Patent Application
20190352501
The disclosure concerns laser direct structuring compositions with high heat stability and broader color space.
Laser direct structuring (LDS) compounds have become the dominant antenna building solution for smart phones. LDS capable thermoplastics help to integrate the structural and antenna parts. As a result, a number of LDS compounds have been developed in the market to meet different design applications.
Polycarbonate (PC) has proved to be an ideal structural material used in portable devices. However, due to the low glass transition temperature (Tg), normal PC based LDS compounds cannot be used in high heat applications. Meeting the requirements of high heat over-molding processes typically requires a heat distortion temperature over 150° C. In new generation smart phones and wearable device designs, a PC based LDS compound with high heat dimensional stability is strongly needed to meet the temperature and processing requirements. Additionally, due to customer's aesthetic design requirements, LDS components with wider color space are also necessary to meet different color design needs without hurting other properties, especially heat stability.
The disclosure concerns polycarbonate based thermoplastic materials that meet the high Tg and broader color space requirements. In some embodiments, such thermoplastic materials comprise (a) from 5 weight percent (wt. %) to 54 wt. %, or from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from 45 wt. % to 85 wt. %, or from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. % or from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C., as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein the total weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%. PPPBP is also called 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one.
The disclosure also concerns articles comprising the aforementioned thermoplastic materials as well as methods for making such materials and articles comprising such materials. Additionally, the disclosure concerns methods of improving heat resistance properties by mixing components to form the instant thermoplastic materials.
The present disclosure relates to improvements of heat resistance by a adding modified polycarbonate copolymer such as LEXAN™ XHT copolymer (grade of resin polymers commercially available from SABIC™. Given the preferred use of LDS to build antennae for smart phones and of polycarbonate to be used in portable devices, the present disclosure addresses the problem that conventional PC-based LDS compounds may not be suitable in high heat applications between 130 and 140 degrees Celsius (° C.). Specifically, processing and ambient temperatures above 140° C. are often implemented to process the PC-based LDS compound. The present disclosure relates to compositions that improve heat distortion temperatures of such compounds to over 150° C., or over about 150° C., while recovering impact strength performance.
The present disclosure also allows for a wider color space to meet esthetic needs for different color designs. Disclosed herein are polycarbonate thermoplastic compositions that exhibit improved thermal resistance and wider color space. The thermoplastic compositions comprise (a) from about 5 weight percent (wt. %) to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C., as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein the total wt. % of all components does not exceed 100%.
The thermoplastic compositions display an advantageous combination of properties that render them useful in applications which are required for both data transfer and identification, e.g., automotive, healthcare, notebook personal computers, e-books, tablet personal computers, and the like. Disclosed herein also are methods of manufacturing the thermoplastic compositions and articles prepared therefrom.
The present disclosure can be understood more readily by reference to the detailed description, examples, drawings, and claims described herein. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific thermoplastic compositions, articles, devices, systems, and/or methods disclosed unless otherwise specified, as such can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate that changes and modifications can be made to the various aspects of the disclosure described herein, while still obtaining the beneficial results of the present disclosure. It will also be apparent that some of the desired benefits of the present disclosure can be obtained by selecting some of the features of the present disclosure without utilizing other features. The following description is provided as illustrative of the principles of the present disclosure and not in limitation thereof. Various combinations of elements of this disclosure are encompassed by this disclosure, e.g., combinations of elements from dependent claims that depend upon the same independent claim.
Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as necessarily requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Where a method claim does not specifically state in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended that an order be inferred, in any respect.
All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference to, for example, describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the specification and in the claims, the term “comprising” may include the aspects “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
Unless otherwise specified, average molecular weights refer to weight average molecular weights (Mw) and percentages refer to weight percentages (wt. %) which, unless specifically stated to the contrary, are based on the total weight of the composition in which the component is included. In all cases, where combinations of ranges are provided for a given composition, the combined value of all components does not exceed 100 wt. %.
Component materials to be used to prepare disclosed thermoplastic compositions of the disclosure as well as the thermoplastic compositions themselves to be used within methods are disclosed herein. These and other materials are disclosed herein, and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions, groups, etc. of these materials are disclosed that while specific reference of each various individual and collective combinations and permutation of these compounds cannot be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein. This concept applies to all aspects of this application including, but not limited to, steps in methods of making and using the thermoplastic compositions of the disclosure.
References in the specification and concluding claims to parts by weight, of a particular element or component in a composition or article denotes the weight relationship between the element or component and any other elements or components in the composition or article for which a part by weight is expressed. Thus, in a composition containing 2 parts by weight of component X and 5 parts by weight component Y, X and Y are present at a weight ratio of 2:5, and are present in such ratio regardless of whether additional components are contained in the compound.
Compounds disclosed herein are described using standard nomenclature. For example, any position not substituted by any indicated group is understood to have its valency filled by a bond as indicated, or a hydrogen atom.
As used herein, the terms “number average molecular weight” or “Mn” can be used interchangeably, and refer to the statistical average molecular weight of all the polymer chains in the sample and is defined by the formula:
where Mi is the molecular weight of a chain and Ni is the number of chains of that molecular weight. Mn can be determined for polymers, e.g., polycarbonate polymers, by methods well known to a person having ordinary skill in the art using molecular weight standards, e.g., polycarbonate standards or polystyrene standards, preferably certified or traceable molecular weight standards.
