Patent Application
20090059038
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a viewing device to enable people with low-vision to view objects or source material, including reading text, handwritten or printed, viewing pictures and physical objects, and particularly, but not solely, relates to a foldable device including a camera, a visual display unit (VDU), a variety of light sources and a control unit to activate a variety of viewing modes.
2. Summary of the Prior Art
Low vision is defined as a condition where ordinary eye glasses, lens implants or contact lenses cannot provide sharp sight. Low vision can be caused by a variety of eye problems. Macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inoperable cataracts, and glaucoma are but a few of the conditions that cause low vision. Individuals with low vision find it difficult, if not impossible, to read small writing or to discern small objects without high levels of magnification. This limits their ability to lead an independent life.
One method of providing greater magnification is the use of a Video Magnifier. Such devices use a camera to image an object that is to be viewed. Video images taken from the camera are continuously displayed on a VDU, at a sufficient level of magnification for the user. The low vision user can then use their remaining sight to its best advantage when viewing very small objects or writing.
An example of existing prior art is shown in
A camera 8 is part of the head unit 2 and consists of a mirror 11, zoom lens 9 and image sensor 12. The zoom lens 9 provides a variable level of magnification or zoom of the image projected onto the image sensor 12. As the level of magnification is increased, the field of view on the page decreases. The image acquired by the camera is processed by circuitry located in head unit 2, and then displayed on VDU 1. The camera may be a colour or monochrome model, the latter being used in low cost video magnifiers. A light source (not shown in
User controls 10 are usually found on the front panel. A control allows the user to increase and decrease the level of magnification from typically 3 times to 45 times. Older models have control to manually adjust focus while more recent models provide a motorised automatic-focus system. Another control often found on the front panel allows the user to select a viewing mode. The view modes available would usually include photo, text, false colour, and inverse colour modes. The photo mode simply displays a full colour image of the scanned objects on the VDU 1. Text, false colour and inverse colour modes enhance the image by using pixel level threshold filtering, and display the object as a bitonal colour image. False colour mode allows for easier reading of text by changing the object's colours to colours that are easier to read and the inverse colour mode allows for inversion of text and background colour to decrease image intensity and thus reduce eye strain. This list of features is by no means exhaustive of the features that could be incorporated into a video magnifying system.
To use the prior art video magnifier described above, a user needs to place the source material face up on X-Y table 5. Part of the source material will be magnified on the VDU 1. When reading text the user then needs to move the X-Y table 5 to the left and right while their eye follows the text. Moving the X-Y table 5 in this way can be tiring for the user's arms and their eyes. Scanning the viewing area across the text takes a great deal of concentration that could be better utilised for reading and comprehension. This movement also requires a certain level of coordination and dexterity that is often absent in elderly people. An example of this is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,855.
The design of the prior art video magnifier also causes several limitations to the viewing area. Ergonomically, it is best to have VDU 1 as low as practicable so that the user doesn't have to tilt their head upwards in use. The optimal height of the VDU 1 therefore sets a maximum height for head unit 2, and limits the working distance between head unit 2 and base unit 3. The maximum viewing area on the page is physically limited by the working distance and the maximum viewing angle of the zoom lens. Typically the maximum viewing area of such a system is about 1/10 of the area of an A4-sized page, so it is not possible to view a whole A4 page at once.
The requirement to support VDU 1, which may be a heavy CRT, requires head unit 2, base 3 and pillar 4 to be of strong rigid metal construction. Therefore the device is typically large, heavy and not easily transportable.
A number of low vision image magnifiers have been described. WO0036839 discloses a low vision image magnifier for upward facing source material utilising a video camera. The camera is mounted on a stand above the source material and can view the entire page or view selected sections of the page. The camera lens points down from the stand and is moveable by hand. This requires a high level of dexterity from the user.
