigen, the p44 protein, was initially isolated in chimpanzees infected with a hepatitis virus (Takahashi et al., 1990, J. Gen. Virol., 71 (Pt. 9):2005-11). It was subsequently identified in humans as being interferon-inducible (Kitamura et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 1994 Sep. 15; 224(3):877-83). To date, this protein has not been described as being involved in angiogenesis.
This mRNA, GS-N21, has a coding sequence from nucleotide 52 to nucleotide 726. A protein, GS-P17 (SEQ ID No. 51 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, composed of 224 amino acids, called peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), has thus been identified.
The peroxiredoxin 6 protein (also called antioxidant protein 2; non-selenium glutathione peroxidase; acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2,1-Cys peroxiredoxin) belongs to the growing and ubiquitous family of peroxiredoxins which are multifunctional enzymes with a peroxidase, in vitro, and, in vivo, participate in many cell processes known to be sensitive to reactive oxygen species, such as physiopathological processes including oxygen adaptation, atherosclerosis, cancer, cell differentiation (WAGNER et al., Biochem. J. (2002) 366):777-785). A recent study describes that PRDX6 is a unique nonredundant antioxidant which functions independently of the other peroxiredoxins and antioxidant proteins. PRDX6, which is highly abundant in epithelial cells, has been found in the cytosol (Wang et al., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 27, 25179-25190, Jul. 4, 2003). It has also been found in endothelial cells, only in the cytosol (Stuhlmeier et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 2003 January; 270(2):334-41).
To date, this protein has not been described as having a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 1801 to nucleotide 3933. A protein, GS-P18 (SEQ ID No. 52 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, composed of 710 amino acids and called tripartite motif protein, isoform beta, TRIM9, has thus been identified.
The TRIM9 protein belongs to a family characterized by a conserved domain, the tripartite motif (TRIM). The TRIM is composed of three zinc-binding domains, a RING(R), a B-box type 1 (B1) and a B-box type 2 (B2), followed by a coiled-coil region. These proteins share a common function through a homomultimerization, each one of them is associated with a specific compartment of the cell, the TRIM9 protein has been reported to be cytoplasmic (EMBO J. 2001 May 1; 20(9):2140-51). Interrogation of the NCBI database regarding conserved domains shows that the TRIM9 protein also contains a fibronectin type III domain, a module which is present both in extracellular and intracellular proteins. The genes of the TRIM family have been implicated in varied processes, such as cell development and growth, and oncogenesis and other pathologies (EMBO J. 2001 May 1; 20(9):2140-51; Berti et al., Mech. Dev. 2002 May; 113(2):159-62). TRIM11, for example, appears to play a role in regulation at the level of intracellular expression of a neuroprotective peptide which specifically suppresses the neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease through the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway (Niikura et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003 March; 17(6):1150-8). TRIM9 is still relatively unknown; at the current time, it has been reported that TRIM9 is mainly confined to the central nervous system.
Its role has not yet been defined and, to date, no role in the regulation of angiogenesis has been described for TRIM9.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 66 to nucleotide 2213. A protein, GS-P19 (SEQ ID No. 53 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 715 amino acids and is called MCEF protein.
The MCEF protein has been described as a new member of the family of transcription factors AF4 involved in lymphoblastic leukemias (Estable et al., J. Biomed. Sci. 2002 May-June; 9(3):234-45).
It has not yet been studied to any great degree and, to date, no role in the regulation of angiogenesis has been described for this protein.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 298 to nucleotide 2517. A protein, GS-P20 (SEQ ID No. 54 in the attached sequence listing), of 739 amino acids, called transmembrane protein 1, containing a “leucine zipper-EF-hand” domain (LETM1), has thus been identified.
The LETM1 protein contains two “EF-hand” domains, a transmembrane domain, a leucine zipper domain and several coiled-coil domains. Based on its possible calcium-binding property and on its involvement in the calcium signaling pathway, it has been suggested that this protein is involved in a mental disease, called Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, this protein being deleted in many patients suffering from this syndrome (Endele et al., Genomics. 1999 Sep. 1; 60(2):218-25). A recent study has shown that this protein has a mitochondrial localization (Schlickum et al., Genomics. 2004 February; 83(2):254-61).
To date, no role in angiogenesis has been described for this protein.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 389 to nucleotide 3097. A protein, GS-P21 (SEQ ID No. 55 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 902 amino acids and is called zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP).
The ZAP protein is a zinc finger protein of CCCH type. The role currently described for this protein concerns the prevention of retroviral infection. The expression of this ZAP protein has shown that it causes a profound and specific loss of viral mRNAs in the cytoplasm of the cell without affecting the nuclear mRNAs, suggesting a role in the inhibition of viral replication in infected cells (Gao et al., Science. 2002 Sep. 6; 297(5587):1703-6).
No other role is known at the current time, and no role in the regulation of angiogenesis has to date been described for this protein.
This mRNA, GS-N26, has a coding sequence from nucleotide 41 to nucleotide 598. A protein, GS-P22 (SEQ ID No. 56 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 185 amino acids and is called RABL5 protein.