As used herein, the terms “weight average molecular weight” or “Mw” can be used interchangeably, and are defined by the formula:
where Mi is the molecular weight of a chain and Ni is the number of chains of that molecular weight. Compared to Mn, Mw takes into account the molecular weight of a given chain in determining contributions to the molecular weight average. Thus, the greater the molecular weight of a given chain, the more the chain contributes to the Mw. Mw can be determined for polymers, e.g. polycarbonate polymers, by methods well known to a person having ordinary skill in the art using molecular weight standards, e.g. polycarbonate standards or polystyrene standards, preferably certified or traceable molecular weight standards.
As used herein, the terms “polydispersity index” or “PDI” can be used interchangeably, and are defined by the formula:
The PDI has a value equal to or greater than 1, but as the polymer chains approach uniform chain length, the PDI approaches unity.
The terms “polycarbonate” or “polycarbonates” as used herein includes copolycarbonates, homopolycarbonates and (co)polyester carbonates.
In one aspect, “substantially free of” may refer to less than 0.5 wt. % or less than about 0.5 wt. % present in a given composition or component. In another aspect, substantially free of can be less than 0.1 wt. %, or less than about 0.1 wt. %. In another aspect, substantially free of can be less than 0.01 wt. %, or less than about 0.01 wt. %. In yet another aspect, substantially free of can be less than 100 parts per million (ppm), or less than about 100 ppm. In yet another aspect, substantially free can refer to an amount, if present at all, below a detectable level.
As used herein “capable of being plated” refers to a material wherein a substantially uniform metal plating layer can be plated on laser etched area. This process is different than laser marking wherein the main outcome of laser marking is a color change in the material under the effect of energy radiation. The key characterization for laser marking is the contrast between the mark and the substrate.
Plating index is defined as the ratio between average copper thickness obtained under one laser parameter of the tested sample and that of the reference sample. The reference sample was a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) based composition for laser direct structuring (LDS) with commercial name of Pocan™ DP 7102. A plating index of over 0.7 is preferred.
The improved thermoplastic compositions described herein are particularly useful in connection with laser direct structuring (LDS) technology, providing enhanced plating performance while exhibiting relatively good mechanical properties. The disclosed thermoplastic compositions generally comprise a blend of a polycarbonate polymer including the addition of LEXAN™ XHT copolymer (grade of resin polymers commercially available from SABIC™), and at least one laser direct structuring additive; and may further optionally comprise one or more additional additives.
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions can exhibit, for example, improved mechanical, thermal, and/or morphological properties. Further, for example, the thermoplastic compositions may show either or both improved ductility and improved impact strength, without adversely affecting other mechanical and thermal properties.
A. PPPBP/BPA (XHT™ Tradename) Resin Copolymer
The compound XHT™ as used herein refers to a 2-phenyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) phthalimidine (PPPBP) carbonate and bisphenol A (PPPBP/BPA) copolycarbonate comprising about 33 mol % PPPBP polycarbonate—also called 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one. The XHT™ resin has been developed as a polycarbonate copolymer with a high heat resistance that may prove to be more color stable in high heat processing.
The terms “BPA” or “bisphenol A,” which can be used interchangeably, as used herein refers to a compound having a structure represented by the formula:
BPA can also be referred to by the name 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol; p,p′-isopropylidenebisphenol; or 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. BPA has the CAS #80-05-7.
The terms “BisAP” or “bisphenol AP,” which can be used interchangeably, as used herein refers to a compound having a structure represented by the formula:
BisAP can also be referred to by the name 4,4′-(1-phenylethylidene)bisphenol; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethane, and has the CAS #1571-75-1.
The term “PPPBP” as used herein refers to a compound having a structure represented by the formula:
PPPBP can also be referred to by the following names: 2-Phenyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimidine; N-Phenyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimidine; 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one; 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one. PPPBP has the CAS #6607-41-6.
The terms “BisAP polycarbonate” or “bisphenol AP-PC,” which can be used interchangeably, as used herein refers to a polycarbonate copolymer comprising repeating carbonate units derived from 4,4′-(1-phenylethylidene)bisphenol or BisAP and at least one other dihydroxy monomer such as a bisphenol. For example, BisAP-PC can be a polycarbonate copolymer comprising BisAP and bisphenol A monomer units.
The term “PPPBP-PC” refers to a polycarbonate copolymer comprising repeating carbonate units derived from PPPBP and at least one other dihydroxy monomer such as a bisphenol A. For example, PPPBP-PC can be a polycarbonate copolymer comprising PPPBP and bisphenol A monomer units.
