Patent Grant
8790155
1. Field of the Disclosure
The present invention relates to a grinding machine for grinding a workpiece, in particular cams, and to a method for grinding a workpiece, in particular cams, on a holder.
2. Description of Related Art
Grinding machines of this type are known, for example, from the brochure “CamGrind—Produktionslösungen für das Schleifen von Nockenwellen” [CamGrind—Production Solutions for the Grinding of Camshafts] from Studer Schaudt GmbH, Stuttgart, dated October 2006. In this publication, for example, the models “CamGrind S” and “CamGrind L” have grinding devices which consist of a large grinding wheel and of a small grinding wheel and are designed in particular for grinding camshafts. With the large grinding wheel, first of all the cams are pre-ground and the bearing seats machined with high productive capacity while the small grinding wheel serves to finish grind the cam shapes or also to grind the bearing seats. For the machining of the camshaft, said camshaft is arranged on a workholding device which has a work headstock on one side, said work headstock setting the camshaft in the desired rotation about the longitudinal axis thereof, and a tailstock on the other side, said tailstock ensuring that the camshaft is always oriented and centered during the machining. Compared with said, as a rule stationary, components of the workholding device, the grinding wheels or the corresponding grinding spindles are movable relative to the camshaft within the x-z plane.
Where the axes or directions x and z are referred to above or below, this always means the two axes which define the plane which forms the machine bed. In this case, the z-axis extends parallel to the longitudinal extent of the workpiece, here, for example, the camshaft, and the x-axis extends as an axis perpendicular thereto, which therefore corresponds to a movement of a tool towards or away from the corresponding workpiece from the side. Furthermore, the direction perpendicular to the x- and z-axes is designated as the y-axis or y-direction. It consequently runs perpendicularly to the machine bed.
The grinding of the cams directly on the shaft is carried out for the purpose of accuracy so that the cams are formed exactly with respect to the shaft. Compared with said established method, however, the grinding of individual cams is also being increasingly used, since manufacturers of camshafts have in the meantime been successful in being able to join the individual cams to a shaft in a very exact manner. In this case, the exact grinding of the individual cams takes place individually or as groups of a plurality of cams which are usually machined on a work fixture, as a rule a mounting arbor, in a grinding machine.
In the grinding and machining operations with the known grinding machines mentioned at the beginning, burr always accumulates along edges of the ground workpiece, for example, the cams. Said burr is basically undesirable for further use of the ground workpieces, and therefore said burr is removed in separate installations, for example high-pressure deburring installations or brushing stations. For this purpose, the ground device is removed from the grinding machine and inserted into said separate installations such that the workpieces can be further machined there. This therefore has the consequence of an additional machining step with additional machining time and repeated clamping of the workpiece, and, furthermore, has the disadvantage that a separate, further device/machine has to be purchased and provided for production purpose. In addition to the space requirement associated therewith, this also has a negative effect on the economic aspects of the production, since, in addition to additional maintenance and service costs, separate installations of this type also have relatively high capital costs.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a grinding machine for grinding a workpiece and a method for grinding a workpiece, in which either the formation of burrs is avoided or deburring is made possible within the same grinding machine during or after the grinding operation.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a grinding machine for grinding a workpiece, in particular cams is provided, with a machine bed, a grinding wheel which has a profile with a grinding region running substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and at least one profile section which does not run parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, a grinding spindle on which the at least one grinding wheel is arranged and which is arranged movably on the machine bed, a control unit for controlling the grinding process, wherein the control unit is configured in such a manner that, with reference to position information on positions of edges of the workpiece in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the workpiece, the edges of the workpiece are successively deburred or chamfered by the at least one profile section of the grinding wheel during or after the grinding of the workpiece, in particular toward the end of the grinding of the workpiece.
The combination of the profiled grinding wheels according to the invention with the control unit according to the invention has the advantage that, during the grinding operation, preferably toward the end of said grinding operation, the corresponding oblique profile section, which does not run parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, reaches the edge of the ground workpiece and, depending on the positioning of the grinding wheel, mechanically removes the burr from said edge or else chamfers the edge of the workpiece. In order to make this possible, the positions of the workpieces and the edges thereof are precisely ascertained beforehand such that the alignment of the grinding wheels along the workpieces can be set optimally for said deburring or chamfering steps.
