Intra-day rolling scheduling method for integrated heat and electricity system

Abstract

An intra-day rolling scheduling method for an integrated heat and electricity system including: establishing an objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system, the objective function aiming to make operating costs of the integrated heat and electricity system to be a minimum; establishing constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the integrated heat and electricity system; and solving the objective function based on the constraints by an interior point method, to obtain an active power and a heating power of each combined heat and power unit, an active power of each thermal power unit, a heating power of each heat pump, and an active power consumed by each circulating pump.

Description

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to an intra-day rolling scheduling method for an integrated heat and electricity system, belongs to the field of operation and control technologies for a power grid with a plurality of energy forms.

BACKGROUND

The multi-energy system may include a plurality of energy flow subsystems. The energy may refer to such as electricity, heat, cold, gas, or transportation. The multi-energy system has considerable benefits, such as reducing energy consumption, improving overall energy efficiency, and reducing total energy costs, but improves the control complex.

The integrated heat and electricity system is one of the multi-energy systems. The integrated heat and electricity system may include a power grid and a heating network, in which coupling components such as combined heat and power units, heat pumps, and circulating pumps may couple the power grid and the heating network. However, there coupling components bring about new requirements on operation and control on the integrated heat and electricity system, such as the intra-day rolling scheduling on the integrated heat and electricity system needs to consider these coupling components comprehensively.

SUMMARY

The intra-day rolling scheduling method for the integrated heat and electricity system, provided by the present disclosure, may include the following: establishing an objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system, the objective function aiming to make operating costs of the integrated heat and electricity system to be a minimum, the integrated heat and electricity system comprising combined heat and power units, thermal power units, heat pumps, and circulating pump; establishing constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the integrated heat and electricity system; and solving the objective function based on the constraints by an interior point method, to obtain an active power and a heating power of each combined heat and power unit, an active power of each thermal power unit, a heating power of each heat pump, and an active power consumed by each circulating pump, as an intra-day rolling scheduling scheme of the integrated heat and electricity system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an integrated heat and electricity system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an intra-day rolling scheduling method for an integrated heat and electricity system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The integrated heat and electricity system is shown in FIG. 1. The integrated heat and electricity system may include a power grid and a heating network. Coupling components such as combined heat and power units, heat pumps, and circulating pumps may couple the power grid and the heating network.

The intra-day rolling scheduling method for the integrated heat and electricity system, provided by the present disclosure, may include: establishing (110) an objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system, the objective function aiming to make operating costs of the integrated heat and electricity system to be a minimum, the integrated heat and electricity system comprising combined heat and power units, thermal power units, heat pumps, and circulating pump; establishing (120) constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the integrated heat and electricity system; and solving (130) the objective function based on the constraints by an interior point method, to obtain an active power and a heating power of each combined heat and power unit, an active power of each thermal power unit, a heating power of each heat pump, and an active power consumed by each circulating pump, as an intra-day rolling scheduling scheme of the integrated heat and electricity system.

In detail, the intra-day rolling scheduling method for the integrated heat and electricity system, provided by the present disclosure, may include the following steps.

(1) An objective function for optimal scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system may be established by a formula of:

$\min \sum _{t=1}^{16}\left(\sum _{b=1}^{N}F\left(p_{b,t},q_{b,t}\right)+\sum _{x=1}^{N_{\mathrm{TU}}}{F}_{\mathrm{TU}}\left(p_{x,t}\right)\right)\Delta t,$ where, p_b,t represents an active power of a b^th combined heat and power unit in the integrated heat and electricity system at a t^th scheduling period, q_b,t represents a heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, N represents a number of combined heat and power units in the integrated heat and electricity system, F(p_b,t,q_b,t) represents a running cost of the b^th combined heat and power unit in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, p_x,t represents an active power of an x^th thermal power unit in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, N_TU represents a number of thermal power units in a power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system, F_TU(p_x,t) represents a running cost of the x^th thermal power unit in the power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system, Δt represents an interval between two neighboring scheduling periods, and a value of Δt is 15 minutes.