Baum Retec AG manufactures a image magnifier for the vision impaired incorporating a flat-panel display under the name Baum Visio PC. This device is described in EP1096779. The camera is mounted on a rigid stand above the base, comprising a head unit, two uprights at the back and a flat base unit. The flat-panel display is mounted on two arms that pivot at the rear of the head allowing the display's height to be adjusted. Pneumatic gas-struts hold the flat-panel display at the chosen height. The arms attach to the sides of the flat-panel display, and the angle of the display can be adjusted by pivoting it on the arms. The camera is motorised within the head, allowing its position to be moved in two axes. A hand controller is used to adjust the functions of the unit, including the camera position. This low-vision device incorporates an integral flat-panel display that has height and tilt adjustment, but it doesn't fold down to make itself smaller for transportation. It has a rigid stand, incorporating the head, upright and the base unit.
The Videomatic Uno from Reinecker Reha-Technik GmbH is another prior art low-vision magnifier. In this device the camera and lights are mounted on a rigid stand above the base, comprising a head unit, two uprights at the back and a flat base unit with an X-Y table. A flat-panel display is mounted to the front of the head unit by two pivots at either side of the bottom of the display. The display may be swung upright for normal use or swung back and down so that the display covers the top of the head unit and faces up. This reduces slightly the size of the magnifier for transportation, but because the stand stays rigid and cannot be folded the magnifier is too large to be easily transported. Further the front of the flat-panel display is unprotected in the folded position and therefore can easily be broken. In use the display has tilt adjustment but no height adjustment and therefore users of different heights cannot set the optimal height of their display.
The Andromeda from Ash Technologies is a low-vision magnifier with an in-built flat-panel screen. This device is similar in construction to the Reinecker Uno, but the camera and lights are mounted to the rear face of the flat-panel display instead of being in a head unit. The advantage of this design is that it allows the camera to gain extra height when the display is in the working position, so the rigid bracket at the rear doesn't need to be as high as with the Uno.
In construction this device has a flat base unit with two rigid stands (one each side) that support the flat-panel display. The rigid stands each comprise a right-angled metal bracket that rises from the rear of the base and comes forward to the flat-panel pivots, which are located above the front of the base unit. The bottom of the flat-panel display is mounted to the two pivots, one on each side. The display may be swung upright for normal use or swung back and down so that the display covers the top of the head unit and faces up. This reduces slightly the size of the magnifier for transportation, but because the stand stays rigid and cannot be folded the magnifier is too large to be easily transported. Further the front of the flat-panel display is unprotected in the folded position and therefore can easily be broken. In use the display has tilt adjustment but no height adjustment and therefore users of different heights cannot set the optimal height of their display.
The Prisma from Ash Technologies is a low-vision magnifier that folds right down to reduce the size for transportation. It consists of a flat base unit, rear section and head unit that are connected via flexible friction hinges. The head unit contains a camera and lights. In use the rear section is upright from the rear of the base, and the head unit is parallel to the base. To make the device smaller for transportation, the user folds the rear section forward along the base, and the head unit folds upwards so that it is in line with the rear section. In this way the whole unit is folded flat along the base unit for transportation.
The Prisma uses an external monitor and has no provision for a flat-panel display. It folds for transportation, but this action takes place by folding the rear section and head into a straight line in the axis of the base. The hinges between the head unit, rear section and base are friction hinges and do not lock in any defined orientation.
The VisAble Image from Betacom is a low-vision magnifier with a built-in flat-panel display, mounted on a rigid metal stand that curves up from the rear of the base. The flat-panel display has tilt adjustment, but no height adjustment. The base has an X-Y table with limited movement. The camera is mounted directly behind the flat-panel display and looks straight down. White LEDs are used for lighting the page. The device doesn't fold down to increase portability.
Although not a low-vision image magnifier, a related form of high-resolution face up scanner is used in museums and the like for scanning manuscripts. This is performed face up due to the delicate nature of such documents. Such scanners use linear sensors that are scanned across the image of the page. U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,914 provides an example of such a device.
Another sort of image magnifier is used for presentations, and consists of a camera mounted on a stand above a base, with light sources mounted on separate stands off to each side of the base. U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,502 is an example of such a system, where the camera and light sources can all fold down to make the device compact for transportation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a transportable viewing device to allow persons with low-vision the ability to view objects that goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages in the prior art or which will at least provide the public with a useful choice.