This makes it possible for the workpiece to be received in this grinding machine according to the invention in the form of a product ready for packaging. An additional transfer into a further deburring device is not necessary. This device also makes it possible already to carry out the deburring in the final sections of the grinding process, and therefore the loss of time due to the deburring is further minimized. In this case, it is then no longer necessary to introduce an extra deburring step, since this is already part of the overall grinding process.
In a further refinement of the invention, the grinding wheel has a roof profile with two profile sections which do not run parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and between which a grinding region running substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is arranged.
The expression “roof profile” refers in this case to a depression which can be recognized in the grinding material in the cross section of a grinding wheel which intersects the grinding wheel in a plane which contains both the axis of rotation thereof and a radius. Said depression runs in such a manner that, as viewed from one edge of the grinding wheel parallel to the axis of rotation in the direction of the other edge of the grinding wheel, there is in each case a larger radius of the grinding wheel at the front and the rear than in a region lying inbetween, said regions being connected to one another by a transition which does not run parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, and therefore the resulting cross-sectional profile resembles the shape of a roof.
The provision of the grinding wheel with two profile sections which do not run parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, thus producing the shape of a roof profile in cross section, has the advantage that therefore two, in particular outer, edges of a workpiece, in particular cams, can be deburred or chamfered. For this purpose, different displacement positions of the grinding wheels along the z-axis are necessary such that it is possible for the first edge of the workpiece to be machined in one displacement position and for the second edge of the workpiece to be machined in a second displacement position. For this purpose, the control unit is configured in such a manner that it sets both the one and the other displacement position for the grinding wheel with reference to the position information on the positions of the edges of the workpiece. By means of the grinding wheels with the roof profile and with the control unit according to the invention, both the grinding of a workpiece, in particular a cam, and the deburring or chamfering of two edges of a workpiece can be carried out in one grinding process.
In a further refinement of the invention, the at least one profile section is designed in such a manner that the distance from the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel of every point in the profile is reduced along the extent of the profile section toward the apex point. This refinement has the advantage that the grinding region of the grinding wheel, which grinding region is generally arranged in the central region, lies closer to the axis of rotation than the outer edges of the at least one profile section, and therefore, upon moving of the grinding wheel in the direction of the z-axis while simultaneously maintaining contact of the grinding region with the workpiece, the at least one profile section ultimately comes into contact with the edge of the workpiece to be ground. As a result, this at least one profile section can then remove burr which is correspondingly present and/or can chamfer the available edge of the workpiece.
In a further refinement of the invention, the grinding machine has a data input for receiving the position information. The provision by the grinding machine of a data input for receiving the position information has the advantage that it is therefore possible to directly transmit the determined position data of the workpieces into the grinding machine where said position data are then automatically available to the control unit. A complicated inputting or transmitting of the data in another way is therefore not necessary, thus permitting a greater throughput rate and automation.
In a further refinement of the invention, the grinding machine has a measuring device for determining the position information. This has the advantage that the workpieces to be machined do not additionally have to be transferred into a separate device in order to be measured there, whereupon the data then have to be adapted and transmitted. The measuring device is accordingly also adapted to the spatial conditions within the grinding machine and makes it possible to ascertain the corresponding positions in a form suitable therefor.
In a further refinement of the invention, the measuring device is configured for determining the position information contactlessly, in particular by distance analysis by means of laser or an initiator. This has the advantage that said position or distance determination proceeds comparatively rapidly. By contrast, mechanical scanning of the workpieces would be very slow. It is thus possible, for example, for a laser to determine all of the necessary position data, by simple, rapid moving overall scanning of the workpieces to be machined, in the subsecond range.
In a further refinement of the invention, the workpieces are held on a holder, and the measuring device is configured for determining at least a first position relative to a longitudinal stop of the holder of the workpieces. This is advantageous to the effect that there is always a fixed mechanical reference by which the workpiece or the workpiece holder can be aligned upon clamping into the grinding machine. For this purpose, said longitudinal stop is positioned, for example, at a fixed, mechanically predetermined location in the grinding machine, thus making it possible to see, in consequence, the determined positions and the distance from said fixed mechanical stop in the machine. A further ascertaining of the position of the workpieces within the grinding machine in addition to the relative position data is superfluous, which also further simplifies the grinding process.
