Patent Application
20130128906
The present invention relates to a laser oscillation apparatus capable of generating strong laser light using a self-oscillation system which includes an optical accumulation resonator and obtaining higher peak strength with pulse driving.
Recently, there has been performed development of a small-sized light source device utilizing laser Compton scattering. Strength of such a light source device as a light source depends on strength of a realizable laser target. In a case of being based on pulse-driven linear accelerator, laser light is adopted with a method to use high-strength pulse laser or to be used as being temporally burst-amplified.
In contrast, in a case to increase mean strength of laser with a continuously-operated system based on an accumulation ring type apparatus and a superconducting accelerator utilizing Compton scattering, high-strength laser targets are continuously required.
In a traditional X-ray generating device (e.g., see Patent Literature 1) which generates an X-ray with laser inverse Compton scattering at collision between laser light and electrons, strong laser light is generated using a laser generating device which includes a known high-strength mode-locking oscillator (e.g., high-strength mode-locking oscillator having performance of 500 W, 10 psec/pulse, wavelength of 1064 nm, and a repetition frequency of 150 MHz) and an optical accumulation resonator.
Here, the optical accumulation resonator denotes an optical resonator which confines laser light in a space formed by closing an optical path with a plurality of mirrors. This is a promising technology with which high-strength laser light can be continuously actualized as effectively strengthening light from a relatively low-power laser light source.
However, since a high-strength mode-locking oscillator used in such a traditional laser oscillation apparatus is extremely expensive, there has been a problem that the laser oscillation apparatus itself becomes expensive. Further, a traditional laser oscillation apparatus has a drawback to require an advanced technology for controlling a resonance state of an optical resonator in high accuracy, which determines technical limitation of an increase rate.
Further, with a traditional laser oscillation apparatus, there has been a problem that stable accumulation cannot be performed without considerable high accuracy of feedback control for accumulating laser pulses generated by a high-strength mode locking oscillator as guiding to an optical accumulation resonator. Further, with a traditional laser oscillation apparatus, there has been a problem that laser pulse energy in an optical accumulation resonator can be obtained only on the order of 100 μJ/pulse with accumulation amplification by a factor only on the order of 1000.
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser oscillation apparatus capable of stabilizing resonance even when finesses (an accumulation amplification degree) of an optical resonator is increased and generating laser light stronger than a traditional one by accumulating laser light in the optical resonator.
To address the above issues, the present invention, as a first embodiment, provides a laser oscillation apparatus including a laser light source which generates laser light for excitation, a fiber amplifier which generates laser light with a desired wavelength from the laser light, an optical resonator which resonates and accumulates the laser light generated by the fiber amplifier, and an optical isolator which is arranged at an output side of the fiber amplifier and which guides the laser light to one side of the optical resonator while blocking laser light in the opposite direction. In the above, the fiber amplifier, the optical resonator and the optical isolator are formed as a circulation optical path for resonating the laser light. Further, an amplitude modulator of an active mode-locking type which performs amplitude modulation on the laser light with a modulation signal adjusted to an integral multiple of a frequency corresponding to a length of the circulation optical path is arranged at an input side of the fiber amplifier.
Further, the present invention, as a second embodiment, provides a laser oscillation apparatus including a laser light source which generates laser light for excitation, a fiber amplifier which generates laser light with a desired wavelength from the laser light, an optical resonator which resonates and accumulates the laser light generated by the fiber amplifier, and an optical isolator which is arranged at an output side of the fiber amplifier and which guides the laser light to one side of the optical resonator while blocking laser light in the opposite direction. In the above, the fiber amplifier, the optical resonator and the optical isolator are formed as a circulation optical path for resonating the laser light. Further, an amplitude modulator of a reactivation mode-locking type which performs amplitude modulation on the laser light with a frequency signal of the laser light circling on the circulation optical path as monitoring output of the optical isolator is arranged at an input side of the fiber amplifier.
Here, the amplitude modulator of the reactivation mode-locking type has a feature of including a photodiode which extracts a part of laser light from the fiber amplifier, a first RF amplifier which amplifies an output signal of the photodiode, a band-pass filter which extracts an RF signal in a frequency band desired for growing among output signals of the RF amplifier, a phase modulator which performs phase modulation of the RF signal passing through the band-pass filter, and a second RF amplifier which drives the amplitude modulator with the phase-modulated RF signal.
Further, a second fiber amplifier which generates laser light with a desired wavelength from the laser light is arranged on the circulation optical path.