(2) Equality constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the power grid and the heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system may be set, which may include the following.

(2-1) A power flow constraint of the power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by formulas of:

$P_{i,t}=U_{i,t}\sum _{j\in i}{U}_{j,t}\left(G_{\mathrm{ij}}\cos \left({\theta }_{i,t}-{\theta }_{j,t}\right)+B_{\mathrm{ij}}\sin \left({\theta }_t-{\theta }_{j,t}\right)\right),i,j=1,2,\dots n,t=1,2,\dots ,16$ $Q_{i,t}=U_{i,t}\sum _{j\in i}{U}_{j,t}\left(G_{\mathrm{ij}}\sin \left({\theta }_{i,t}-{\theta }_{j,t}\right)-B_{\mathrm{ij}}\cos \left({\theta }_{i,t}-{\theta }_{j,t}\right)\right),i,j=1,2,\dots n,t=1,2,\dots ,16,$

where, P_i,t represents an injected active power of a i^th node of the power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, _i,t represents an injected reactive power of the i^th node of the power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, θ_i,t represents a voltage phase angle of the i^th node at the t^th scheduling period, θ_j,t, represents a voltage phase angle of the j^th node at the t^th scheduling period, U_i,t represents a voltage amplitude of the i^th node at the t^th scheduling period, U_j,t represents a voltage amplitude of the j^th node at the t^th scheduling period, G_ij represents a real part of an element at i^th row and j^th column in a node admittance matrix Y of the power grid, B_ij represents an imaginary part of the element at i^th row and j^th column in the node admittance matrix Y of the power grid, the node admittance matrix Y of the power grid is obtained from an energy management system of the integrated heat and electricity system, and n represents a number of nodes of the power grid.

(2-2) A pipe pressure loss constraint of the heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:ΔH_l,t=S_lm_l,t|m_l,t|,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, ΔH_l,t represents a pressure loss of a l^th pipe of the heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, S_l represents a resistance characteristic coefficient, a range of S_l is 10 Pa/(kg/s)²≤S_l≤500 Pa/(kg/s)², and m_l,t represents a mass flow rate of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period.

(2-3) A hydraulic characteristic constraint of a circulating pump of the heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:H_P,t=H₀−S_pm_P,t²t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, H_P,t represents a head of delivery of the circulating pump at the t^th scheduling period, H₀ represents a static head of delivery of the circulating pump, S_p represents a resistance coefficient of the circulating pump, H₀ and S_p are obtained from a factory manual of the circulating pump, and m_P,t represents a mass flow rate that flowing through the circulating pump at the t^th scheduling period.

(2-4) A pipe heating loss constraint of the heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:

$T_{e,l,t}=\left(T_{h,l,t}-T_{a,l,t}\right)e^{-\frac{\lambda L_l}{C_p{m}_l,t}}+T_{a,l,t},t=1,2,\dots ,16,$ where, T_e,l,t represents a tail-end temperature of the l^th pipe of the heating network at the t^th scheduling period, T_h,l,t represents a head-end temperature of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period, T_a,l,t represents an ambient temperature of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period, m_l,t represents the mass flow rate of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period, L_l represents a length of the l^th pipe, C_p represents a specific heat capacity of water, a value of the specific heat capacity is 4182 Joules/(kg·° C.), λ represents a heat transfer coefficient per unit length of the pipe, λ is obtained from the energy management system of the integrated heat and electricity system, and e represents a natural logarithm.

(2-5) A temperature constraint of a junction node of a plurality of pipes of the heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:

$\left(\sum _{l\in S_n^{\mathrm{out}}}{m}_{l,t}\right)T_{h,l,t}=\sum _{l\in S_n^{in}}{m}_{l,t}{T}_{e,l,t}-Q_{J,n,t},t=1,2,\dots ,16,$

where, m_l,t represents the mass flow rate of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period, T_e,l,t represents the tail-end temperature of the l^th pipe of the heating network at the t^th scheduling period, T_h,l,t represents the head-end temperature of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period, S_n^out represents a set of all pipe numbers flowing out of a n^th node of the heating network, S_nⁱⁿ represents a set of all pipe numbers flowing into the n^th node of the heating network, and _J,n,t represents a heating power of the n^th node of the heating network at the t^th scheduling period.

