Patent Application
20130221024
This invention relates to a halogen-containing gas supply apparatus and a halogen-containing gas supply method.
The halogen gas plays important roles as a board etching process gas in manufacturing semiconductor devices, MEMS devices, TFT panels for liquid crystal, and semiconductors for solar cells or a cleaning process gas for thin-film deposition apparatuses such as CVD apparatuses.
To supply halogen gas, there exists a method of supplying halogen gas from a cylinder filled with halogen gas at high pressure. The high-pressure halogen gas in the cylinder is supplied to a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus through a valve for introducing the gas.
Increasing the filling pressure for halogen gas to reduce the frequency of replacement of cylinders leads to reduction in workload or transport cost for the cylinders. In addition, highly concentrated halogen gas leads to efficient cleaning process. For these reasons, desired is filling a cylinder with halogen gas at high pressure and high concentration.
The halogen gas is highly reactive; it is not easy to handle this gas for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. It is desired to develop a container valve suitable for fluorine gas, which is especially highly reactive.
JP 2005-207480 A discloses a container valve that supplies highly concentrated fluorine gas at high pressure to a semiconductor manufacturing system.
JP 2005-188672 A discloses a direct diaphragm valve used as a container valve to supply semiconductor material gas or purge gas used in the semiconductor industry, standard gas, or high-purity gas such as carrier gas. This valve is configured to minimize the dead space allowing the gas to stay by removing obstacles from the gas passage so as to improve gas exchange performance such as vacuum evacuation performance and purge performance.
JP 2000-291500 A discloses a valve having a rubber sealing in a part recessed from a flame passage to cope with burn of the rubber sealing and degradation in sealing function in the sealing part of the valve.
JP Utility Model H05-62704 A discloses a linear servo valve which is devised to air-cool a coil and a bobbin for opening and closing the valve seat to prevent burn of the coil and insulation deterioration.
The container valve disclosed in JP 2005-207480 A is, however, a valve that opens and closes the gas passage with a sheet disc to seal the air from the outside with a diaphragm; accordingly, a dead space allowing the gas to stay in the valve chest is large.
JP 2005-188672 A discloses that polishing the interior of the valve to prevent gas molecules such as moisture and particles from sticking to the gas contact surface. However, it does not specifically describe the part or the shape to be polished or grinded in detail. It does not mention the applicability to fluorine gas or fluoride gas, either.
When a traditional valve handles high pressure and high concentrated fluorine gas, the temperature in the valve chest goes up to cause problems such as surface corrosion inside the valve chest and deterioration of a seal in the chest. Furthermore, if the seal is made of a resin material, there exists a problem that the resin material is burnt by the fluorine gas. This problem applies to the case handling supporting gas, such as O2 and NO.
The valve according to JP 2000-291500 A is to cope with backfire; it cannot be applied to high pressure and high concentrated fluorine gas. The linear servo valve according to JP Utility Model H05-62704 A is devised to air-cool the coil and bobbin; it cannot be applied to high pressure and high concentrated fluorine gas, either.
When introducing a highly corrosive halogen gas such as fluorine gas through a supply valve from a container filled with the halogen gas at high pressure, the halogen gas is easy to raise the temperature inside an introduction valve provided on the introduction side and to cause surface corrosion inside the valve chest and deterioration of a seal of the introduction valve.
This invention is made to overcome the aforementioned problems; it aims to inhibit increase in temperature in the valve chest of the introduction valve for directing halogen-containing gas to an external apparatus and to inhibit surface corrosion in the valve chest of the introduction valve and deterioration of the seal used in the introduction valve.
An aspect of the invention is a halogen-containing gas supply apparatus for supplying a halogen-containing gas from a container filled with the halogen-containing gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus, the halogen-containing gas supply apparatus including: a supply tube connecting the container and the external apparatus; a supply valve attached to the supply tube to supply the halogen-containing gas from the container; and a shock wave prevention mechanism installed downstream of the supply valve to prevent generation of a shock wave.
An aspect of the invention provides halogen-containing gas to an external apparatus through a shock wave prevention mechanism, thereby inhibiting increase in temperature in the valve chest of the introduction valve for directing halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus and surface corrosion in the valve chest of the introduction valve and deterioration of the seal used in the introduction valve.
Hereinafter, embodiments of this invention will be described.
First, a halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in a first embodiment of this invention is described.
A halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the first embodiment supplies a halogen-containing gas from a container filled with the halogen-containing gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus; the halogen-containing gas supply apparatus includes a supply tube connecting the container and the external apparatus, a supply valve attached to the supply tube to supply the halogen-containing gas from the container, and a shock wave prevention mechanism installed downstream of the supply valve to prevent generation of a shock wave.
The external apparatus may be a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor devices, MEMS devices, TFT panels for liquid crystal, or semiconductors used in solar cells. The halogen-containing gas is used as cleaning process gas or etching process gas in manufacturing semiconductors.
Hereinbelow, with reference to
A container 1 filled with halogen-containing gas at high pressure has an on-off valve 2 and can enclose the high-pressure gas tightly. The container 1 and the external apparatus 101 are connected by a supply tube 4. To the supply tube 4, a supply valve 3 is attached to supply halogen-containing gas from the container 1. The container 1 and the supply valve 3 can form a supply apparatus for supplying halogen-containing gas. Downstream of the supply valve 3, a shock wave prevention mechanism 50 is installed to prevent generation of a shock wave. Downstream of the shock wave prevention mechanism 50, an introduction valve 100 is installed to introduce the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus 101. The introduction valve 100 may be installed inside the external apparatus 101 or inside the halogen-gas containing gas supply apparatus.