In a further refinement of the invention, the measuring device is configured for determining all of the positions relative to the longitudinal stop of the holder of the workpieces. This ascertaining of the position has the advantage, for the grinding process, that the control unit according to the invention thus has absolute data on all of the workpieces, and therefore each workpiece can be delivered individually, which increases the flexibility of the grinding machine according to the invention in the form of the possible grinding processes thereof.
In an alternative refinement, the measuring device is configured for determining the remaining positions relative to one another. The relative position information is advantageous for the grinding process of the grinding machine according to the invention when the control unit according to the invention activates the grinding machine or the corresponding grinding wheels in such a manner than the workpieces are to be machined successively. For this purpose, the grinding machine then only requires data concerning how the grinding machine moves from one workpiece to the next. No further calculations are necessary here, and therefore the grinding wheels or grinding spindles can simply be displaced with reference to the position data in the form of relative information.
In a further refinement of the invention, the measuring device is arranged outside an interior space of the grinding machine. The arrangement in particular as a separate device away from the grinding devices has the advantage that the measuring operation for determining the position information can take place as a time-neutral element during the entire grinding process sequence. This is because the measuring or the determining of the position information of a workpiece, for example, a camshaft, can take place at the same time as a continuing grinding operation within the grinding machine. If the grinding operation is then finished, the workpiece which has in the meantime already been measured can then be directly inserted into the grinding machine which is now ready again and can be ground and machined with reference to the position information determined in parallel. There is therefore no non-productive time, in which the grinding machine cannot be operated because the workpieces are being measured.
In another refinement of the invention, the measuring device is arranged within an interior space of the grinding machine. This has the advantage that there is therefore no additional space requirement outside the machine. Both the measuring device and the grinding machine are arranged in a space in the grinding machine, wherein the measuring device in particular determines the position information on a workpiece which is already clamped in the grinding machine. This minimizes the errors which may occur during the transfer of the workpieces from an external measuring device into the grinding machine since the position information relates here directly to the position within the grinding machine and are not relative details for a certain section of the workpiece that, for example in the event of erroneous insertion into the grinding machine, may result in wrong positions.
In a further refinement of the invention, the control unit is configured in such a manner that the edges of the workpiece are deburred or chamfered by the at least one profile section of the grinding wheel only after 50 to 95%, in particular after 60 to 80%, of the entire machining time. The advantage of this refinement of the control unit according to the invention resides in the fact that the general grinding operation can thus first of all take place with the grinding region of the grinding wheel without having an additional interaction between the obliquely running profile sections and the workpiece. Such an interaction mainly also signifies a greater loading for the corresponding, obliquely running profile sections and, consequently, a greater abrasion of material and wear at the grinding wheel. Since the arranging of the at least one profile section at the edge of the workpiece to be ground in particular involves removing burr which has been produced, or chamfering said edge, a relatively short contact between the at least one profile section and the corresponding edge of the workpiece is therefore sufficient.
Accordingly, in the preferred refinement of the grinding wheel with the roof profile, the workpiece is preferably first of all positioned in the central region of the grinding wheel, i.e. in the grinding region, without there being an interaction between the obliquely running profile sections and the edges. The deburring or chamfering step therefore advantageously takes place only toward the end of the entire grinding process. However, it still remains part of the normal grinding operation, since the grinding region continues to remain in contact with the workpiece.
In another aspect of the present invention a method for grinding a workpiece, in particular cams, on a holder with a grinding machine according to the present invention is provided.
This method contains the following steps according to the invention:
In a preferred refinement of said method according to the invention, said method also contains the following further step:
Said method makes it possible to optimally use the grinding machine according to the invention that is mentioned at the beginning. For this purpose, the position of the workpieces has to be exactly ascertained. With the aid of said position information, the grinding wheels are then directly activated such that the latter are optimally aligned for the general grinding operation and, toward the end of the grinding operation of a workpiece, are moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the holder of the at least one workpiece, i.e. in the direction of the z-axis, in such a manner that the oblique profile sections deburr or chamfer one edge of the workpiece and preferably also a further edge thereof.
