The present invention relates to wired implantable integrated CMOS-MEMS (complementary metal-oxide silicon-microelectromechanical systems) sensors and methods of fabrication.
In the art of capacitive-based pressure sensing as it relates to the medical device industry, it is desirable to incorporate an IC chip into a pressure cavity or chamber. Integration of an IC chip in the pressure cavity can enable enhancements to sensor performance such as lower parasitic capacitance, reduced noise and drift, and sensing accuracy, all while maintaining sufficient miniaturization for intracorporeal use. Prima facie, this approach is straightforward. However, from the standpoint of process integration, incorporating a prefabricated IC chip with a MEMS structure presents many problems.
Regarding process integration and feasibility, the IC chip must be placed on a substrate which eventually forms part of A pressure cavity, and the appropriate interconnects (e.g., signal, power) must be formed between the chip and a sensing capacitor. Therefore, unique techniques in IC chip attachment and interconnection are needed. Also, the process for IC chip attachment must be reliable in testing and process integration as well as achieve a consistent end result.
The IC chip also requires extra space and clearance in the pressure cavity. This increases constraints on the size of the IC chip as well as other functional components of the pressure cavity (e.g. capacitor and feedthroughs, for example).
Finally, the unique IC chip attachment and interconnection between other functional components in the pressure cavity must be amenable to batch fabrication and meet the requirements for sensor performance.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the popularity of liquid crystal displays with control circuitry being placed onto glass, e.g. systems on a panel. This technology has been realized through improvements made to thin-film transistors (TFTs) manufactured on glass substrates. The recent popularity of TFTs is a result of the move away from traditional use of amorphous silicon towards polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon). Performance advantages gained through use of polycrystalline silicon have allowed TFTs to be used in applications beyond pixel control transistors.
However, it has not been proposed to use CMOS, e.g., TFT, manufacturing technology to manufacture ceramic sensors. Ceramic packaging technology confers many benefits for sensing, especially in harsh environments. For example, silicon is not recommended for use under DC bias in electrolyte solutions (e.g., marine environments, the human body) due to corrosion issues. Furthermore, marriage of CMOS and TFT technology to the fabrication of ceramic sensors to form active components on the ceramic substrate eliminates the need to use discrete IC's and wire bonding techniques to connect to those ICs. Thus, manufacturing is simplified and such devices can be miniaturized past what is known at the present time while increasing the reliability of the resulting device.
Thus, there is a need for sensors with active circuit components formed directly on an interior surface of a hermetic cavity.
The various features and advantages of the present invention may be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
a-1n illustrate process steps in an exemplary method for fabricating exemplary wired implantable integrated CMOS-MEMS pressure sensors; and
Disclosed are exemplary wired implantable integrated CMOS-MEMS pressure sensing devices 20 or sensors 20 (
The following patent applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/943,772, filed Sep. 16, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/472,905, filed Jun. 22, 2006, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/314,046, filed Dec. 20, 2005, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/314,696, filed Dec. 20, 2005, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/157,375, filed Jun. 21, 2005, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/204,812, filed Aug. 16, 2005. The following patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,520 issued to Allen et. al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,379 issued to Allen et. Al.
The term hermetic is generally defined as meaning “airtight or impervious to air.” In reality, however, all materials are, to a greater or lesser extent, permeable, and hence specifications must define acceptable levels of hermeticity. An acceptable level of hermeticity for a pressure sensor, for example, is therefore a rate of fluid ingress or egress that changes the pressure in the internal reference volume (pressure chamber) by an amount preferably less than 10 percent of the external pressure being sensed, more preferably less than 5 percent, and most preferably less than 1 percent over the accumulated time over which the measurements will be taken. In many biological applications, for example, an acceptable pressure change in the pressure chamber is on the order of 1.5 mm Hg/year. It is to be understood that that the present invention is not limited only to hermetic sensors 20 or sensing devices 20 that sense pressure, but may include any sensor 20 or device 20 that employs a hermetic chamber or cavity.
The manufacturing process suitable for producing the wired implantable pressure sensors 20 using integrated CMOS-MEMS technology involves the use of high resistivity polysilicon as a substrate for an integrated circuit (IC) chip. This process is similar to metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication processes that fabricate MOS semiconductor devices on a glass substrate. The traditional MOS processes produce an integrated circuit (IC) structure that is similar to the disclosed processes that produce integrated pressure sensors, except that a different substrate material is employed. Furthermore, processing parameters due to considerations of grain boundary effect, and therefore the IC design, are different from the processing performed to fabricate conventional MOS semiconductor devices.
a-1n illustrate process steps in an exemplary method 40 for fabricating exemplary wired implantable integrated CMOS-MEMS pressure sensors 20. Details of the exemplary method 40 and pressure sensor 20 are as follows.
As shown in
Standard IC processes relating to polysilicon thin film transistor (TFT) technology are used to incorporate an IC chip 10 (
As shown in
Subsequently, as shown in
Then, as shown in
As shown in
The substrate 21 and the cap 34 are made of fused silica, for example, and thus the sealed structure comprising the pressure sensor 20 is biologically compatible with human organs and tissue. Consequently, the pressure sensor 20 may be implanted inside the human body, such as in a person's heart, or in an area of an aneurism, for example.
Further, an upper capacitor electrode 38 is deposited or otherwise formed on the deflective region 37 opposite to the pair of lower capacitor electrodes 36 using the metal deposition and patterning techniques described above. The capacitor electrodes 36, 38 form a capacitor that is configured so that its characteristic capacitance value varies in response to a physical property, or changes in a physical property, of a person, for example. When the cap 34 and substrate 21 are cut and fused together (
Thus, wired implantable integrated CMOS-MEMS sensors, including pressure sensors, and fabrication methods have been disclosed. It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of some of the many specific embodiments that represent applications of the principles discussed above. Clearly, numerous and other arrangements can be readily devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
This application is entitled to the filing date of provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/726,948, filed Oct. 14, 2005.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60726948 | Oct 2005 | US |