The supply valve 3 is opened to supply the halogen-containing gas in the container 1 to the external apparatus 101 via the shock wave prevention mechanism 50 and the introduction valve 100. The container 1 may be used singularly or a plurality of containers coupled in parallel may be used for it. The number of containers 1 is not particularly limited.
The container 1 may have any structure if it has gas tightness enough to keep a high pressure of at least 5 MPaG or more and is able to discharge halogen-containing gas with the on-off valve 2. Desirably, it is preferable to have gas tightness to keep a high pressure of 20 MPaG or more.
For the material of the container 1, one having corrosion-resistance to the contained halogen gas is preferred, for example, manganese steel, stainless steel, or a nickel alloy (such as Hastelloy, Inconel, and Monel).
The halogen in the halogen-containing gas is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine; alternatively, it may be a mixture of two or more kinds of them.
The halogen-containing gas may be any kind of gas if it contains a halogen: it may be a mixture of one of the halogen gases of fluorine gas, chlorine gas, bromine gas, and iodine gas or a halogen compound gas such as NF3, BF3, ClF, ClF3, or IF7 and an inactive gas such as N2 Ar, or He. Alternatively, it may be a mixture of an inactive gas and a mixed gas of a halogen gas and a halogen compound gas.
The concentration of the halogen gas or the halogen compound gas in the halogen-containing gas are not particularly limited; for example, the concentration of at least any one of fluorine gas, chlorine gas, bromine gas, iodine gas, NF3 gas, BF3 gas, ClF gas, ClF3 gas, and IF7 gas may range from 0.1 vol % to 100 vol %.
The filling pressure for the halogen-containing gas is preferably 5 MPaG to 20 MPaG. At a pressure lower than 5 MPaG, the temperature inside the introduction valve 100 located on the introduction side is hard to increase; the surface inside the introduction valve 100 is hard to corrode; and a seal used in the introduction valve 100 is hard to deteriorate. On the other hand, a pressure higher than 20 MPaG is not preferable because this invention can eliminate the temperature inside the introduction valve 100 from increased but the gas contact surface is easily corroded by the halogen gas.
When halogen-containing gas is supplied by the supply valve 3 and the velocity of movement of the supplied gas reaches a certain level, a shock wave is generated. In general, the velocity to generate this shock wave is denoted in Mach number expressed by the following formula (1):
Mach number (M)=Velocity of the fluid(V)/Speed of sound (a) (1)
Here, the speed of sound (a) in a gas is expressed by the following formula (2) using the specific heat ratio of the gas (K), the gas constant (R), the temperature of the gas (T), and the average molecular weight of the gas (M):
a=√{square root over (κRT/M)} (2)
If the Mach number of the gas velocity obtained by the above formulae (1) and (2) is 0.7 or more and less than 1.2, a shock wave might be generated depending on the diameter and the length of the duct for conveying the gas. If the Mach number of the gas velocity is 1.2 or more, a shock wave is generated because of the movement of the gas.
Accordingly, to prevent generation of a shock wave because of movement of gas, it is necessary to reduce the velocity of movement of the gas to less than Mach number 0.7.
Specifically, if the halogen-containing gas is 100% fluorine gas, generation of a shock wave can be prevented by controlling the velocity of movement of the gas at less than 211.48 m/s since the speed of sound at 25° C. is 302.12 m/s.
In addition, since a shock wave generated by movement of gas has high rectilinearity in propagation, changing the direction of movement of the gas helps the generated shock wave disperse to inhibit growth of the shock wave.
The shock wave prevention mechanism 50 is a shock wave inhibition mechanism for inhibiting generation of a shock wave or a shock wave attenuation mechanism for attenuating a generated shock wave noting the above-described nature of the shock wave.
Specific examples of shock wave inhibition mechanism for inhibiting generation of shock wave are provided below.
The first shock wave inhibition mechanism has a structure for limiting the gas flow: for example, a valve, a straight tube, or an orifice. With this mechanism, the velocity of movement of the gas is reduced downstream of the point limiting the gas flow; accordingly, generation of shock wave can be inhibited.
The second shock wave inhibition mechanism includes, in addition to the first shock wave inhibition mechanism, a bypass tube bypassing the structural part for limiting the gas flow and an on-off valve attached to the bypass tube. With this mechanism, the entire shock wave inhibition mechanism is first charged with the gas from the structural part for limiting the gas flow at a speed as slow as shock wave will not be generated; then, the on-off valve is opened for the gas to flow through the bypass tube. Accordingly, when the gas is supplied to the external apparatus, the gas is also flowing in the bypass tube, so that the volume of flow to be supplied is increased.
Next, specific examples of shock wave attenuation mechanism for attenuating a generated shock wave are provided below.
The first shock wave attenuation mechanism is a mechanism including a coiled duct. Since the duct in this mechanism is coil-shaped, the gas does not flow straight through the duct. Accordingly, growth of the shock wave in the duct is inhibited so that the shock wave attenuates.
The second shock wave attenuation mechanism is a mechanism including a baffle installed in the duct. Since this mechanism discontinuously changes the direction of gas flow, growth of the shock wave in the duct is inhibited so that the shock wave attenuates.