According to the explanations provided at the beginning, this has the significant advantage that the deburring or chamfering can take place within one and the same machine and, furthermore, even takes place in time as a final measure within the actual grinding operation. Thus, ultimately not only is time saved as a result of the fact that the workpiece does not have to be transferred into a further machine, but also as a result of the fact that the deburring or chamfering step proceeds as part of the actual grinding operation. In other words, virtually the entire time for an additional deburring or chamfering step is therefore dispensed with. This therefore has a positive effect on the production time and costs and on the economy of the method as a whole.
It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those which have yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively stated combination but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to selected exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which:
a and 4b show a side view of a grinding spindle set according to the invention with the grinding spindle positions which differ in each case,
a to 8c show cutaway detailed views of different positioning of a small grinding wheel with a roof profile for deburring or chamfering a workpiece,
a and 10b show a further side view of a grinding spindle set according to the invention with the grinding spindles each in different positions.
A grinding machine which is described in more detail below is designated overall below by the reference number 10. It can be seen in
Said camshaft 22, or in general the workpiece 20, can be rotated about the longitudinal axis 24 thereof by the work headstock 16 and tailstock 18 and, during said movement, is machined or ground according to generally known methods by the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ which are movable laterally along the x- and z-axis.
In the present case, the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ are both of identical construction. The respective construction thereof is illustrated by way of example in
Owing to the identical construction of the grinding spindle set 14 and grinding spindle set 14′, the same reference numbers merely differentiated in each case by a prime are used for the components of both. Accordingly, even if not explicitly mentioned each time, the features for a component of the grinding spindle set 14 also apply to the corresponding component of the other grinding spindle set 14′ and vice versa, unless otherwise stated.
The grinding spindle set 14 consists of a first grinding spindle 26 and a second grinding spindle 28, which in this case is smaller. Said grinding spindles respectively consist of a spindle block 30 and 32 and of a grinding wheel 34 and 36, each arranged on grinding wheel fixtures 35 and 37 of the grinding spindles 26 and 28. In the present case, owing to the size ratios, the grinding wheel 34 is configured as a large grinding wheel and the grinding wheel 36 is configured as a comparatively small grinding wheel.
Of course, despite said selected size ratios, other size ratios are also conceivable, and therefore the grinding spindle 28 with the grinding wheel 36 may be configured to be larger than or the same size as the grinding spindle 26 with the grinding wheel 34.
The grinding spindle 28 is aligned with respect to the grinding spindle 26 in such a manner that the grinding wheels 36 and 34 come to lie one above the other, according to the view of
Owing to this configuration, it is possible to pivot the grinding spindle 28 with the grinding wheel 36 about the axis of rotation 46 of the grinding spindle 26 via the sleeve 42 and the holder 44. Said pivoting is carried out by means of a drive unit (not shown specifically here) which can be selected, configured and arranged to the knowledge of a person skilled in the art in this field of grinding machines in order to obtain a desired functionality of said pivoting capability. By way of example, pneumatic and hydraulic drives or else drives via gearwheels or belts should be mentioned at this juncture.
In order to protect the grinding wheel 34, the latter, as can be seen in particular in
The protective flap 47 can likewise be pivoted and rotated about the axis of rotation 46 by being mounted rotatably on a shaft 50. In order to simultaneously pivot the grinding spindle 28 and the protective flap 47, the latter is connected via a web 52 to the support 40, in particular to the holder 44 in the present exemplary embodiment. By means of this operative connection, during a pivoting movement of the grinding spindle 28 about the axis of rotation 46 of the grinding spindle 26, the protective flap 47 is likewise pivoted at the same time such that that region of the grinding wheel 34 which faces the observer in
It can also be seen in the view of
This arrangement of a large grinding wheel 34 for pre-grinding a camshaft 22 and of a small grinding spindle 28 with the grinding wheel 36 which small grinding spindle is arranged pivotably on the grinding spindle 26 of the large grinding wheel 34, has the advantage that a significant saving in space is obtained by means of this combination. The advantages arising by means of the arrangement of the grinding wheels 36 and 34 within the previously mentioned common spindle plane, which runs perpendicularly to a direction of the z-axis, will be described in more detail below.
a and 4b once again clarify the principle of the pivotable small grinding wheel 36 in relation to the large grinding wheel 34.