The PPPBP-PC copolymer component can be present in the thermoplastic composition in the range of from at least about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. %, including the exemplary amounts of about 45 wt. %, about 50 wt. %, about 55 wt. %, about 60 wt. %, about 65 wt. %, about 70 wt. %, about 75 wt. %, about 80 wt. %, and about 85 wt. %, or within any range of amount derived from any two of the above states values, e.g., from about 45-55 wt. %, about 45-60 wt. %, about 60-85 wt. %, about 70-85 wt. %, about 75-85 wt. % or from about 80-85 wt. %. In some examples, the PPPBP-PC copolymer component can be present in the thermoplastic composition in the range of from at least about 45 wt. % to 85 wt. %, including the exemplary amounts of 45 wt. %, 50 wt. %, 55 wt. %, 60 wt. %, 65 wt. %, 70 wt. %, 75 wt. %, 80 wt. %, and 85 wt. %, or within any range of amount derived from any two of the above states values, e.g., from 45-55 wt. %, 45-60 wt. %, 60-85 wt. %, 70-85 wt. %, 75-85 wt. % or from 80-85 wt. %. In certain aspects, at least 45 wt. % may allow the composition to reach a heat distortion temperature of at least 150° C., or at least about 150° C., which may be beneficial for the thermoplastic composition's optimal application performance. For optimal performance within the thermoplastic composition, 50-55 wt. %, or about 50-55 wt. %, is preferred.
In another aspect, the PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer may have a weight average molecular weight of greater than 15,000, comprising more than 15 mole percent (mol %) structural units derived from 2-aryl-3,3-bis (4-hydroxyaryl) phthalimide (shown below):
In this aspect, R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms and aralkyl groups having 7-25 carbon atoms, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, and a halogen; and the remainder of the structural units derived from 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A). The preceding describes what can be known as a high heat polymer. Such a polymer may be defined by its heat distortion temperature above 150° C. It may also be characterized based on the chemical structure shown above. Finally, a high heat polymer may be characterized by its general application in high heat. That is, the polymer's chemical structure allowing the overall composition to withstand temperatures above 150° C., or above about 150° C., defines the “high heat” nature of the element.
B. Aromatic Polycarbonate Polymer Component
The term polycarbonate as used herein is not intended to refer to only a specific polycarbonate or group of polycarbonates, but rather refers to the any one of the class of compounds containing a repeating chain of carbonate groups of the general formula (II) below:
wherein at least 60 percent of the total number of R1 groups comprise aromatic moieties and the balance thereof comprise aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic moieties.
In one aspect, a polycarbonate material can include any one or more of those polycarbonate materials disclosed and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,786,246, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for the specific purpose of disclosing various polycarbonate thermoplastic compositions and methods for manufacture of same.
The polycarbonate polymer component can comprise copolymers comprising carbonate units and other types of polymer units, including ester units, and combinations comprising at least one of homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates. An exemplary polycarbonate copolymer of this type is the addition of XHT.
Representative polycarbonates include those exemplified within this disclosure.
The polycarbonate can, in various aspects, be prepared by a melt polymerization process. Such processes are well known and need not be described here.
The polycarbonate component can be present in the thermoplastic composition in a range bounded at the lower end by a value of from 5 wt. % to 54 wt. %, including the exemplary amounts of 10 wt. %, 15 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 25 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 35 wt. %, 40 wt. %, 45 wt. %, 50 wt. %, and 54 wt. %, or within any range of amount derived from any two of the above states values, e.g., from 5-20 wt. %, 20-50 wt. %, 30-45 wt. %, 35-40 wt. %, or from 50-54 wt. %. In further examples, The polycarbonate component can be present in the thermoplastic composition in a range bounded at the lower end by a value of from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. %, including the exemplary amounts of about 10 wt. %, about 15 wt. %, about 20 wt. %, about 25 wt. %, about 30 wt. %, about 35 wt. %, about 40 wt. %, about 45 wt. %, about 50 wt. %, and about 54 wt. %, or within any range of amount derived from any two of the above states values, e.g., from about 5-20 wt. %, about 20-50 wt. %, about 30-45 wt. %, about 35-40 wt. %, or from about 50-54 wt. %. Notably, 10-15 wt. % polycarbonate is preferred for optimal performance within the thermoplastic composition.
In aspects where the polycarbonate component comprises a blend of two or more polycarbonate polymers, it should be understood that each respective polycarbonate polymer present within the polycarbonate component can be present in any desired amount relative to the total weight percentage of the polycarbonate polymer component.
C. Polycarbonate-Siloxane Copolymer
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions may further comprise a polycarbonate-siloxane block copolymer component. As used herein, the term polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is equivalent to LEXAN™ EXL-polycarbonate (commercially available from SABIC™). Certain compositions are free of, or substantially free of, polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer.
Non-limiting examples of polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymers can comprise various copolymers available from SABIC Innovative plastics. In an aspect, the polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer can contain 6% by weight polysiloxane content based upon the total weight of the polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer. In various aspects, the 6% by weight polysiloxane block copolymer can have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from about 23,000 to 24,000 Daltons using gel permeation chromatography with a bisphenol A polycarbonate absolute molecular weight standard. In another example, the polysiloxane-polycarbonate block can comprise 20% by weight polysiloxane based upon the total weight of the polysiloxane block copolymer. For example, an appropriate polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer can be a bisphenol A polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer end-capped with para-cumyl phenol (PCP) and having a 20% polysiloxane content (see C9030P, commercially available from SABIC™ as EXL C9030P).
Representative polycarbonate-siloxane copolymers include those exemplified within this specification.