Accordingly in a first aspect the present invention consists in a low-vision apparatus that displays the image of an object, said apparatus comprising:
a support including a connection for a surface on which to place the object to be viewed;
a head unit connected to said support, said head unit in use substantially above the object to be viewed;
a camera, integral or engaged with said head unit in use capturing a visual field including at least part of said object;
a display integral or engaged with said head unit and/or said support displaying at least part of said captured visual field; and
lighting integral or engaged with said head unit and/or said support for illuminating said visual field.
Preferably said apparatus further comprising:
a base upon the object to be viewed is in use placed; wherein said support connected to said base; and wherein said display and said lighting are integral or engaged with said head unit, said base unit and/or said support.
Preferably said base is hingably connected to said support.
Preferably said support is hingably connected to said head unit.
Preferably said display is hingably connected to said head unit.
Preferably said hinges are self locking at one or more orientations and a manually unlocking mechanism.
Preferably the back of said base is hinged to the bottom of said support.
Preferably the top of said support is hinged to the back of said head unit.
Preferably the back of said display is hinged to the front of said head unit.
Preferably said display is detachable from said head unit.
Preferably said display, said head unit, said support and said base fold relative to one another to fold said low-vision apparatus to a compact configuration.
Preferably said apparatus includes a handle to carry said apparatus during transportation.
Preferably said apparatus when folded is portable.
Preferably said apparatus is lightweight.
Preferably said apparatus when folded can be carried using one hand.
Preferably said lighting includes one or more sets of light sources consisting of one or more lights mounted on one or more of the said head unit, said support or said display.
Preferably said camera is on said head unit, oriented in use to point the visual field at the object to be viewed.
Preferably said camera is on said support, oriented in use to point the visual field at the object to be viewed.
Preferably said camera operates in single capture and repetitive capture modes.
Preferably one or more said sets of light sources is selectively activated by a controller dependent on said modes.
Preferably said lighting is shielded.
Preferably said lighting includes a specular reflection shield.
Preferably said shield comprises at least one first linear polarised filter to polarise the light shining on said base, and said camera has at least one second linear polarised filter mounted in front of it, whereby the polarisation angle of said second linear polarised filter is oriented at 90 degrees to that of said first linear polarised filter.
Preferably said first linear polarised filter comprises a plurality of polarising filters.
Preferably said shield comprises a mechanical louver in front of said sets of light sources.
Preferably said shield comprises a prismatic lens in front of said sets of light sources.
Preferably said sets of light sources are shielded so that each light source illuminates the opposite side of said visual field than the side they are mounted on.
Preferably said low-vision apparatus includes a data processing unit connected intermediate of said display means and said camera, said processing unit defining said visual field as a set of pixels and a subset of said set of pixels as a window-of-interest and said low-vision apparatus including a selection tool to select said subset of pixels on said visual field which constitutes the window-of-interest.
In a second aspect the present invention consists in a low-vision apparatus that displays the image of an object, said apparatus comprising:
a support structure
a camera attached to said support structure, in use capturing a visual field about said object, including at least one first linear polarised filter;
a display attached to said support structure displaying at least part of said captured visual field; and
lighting attached to said support structure for lighting said visual field, including at least one second linear polarised filter, whereby the polarisation angle of said second linear polarised filter is oriented at 90 degrees to that of said first linear polarised filter.
Iin a third aspect the present invention consists in a low-vision apparatus that displays the image of an object, said apparatus comprising:
a support structure;
a camera attached to said support structure, in use capturing a visual field about said object;
a display attached to said support structure displaying at least part of said captured visual field;
lighting attached to said support structure for lighting said visual field; and
a controller selectively activating said camera into either a single capture mode or a repetitive capture mode, and selectively activating said lighting depending on said modes.
In a fourth aspect the present invention consists in A low-vision apparatus that displays the image of an object, said apparatus comprising:
a support structure;
a camera attached to said support structure, in use capturing a visual field about said object;
a display attached to said support structure displaying at least part of said captured visual field; and
lighting attached to said support structure for lighting said visual field, including a specular reflection shield.
To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, many changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and applications of the invention will suggest themselves without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosures and the descriptions herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.
The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples only.