Further, an adjustment cable which finely adjusts an optical path length of the circulation optical path is arranged on the circulation optical path.
Here, the optical resonator has a feature of being a Fox Smith interferometer type resonator including at least two concave mirrors which are mutually faced at a predetermined interval.
Further, the optical resonator has a feature of including a piezoelectric adjustor which finely adjusts a resonator length formed by the two concave mirrors in accordance with the desired-wavelength laser light.
Further, the fiber amplifier has a feature of being structured with the optical fiber including a core to which Yb is doped.
With the above, according to the laser oscillation apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to stabilize resonance even when finesses of the optical resonator is increased and to generate strong laser light as accumulating laser light in the optical resonator.
Further, owing to that amplitude modulation is provided to the present apparatus being a self-oscillation system with combination of an accumulation resonator and an amplifier, circling laser light has a stable pulse configuration at intervals corresponding to a resonator length. Accordingly, since pulse operation causing strength increase concurrently in the accumulation resonator can be performed, higher peak strength can be obtained.
Further, in the present apparatus, owing to that amplitude modulation is provided to the self-oscillation system as electrically extracting a noise of the laser oscillator itself, it is possible to feedback a modulated signal which is accurately matched with a fundamental frequency of the system.
a) and 4(b) indicate results with resonator mirrors without coating measuring a PD1 signal with a spectrum analyzer as a modulator being OFF.
a) and 5(b) indicate results with the resonator mirrors without coating measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being ON.
a) and 7(b) illustrate results with resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 90% measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being OFF.
a) and 8(b) illustrate observed results of noise peaks of the PD1 at reactivation mode-locking with the present apparatus due to spectrum analyzer measurement.
a) and 10(b) indicate results with resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 99% measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being OFF.
a) and 11(b) indicate results with the resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 99% measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being ON.
a) and 14(b) indicate results with resonator mirrors without coating measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as a modulator being OFF.
a) and 16(b) indicate results with the resonator mirrors without coating measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being ON.
a) and 17(b) indicate results with the resonator mirrors without coating measuring a PD1 signal with the oscilloscope as the modulator being ON.
a) and 18(b) indicate results with resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 90% measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being OFF.
a) and 19(b) indicate waveforms of a PD1 signal with the resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 90% as the modulator being OFF.
a) and 20(b) indicate results with the resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 90% measuring a PD1 signal with the spectrum analyzer as the modulator being ON.
a) and 21(b) indicate waveforms of a PD1 signal with the resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 90% as the modulator being ON.
The above is different from a traditional type in that the resonator portion and the amplifying portion configure the laser oscillator as being integrated as a whole. In the traditional type, deviation from resonance conditions due to vibration and the like is forcedly prevented with a high-speed and high-accuracy feedback technology. In contrast, since the oscillation circuit itself automatically follows resonance conditions, the new type has an advantage that a resonance state is maintained without any control performed.
An amplifying portion having a high gain is required for compensating a loss of a complicated optical path transmitted through a resonator. Therefore, a fiber amplifier capable of obtaining a high gain with a single path is a key of development of the system. A closed optical system (circling oscillation) which generates self-oscillation was conceived owing to basic study on an optical accumulation resonator and high-efficiency fiber laser amplifying method. In the optical resonator of a high finesse type, only resonating laser light is accumulated. Accordingly, accumulation of laser light is actualized with stable laser light amplification by returning laser light transmitted through the optical resonator to a high-efficiency fiber laser amplifier.
Confirmation was obtained on capability of amplifying laser light resonating in the optical resonator with the high-efficiency fiber laser amplifier and accumulating laser light laser light obtained through stable amplification in the optical resonator.
At that time, confirmation was obtained on existence of laser light in the optical resonator having energy of 10,000 times of energy of laser light entering to the optical resonator.
Then, confirmation was obtained on capability of generating beams of a range from a soft X-ray to a γ-ray as placing the optical resonator in an emission path of an accelerator which accelerates an electron beam, guiding the electron beam sufficiently accelerated at the accelerator to the emission path, and colliding the electron beam directly with laser light in the optical resonator.
To be on the safe side for a gain to satisfy oscillation conditions, two fiber amplifiers are arranged and both of the fiber amplifiers 1, 2 are Yb fiber amplifiers. A Yb fiber is a double-clad type fiber having Yb doped to a core. When laser light (laser light for excitation) with a predetermined wavelength is supplied and excited, the Yb fiber generates and supplies laser light with a wavelength being different therefrom.