The structure of the shock wave prevention mechanism employed in this invention is not particularly limited if it includes a mechanism for inhibiting generation of shock wave or attenuating the generated shock wave based on the above-described nature of shock wave.
Opening the supply valve 3 to supply high-pressure halogen-containing gas is easy to cause increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100 for introducing the halogen-containing gas to the external device 101, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of a seal used in the introduction valve 100. This is presumed because the opening the supply valve 3 causes generation of a shock wave in the supply tube 4 for conveying halogen-containing gas and the generated shock wave grows in the process of propagation to reach the introduction valve 100, so that the temperature inside the introduction tube 100 increases. Therefore, the first embodiment supplies halogen-containing gas to the introduction valve 100 via the shock wave prevention mechanism 50 to inhibit generation or the growth of a shock wave between the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100. This approach inhibits increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion inside the chest, and deterioration of the seal in the introduction valve 100.
Hereinafter, examples of the first embodiment are described.
The shock wave prevention mechanism 50 is a spiral tube as shown in
All the valves except for the on-off valve 2 of the container 1 are opened and the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum, then all the valves are closed. Thereafter, the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Next, the supply valve 3 is opened and the pressure in the section to the introduction valve 100 is kept at 5 MPaG for five minutes. After the five minutes, the on-off valve 2 is closed; the introduction valve 100 and the manual valve 7 are opened; and the duct 6 is evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum evacuation apparatus.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 was measured with a leak detector. The amount of leakage was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
The shock wave prevention mechanism 50 includes, as shown in
Each baffle 53 has an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the stainless steel tube 52 and is placed in such a manner that its outer circumference is in contact with an inner circumference of the stainless steel tube 52. In the state where a baffle 53 is inside the stainless steel tube 52, the baffle 53 is cut so that the area of the opening 54 through which halogen-containing gas can pass is 4.4 cm2. Seven baffles 53 are disposed with equal spacing in such a manner that the openings 54 are staggered in the longitudinal direction of the stainless steel tube 52.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
The shock wave prevention mechanism 50 is, as shown in
In the orifice plate 10, a through hole having a diameter of 0.2 cm is provided at the center of a stainless steel disc having a diameter of 2 cm. The orifice plate 10 has an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the stainless steel tube 52 and is placed in such a manner that its outer circumference will be in contact with the inner circumference of the stainless steel tube 52. Except for the shock wave prevention mechanism 50, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
The shock wave prevention mechanism 50 includes, as shown in
All the valves except for the on-off valve 2 of the container 1 are opened; the duct 6, the main duct 11, the tube 12, and the bypass tube 13 are evacuated into vacuum; and then all the valves are closed. Thereafter, the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Next, the supply valve 3 is opened to let the gas flow through the tube 12 until the pressure in the section to the introduction valve 100 is increased to 5 MPaG; then the on-off valve 14 is opened and kept for five minutes. After the five minutes, the on-off valve 2 is closed; the manual valve 7 is opened; and the duct 6, the main duct 11, the tube 12, and the bypass tube 13 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum evacuation apparatus.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 was measured with the leak detector. The amount of leakage was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
The shock wave prevention mechanism 50 employs an orifice tube used in Example 1-3, instead of the tube 12 in Example 1-4. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-4. The same operations as those in Example 1-4 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less: no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
The introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected; no burn was observed on the seal.
Instead of the shock wave prevention mechanisms 50 described in Examples 1-1 to 1-4, a straight stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of ½ inches and a length of 200 mm is used to directly connect the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100. Except for this, the same experiment as that in Example 1-1 was conducted.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.3×10−1 Pa·m3/s; the sealing was insufficient.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
However, when the introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected, burn on the seal was observed.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
However, when the introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected, burn on the seal was observed.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
However, when the introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected, burn on the seal was observed.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
However, when the introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected, burn on the seal was observed.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
However, when the introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected, burn on the seal was observed.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 1-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 1-1 were performed.
As a result, the amount of internal leakage of the introduction valve 100 measured by the leak detector was 1.0×10−8 Pa·m3/s or less; no leakage was found.
However, when the introduction valve 100 was disassembled and the seal was visually inspected, burn of the seal was observed.
The first embodiment has described an apparatus for supplying a halogen-containing gas from a container 1 filled with the halogen-containing gas at a high pressure to the external apparatus 101. However, as described in Example 1-7 and Comparative Example 1-3, the same effects can be obtained in the case of using a supporting gas such as O2 or NO instead of the halogen-containing gas. In other words, this invention is viable under the same configuration except that the applied gas is replaced from a halogen-containing gas into a supporting gas.
Specifically, this invention is viable even if configured as a supporting gas supply apparatus for supplying a supporting gas from a container filled with the supporting gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus, including a supply tube connecting the container and the external apparatus, a supply valve attached to the supply tube to supply the halogen-containing gas from the container, and a shock wave prevention mechanism installed downstream of the supply valve to prevent generation of a shock wave.
Furthermore, this invention is viable even if configured as a supporting gas supply method of supplying a supporting gas from a container filled with the supporting gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus, including opening a supply valve to direct the halogen-containing gas filled in the container at a high pressure to the external apparatus via a shock wave prevention mechanism for preventing generation of a shock wave.
Preferably, the filling pressure for the supporting gas is 5 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.