The gene encoding the RABL5 protein has recently been described (Ota et al., Nat. Genet. 36 (1), 40-45 (2004) and the protein has been classified, by virtue of its conserved domains, as a member of the Rab GTPase family belonging to the superfamily of Ras-type GTP-binding proteins, which have emerged as regulators at the cell membrane level, in particular membrane formation, vesicular transport and fusion (reviews: Prekeris R., Scientific World Journal. 2003 Sep. 15; 3:870-80; Stenmark H and Olkkonen V M., Genome Biol. 2001; 2(5)). This superfamily comprises more than 80 highly conserved proteins which are involved in multiple intracellular signaling pathways. They function as molecular switches of signal transduction from membrane receptors, changing from a GDP-binding inactive state to a GTP-binding active state that can thus act on various effector molecules (review: Coxon F. P. and Rogers M. J., Calcif. Tissue Int. 2003 January; 72(1):80-4). The members of the Ras family have been greatly implicated in oncogenesis, either by mutation or by overexpression of the protein (review: Oxford and Theodorescu, Cancer Lett. 2003 Jan. 28; 189(2):117-28). A Rab protein has already been described in angiogenesis, said protein being called VRP (Yonekura et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Jul. 1; 27(13):2591-600).
On the other hand, the RABL5 protein still remains relatively unknown and its exact role has not yet been discovered; no role in angiogenesis has been described to date.
This sequence, GS-N26, exhibits less than 90% sequence homology with the GS-N27 and GS-N28 sequences. However, these three sequences have a conserved sequence, the antisense of which, identified in the sequence listing provided in the annex under the number SEQ ID No. 81, makes it possible to inhibit expression.
This mRNA (GS-N29) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 484 to nucleotide 792. A protein, GS-P23 (SEQ ID No. 57 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 102 amino acids. This new protein of 11 kDa (102 amino acids) has no specific domain; it is presumed to be extracellular and has a secretion signal sequence.
This mRNA (GS-N30) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 262 to nucleotide 1947. A protein, GS-P24 (SEQ ID No. 58 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 561 amino acids and is called SH3-domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2).
This protein has been identified in bladder cancer and, because of its structure, it has been suggested that it plays a role in signaling and could be a negative regulator of the abl oncogene (Bell et al., Genomics. 1997 Sep. 1; 44(2):163-70). Recently, this protein has been described as being an adaptor protein in signaling pathways by promoting the transcriptional activity of two transcription factors NFAT/AP-1 (known to be involved in transcription of the interleukin-2 gene) in T cells, through the activation of the Ras- and calcineurin-dependent pathways (Foucault et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2003 Feb. 28; 278(9):7146-53). This protein has also been described as a positive regulator of PLC-gamma tyrosine phosphorylation in basophile cells, resulting in degranultion of the latter (Sada et al., Blood. 2002 Sep. 15; 100(6):2138-44). Moreover, a mutation of this gene, that may have a role in a hereditary multilocular cystic pathology, cherubism (Ueki et al., Nat. Genet. 2001 Jun., 28(2):125-6; Lo et al., Am. J. Med. Genet., 2003 Aug. 15; 121A(1):37-40), has recently been described. To date, no role in the regulation of angiogenesis has been described for this protein.
This mRNA (GS-N31) has a coding sequence from nucleotide 19 to nucleotide 1542. A protein, GS-P25 (SEQ ID No. 59 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, has thus been identified. This protein is composed of 507 amino acids and is called FAPP2 protein.
This mRNA sequence (GS-N31) is homologous to the GS-N32 and GS-N33 sequences.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 323 to nucleotide 1441. A protein, GS-P26 (SEQ ID No. 60 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, composed of 372 amino acids and called FAPP2-like protein, has thus been identified.
The gene encoding the FAPP2 protein was identified in 2002 by Strausberg (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 (26), 16899-16903); it is highly similar, moreover, to a protein NY-BR-86 described as being a breast cancer antigen (Scanlan et al., 2001, Cancer Immun. 1,4). This protein has a conserved glycolipid transfer domain and a pleckstrin homology domain. This domain is shared by a group of new proteins which have binding specificities with phorphorylated derivatives of inositol. These proteins are described as possibly being adaptor proteins since they do not have catalytic domains. These molecules may be key mediators of cell responses which are specifically regulated by second messenger (the phosphorylated derivative of inositol) (Dowler et al., Biochem. J. (2000) 351, 19-31).
The exact role of FAPP2 is not yet known; its role in angiogenesis has not yet been described to date.
This mRNA sequence (GS-N32) is homologous to the GS-N31 and GS-N33 sequences.
This mRNA has a coding sequence from nucleotide 92 to nucleotide 1414. A protein, GS-P27 (SEQ ID No. 61 in the attached sequence listing), resulting from the translation of this mRNA, composed of 440 amino acids, and called proliferation potential-related protein, has thus been identified.
This mRNA sequence (GS-N33) is homologous to the GS-N31 and GS-N32 sequences.
The expression of the mRNAs identified above is observed in endothelial cells which form capillary tubes. The applicant has therefore demonstrated that differential expression of the gene corresponding to each of these mRNAs accompanies the formation of neovessels by endothelial cells (table II).
It thus appears that a direct correlation exists between the expression of each of the genes GS-N1 to GS-N34 and the angiogenic state of endothelial cells.
Furthermore, the functional role of these genes in the formation of neovessels by human endothelial cells has also been shown.
Specifically, an antisense oligonucleotide specific for each of the identified genes, chosen from the oligonucleotides identified by the sequences SEQ ID No. 62 to SEQ ID No. 86 in the attached sequence listing, was introduced into the expression vector pCI-neo Vector in the antisense orientation.
The resulting vectors, called GS-V1 to GS-V23, identified by their sequences SEQ ID No. 87 to SEQ ID No. 109 in the attached sequence listing, were used to repress the expression of the gene encoding this mRNA in human endothelial cells following transfection of the latter with this vector.
The human endothelial cells were then stimulated with angiogenic factors.
The results obtained for each of the sequences illustrated below, using the antisense sequences and the corresponding vectors, indicated in table III, show that:
These results are illustrated in the corresponding attached
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0500217 | Jan 2005 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2006/000048 | 1/10/2006 | WO | 00 | 8/6/2007 |