Optical isolators 1, 2 are inserted at two positions to define a circling direction. According to the optical isolator, laser light supplied to a terminal is emitted from a terminal after passing therethrough.
A laser light source which generates laser light for excitation is structured with a laser diode LD, an optical isolator 3, and the abovementioned branching/multiplexing unit (WDM). The laser diode is structured with a semiconductor laser element and the like which generate laser light having a wavelength required for exciting the fiber amplifier. When drive voltage is received, the laser diode generates laser light and supplies the laser light to the optical isolator on a route in the order of the laser diode, the optical fiber and a terminal of the optical isolator.
According to a configuration of the optical isolator 3, laser light supplied to a terminal is emitted from a terminal after passing therethrough. Further, laser light supplied to the terminal is blocked so as not to be emitted from the terminal. When laser light is supplied from the laser diode, the optical isolator 3 introduces the laser light via the optical fiber which is connected to the terminal and makes the laser light pass therethrough to emit the laser light from the terminal, so that the laser light is supplied to the branching/multiplexing unit on a route in the order of the terminal, the optical fiber and the branching/multiplexing unit. Further, when laser light supplied to the terminal via the optical fiber as being emitted from the branching/multiplexing unit, the laser light is blocked to protect the laser diode.
According to a configuration of the branching/multiplexing unit, when laser light having a first wavelength and laser light having a second wavelength are entered from respective terminals at one side, multiplexing thereof is performed to be emitted from a terminal at the other side. Further, when multiplexed laser light is entered from the terminal, branching thereof is performed and the branched laser light is emitted respectively from the terminals. When laser light is emitted from the optical isolator 3 and supplied to the terminal which is connected to the optical fiber, the branching/multiplexing unit introduces and supplies the laser light to the fiber amplifier 2 which is connected to the terminal. Further, when laser light is emitted from the fiber amplifier 2 and supplied to the terminal, the branching/multiplexing unit branches the laser light, emits the laser light having the branched wavelength from the terminal, and supplies the laser light to the optical isolator on a route in the order of the terminal of the branching/multiplexing unit, the optical fiber and the terminal of the optical isolator.
Further, according to a configuration of the optical isolator 2, laser light supplied to a terminal is introduced and emitted from a terminal after passing therethrough. Further, laser light supplied to the terminal is blocked so as not to be emitted from the terminal. When laser light emitted from the branching/multiplexing unit is supplied on a route in the order of the terminal of the branching/multiplexing unit, the optical fiber and the terminal, the optical isolator 2 supplies the laser light to the optical system on a route in the order of the terminal, the optical fiber, the amplitude modulator, the fiber amplifier 1 and the optical isolator 1 while making the laser light pass therethrough. Further, when laser light is supplied from the optical system on a route in the order of the optical system, the optical fiber and the terminal, the optical isolator 1 blocks the laser light to prevent returning to the branching/multiplexing unit.
Here, the adjustment cable is arranged at the circulation optical path for finely adjusting an optical path length of the circulation optical path. The adjustment cable is formed of a fiber as well.
The adjustment cable and the fiber amplifier are polarization-nonconservative. Here, since a polarization face is required to be matched to a polarization-conservative system at the modulator and after, a paddle-type polarization controller is inserted. A 10% coupler is arranged at the end of the fiber system, so that a part (10%) of circling light is extracted and monitored with a photodiode (PD).
To cause pulsing with an active mode-locking method, the amplitude modulator is driven with an RF signal provided from the outside.
The matching lens group 1 is connected to the fiber via the collimator lens 1 as including a plurality of mirrors which reflect laser light and matching lenses which adjust a laser light diameter and the like. The matching lens group 1 introduces laser light from the collimator lens 1, adjusts a diameter, a polarization direction and the like while reflecting the laser light, and enters the laser light to the optical resonator which is placed in the emission path of an accelerator for accelerating an electron beam.
The optical resonator includes a resonator body (not illustrated) which is placed in the emission path of the accelerator for accelerating an electron beam, a concave mirror which is attached to the resonator body having a reflection rate being 90% or higher and a curvature radius of 250 mm, a concave mirror which is attached to the resonator body having a reflection rate being 90% or higher and a curvature radius of 250 mm as being apart from the concave mirror by a distance corresponding to a wavelength of laser light in a fashion that concave faces are mutually opposed, and a piezoelectric element which adjusts a position, an attaching angle and the like of the concave mirror with deformation thereof in accordance with applied voltage as being placed between a back face of the concave mirror and the resonator body. When laser light is supplied from the matching lens group 1 or the matching lens group 2 to the back face of each concave mirror, the optical resonator causes the laser light to transmit through the concave mirrors and adjusts a phase thereof while confining and accumulating the laser light between the concave mirrors. In parallel to the above operation, a part of strong laser light accumulated between the concave mirrors is emitted from the respective concave mirrors and supplied to the matching lens group 1 and the matching lens group 2.