One preferred form of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which;
Preferred forms of the present invention will now be described with reference to
a and 16b are representative diagrams illustrating the use of linear polarised filters to prevent specular reflections being seen off glossy surfaces,
The image magnifier for the vision impaired of the present invention magnifies the image of face-up source material placed in the visual field of the camera and displays the magnified image on a VDU or other display means. Preferably there are two different camera modes. The first mode is a static mode whereby the camera captures and stores a single high-resolution image of the source material. This high-resolution image can be manipulated and displayed on the display means. The second mode is a live mode whereby the camera captures consecutive lower resolution images at a high frame rate so as to provide full motion video. Using the live mode the low-vision user can move the view around the source material and magnify a desired section of interest. Preferably the same camera and the same apparatus are used for both the static and live modes.
In static mode the software controlling the system captures and manipulates a high-resolution image. This allows precise pixel data to be obtained from the image and manipulated for optimum viewing by the low-vision user. The system allows the image magnifier to manipulate what is displayed. Forms of manipulation include changing the orientation of the source material image, or the method of displaying of characters from the image on the display. Further manipulation of the image sensor data is performed using Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Using OCR extends the utility of the magnifier for poor or no vision users by providing an output that allows for Braille or speech to be generated.
Alternatively the support unit may include a connection to attach to a table or flat rigid surface, to take the place of the base unit. The connection may include permanent attachment or temporary clamping system as are known in the art.
An optional flat-panel display 20 can also be attached to the product as shown in
Alternatively the display may attach to the support unit or the base unit.
In the preferred device a hand-operated controller 25 plugs in at the rear of base unit 14. However other control methods are possible, including a wireless control panel, controls mounted on the unit, or the use of a touch screen.
The folding method for the device can now be described. Firstly, the flat-panel display 20 is folded up and around so that it sits on top of the head unit 16 as shown in
The second step to fold up the device is to fold head unit 16 around hinging mechanism 19 so that it nestles inside support unit 17, which is hollow. This is shown in
The last step is to fold support unit 17 around hinging mechanism 18 so that the unit folds flat and flat-panel display 20 is against base unit 14 as shown in
In the completely folded position the front of the flat panel display 20 faces the top of base unit 14, which protects it from damage. The unit when folded is small and suitable for transportation or packaging.
Referring again to
The software program and associated hardware for controlling the video magnifier is located in the image processing and control electronics 29 and is described in detail in WO03083805 which is herby incorporated by reference.
There are two modes that the camera 15 can be operated in. The first mode is live mode (similar to video recording), where camera 15 continuously captures images of source material 13 at a fast frame rate. This gives real-time image capture, and is particularly important for those activities where motion is followed, such as writing or threading a needle. The shutter time of camera 15 needs to be short (e.g. less than 0.02 sec) to capture motion accurately, and this may require a high level of illumination on source material 13. In the preferred embodiment the camera shutter time is synchronised with the mains power frequency to preclude any image brightness flicker that may result from room lighting that shines on source material 13.
The second mode is static mode, where camera 15 takes a single image of a static (not moving) source material 13. Since there is no requirement to capture fast motion the shutter time may be lengthened to any convenient time (e.g. less than 1 sec) that will capture an image of good quality, and a lower level of illumination on source material 13 may be tolerated. Many low-vision users prefer to have a lower light level in their field of view because it is distracting and can reduce their quality of vision. For this reason it is advantageous to use the lowest level of illumination that will allow camera 15 to produce a good quality image of the source material 13.
The two camera modes could be achieved using two different cameras. However, in the preferred embodiment of the device both camera modes are provided using one camera.
It can be seen that the two different camera modes may require different light levels for optimum operation. Live mode requires a higher light level because of the short shutter time required to ‘freeze’ source material motion, whereas static mode can use either a high or low level light but it is preferable to use a low light level because of the low-vision users' increased tolerance for this. Therefore the low-vision magnifier uses a lighting system that has two light levels—a bright level for live mode and dimmer level for static mode. This lighting system may consist of a single light source that is operated at two or more light levels, a plurality of light sources that are operated at two or more light levels, or a plurality of light sources that are switched on or off to give a plurality of light sources.
Lighting used in the preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in
Preferably the lighting system of the present invention avoids specular reflections that may occur when light rays from the lighting system reflect off a glossy or shiny object or document in the viewing area and enter the camera 15. This is seen as a bright glare in the image that distorts the image and reduces contrast. The present invention includes means to reduce or eliminate the problem of specular reflection off glossy or shiny material, or block those light rays that lead to specular reflection.