In certain aspects, if present, the at least one polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is present in an amount in a range bounded at the lower end by a value of from 0.1 wt. %, 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. % or 5 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 4 wt. % or about 5 wt. %, and at the upper end by a value of 15 wt. %, 14 wt. %, 13 wt. %, 12 wt. %, 11 wt. %, or 10 wt. %, or of about 15 wt. %, about 14 wt. %, about 13 wt. %, about 12 wt. %, about 11 wt. %, or about 10 wt. %.
In some aspects, two or more polycarbonate-siloxane copolymers may be used. For example, in some embodiments, blends of end-capped and hydroxy terminated materials may be used. In other embodiments, blends of similar chemistries having different proportions of siloxane may also be used.
The disclosed polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer block copolymers can also be end-capped. For example, according to aspects of the disclosure, a polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer block copolymer can be end capped with p-cumyl-phenol.
The polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer component can be present in the thermoplastic composition in any desired amount within the ranges prescribed herein, including exemplary amounts of 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 5 wt. %, 7 wt. %, 10 wt. %, or 15 wt. %, or about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, about 7 wt. %, about 10 wt. %, or about 15 wt. %, or within any range bounded by these values. Notably, better mechanical performance may be achieved with a greater amount of polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer. For example, greater than 5 wt. % will enhance the mechanical performance of the thermoplastic composition. For optimal performance, 8-10 wt. %, or from about 8 to about 10 wt. % polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is preferred.
D. Laser Direct Structuring Additive
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions further comprise a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive. One particularly preferred LDS additive is copper hydroxide phosphate or Cu2OHPO4. Lazerflair™ 8840, a commercially available product from Merck, comprises copper salts which comprise Cu2OHPO4.
In some aspects, at least one laser direct structuring additive is present in an amount in the composition in a range having a lower boundary of about 0.5 wt. %, 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt. %, 6 wt. %, or 7 wt. % and an upper boundary of 10 wt. %, 9 wt. %, 8 wt. %, 7 wt. %, or 6 wt. %, e.g., in a range of from 7 to 9 wt. %, from 4 to 8 wt. %, or an amount of about 7 wt. %. In further aspects, at least one laser direct structuring additive is present in an amount in the composition in a range having a lower boundary of about 0.5 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 4 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, about 6 wt. %, or about 7 wt. % and an upper boundary of about 10 wt. %, about 9 wt. %, about 8 wt. %, about 7 wt. %, or about 6 wt. %, e.g., in a range of from about 7 to about 9 wt. %, from about 4 to about 8 wt. %, or an amount of about 7 wt. %. For optimal performance, LDS additive between 5-8 wt. %, or from about 5 wt. % to about 8 wt. %, is preferred.
E. Optional Thermoplastic Composition Additives
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions may further comprise at least one oligomeric siloxane additive. While conventional laser direct structuring additives can be detrimental to the base thermoplastic resin composition, and adversely affect its properties, the presence of the siloxane additive mitigates these adverse effects providing thermoplastic compositions that are suitable for use in laser direct structuring while also maintaining or exhibiting desired performance properties.
According to aspects of the disclosure, the oligomeric siloxane additive may modify the surface pH of the LDS additive, or together, the siloxane and LDS additives may alter the surface pH of the thermoplastic composition. In another aspect, the filler composition comprises an amino siloxane additive and a copper chromate oxide that forms a chemical bond.
In some aspects, the siloxane additive is added directly during the extrusion process along with the polycarbonate polymer, the laser direct structuring additive, and any additional ingredients. In other aspects, the laser direct structuring additive may be pre-treated with a siloxane additive. Alternatively, the laser direct structuring additive may be treated with a coupling agent and/or compatibilizer and then be fed into the extrusion as the second step of the process. Either modification process or extrusion process may, for example, be performed at room temperature or 23° C.
The siloxane additive can be polymeric or oligomeric in nature or, alternatively, can be monomeric or a single compound. The at least one thermoplastic composition comprises at least one siloxane additive. The at least one siloxane additive may, for example, comprise functional groups selected from amino groups, phenyl groups, and epoxy groups. Non-limiting examples of siloxane additives may include epoxysilane, aminosilane, aminosiloxane, or phenylsiloxane. In one aspect, the siloxane additive comprises an aminosiloxane. In another aspect, the siloxane additive comprises a phenyl siloxane.
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions can optionally comprise one or more additives conventionally used in the manufacture of molded thermoplastic parts with the proviso that the optional additives do not adversely affect the desired properties of the resulting composition. Mixtures of optional additives can also be used. Such additives may be mixed at a suitable time during the mixing of the components for forming the composite mixture. For example, the disclosed thermoplastic compositions can comprise one or more fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, anti-static agents, flame-retardants, impact modifiers, colorant, antioxidant, and/or mold release agents. In one aspect, the composition further comprises one or more optional additives selected from an antioxidant, flame retardant, inorganic filler, and stabilizer.
Exemplary heat stabilizers include, for example, organo phosphites; phosphonates; phosphates, or combinations including at least one of the foregoing heat stabilizers. Heat stabilizers are generally used in amounts of from 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight (pbw), or from about 0.01 to about 0.5 pbw, based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition, excluding any filler.