(2-6) A coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by combined heat and power units in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by formulas of:p_b,t=Σ_k=1^NKbα_b,t^kP_b^k,q_b,t=Σ_k=1^NKbα_b,t^k_b^k,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, p_b,t represents the active power of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period, q_b,t represents the heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period, (P_b^k,_b^k) represents the k^th vertex of an approximate convex polygon in a running feasible region of the b^th combined heat and power unit, α_b,t^k represents a k^th combination coefficient of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period, Σ_k=1^NKbα_b,t^k=1, 0≤α_b,t^k≤1, NK_b represents a number of vertexes of the approximate polygon in the running feasible region of the b^th combined heat and power unit, and the approximate polygon in the running feasible region of the combined heat and power unit is obtained from a factory instruction of the combined heat and power unit.

(2-7) A coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by a circulating pump in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:

$P_{P,t}=\frac{m_{P,t}g{H}_{P,t}}{10^6{\eta }_P},t=1,2,\dots ,16,$ where, P_P,t represents an active power consumed by the circulating pump at the t^th scheduling period, g represents an acceleration of gravity, η_P represents an efficiency of the circulating pump, a value of η_P ranges from 0 to 1, m_P,t represents the mass flow rate that flowing through the circulating pump at the t^th scheduling period, and H_P,t represents the head of delivery of the circulating pump at the t^th scheduling period.

(2-8) A coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by a heat pump in the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:P_hp,t=C_hphp,t,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, _hp,t represents a heating power emitted by the heat pump in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period, P_hp,t represents an electric power consumed by the heat pump at the t^th scheduling period, C_hp represents a heat generation efficiency of the heat pump, and C_hp is obtained from a factory manual of the heat pump.

(3) Inequality constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the power grid and a heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system may be set, which may include the following.

(3-1) The voltage amplitude U_i,t of the i^th node of the power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period is between a set upper and lower limits U_i, Ū_i of safe operating voltage of the power grid, in which, U_i is 0.95 times a rated voltage of the i^th node, and Ū_i is 1.05 times the rated voltage of the i^th node, i.e.:U_i≤U_i,t≤Ū_i,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(3-2) A transmission capacity S_l,t of a l^th branch of the power grid in the integrated heat and electricity system at the t^th scheduling period is less than or equal to a set maximum value S_l of the transmission capacity for safe operating of the power grid, i.e.:S_l,t≤S_l,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(3-3) Ramp constraints of active powers of combined heat and power units of the power grid of the integrated heat and electricity system are denoted by a formula of:−Δp_b^down·Δt≤p_b,t−p_b,t-1≤Δp_b^up·Δt,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, Δp_b^up represents an upward ramp rate of the active power of the b^th combined heat and power unit, Δp_b^down represents a downward ramp rate of the active power of the b^th combined heat and power unit, Δp_b^up and Δp_b^down are obtained from a factory instruction of the combined heat and power unit, Δt represents the interval between two neighboring scheduling periods, p_b,t represents the active power of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period, and p_b,t-1 represents the active power of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the (t−1)^th scheduling period.

(3-4) Ramp constraints of heating powers of combined heat and power units of the power grid of the integrated heat and electricity system are denoted by a formula of:−Δq_b^down·Δt≤q_b,t−q_b,t-1≤Δq_b^up·Δt,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, Δq_b^up represents an upward ramp rate of the heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit, Δq_b^down represents a downward ramp rate of the heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit, Δq_b^up and Δq_b^down are obtained from a factory instruction of the combined heat and power unit, Δt represents the interval between two neighboring scheduling periods, q_b,t represents the heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period, and q_b,t-1 represents the heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the (t−1)^th scheduling period.