This rotation ends in the position (illustrated in
If the large grinding wheel 34 is intended to be used again for grinding operations, the small grinding wheel 36 with the grinding spindle 28 may, of course, be pivoted back again in a reverse manner corresponding to what has been stated above such that again, according to the pivoting movement, indicated by the double arrow 50, the small grinding wheel 36 takes up a position above the large grinding wheel 34, as illustrated in
a and 10b likewise illustrate an embodiment of the grinding machine 10 according to
As has already been mentioned at the beginning, the grinding machine according to the invention is suitable in particular for simultaneously grinding or machining workpieces arranged closely adjacent on a holder, for example, in the exemplary embodiments illustrated here in
To this end, the exemplary embodiment of
During this process of pre-grinding the cams 48′ and 48″, the large grinding wheels 34 and 34′ can move towards each other apart from a few mm in the direction of the z-axis. As a result, simultaneous pre-grinding of said pair of cams 52, which is formed from the cams 48′ and 48″, is made possible. In the case of the abovementioned moving together in the direction of the z-axis, the minimum distance between the two grinding wheels 34 and 34′ is predetermined merely by the width of the protection flaps 47 and 47′.
If the pre-grinding operation by the large grinding wheels 34 and 34′ is ended, the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ can be spaced apart from the camshaft 22 in the direction of the x-axis, whereupon the grinding spindles 28 and 28′ are pivoted with the small grinding wheels 36 and 36′, according to the explanations provided above, about the axes of rotation 46 and 46′ of the grinding spindles 26 and 26′ such that the grinding wheels 36 and 36′ come to lie at a height above the machine bed or are correspondingly spaced apart therefrom, and therefore the grinding wheels 36 and 36′ can now be used for machining the workpieces 20, i.e. the cams 48′ and 48″ here.
In this case too, the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′, therefore also the grinding wheels 36 and 36′, are again correspondingly aligned in the direction of the z-axis and therefore said grinding wheels 36 and 36′ come to lie relatively close to each other in order to be able further to process or grind a corresponding pair of cams 52, here the cams 48′ and 48″. This positioning is clarified in
It is seen here that, from the view of the observer in
By means of this arrangement between the camshaft 22 and the grinding spindles 26 and 26′, and with the grinding wheels 36 and 36′ in a plane parallel to the direction of the z-axis together with the corresponding large grinding wheels 34 and 34′, it is also possible here to simultaneously machine a pair of cams 52.
It goes without saying that the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ are also aligned here in the direction of the x-axis in accordance with known methods and with corresponding parameters in such a manner that the grinding wheels 36 and 36′ also always have the necessary and desired contact with the workpieces 20, here the cams 48′ and 48″, so that successful machining and grinding are achieved.
In addition to the exemplary embodiments illustrated here in
This alignment by means of the longitudinal stop 56 can therefore be used to ascertain the position of the cams 48 on the shaft 54 precisely relative to said longitudinal stop 56 up to a few μm. This ascertaining can be carried out so as to determine position information of the cams 48 relating to the longitudinal stop 56 or also such that a corresponding cam 48 is described in the position thereof such that the position information refers to a preceding cam 48 on the shaft 54. For example, the position of a cam 48″ from
The devices necessary for determining and processing the position information are shown in
By contrast, the other alternative with the arrangement of the measuring device 90 within the grinding machine 10 has the advantage of not requiring any additional space outside the grinding machine 10. In addition, errors which may occur during the clamping of the camshaft 22 into the grinding machine 10 and by means of which displacement of the previously determined position may arise are avoided.
According to the invention, the determining of the position by the measuring device 90 can preferably be carried out by contactless methods, in particular by lasers or initiators. Furthermore, however, other methods of contactless and contacting measurement of the workpieces, for example mechanical scanning methods, that are known to a person skilled in the art in this field, are, of course, also conceivable.