This configuration employing a supporting gas likewise supplies the supporting gas to the external apparatus via the shock wave prevention mechanism for preventing generation of a shock wave; accordingly, it can inhibit surface corrosion of the introduction valve for introducing the supporting gas to the external apparatus and deterioration of a seal used in the introduction valve.
Next, a halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in a second embodiment of this invention is described. The following description mainly explains differences from the above-described first embodiment; the components same as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference signs and explanations thereof are omitted.
The halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the second embodiment is featured by a flow direction change mechanism for changing the direction of halogen-containing gas flow, which is provided inside a part of the supply tube downstream of the supply valve to function as a shock wave prevention mechanism in the first embodiment. Still downstream of the flow direction change mechanism, an introduction valve is installed to introduce the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus.
Hereinafter, the halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the second embodiment is described in detail.
The structure of the flow direction change mechanism for changing the direction of halogen-containing gas flow is not particularly limited as long as it can change the direction of gas flow in the tube. For example, a structure such that a plurality of baffles each having an opening are disposed inside the tube in the longitudinal direction of the tube to partially blocks gas flow or that a plurality of fillers are enclosed in the tube is preferred.
It is preferable that the area of the opening of the baffle be ½ or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tube perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube. The baffles are disposed with spaces in such a manner that the openings of adjacent baffles do not overlap in the longitudinal direction of the tube. The spacing of the baffles is not particularly limited; they may be equally spaced or not in the case of three or more baffles.
The shapes of the fillers are not particularly limited, but shapes that change the direction of gas flow on the surface or inside the fillers when the gas hits the fillers are preferred; for example, shapes similar to those of packing materials commonly used in gas-liquid contact, such as Raschig ring, Tellerette, Pall ring, saddle, Lessing ring, Berl ring, Heli pack, McMahon packing, and Sulzer packing, a ball shape, and a wire shape are preferred.
It is preferable to provide a stoppage for the fillers downstream of the part packed with the fillers so as to prevent the gas flow from conveying the fillers downstream. For example, it is preferable that the tube be shaped in such a manner that at least a part of the tube has an inner diameter smaller than the packed part downstream of the packed part or that the tube be fitted with a porous plate downstream of the packed part, for the fillers to be enclosed in the tube. It is more preferable that, upstream of the packed part, the tube be likewise shaped to have a part having an inner diameter smaller than the packed part or be fitted with a porous plate for the fillers to be enclosed in the tube.
Explanation is provided with reference to
In
When supplying a high-pressure halogen-containing gas by opening the supply valve 3, the introduction valve 100 for introducing the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus 101 easily suffers from elevation of its internal temperature, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of a seal used in the introduction valve. This is presumed because the opening of the supply valve 3 causes generation of a shock wave in the supply tube 4 for conveying the halogen-containing gas and the generated shock wave grows in the process of propagation to reach the introduction valve 100, so that the temperature inside the introduction valve 100 increases. Therefore, the second embodiment provides a flow direction change mechanism 5 in the supply tube 4 between the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100 to inhibit generation or the growth of a shock wave. This approach inhibits increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of the seal in the introduction valve 100.
The supply tube 4 may have a plurality of flow direction change mechanisms 5 for changing the direction of halogen-containing gas flow. For example, the plurality of flow direction change mechanisms 5 may be disposed in series or in parallel.
It is desirable to use a metallic material for the on-off valve 2 of the container 1, the supply valve 3, the supply tube 4, the introduction valve 100, and the flow direction change mechanism 5 in the parts to contact with halogen-containing gas. The metallic material may be stainless steel, Inconel, or Hastelloy.
The valve structures of the on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are not particularly limited.
Hereinafter, examples of the second embodiment are described.
With reference to
The flow direction change mechanism 5 includes a stainless steel tube 52 having an outer diameter of 20 mm, a wall thickness of 2 mm, and a length of 100 mm and seven rib-like stainless steel baffles 53 disposed inside the stainless steel tube 52. Each of the baffles 53 has a cutout.
Each baffle 53 has an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the stainless steel tube 52 in the arc part. The baffle 53 is placed perpendicular to the inner surface of the stainless steel tube 52 so that the arc of the outer circumference of the baffle is fitted to the inner circumference of the stainless steel tube 52, making an opening 54. The seven baffles 53 are disposed in such a manner that they have equal spaces of 10 mm in the longitudinal direction of the stainless steel tube 52 and the openings 54 of adjacent baffles 53 are staggered, to change the direction of gas flow from upstream to downstream. The cross-sectional area of the opening 54 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stainless steel tube 52 is 0.25 times of the cross-sectional area of the internal space of the stainless steel tube 52 in the same direction. On the upstream side and the downstream side of the flow direction change mechanism 5, stainless steel tubes 50a and 50b having an outer diameter of ½ inches and a wall thickness of 1 mm are respectively connected. The flow direction change mechanism 5 is connected in the middle of the supply tube 4 via the tubes 50a and 50b.
As shown in
The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are all-metal automatic diaphragm valves. The manual valve 28 and the vacuum line 29 are for exchanging the gas inside the duct 6 and the supply tube 4.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
This example is the same as Example 2-1 except that the flow direction change mechanism 5 has the structure shown in
The installation angle for each of the baffles 55a to 55g is defined as an angle between the baffle and the inner surface of the tube 52 on the gas outlet side at the point where the distance between the cutout line of the baffle and the part of the baffle which is in contact with the inner surface of the tube 52 is largest. In this example, the installation angles of the baffles 55a to 55g are 85° for the baffle 55a, 82° for the baffle 55b, 84° for the baffle 55c, 81° for the baffle 55d, 77° for the baffle 55e, 115° for the baffle 55f, and 110° for the baffle 55g.