The matching lens group 2 is connected to the fiber via the collimator lens 2 as including a plurality of mirrors which reflect laser light and matching lenses which adjust a laser light diameter. The matching lens group 2 introduces supplied laser light, adjusts a diameter, a polarization direction and the like while reflecting the laser light, and enters the laser light to the optical resonator. Further, the matching lens group 2 introduces laser light emitted from the optical resonator, adjusts a diameter, a polarization direction and the like while reflecting the laser light, and supplies the laser light to a terminal of an output coupler via the optical fiber as emitting from the collimator lens 2.
As described above, laser light is entered to the optical resonator from the fiber to the free space after being emitted from the collimator lens 1 and adjusted with the pair of matching lenses. A length of the optical resonator is adjusted to 420 mm (frequency: 357 MHz) with later-mentioned adjustment. A micrometer stage is attached to one resonator mirror to be used for fine adjustment of the optical resonator length. The other optical resonator mirror is piezoelectrically driven to be used for scanning at the time of adjustment. Laser light passes through a symmetric optical system after transmitting through the optical resonator and is input to the fiber again from the collimator lens 2. A part thereof is reflected by a beam sampler at some midpoint. PD2 monitors the reflected light of the resonator and PD3 monitors transmitted light of the optical resonator.
Respective parts are monitored by PD1 to PD3. At that time, it is required to establish association between monitored power and power at each part of the circulation optical path. This is because calibration is required to be performed in a case that an oscillation wavelength of the apparatus being about 1035 nm is different from a wavelength of each element of a commercially available resonator mirror or the like. As monitoring points of the circulation optical path in the above case, association is established by measuring power of each part using ASE light generated with excitation of the fiber amplifier 1.
Description will be performed on adjustment of repetition frequency of the optical resonator and adjustment of the circulation optical path for performing pulse operation of a self-oscillation system with the abovementioned structure.
To determine an optical system in the free space, the adjustment is to be performed using mode-locking laser at 714 MHz, for example. First, it is targeted to accurately determine the resonator length of the optical resonator. The resonator has a structure of FSR being 357 MHz while concave mirrors having a curvature diameter of 250 mm are mutually faced with a distance of 420 mm.
As illustrated in
Next, adjustment of the circulation optical path will be described. A base plate of the optical resonator mirror can be replaced with another one having the same shape without coating. In this case, although an optical length which corresponds to the optical resonator length is included, a resonance phenomenon does not occur. Here, some matching deviation can be restored by finely adjusting the mirror at the fiber re-inputting portion. Thus, it is basically to be a simple ring-laser structure. When a signal of the photodiode PD1 is measured with a spectrum analyzer while the amplitude modulator is in an RF-OFF state and the fiber amplifier is ON, a super-mode noise peak corresponding to the optical path length of circulation can be observed. In this state, paddle adjustment of the polarization controller and DC-offset adjustment of the amplitude modulator are performed to maximize peak strength. In the present structure, since a fundamental frequency of circulation is on the order of 6.5 MHz, 55-times harmonics of the fundamental frequency are used to match the above to the target of 357 MHz. The length of the adjustment cable is adjusted so that the 55-th peak is matched with 357 MHz. In this example, it is possible to adjust to be 357.067 MHz. It is also considered to use a piezoelectric stretcher and a delay line to further improve accuracy. Further, viewing in a long span, super-mode noise peaks can be recognized at intervals of 6.49 MHz.
When an RF signal of 357 MHz adjusted to an integral multiple of a frequency corresponding to the circulation optical path length with the abovementioned adjustment is input to the amplitude modulator and pulse oscillation is caused, a modulated component at 357 MHz is strengthened and other noise peaks are suppressed. Thus, it is possible to obtain a pulse configuration at the modulation cycle. That is, as a result of introducing the amplitude modulation with oscillation as assembling the free-space accumulation resonator adjusted to have a repetition frequency of 357 MHz into the fiber amplifier system having the circulation optical path length adjusted to 55 times, circling light has a stable pulse configuration at intervals corresponding to the resonator length and strength increase concurrently occurs in the accumulation resonator.