Exemplary antioxidants include, for example, organophosphites; alkylated monophenols or polyphenols; alkylated reaction products of polyphenols with dienes; butylated reaction products of para-cresol or dicyclopentadiene; alkylated hydroquinones; hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers; alkylidene-bisphenols; benzyl compounds; amides or esters of beta-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid; esters of beta-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols; esters of thioalkyl or thioaryl compounds; or combinations including at least one of the foregoing antioxidants. Antioxidants are generally used in amounts of from 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition, excluding any filler.
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions can further comprise an optional filler, such as, for example, an inorganic filler or reinforcing agent. The specific composition of filler, if present, can vary, provided that the filler is chemically compatible with the remaining components of the thermoplastic composition. In one aspect, the thermoplastic composition comprises a mineral filler such as talc.
In another aspect, an exemplary filler can comprise metal silicates and silica powders; boron-containing oxides of aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), or titanium (Ti); anhydrous or hydrated calcium sulfate; wollastonite; hollow and/or solid glass spheres; kaolin; single crystal metallic or inorganic fibers or “whiskers”; glass or carbon fibers (including continuous and chopped fibers, including flat glass fibers); sulfides of molybdenum (Mo) or zinc (Zn); barium compounds; metals and metal oxides; flaked fillers; fibrous fillers; short inorganic fibers reinforcing organic fibrous fillers formed from organic polymers capable of forming fibers (e.g., polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)); and fillers and reinforcing agents such as mica, clay, feldspar, flue dust, fillite, quartz, quartzite, perlite, tripoli, diatomaceous earth, carbon black, or the like, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing fillers or reinforcing agents.
Exemplary light stabilizers include, for example, benzotriazoles, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-benzotriazole and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy benzophenone or a combination thereof. Light stabilizers are generally used in amounts of from 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight (pbw) or about 0.1 pbw to about 1.0 pbw, based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition, excluding any filler.
Exemplary plasticizers include, for example, phthalic acid esters such as dioctyl-4,5-epoxy-hexahydrophthalate, tris-(octoxycarbonylethyl)isocyanurate, tristearin, epoxidized soybean oil or the like, or combinations including at least one of the foregoing plasticizers. Plasticizers are generally used in amounts of from 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, or from about 0.5 pbw to about 3 pbw, based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition, excluding any filler.
Exemplary antistatic agents include, for example, glycerol monostearate, sodium stearyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or the like, or combinations of the foregoing antistatic agents. In one aspect, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, or any combination of the foregoing may be used in a polymeric resin containing chemical antistatic agents to render the composition electrostatically dissipative.
Exemplary mold releasing agents or lubricants include for example stearates (including metal or alkyl stearates) or waxes. When used, mold releasing agents are generally used in amounts of from 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight (or from about 0.1 pbw to about 1 pbw), or from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight (or from about 0.1 pbw to about 5 pbw) based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition, excluding any filler.
The disclosed thermoplastic compositions can optionally further comprise a flame retardant additive. Where present, the flame retardant additive can comprise one or more phosphate-containing or a halogen-containing material. Flame retardant additives are generally commercially available.
Additionally, materials to improve flow and other properties may be added to the composition, such as low molecular weight hydrocarbon resins. Particularly useful classes of low molecular weight hydrocarbon resins are those derived from petroleum C5 to C9 feedstock that are derived from unsaturated C5 to C9 monomers obtained from petroleum cracking, for example C5-12 olefins or diolefins or aromatic hydrocarbons
In one aspect, the method comprises forming a molded part from the formed blend composition. In another aspect, the method further comprises subjecting the molded part to a laser direct structuring process.
In a further aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for making the thermoplastic compositions described herein, the method comprising forming a blended composition comprising (a) from 5 wt. % to 54 wt. %, or from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from 45 wt. % to 85 wt. %, or from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, or from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C., as determined by ASTM D 648
In another aspect, the method involves three steps: 1) injection molding, 2) laser structuring, and optionally 3) metallizing the laser structured composition.
In a further aspect, during the injection molding step, the laser direct structuring additive may be mixed with the polycarbonate polymer. In another aspect, the blend composition further comprises one or more optional additives selected from an antioxidant, flame retardant, inorganic filler, and stabilizer. In a still further aspect, single shot injection molding can be used to produce the parts or articles to be laser structured. In at least one aspect, the thermoplastic composition may be mixed at this step and used in the LDS process. In another aspect, additional ingredients may be added to the thermoplastic composition after this step.
The polycarbonate thermoplastic compositions can be manufactured by various methods known in the art. For example, powdered polycarbonate, and other optional components are first blended, optionally with any fillers, in a high speed mixer or by hand mixing. The blend is then fed into the throat of a twin-screw extruder via a hopper. Alternatively, at least one of the components can be incorporated into the composition by feeding it directly into the extruder at the throat and/or downstream through a sidestuffer, or by being compounded into a master batch with a desired polymer and fed into the extruder. The extruder is generally operated at a temperature higher than that necessary to cause the composition to flow. The extrudate can be immediately quenched in a water bath and pelletized. The pellets so prepared can be one-fourth inch long or less as desired. Such pellets can be used for subsequent molding, shaping, or forming.