The space between the baffles 55a to 55g is defined as a space between planes in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube 52 at the points where the linear components perpendicular to and longest from the cutout lines of the baffles 55a to 55g are in contact with the inner surface of the tube 52. In this example, the space between the baffle 55a and the baffle 55b is 14 mm; the space between the baffle 55b and the baffle 55c is 9 mm; the space between the baffle 55c and the baffle 55d is 9 mm; the space between the baffle 55d and the baffle 55e is 11 mm; the space between the baffle 55e and the baffle 55f is 17 mm; and the space between the baffle 55f and the baffle 55g is 10 mm.
The cross-sectional area of each opening 54 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stainless steel tube 52 is 0.25 times of the cross-sectional area of the internal space of the tube 52 in the same direction.
The operations are the same as those in Example 2-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement.
As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
This example is the same as Example 2-1 except that the flow direction change mechanism 5 has the structure shown in
The operations are the same as those in Example 2-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 14.7 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 14.7 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % Cl2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.5 vol % Br2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % iodine gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2+Cl2 mixed gas (the volume fractions of F2 and Cl2 are 50 vol %) diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 3.6 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 were evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 3.6 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 3.6 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 19 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 were evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 19 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 19 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 21 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 were evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 21 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 21 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, a little change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips but the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Since the weight did not change and visual change was slight, the degree of burn of the PCTFE had no problem.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 50 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
This example is the same as the Example 2-1 except that the flow direction change mechanism 5 has a structure shown in
The operations are the same as those in Example 2-1.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips but the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Since the weight did not change and visual change was slight, the degree of burn of the PCTFE had no problem.
This example is the same as the Example 2-1 except that the flow direction change mechanism 5 has a structure shown in
The operations are the same as those in Example 2-1.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, slight change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass %. Although changes in color and weight were observed in this example, the degree of the change in color and the weight loss rate of the PCTFE chips were sufficiently small, compared with later-described Comparative Example 1.
In this example, the cross-sectional area of the opening 54 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stainless steel tube 52 is 0.4 times of the cross-sectional area of the internal space of the tube 52 in the same direction. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 2-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 were evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 14.7 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 14.7 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the cross-sectional area of the opening 54 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stainless steel tube 52 is 0.6 times of the cross-sectional area of the internal space of the tube 52 in the same direction. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 2-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 were evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 14.7 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 14.7 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips but the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Since the weight did not change and visual change was slight, the degree of burn of the PCTFE had no problem.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
Downstream of the cylinder 26, a vacuum line 29 is connected via a manual valve 28. In the bottom of the downstream end in the cylinder 26, 3 mm square PCTFE chips 27 are enclosed.
The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are all-metal automatic diaphragm valves. The manual valve 28 and the vacuum line 29 are for exchanging the gas inside the duct 6 and the supply tube 4.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all the valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. After five minutes, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was visually observed for approximately 50% of the PCTFE surfaces and the weight loss rate was 12 mass %. Since visual change and weight loss happened, it can be determined that the PCTFE was burnt.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 2-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 2-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In the above-described second embodiment, a flow direction change mechanism 5 for changing the direction of halogen-containing gas flow is installed inside a part of the supply tube 4 downstream of the supply valve 3, so that increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of seal used in the introduction valve 100 can be inhibited.
The foregoing second embodiment has described an apparatus for supplying a halogen-containing gas from a container filled with the halogen-containing gas at high pressure to an external apparatus. However, as described in Example 2-17 and Comparative Example 2-4, the same effects can be obtained in the case of using a supporting gas such as O2 or NO instead of the halogen-containing gas. In other words, this invention is viable under the same configuration except that the applied gas is replaced from a halogen-containing gas into a supporting gas.
Specifically, this invention is viable even if configured as a supporting gas supply apparatus for supplying a supporting gas from a container filled with the supporting gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus, including a supply tube connecting the container and the external apparatus, a supply valve attached to the supply tube to supply the supporting gas from the container, and a flow direction change mechanism installed in at least a part of the supply tube downstream of the supply valve to change a direction of a flow of the supporting gas.
For the flow direction change mechanism, a baffle having an opening may be installed to partially block the flow of the halogen-containing gas, and an area of the opening in the baffle may be ½ or less of a cross-sectional area of the supply tube.
A plurality of the baffles may be disposed in a longitudinal direction of the supply tube, and the plurality of the baffles may be disposed in such a manner that the openings of adjacent baffles do not overlap with each other in the longitudinal direction of the supply tube.
Alternatively, for the flow direction change mechanism, a plurality of fillers may be packed in the supply tube.
Preferably, the filling pressure for the supporting gas is 5 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.
In this configuration employing a supporting gas, the flow direction change mechanism is likewise installed inside a part of the supply tube 4 downstream of the supply valve to change the direction of supporting gas flow, so that increase in temperature inside the introduction valve, surface corrosion of the introduction valve, and deterioration of seal used in the introduction valve can be inhibited.