In most conventional low-vision magnifiers, such as seen in
In the present invention seen in
One way to remove specular reflections is to use linear polarised filters that are mounted over both the lighting and the camera, and where the angle of polarisation of the linear polarised filter on the camera is oriented at right angles to the angle of polarisation of the linear polarised filter on the lighting. This method exploits the property that specular reflections (e.g. off a glossy printed page) retain their angle of polarisation, while diffuse reflections (e.g. off a piece of white paper) contain light rays of all polarised orientations.
Referring to
In the method just described, the camera can look at a variety of objects or documents and will see only the surface markings of the object or document that are reflected in a diffuse manner. Direct specular reflections from the lighting source are rejected by the polarisers. This system is particularly useful with imaging of printed documents, which may be very diffuse (e.g. matt black ink on white paper) or a mixture of diffuse and specular (e.g. glossy printed material).
Another way to block the rays is to use a transparent prismatic lens in front of the light source to block the angular rays that cause specular reflection. Two options are shown in
b shows an alternative prismatic lens 61 that accepts light rays 53-56 from a variety of angles, but only allows light to pass in the range outside of angles between rays 57 and 58. The prismatic lens consists of many prisms, which run parallel to the axis of the fluorescent tube 59. In the other axis the profile consists of regular triangular prisms that have a 90 degree vertex, but the sides are angled at other than 45 degrees to the opposite side.
An alternative means to remove light rays that lead to specular reflection is by using a mechanical louvre in front of the light source to block these rays. Two options for this are shown in
a, 7b and 9 illustrate the preferred embodiment of the lighting system for avoiding specular reflection with a large field of view. Fluorescent tubes 32, 33 have prismatic lenses 30, 31 mounted in front. These prismatic lenses have the profile as shown in
Referring to
Therefore light beam 79 from the right-hand fluorescent lamp 33 lights the left-hand side 82 of the base 14, and the light beam 81 from the left-hand fluorescent lamp 32 lights the right-hand side 83 of the base 14. The lighting is arranged so that the dark patch from each prismatic lens takes up half of the viewing area to be illuminated, including the region where specular reflection would otherwise occur. A dotted line 86 shows the ray of light from lamp 33 that would otherwise cause specular reflection to camera 15, however these rays are blocked by prismatic material 31. In this way each of the prismatic lenses 30, 31 illuminate the opposite half of the viewing area and no specular reflection occurs.
Referring again to
In the preferred embodiment camera 15 has a narrower field of view when used in live mode compared to static mode, and therefore a reduced viewing area. Specular reflection from halogen lamp 34 is avoided in the conventional way, because the reduced field of view causes the specular reflection point on the base to lie outside of the viewing area for live mode.
The static image capture made allows the user to capture an image of a book to view on the screen. It is necessary to hold the book flat and still so that the pages can be seen properly without any motion blur during the shutter time. The user could hold the book open and flat but this can introduce fingers and shadows into the image. A better way is to place a flat sheet of clear plastic or glass over the book, which would hold the book under its own weight. Flat sheets are sometimes used in prior art low-vision magnifiers for the same purpose.
To facilitate this, in an alternative embodiment the image magnifier includes a page hold-down assembly as shown in
To help with transportation of the folded device a loop handle 89 is attached to the rear of head unit 16 as shown in
In addition to the handle 89 two finger recesses 90, 91 are provided, one at each side of the rear section 17. The recesses are best seen in
The design of this device is such that does not require an X-Y table. This is important because it reduces the amount of desk space required around the base unit. Instead of using an X-Y table, the preferred method of operating the device is by using a hand controller 25, as shown in
The hand controller 25 may have many controls 220 to 227. In the preferred embodiment these include a trackball, wheel, knobs and buttons; however the use of other controls can be envisaged such as a mouse, slider controls or a joystick.
Static mode allows the user to capture an image of a whole A4 page and then navigate around the image using the hand controller 25. Therefore the main camera unit can be placed anywhere that is convenient to the user (e.g. at the back of a desk, to the side, or under the desk.) The user can place the hand controller and VDU in any convenient position. This flexibility in set up is important to low-vision users, as they may only have usable vision at certain angles, and physical space is often limited.