In a further aspect, during the laser structuring step, a laser is used to form a conductive path during the laser structuring step. The laser structuring step may comprise laser direct structuring or laser etching. In a further aspect, laser etching is carried out to provide an activated surface. In a further aspect, at least one laser beam draws at least one pattern on the surface of the thermoplastic composition during the laser structuring step. In another aspect, the employed thermoplastic composition may release at least one metallic nucleus. The at least one metallic nucleus that has been released may act as a catalyst for reductive copper plating process.
The laser etching is carried out at 1 Watt (W) to 10 W, or from about 1 Watt to about 10 Watt, power with (a) a frequency from 30 kilohertz (kHz) to 110 kHz, or from about 30 kHz to about 110 kHz, and a speed of 1 meters per second (m/s) to 5 m/s, or from about 1 m/s to about 5 m/s; or (b) a frequency from 40 kHz to 100 kHz, or from about 40 kHz to about 100 kHz, and a speed of 2 m/s to 4 m/s or from about 2 m/s to about 4 m/s. In another aspect, laser etching is carried out at 3.5 W or about 3.5 Watt power with a frequency of 40 kHz or about 40 kHz and a speed of 2 m/s or about 2 m/s.
In a further aspect, the LDS process may result in formation of a rough surface. The rough surface may entangle the copper plate with the polymer matrix in the thermoplastic composition providing adhesion between the copper plate and the thermoplastic composition.
The metallizing step can, in various aspects, be performed using conventional electroless or electrolytic plating techniques (e.g., using an electroless copper plating bath). In a still further aspect, the metallization can comprise the steps: a) cleaning the etched surface; b) additive build-up of tracks; and c) plating.
Shaped, formed, or molded articles including the thermoplastic compositions are also provided. The thermoplastic compositions can be molded into useful shaped articles by a variety of means such as injection molding, extrusion, rotational molding, blow molding and thermoforming to form articles such as, for example, personal computers, notebook and portable computers, cell phone antennas and other such communications equipment, medical applications, radio frequency identifications (RFID) applications, automotive applications, and the like.
The blended thermoplastic compositions, or compounds, disclosed herein provide robust plating performance while maintaining good mechanical properties, for example, a notched Izod impact energy at 23° C. or at −20° C. as described elsewhere herein. Evaluation of the mechanical properties can be performed through various tests, such as Izod test, Charpy test, Gardner test, etc., according to several standards (e.g., ASTM D256). Unless specified to the contrary, all test standards described herein refer to the most recent standard in effect at the time of filing of this application.
In several aspects, the LDS compounds include a fixed loading amount of an LDS additive, such as copper chromium oxide, and varying amounts of thermoplastic base resins. In such aspects, fixed loading amounts of a stabilizer, an antioxidant, and a mold release agent were maintained in the LDS compounds.
In one aspect, the article comprises the product of extrusion molding or injection molding a composition comprising (a) from 5 wt. % to 54 wt. %, or from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from 45 wt. % to 85 wt. %, or from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, or from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C., as determined by ASTM D 648. This molding includes a dramatically increased heat resistance as a result of the addition of LEXAN™ XHT resin copolymer, thus enabling the composition to meet the requirements of the high temperature processes it undergoes.
In a further aspect, the molded article further comprises a conductive path formed by activation with a laser. In a yet further aspect, the article further comprises a metal layer plated onto the conductive path.
In various aspects, the thermoplastic composition may be used in the field of electronics. In a further aspect, non-limiting examples of fields which may use 3D MIDs, LDS process, or thermoplastic composition include electrical, electro-mechanical, Radio Frequency (RF) technology, telecommunication, automotive, aviation, medical, sensor, military, and security.
In one aspect, molded articles according to the present disclosure can be used to produce a device in one or more of the foregoing fields. Such devices which may use three dimensional (3D) molded interconnect devices (MIDs), LDS processes, or thermoplastic compositions according to the present disclosure include, for example, computer devices, household appliances, decoration devices, electromagnetic interference devices, printed circuits, Wi-Fi devices, Bluetooth devices, global positioning system (GPS) devices, cellular antenna devices, smart phone devices, automotive devices, military devices, aerospace devices, medical devices, such as hearing aids, sensor devices, security devices, shielding devices, radio frequency (RF) antenna devices, or radio frequency identification (RFID) devices.
In a further aspect, the resulting disclosed compositions can be used to provide any desired shaped, formed, or molded articles. For example, the disclosed thermoplastic compositions may be molded into useful shaped articles by a variety of means such as injection molding, extrusion, rotational molding, blow molding and thermoforming. As noted above, the disclosed thermoplastic compositions are particularly well suited for use in the manufacture of electronic components and devices. As such, according to some aspects, the disclosed thermoplastic compositions can be used to form articles such as printed circuit board carriers, burn in test sockets, flex brackets for hard disk drives, and the like.