Next, a halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in a third embodiment of this invention is described. The following description mainly explains differences from the above-described first embodiment; the components same as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference signs and explanations thereof are omitted.
The halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the third embodiment is featured by a narrow part for limiting the cross-sectional area of gas flow to 0.5 cm2 or less, which is provided in at least a part of the supply tube downstream of the supply valve to function as a shock wave prevention mechanism in the first embodiment. Still downstream of the narrow part, an introduction valve is installed to introduce the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus.
Hereinafter, the halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the third embodiment is described in detail.
The structure of the narrow part of the supply tube is not particularly limited as long as it can define the cross-sectional area of gas flow; for example, it may be a valve or an orifice plate that can narrow the cross-sectional area of gas flow compared with the other part. The narrow part may be configured with a straight tube. That is to say, the supply valve and the introduction valve are connected by the tube having a uniform diameter. It is preferable that the cross-sectional area of gas flow in the narrow part be 0.5 cm2 or less. For the narrowest cross-sectional area of gas flow in the narrow part, it is sufficient if the gas can pass through; specifically, 0.0001 cm2 or more is preferable. Considering the time taken to charge the section down to the connection part of the supply tube and the external apparatus with the halogen-containing gas, 0.001 cm2 or more is particularly preferable.
In addition, a bypass tube bypassing the narrow part may be connected to the supply tube with a bypass valve attached to the bypass tube. In this configuration, after the section down to the connection part of the supply tube and the external apparatus is first charged with halogen-containing gas, the bypass valve is opened for the halogen-containing gas to flow in the bypass tube. Consequently, the volume of supplied halogen-containing gas flow can be increased. It is preferable that the cross-sectional area of gas flow in the bypass tube be more than 0.5 cm2.
Explanation is provided with reference to
Between the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100 in the supply tube 4, a narrow part 60 defining a cross-sectional area of gas flow narrower than the other part is provided for a shock wave prevention mechanism. For example, the narrow part 60 may be an orifice plate with an opening having a cross-sectional area of 0.001 cm2 or more and 0.5 cm2 or less. The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are diaphragm valves in which gas contact parts are all metal.
In
When supplying a high-pressure halogen-containing gas by opening the supply valve 3, the introduction valve 100 for introducing the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus 101 easily suffers from elevation of its internal temperature, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of a seal used in the introduction valve. This is presumed because the opening of the supply valve 3 causes generation of a shock wave in the supply tube 4 for conveying the halogen-containing gas and the generated shock wave grows in the process of propagation to reach the introduction valve 100, so that the temperature inside the introduction valve 100 increases. Therefore, the third embodiment provides a narrow part 60 defining a cross-sectional area of gas flow narrower than the other part in the supply tube 4 between the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100 to inhibit generation or the growth of a shock wave. This approach inhibits increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of the seal in the introduction valve 100.
The supply tube 4 may have a plurality of narrow parts 60. For example, the plurality of narrow parts 60 may be disposed in series or in parallel.
It is desirable to use a metallic material for the on-off valve 2 of the container 1, the supply valve 3, the supply tube 4, the bypass tube, the bypass valve, and the introduction valve 100 in the parts to contact with halogen-containing gas. The metallic material may be stainless steel, Inconel, or Hastelloy.
The valve structures of the on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are not particularly limited.
Hereinafter, examples of the third embodiment are described.
Downstream of the cylinder 26, a vacuum line 29 is connected via a manual valve 28. In the bottom of the downstream end in the cylinder 26, 3 mm square PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) chips 27 are enclosed.
The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are all-metal automatic diaphragm valves. The manual valve 28 and the vacuum line 29 are for exchanging the gas inside the duct 6 and the supply tube 4.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the valve 35 is opened and then the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG, and then the bypass valve 410 is opened. Thereafter, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 14.7 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 14.7 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the cross-sectional area of gas flow through the orifice plate 25 is 0.0002 cm2. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 3-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the cross-sectional area of gas flow through the orifice plate 25 is 0.001 cm2. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 3-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the cross-sectional area of gas flow through the orifice plate 25 is 0.49 cm2. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 3-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % Cl2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.5 vol % Br2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement.
As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % iodine gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2+Cl2 mixed gas (the volume fractions of F2 and Cl2 are 50 vol %) diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 3.6 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 19 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 21 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, a little change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips but the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Since the weight did not change and visual change was slight, the degree of burn of the PCTFE had no problem.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 50 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement.
As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
Downstream of the cylinder 26, a vacuum line 29 is connected via a manual valve 28. In the bottom of the downstream end in the cylinder 26, 3 mm square PCTFE chips 27 are enclosed.
The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are all-metal automatic diaphragm valves. The manual valve 28 and the vacuum line 29 are for exchanging the gas inside the duct 6 and the supply tube 4.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all the valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. After five minutes, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was visually observed for approximately 50% of the PCTFE surfaces and the weight loss rate was 12 mass %. Since visual change and weight loss happened, it can be determined that the PCTFE was burnt.
In this comparative example, the cross-sectional area of gas flow through the orifice plate 25 is 0.6 cm2. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 3-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was visually observed for approximately 30% of the PCTFE surfaces and the weight loss rate was 7 mass %. Since visual change and weight loss happened, it can be determined that the PCTFE was burnt.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement.
As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 3-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 3-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the cross-sectional area of gas flow through the orifice plate 25 is 0.6 cm2. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 3-17. The operations are the same as those in Example 3-17.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight, and the weight loss rate was 0.6 mass %.