The data determined by the measuring device 90 are relayed to a data input 92 of the grinding machine 10, as indicated schematically by the arrow 91. Then, as indicated schematically by the arrow 93, the data pass from the data input 92 into a data processing means 94 of the grinding machine 10. The data processing means 94 edits the data in accordance with methods known to a person skilled in the art in this field and subsequently supplies said data to a control unit 96, as indicated by the arrow 95. The control unit 96 serves for the direct control of the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′. This includes both the moving of the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ on the machine bed 12 and, according to the explanations provided previously, the positioning of the grinding spindles 28 and 28′ by pivoting and the operation of the grinding wheels 34, 34′, 36 and 36′. The control of the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ by the control unit 96 is indicated schematically in
The ascertaining of the position information on the individual cams 48 of the camshaft 22 is firstly advantageous to the effect that, owing to said position information, the grinding spindle sets 14 and 14′ can be aligned by a control unit (not shown specifically here) in such a manner that grinding of the cams 48, as has been indicated, for example, by
Furthermore, owing to said exact position information, deburring or chamfering of the workpieces 20, here the cams 48, is made possible, as described in more detail below in conjunction with
a shows a grinding wheel 58 which constitutes a particular embodiment of the small grinding wheels 36 and 36′. Said grinding wheel 58 is aligned with a workpiece 60, for example a cam 48, for machining thereof. As can be seen in
Said roof profile 64, because of the grinding material 62, therefore has a grinding region 74, which coincides with the inner end 68, and the obliquely running profile sections 70 and 72, which are suitable for deburring and chamfering, as is described in more detail below.
It goes without saying that, in addition to the explanation provided above with respect to the roof profile 64 which can be seen in
If the finished grinding of a workpiece 60, for example a cam 48, is intended to be carried out with such a grinding wheel 58 analogously to the small grinding wheels 36, said grinding wheel 58 is first of all aligned with the workpiece 60 in such a manner that the latter is machined preferably exclusively by the grinding region 74. This positioning is illustrated by way of example in
During the grinding operation with the grinding region 74, a certain amount of burr (not shown specifically here) frequently forms on the edges 76′ and 76″ of the workpiece 60.
If the grinding wheel 58 is now moved in a direction of the z-axis, illustrated here by way of example by the arrow 78, the transition from the grinding region 74 into the profile section 70 strikes in the region of an apex point 80 against the corresponding burr-effected edge 76′ of the workpiece 60. This positioning is illustrated by way of example in
Consequently, further grinding with the grinding region 74 therefore takes place at the same time as the deburring or chamfering of the edge 76′ by the profile section 70. After the deburring or chamfering operation on the edge 76′ is ended, the grinding wheel 58 is moved, as before, in the opposite direction, which is indicated in
Given this positioning of the grinding wheel 58 on the workpiece 60, then, corresponding to the explanations provided previously in conjunction with
In order to be able to exactly carry out said deburring and/or chamfering, it is necessary for the abovementioned position information on the workpieces 60, i.e. for example, the cams 48, to be present with as high a degree of accuracy as possible, since, firstly, the distances from the apex points 80 and 84 during the actual grinding operation are comparatively small, corresponding to
It goes without saying that, despite the explanations provided previously, movement of the grinding wheel 58 in a reverse sequence, i.e. first in the direction of the arrow 82 and then in the direction of the arrow 78, also lies within the context of this invention and leads in an analogous manner to the same results.
According to the explanations provided previously in conjunction with, in particular,
By means of this method, the deburring and/or chamfering can be carried out in a time-neutral manner in the grinding machine 10, as a result of which an additional step, which generally requires a further machine, for deburring and/or chamfering the workpieces 60, as has been carried out hitherto, is dispensed with.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2009 051 586 | Oct 2009 | DE | national |
The present application claims the benefit of the earlier filing date of DE 10 2009 051 586.0 filed in the German Patent and Trademark Office on Oct. 20, 2009 and is continuation application of the international patent application PCT/EP 2010/065468 filed on Oct. 14, 2010, the entire content of which applications is incorporated herein by reference.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 4907374 | Brill | Mar 1990 | A |
| 5259150 | Himmelsbach | Nov 1993 | A |
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| 20110009031 | Honegger et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
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| 37 24 698 | Feb 1989 | DE |
| 41 03 090 | Aug 1992 | DE |
| 102 05 212 | Aug 2003 | DE |
| 2 106 880 | Oct 2009 | EP |
| 2 208 275 | Mar 1989 | GB |
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| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report with Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, dated Mar. 18, 2011, corresponding to PCT/EP2010/065468, 10 pages. |
| Studer Schaudt GmbH, “Cam-Grind—Production Solutions for the Grinding of Camshafts,” Stuttgart, Oct. 2006, 23 pages. |
| Studer Schaudt GmbH, “The range—Your application defines the solution,” Stuttgart, 8 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20120252316 A1 | Oct 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP2010/065468 | Oct 2010 | US |
| Child | 13452499 | US |