Owing to measurement of a signal of PD1 with a spectrum analyzer, it is possible to recognize that the modulated component at 357 MHz pulses and oscillates as being strengthened.
The resonator mirror is specified to have a reflection rate of 90% or 99% at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Similarly, a transmission rate was measured as entering ASE light. According to the obtained results, the transmission rate was 7.5% with the 90% mirror and the transmission rate was 1.3% with the 99% mirror. Here, the description uses names of the 90% mirror and the 99% mirror. When power in the resonator is actually estimated from resonance transmission light power, calculation is to be performed from a transmission rate of the measurement results.
Proof verification of the apparatus will be described. Description is performed on the results of measurements in states that the amplitude modulator is ON and OFF (a cable for inputting to the amplitude modulator is disconnected from a coupler) respectively in the cases of the resonance mirror of the optical resonator being without coating, with the reflection rate being 90%, and the reflection rate being 99%.
a) Result with Resonator Mirrors without Coating
a) and 4(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being OFF with a spectrum analyzer. In
a) and 5(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being ON with the spectrum analyzer.
b) Result with Resonator Mirrors Having Reflection Rate of 90%
a) and 7(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being OFF with the spectrum analyzer. In
a) and 8(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being ON with the spectrum analyzer.
c) Result with Resonator Mirrors Having Reflection Rate of 99%
a) and 10(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being OFF with the spectrum analyzer. In
a) and 11(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being ON with the spectrum analyzer.
In the description of the first embodiment of the present invention, harmonic pulsing is performed by forcedly providing amplitude modulation to the system of the laser oscillator using the external signal generator. According to this type, the structure is relatively simple and oscillating harmonics are easily varied.
In contrast, in a second embodiment described below, an amplitude modulator is driven by electrically extracting a noise of a laser oscillator itself instead of using an external modulation signal generator. Accordingly, it is possible to feedback a modulated signal which is accurately matched with a fundamental frequency of a system. According to the above type, owing to utilization of a reactivation mode-locking method in which a drive signal of the amplitude modulator is prepared by regenerating from the own oscillation signal, relation between a modulation signal and a circulation length remains the same even when an oscillation frequency itself is varied. Therefore, there is an advantage that pulse oscillation is stabled.
The feedback circuit monitors with the photodiode (PD1) as extracting a part of light from the 10% fiber coupler. The electric signal of the PD1 is amplified and components to be grown are extracted from super-mode noises by a band-pass filter (BPF) of 357 MHz±7 MHz. The above is amplified by an RF amplifier to have an appropriate amplitude after appropriately adjusting a phase thereof with a phase shifter, so that the amplitude modulator which is arranged at the input side of the fiber amplifier is driven.
Further, similarly to the structure of
Then, owing to capability of monitoring the circling pulse configuration by dividing the PD1 signal into two with a splitter and capability of monitoring the feedback signal by dividing the signal to be returned to the amplitude modulator into two as well, effects of the present system can be recognized by observing the signals with an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.
Proof verification of the present apparatus will be described. Measurement is performed on cases of adopting the resonator mirrors of the optical resonator without coating and adopting the resonator mirrors having a reflection rate of 90%. For verifying effects due to reactivation mode-locking, comparison is performed between a case that the feedback loop is opened by detaching a cable to input to the amplitude modulator from a connector and a case that the loop is closed.
a) Result with Resonator Mirrors without Coating
a) and 14(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being OFF with a spectrum analyzer. In
a) and 16(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being ON with the spectrum analyzer.
b) Result with Resonator Mirrors having Reflection Rate of 90%
a) and 18(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being OFF with the spectrum analyzer. In
a) and 20(b) indicate measurement results of a PD1 signal as the modulator being ON with the spectrum analyzer.
The above measurement results indicate that optimization of a modulation frequency can be automatically performed with the apparatus of the present invention by electrically extracting an appropriate harmonics signal from an oscillation noise peak and using the signal for amplitude modulation. Accordingly, owing to that an appropriate harmonics signal is electrically extracted from an oscillation noise peak and is used for amplitude modulation, optimization of a modulation frequency can be automatically performed and pulse oscillation can be stabled.
The present invention relates to a laser apparatus which generates strong laser light, and in particular, relates to light source laser utilizing laser Compton scattering to be capable of stably oscillating even when finesses of an optical resonator is increased. Moreover, high peak strength can be obtained by introducing amplitude modulation. Thus, the present invention has industrial applicability.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-176690 | Aug 2010 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/067730 | 8/3/2011 | WO | 00 | 2/1/2013 |