In the above-described third embodiment, a narrow part 60 is provided in the supply tube 4 to limit a cross-sectional area of gas flow to 0.5 cm2 or less, so that increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of seal used in the introduction valve 100 can be inhibited.
The foregoing third embodiment has described an apparatus for supplying a halogen-containing gas from a container filled with the halogen-containing gas at high pressure to the external apparatus. However, as described in Example 3-17 and Comparative Examples 3-4 and 3-9, the same effects can be obtained in the case of using a supporting gas such as O2 or NO instead of the halogen-containing gas. In other words, this invention is viable under the same configuration except that the applied gas is replaced from a halogen-containing gas into a supporting gas.
Specifically, this invention is viable even if configured as a supporting gas supply apparatus for supplying a supporting gas from a container filled with the supporting gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus, including a supply tube connecting the container and the external apparatus, a supply valve attached to the supply tube to supply the supporting gas from the container, and a narrow part provided in at least a part of the supply tube downstream of the supply valve to limit a cross-sectional area of the flow of the supporting gas to 0.5 cm2 or less.
This invention is viable even if configured as an apparatus for supplying a supporting gas further including a bypass tube connected to the supply tube in such a manner that the bypass tube bypasses the narrow part and a bypass valve attached to the bypass tube, in addition to the above-described configuration.
Preferably, the filling pressure for the supporting gas is 5 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.
As the narrow part, an orifice plate or a valve may be used.
In this configuration employing a supporting gas, a narrow part is likewise provided in the supply tube to limit a cross-sectional area of gas flow to 0.5 cm2 or less, so that increase in temperature inside the introduction valve, surface corrosion of the introduction valve, and deterioration of seal used in the introduction valve can be inhibited.
Next, a halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in a fourth embodiment of this invention is explained. The following description mainly explains differences from the above-described first embodiment; the components same as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference signs and explanations thereof are omitted.
The halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the fourth embodiment is featured by a bent part having a curvature radius of 10 cm or less, which is provided in at least a part of the supply tube downstream of the supply valve to function as a shock wave prevention mechanism in the first embodiment. Still downstream of the bent part, an introduction valve is installed to introduce the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus.
Hereinafter, the halogen-containing gas supply apparatus in the third embodiment is described in detail.
The structure of the bent part of the supply tube is not particularly limited as long as it can eliminate the rectilinearity of the gas flow, like a coil. It is preferable that the curvature radius of the bent part be 10 cm or less, particularly 0.5 cm or more and 10 cm or less. In the case of the maximum curvature radius of less than 0.5 cm, the gas might flow mainly substantially straight through the space in the bent part. In the case of the minimum curvature radius of more than 10 cm, the effect to eliminate the rectilinearity of the gas flow might be small since the curve is close to a straight line.
Explanation is provided with reference to
Between the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100 in the supply tube 4, a rectilinearity inhibition mechanism 70 including a bent part is installed for a shock wave prevention mechanism. For example, the rectilinearity inhibition mechanism 70 may be a coil having a curvature radius of 5 cm for the gas flow channel. The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are diaphragm valves in which gas contact parts are all metal. In
When supplying a high-pressure halogen-containing gas by opening the supply valve 3, the introduction valve 100 for introducing the halogen-containing gas to the external apparatus 101 easily suffers from elevation of its internal temperature, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of a seal used in the introduction valve. This is presumed because the opening of the supply valve 3 causes generation of a shock wave in the supply tube 4 for conveying the halogen-containing gas and the generated shock wave grows in the process of propagation to reach the introduction valve 100, so that the temperature inside the introduction valve 100 increases. Therefore, the fourth embodiment provides a bent part in the supply tube 4 between the supply valve 3 and the introduction valve 100 to inhibit generation or the growth of a shock wave. This approach inhibits increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion inside the chest of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of the seal in the introduction valve 100.
The supply tube 4 may have a plurality of bent parts. For example, the plurality of bent parts may be disposed in series or in parallel.
It is desirable to use a metallic material for the on-off valve 2 of the container 1, the supply valve 3, the supply tube 4, and the introduction valve 100 in the parts to contact with halogen-containing gas. The metallic material may be stainless steel, Inconel, or Hastelloy.
The valve structures of the on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are not particularly limited.
Hereinafter, examples of the fourth embodiment are described.
The rectilinearity inhibition mechanism 70 is, as shown in
In the bottom of the downstream end in the cylinder 26, 3 mm square PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) chips 27 are enclosed.
The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are all-metal automatic diaphragm valves. The manual valve 28 and the vacuum line 29 are for exchanging the gas inside the duct 6 and the supply tube 4.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the rectilinearity inhibition mechanism 70 is structured as shown in
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 4-1.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 14.7 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the duct between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 14.7 MPaG. Then, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, as the supply tube 4, a stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of ⅛ inches and a wall thickness of 0.72 mm is used and, as the tube 51, a stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of ⅛ inches and a wall thickness of 0.72 mm and including a bent part shaped like a coil having 10 turns and a curvature radius of 0.5 cm is used. Except for these, the configuration of this example is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the curvature radius of the tube 51 is 9 cm. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 4-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the curvature radius of the tube 51 is 10 cm. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 4-1.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, a little change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips but the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Since the weight did not change and visual change was slight, the degree of burn of the PCTFE had no problem.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % Cl2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.5 vol % Br2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % iodine gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2+Cl2 mixed gas (the volume fractions of F2 and Cl2 are 50 vol %) diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 3.6 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement.