Referring to
In a further alternative flat-panel display 20 is connected via a wireless interface to the main unit, allowing the user more flexibility in their reading position. In this embodiment the flat-panel display 20 includes a power source, so that the connection with the main unit could be severed completely. In a further alternative the flat-panel display 20 could include memory and a processor so that a user could scan a number of pages or images and then review them later, anywhere that was convenient, for example on a bus. Such that the flat-panel display 20 is usable independently of the main unit.
The image magnifier is portable because of the capability to fold down into a small package for transportation. Therefore the design of hinges 18 and 19 (see
a and 12b depict a pin-locking system. Arm 93 has a plate 94 screwed securely to it using screws 97. Arm 93 can rotate with respect to bracket 96 around the axis defined by bolt 95. To lock the hinge four locking pins 98 engage with the four holes in plate 94 and bracket 96. The locking pins 98 are held in place by four springs 99 that press against spring retainer 100. When the user presses locking button 101, four pins 102 press against locking pins 98 causing locking pins 98 to disengage from between plate 94 and bracket 96. At this point arm 93 and plate 94 can rotate with respect to bracket 96, and after 90 degrees of rotation the locking pins 98 can spring into place to lock plate 94 and bracket 96 again.
a and 13b depict a snap-lock-ball system. Arm 104 has middle sleeve 105 rigidly attached to it and bracket 106 has outer sleeve 107 rigidly attached to it. Arm 104 can rotate with respect to bracket 106 around the axis defined by sleeves 105 and 107. There is a freely rotating inner sleeve 108 inside middle sleeve 105, and an actuation pin 109 inside inner sleeve 108. An actuation button 110 is attached to actuation pin 109, and this works against spring 112. Actuation pin 109 has a groove 230 near the end inserted inside inner sleeve 108. Each of the sleeves 105, 107 and 108 has four holes around their diameter. The holes in the inner sleeve 108 and middle sleeve 105 are sized to accept four ball bearings 111. The holes in the outer sleeve 107 are smaller than ball bearings 111. In the locked position actuation pin 109 and button 110 are held in the position shown in
a and 14b depict a latch-and-lock system. The arm 113 can rotate with respect to the bracket 114 around an axis defined by shaft 115. The arm 113 has an end profile that includes several indents 117 spaced at 90 degrees. A pin 116 is rigidly attached to lever arm 118. Lever arm 118 is attached to linkage 119 and release arm 120 by rotating joints, and release arm 120 can rotate around the axis of shaft 115. A spring 121 attaches to the end of the release arm 120. Normally, the spring 121 tensions the system comprising the pin 116, lever arm 118, linkage 119 and release arm 120 so that pin 116 is held in contact with the profiled end of the arm 113. When in the locked position the pin 116 engages with one of the indents 117. If the user presses the release lever 120 in the direction shown by the arrow 122, the linkage 119 pushes against the lever arm 118, and causes the pin 116 to disengage from whichever indent 117 it was engaged with. The arm 113 can then rotate around the bracket 114 for 90 degrees until pin 116 falls into another indent 117 and this will lock the arm position again.
a and 15b depict a dog-clutch system. The arm 123 can rotate with respect to the bracket 124 around an axis defined by the shaft 125. The bracket 124 is rigidly attached to a clutch-plate 126. The arm 123 has a shaped hole 127 (in this case square) that mates with a matching profile on the back of clutch-plate 128. The clutch-plate 128 cannot rotate with respect to the arm 123, but can slide along the shaft. The two clutch-plates 126 and 128 have mating features that have a rotational symmetry of 90 degrees. Normally, the two clutch-plates 126 and 128 are held together by a spring 129 and the arm 123 cannot rotate with respect to the bracket 124. When the user presses release button 130 in the direction shown by the arrow 131, the pins 132 press against clutch-plate 128 which slides along the shaft 125 and is disengaged from the clutch-plate 126. The arm 123 rotates around bracket 124 for 90 degrees until the two clutch-plates 126, 128 engage again.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 532300 | Apr 2004 | NZ | national |
| 533875 | Jun 2004 | NZ | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NZ05/00076 | 4/13/2005 | WO | 00 | 4/16/2008 |