While colorants or dyes or pigments may be used in the present invention, they are not required. These colorants may be used because the natural color of the composition is much lighter than previous LDS compositions using an LDS additive that resulted in a composition that was black, or close to black, such that no colorant may have been effective. Accordingly, the compositions of the present disclosure have certain values for colorimetric coordinates L*, a*, b*. In one embodiment, an L* value of 40 to 95 or 40 to 85 may be observed. In an alternative embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure have, in one embodiment, an L* value of 45 to 80. In yet another alternative embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure have, in one embodiment, an L* value of 50 to 75. The “L* value” describes the lightness-darkness property. If the L* value is 0, the object is black. If the L* value is 100 the object is white. The L* value is always positive. Compositions having an L* value further away from the extremes (0 and 100) have a more natural color, which may be the selected color for a specific application or which may enable the composition to be more easily colored. L* is measured using ASTM 2244 With 10 degree observer; International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Standard Illuminant D65 illuminant; specular component included (SCI) reflectance; and large aperture). The compositions having a L* of 40 to 85 results in the compositions having color space that could be achieved based on this light color naturally in the range of from 28 to 94. As used herein, the L* of the material naturally is the value of material without any colorant. Having values further away from 0 for L* results in a composition that has a much wider “color space”. The “color space” is the range of L* that can be achieved using an optional colorant, pigment and/or dye. The compositions of the present disclosure have a much larger color space as compared to prior art LDS compositions, such that the compositions of the present disclosure are colorable.
The color properties of the composition may also be defined using the a* and b* values. The a* value describes the position on a red-green axis. If a* is positive, the shade is red and if a* is negative, the shade is green. The b* value describes the position on a yellow-blue axis. If b* is positive, the shade is yellow and if b* is negative, the shade is blue. When a* and b* are near zero and L is bigger, the result is a lighter color for the composition. For compositions of the present invention, it is beneficial for the a* and b* values naturally occurring in the compositions to be closer to zero since, as before, this enables a much larger color space to be achieved. In one embodiment, the compositions have an a* value of from −1 to −5 and a b* value of from −5 to 20. This results in a color space capable of being achieved by the compositions of −50 to 52 for a* and −40 to 80 for b*. Again, as may be seen, since the compositions of the present invention utilize an LDS additive that is not darker in nature, a much wider array of color possibilities is possible. ASTM 2244 is also used to determine a* and b* values.
The present disclosure comprises at least the following aspects.
Aspect 1. A thermoplastic composition comprising: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt; wherein articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 2. A thermoplastic composition consisting essentially of: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt; wherein articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 3. A thermoplastic composition consisting of: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt; wherein articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 4. A thermoplastic composition consisting essentially of: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 2 wt. % to about 8 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt; wherein articles comprising the composition have a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 5. The thermoplastic composition of any of Aspects 1-4, the copper salt based laser direct structuring additive comprises copper hydroxide phosphate.
Aspect 6. The thermoplastic composition of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein laser direct structuring additive comprises Cu2OHPO4.
Aspect 7. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-6, wherein the PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of greater than 15,000, comprising more than 15 mole percent structural units derived from 2-aryl-3,3-bis (4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimide (Formula I):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms and aralkyl groups having 7-25 carbon atoms, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, and a halogen; and the remainder of the structural units derived from 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A).
Aspect 8. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-7, wherein the inclusion of PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer raises the heat distortion temperature of the overall thermoplastic composition between about 5% and about 30% compared to the heat distortion temperature of the thermoplastic composition without the PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer.
Aspect 9. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-7, wherein the inclusion PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer in raises the heat distortion temperature of the overall thermoplastic composition by at least 5%, but no more than 25% compared to the heat distortion temperature of the thermoplastic composition without the PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer.
Aspect 10. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-9, wherein the aromatic polycarbonate component is about 10 wt. % to about 15 wt. %.
Aspect 11. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-10, wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises a PPPBP polycarbonate copolymer from about 50 wt. % to about 70 wt. %.
Aspect 12. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-10, wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises a PPPBP polycarbonate copolymer from about 55 wt. % to about 65 wt. %.
Aspect 13. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-10, wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises a PPPBP polycarbonate copolymer from about 60 wt. % to about 65 wt. %.
Aspect 14. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-14, wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises at least one laser direct structuring additive from about 5 wt. % to about 8 wt. %.
Aspect 15. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-14, wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises at least one laser direct structuring additive from about 4 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
Aspect 16. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-15, wherein the at least one aromatic polycarbonate comprises at least one polycarbonate polymer having a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 20,000 g/mol and a second polycarbonate polymer have a molecular weight (Mw) of less than 20,000 g/mol.
Aspect 17. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-16, additionally comprising one or more additives selected from an impact modifier, flow modifier, antioxidant, heat stabilizer, light stabilizer, ultraviolet (UV) light stabilizer, UV absorbing additive, plasticizer, lubricant, antistatic agent, anti-fog agent, antimicrobial agent, or anti-drip agent.
Aspect 18. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-17, comprising (a) from about 23 wt. % to about 37 wt. % of the at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 55 wt. % to about 75 wt. % of the at least one high heat resistance PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 2 wt. % to about 8 wt. % of the at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive.
Aspect 19. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-18, comprising (a) from about 23 wt. % to about 37 wt. % of the at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 60 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the at least one high heat resistance PPPBP-polycarbonate copolymer; and (c) from about 2 wt. % to about 8 wt. % of the at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive.