(3-5) Ramp constraints of active powers of thermal power units of the power grid of the integrated heat and electricity system are denoted by a formula of:Δ−p_x^down·Δt≤p_x,t−p_x,t-1≤Δp_x^up·Δt,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, Δp_x^up represents an upward ramp rate of the active power of the x^th thermal power unit, Δp_x^down represents a downward ramp rate of the active power of the x^th thermal power unit, Δp_x^up and Δp_x^down are obtained from a factory instruction of the thermal power unit, Δt represents the interval between two neighboring scheduling periods, p_x,t represents the active power of the x^th thermal power unit at the t^th scheduling period, and p_x,t-1 represents the active power of the x^th thermal power unit at the (t−1)^th scheduling period.

(3-6) The active power p_b,t of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period is between a set upper and lower limits p_b and p_b of the active power of the b^th combined heat and power unit, i.e.,p_b≤p_b,t≤p_b,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(3-7) The heating power q_b,t of the b^th combined heat and power unit at the t^th scheduling period is between a set upper and lower limits q_b and q_b of the heating power of the b^th combined heat and power unit, i.e.,q_b≤q_b,t≤q_b,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(3-8) The active power p_x,t of the x^th thermal power unit at the t^th scheduling period is between a set upper and lower limits p_x, and p_x of the active power of the x^th thermal power unit, i.e.,p_x≤p_x,t≤p_x,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(3-9) The mass flow rate m_l,t of the l^th pipe at the t^th scheduling period is less than or equal to an upper limit m_l of the mass flow rate for safe operation of the heating network, i.e.:0≤m_l,t≤m_l,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(3-10) A return water temperature T_i,t of an i^th heat exchange station in the heating network at the t^th scheduling period is between a set upper and lower limits T and T of the return water temperature for safe operation of the heating network, i.e.:T≤T_i,j≤T,t=1,2, . . . ,16.

(4) Using an interior point method, the equation in the above step (1) is used as the objective function, and all equations in the above step (2) and step (3) are used as the constraints, to solve to obtain the active power and the heating power of each combined heat and power unit, the active power of each thermal power unit, the heating power of each heat pump, and the active power consumed by each circulating pump, as the intra-day rolling scheduling scheme of the integrated heat and electricity system, realizing the intra-day rolling scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system.

The intra-day rolling scheduling method for the integrated heat and electricity system, proposed by the present disclosure, has the characteristics and effects as follows. The method considers the mutual influence of the integrated heat and electricity system and realizes the intra-day rolling scheduling method for the integrated heat and electricity system. This method can continuously modify the current intra-day rolling scheduling plan to obtain a more accurate intra-day rolling scheduling scheme. Compared with independent optimization analysis of the power grid and the heating system, it may get a better scheduling scheme (lower total operating cost), and improve scheduling flexibility. The method can be applied to the formulation of the intra-day rolling scheduling method for the integrated heat and electricity system, which is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency of the integrated heat and electricity system and reducing operating costs.

Claims

1. An intra-day rolling scheduling method for an integrated heat and electricity system, comprising: establishing an objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system, the objective function aiming to make operating costs of the integrated heat and electricity system to be a minimum, the integrated heat and electricity system comprising combined heat and power units, thermal power units, heat pumps, and circulating pumps;establishing constraints for a steady-state safe operation of the integrated heat and electricity system; andsolving the objective function based on the constraints by an interior point method, to obtain an active power and a heating power of each combined heat and power unit, an active power of each thermal power unit, a heating power of each heat pump, and an active power consumed by each circulating pump, as an intra-day rolling scheduling scheme of the integrated heat and electricity system,wherein the objective function for scheduling of the integrated heat and electricity system is denoted by a formula of:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the constraints comprise: a power flow constraint of the power grid, a pipe pressure loss constraint of a heating network in the integrated heat and electricity system, a hydraulic characteristic constraint of a circulating pump of the heating network, a pipe heating loss constraint of the heating network, a temperature constraint of a junction node of a plurality of pipes of the heating network, a coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by combined heat and power units, a coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the circulating pump, a coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the heat pump, and upper and lower limit constraints.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the power flow constraint of the power grid is denoted by formulas of:

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the pipe pressure loss constraint of the heating network is denoted by a formula of: ΔHl,t=Slml,t|ml,t|,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, ΔHl,t represents a pressure loss of a lth pipe of the heating network at the tth scheduling period, Sl represents a resistance characteristic coefficient, and ml,t represents a mass flow rate of the lth pipe at the tth scheduling period.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic characteristic constraint of a circulating pump of the heating network is denoted by a formula of: HP,t=H0−SpmP,t2t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, HP,t represents a head of delivery of the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period, H0 represents a static head of delivery of the circulating pump, Sp represents a resistance coefficient of the circulating pump, and mP,t represents a mass flow rate that flowing through the circulating pump at the tth scheduling period.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the pipe heating loss constraint of the heating network is denoted by a formula of:

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature constraint of the junction node of the plurality of pipes of the heating network is denoted by a formula of:

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the combined heat and power units is denoted by formulas of: pb,t=Σk=1NKbαb,tkPbk,qb,t=Σk=1NKbαb,tkbk,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, (Pbk,bk) represents a kth vertex of an approximate convex polygon in a running feasible region of the bth combined heat and power unit, αb,tk represents a kth combination coefficient of the bth combined heat and power unit at the tth scheduling period, Σk=1NKbαb,tk=1, 0≤αb,tk≤1, and NKb represents a number of vertexes of the approximate polygon in the running feasible region of the bth combined heat and power unit.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the circulating pump is denoted by a formula of:

10. The method of claim 2, wherein the coupling constraint between the power grid and the heating network coupled by the heat pump is denoted by a formula of: Php,t=Chphp,t,t=1,2, . . . ,16,where, hp,t represents a heating power emitted by the heat pump at the tth scheduling period, Php,t represents an electric power consumed by the heat pump at the tth scheduling period, and Chp represents a heat generation efficiency of the heat pump.

11. The method of claim 3, wherein upper and lower limit constraints comprise: Ui≤Ui,t≤Ūi,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Ui represents an upper limit for safe operating voltage of the ith node, and Ūi represents a lower limit for safe operating voltage of the ith node;Sl,t≤Sl,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Sl,t represents a transmission capacity of a lth branch of the power grid, and Sl represents a maximum transmission capacity of the power grid;−Δpbdown·Δt≤pb,t−pb,t-1≤Δpbup·Δt, t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Δpbup represents an upward ramp rate of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit, Δpbdown represents a downward ramp rate of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit, and pb,t-1 represents an active power of the bth combined heat and power unit at the (t−1)th scheduling period;−Δqbdown·Δt≤qb,t−qb,t-1≤Δqbup·Δt, t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Δqbup represents an upward ramp rate of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit, Δqbdown represents a downward ramp rate of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit, and qb,t-1 represents a heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit at the (t−1)th scheduling period;−Δpxdown·Δt≤px,t−px,t-1≤Δpxup·Δt, t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Δpxup represents an upward ramp rate of the active power of the xth thermal power unit, Δpxdown represents a downward ramp rate of the active power of the xth thermal power unit, and px,t-1 represents an active power of the xth thermal power unit at the (t−1)th scheduling period;pb≤pb,t≤pb,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, pb represents an upper limit of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit and pb represents a lower limit of the active power of the bth combined heat and power unit;qb≤qb,t≤qb,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, qb represents an upper limit of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit and qb represents a lower limit of the heating power of the bth combined heat and power unit; andpx≤px,t≤px,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, wherein, px represents an upper limit of the active power of the xth thermal power unit and px represents a lower limit of the active power of the xth thermal power unit.

12. The method of claim 4, wherein upper and lower limit constraints comprise: 0≤ml,t≤ml,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, ml represents an upper limit of the mass flow rate of the heating network; andT≤Ti,t≤T,t=1, 2, . . . , 16, where, Ti,t represents a return water temperature of an ith heat exchange station in the heating network at the tth scheduling period, T represents an upper limit of the return water temperature of the heating network, and T represents a lower limit of the return water temperature of the heating network.