As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 19 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 10 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 21 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the above-described operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, a little change in color was observed on the surfaces of the chips but the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Since the weight did not change and visual change was slight, the degree of burn of the PCTFE had no problem.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 50 vol % F2 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
In this example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, no visual change was observed and the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less. Because of no visual change or weight loss, it can be determined that the PCTFE was not burnt.
Downstream of the cylinder 26, a vacuum line 29 is connected via a manual valve 28. In the bottom of the downstream end in the cylinder 26, 3 mm square PCTFE chips 27 are enclosed.
The on-off valve 2 and the supply valve 3 are all-metal automatic diaphragm valves. The manual valve 28 and the vacuum line 29 are for exchanging the gas inside the duct 6 and the supply tube 4.
Next, operations are described. In the state where the on-off valve 2 is closed and the other valves are open, the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 are evacuated into vacuum with the vacuum line 29. Thereafter, all the valves are closed, and then the on-off valve 2 is opened to change the pressure to 5 MPaG in the duct 6 between the container 1 and the supply valve 3.
Furthermore, the supply valve 3 is opened to change the pressure in the supply tube 4 between the container 1 and the cylinder 26 to 5 MPaG. After five minutes, the on-off valve 2 is closed and the gas in the duct 6 and the supply tube 4 is exchanged with the vacuum line 29.
After 10 repeats of the foregoing operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was visually observed for approximately 50% of the PCTFE surfaces and the weight loss rate was 12 mass %. Since visual change and weight loss happened, it can be determined that the PCTFE was burnt.
In this comparative example, the curvature radius of the tube 51 is 12 cm. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 4-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was visually observed for approximately 10% of the PCTFE surfaces and the weight loss rate was 4 mass %. Since visual change and weight loss happened, it can be determined that the PCTFE was burnt.
In this comparative example, the curvature radius of the tube 51 is 15 cm. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Example 4-1. The operations are the same as those in Example 4-1.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, change in color caused by burning was visually observed for approximately 30% of the PCTFE surfaces and the weight loss rate was 7 mass %. Since visual change and weight loss happened, it can be determined that the PCTFE was burnt.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % NF3 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 100 vol % O2 gas at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % BF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 20 vol % ClF gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 14.7 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % ClF3 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In this comparative example, the container 1 is filled with 0.1 vol % IF7 gas diluted with N2 at a pressure of 5 MPaG. Except for this, the configuration is the same as that of Comparative Example 4-1. The same operations as those in Comparative Example 4-1 were performed.
After 10 repeats of the operations, the PCTFE chips 27 in the cylinder 26 were taken out for visual inspection and weight loss rate measurement. As a result, the weight loss rate was 0.5 mass % or less; however, change in color caused by burning was observed on the surfaces of the chips, although the change was slight.
In the above-described fourth embodiment, a bent part is provided in at least a part of the supply tube 4 downstream of the supply valve 3, so that increase in temperature inside the introduction valve 100, surface corrosion of the introduction valve 100, and deterioration of seal used in the introduction valve 100 can be inhibited.
The foregoing fourth embodiment has described an apparatus for supplying a halogen-containing gas from the container filled with the halogen-containing gas at high pressure to the external apparatus. However, as described in Example 4-16 and Comparative Example 4-5, the same effects can be obtained in the case of using a supporting gas such as O2 or NO instead of the halogen-containing gas. In other words, this invention is viable under the same configuration except that the applied gas is replaced from a halogen-containing gas into a supporting gas.
Specifically, this invention is viable even if configured as a supporting gas supply apparatus for supplying a supporting gas from a container filled with the supporting gas at a high pressure to an external apparatus, including a supply tube connecting the container and the external apparatus, a supply valve attached to the supply tube to supply the supporting gas from the container, and a bent part having a curvature radius of 10 cm or less provided in at least a part of the supply tube downstream of the supply valve.
It is preferable that the filling pressure for the supporting gas be 5 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.
The bent part may be coil-shaped.
In this configuration employing a supporting gas, a bent part is likewise provided in at least a downstream part of the supply tube, so that increase in temperature inside the introduction valve, surface corrosion of the introduction valve, and deterioration of seal used in the introduction valve can be inhibited.
It is obvious that this invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be modified in various ways within the scope of the technical idea thereof.
With respect to the foregoing explanation, the contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-32991 filed on Feb. 18, 2011, Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-33005 filed on Feb. 18, 2011, Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-32998 filed on Feb. 18, 2011, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-33001 filed on Feb. 18, 2011 are incorporated herein by reference.
The halogen-containing gas supply apparatus and the method of supplying halogen-containing gas of this invention are utilized to safely supply halogen-containing gas for cleaning gas or etching gas to a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-228275 | Oct 2010 | JP | national |
| 2010-228300 | Oct 2010 | JP | national |
| 2010-229364 | Oct 2010 | JP | national |
| 2010-284311 | Dec 2010 | JP | national |
| 2011-032991 | Feb 2011 | JP | national |
| 2011-032998 | Feb 2011 | JP | national |
| 2011-033001 | Feb 2011 | JP | national |
| 2011-033005 | Feb 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/070336 | 9/7/2011 | WO | 00 | 5/7/2013 |