Aspect 20. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-19 that is substantially free of reflection additive.
Aspect 21. The thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-20 that is substantially free of polycarbonate-polysiloxane copolymer.
Aspect 22. An article comprising a thermoplastic composition of any one of Aspects 1-21.
Aspect 23. The article of Aspect 22, wherein the article is selected from a computer device, electromagnetic interference device, printed circuit, Wi-Fi device, Bluetooth device, GPS device, cellular antenna device, smart phone device, automotive device, medical device, sensor device, security device, shielding device, RF antenna device, LED device and RFID device.
Aspect 24. The article of Aspect 22 or Aspect 23, wherein the article is a component of a cell phone antenna.
Aspect 25. A method of improving heat resistance properties of a blended thermoplastic composition, the method comprising the step of combining: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (d) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the composition has a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 26. A method of improving heat resistance properties of a blended thermoplastic composition, the method consisting essentially of: the step of combining: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (d) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the composition has a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 27. A method of improving heat resistance properties of a blended thermoplastic composition, the method consisting of: the step of combining: (a) from about 5 wt. % to about 54 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate; (b) from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of at least one high heat resistance 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one (PPPBP)-polycarbonate copolymer; and (d) from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of at least one laser direct structuring additive comprising a copper salt based laser direct structuring additive; wherein the thermoplastic composition is capable of being plated after being activated using a laser; wherein the composition has a heat distortion temperature higher than 150° C. as determined by ASTM D 648; and wherein all weight percent values are based on the total weight of the composition and the combined weight percent of all components does not exceed 100%.
Aspect 28. A method of manufacturing an article comprising molding an article from the thermoplastic composition of Aspect 1, exposing the laser activatable additive to a laser to form an activated area, and plating a metal layer onto the activated area.
Aspect 29. A method of manufacturing an article comprising molding an article from the thermoplastic composition any of Aspects 1-21, exposing the laser activatable additive to a laser to form an activated area, and plating a metal layer onto the activated area.
The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how the methods, devices, and systems disclosed and claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the disclosure. Best efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.), but some errors and deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise, weight percent, temperature is in degrees Celsius (° C.) (ambient temperature unless specified otherwise), and pressure is at or near atmospheric.
Molded articles were prepared for analysis as described herein. Table 1 describes extrusion conditions by which PC based LDS composites including modified PC copolymer XHT™ were prepared.
The molding process was carried out in a range of from 285 to 290° C. with an injection speed of 50 millimeters per minute (mm/min), and a maximum injection pressure of 1000 kilogram-force per square centimeter (kgf/cm2). The mold temperature was kept at 90° C. Table 2 describes the molding conditions of the polycarbonate based LDS composites.
The formulations may contain primary antioxidant and secondary antioxidants that are well known to those known in the arts.
Table 4 illustrates some primary results based on molding parts of examples showing effect of both PPPBP/BPA copolymer and LDS additives on heat resistance, color, LDS performance and mechanical properties. Normal polycarbonate of different molecular weights (C017 and C023A) were used in the examples. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) was greatly improved from 114° C. to 155° C. by adding 64 wt. % PPPBP/BPA copolymer in the formulation. With implementation of light LDS additive to replace dark LDS additive, the L* has dramatically increased from 29 to 45 (both Ex. 3 and Ex. 4). This gives the high heat formula much broader color space, without hurting thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. For the plating property, Ex. 3 and Ex. 4 performed slightly poorer as characterized by plating index test than Ex. 2, but the performance was still acceptable.
Tests were all conducted in accordance with ASTM, ISO standards, according to: Density (ISO 1183); Notched Izod impact strength (ASTM D 256); Tensile testing, 50 mm/min (ASTM D638); Flexural testing, 1.27 mm/min (ASTM D790); heat deflection temperature HDT, 1.82 MPa, 3.2 mm thickness bar (ASTM D 648); Dielectric constant and dielectric loss (ASTM D 150).
Tensile properties (modulus, strength, and strength at yield) were measured on 3.2 mm bars in accordance with ISO 527 using sample bars prepared in accordance with ISO 3167 Type 1A multipurpose specimen standards. Tensile strength (for either at break or at yield, in units of MPa), tensile modulus (ion units of gigaPascals, GPa), and tensile elongation (%) are reported at break.
Flexural properties (modulus and strength) were measured using 3.2 mm bars in accordance with ISO 178. Flexural strength (in units of MPa) and flexural modulus (in units of GPa) are reported at yield.
The notched Izod impact (“NII”) test was carried out on 80 mm×10 mm×4 mm molded samples (bars) according to ISO180 at 23° C. Test samples were conditioned in ASTM standard conditions of 23° C. and 55% relative humidity for 48 hours and then were evaluated. NII was determined using a Ceast™ Impact Tester.
The results show that the heat resistance can be dramatically improved by adding PPPBP-PC copolymer in formulation to meet the requirement of high temperature process. The color performance in terms of L*-a*-b* value shows a much wider potential color space by adopting Cu2OHPO4 as LDS additive compared to conventional LDS additives.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other aspects of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/444,934, filed Jan. 11, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2017/052315 | 4/21/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62444934 | Jan 2017 | US |
