The present disclosure relates to a lenticular display, a method for forming a lenticular image, a method for manufacturing a lenticular display, and a program for forming a lenticular image.
A lenticular display has been known as a medium that displays different images depending on a viewing angle. In the lenticular display, a lenticular lens is used in which convex lenses are arranged side by side, and the convex lenses each have a convex surface.
Typically, in the lenticular display, image strips (lenticular image) obtained by combining a plurality of images that are interlaced are arranged on a back-face side (facing away from the surface of the convex lenses) of the lenticular lens. When these image strips are observed through the lenticular lens, one type or two or more types of images among the image strips are displayed depending on an observing angle.
Now, as an example, a case where a display image A (hereinafter also referred to as “image A”) and a display image B (hereinafter also referred to as “image B”), the display image A and the display image B including different characters, are displayed separately in one lenticular display will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
Specifically, a case where the lenticular display 100 includes the lenticular lens 104 in which, for example, N (N is an integer of 2 or more) convex lenses 102 are arranged side by side will be described. In this case, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
By the way, it has been known that an afterimage is observed due to crosstalk when the image viewed by the observer is switched in the above manner.
Thus, a technique for reducing the afterimage is desired. For example, a technique for suppressing the crosstalk by providing a certain image between a left-eye image and a right-eye image of the lenticular image is known. As this type of technique, for example, JP1999-212024A (JP-H11-212024A) describes a technique for suppressing the generation of crosstalk by providing, in image display using the lenticular lens, a buffering region between compressed images (display image strips). The buffering region is an image having an intermediate density of the densities of the compressed images that are adjacent to each other. In addition, for example, JP2000-98948A describes a technique for arranging, in a display device for image display using a lenticular sheet, an image obtained by extracting a part with no change in image in the arrangement of the lenticular image in order to reduce the crosstalk.
However, with the technique for suppressing the crosstalk by providing a certain image between the left-eye image and the right-eye image of the lenticular image, as in the techniques described in JP1999-212024A (JP-H11-212024A) and JP2000-98948A, in some cases, the crosstalk is not sufficiently suppressed, and an afterimage that interrupts viewing is generated when a viewed image is switched.
The present disclosure provides a lenticular display, a method for forming a lenticular image, a method for manufacturing a lenticular display, and a program for forming a lenticular image that can reduce the feeling of afterimage at the time a viewed image is switched.
A lenticular display according to a first aspect of the present disclosure has: a lenticular lens in which a plurality of convex lenses are arranged side by side, the plurality of convex lenses each having a convex surface; and a lenticular image provided on a back-face side facing away from the surface of the convex lenses, in which the lenticular image is a plurality of display image strips that are extracted from each of a plurality of display images in a stripe form and are arranged at corresponding positions under the convex lenses, and in which, in the plurality of display images, a color density of a portion where main-image parts overlap with each other is corrected.
In a lenticular display according to a second aspect of the present disclosure, in the lenticular display according to the first aspect, each of the plurality of display images may have the main image part and a background image part, and the color density of the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other may be corrected to an intermediate color of a color of the main image part and a color of the background image part.
In a lenticular display according to a third aspect of the present disclosure, in the lenticular display according to the second aspect, the color density of the intermediate color may be greater than or equal to 5% and less than 50% of the color density of the background image part.
In a lenticular display according to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, in the lenticular display according to any one of the first to third aspects, the main image part may include at least one of a picture or a character.
In addition, a method for forming a lenticular image according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure has the steps of: correcting, for each of a plurality of display images, a color density of a portion where main-image parts overlap with each other; extracting a plurality of display image strips in a stripe form from each of the plurality of display images whose color density has been corrected; and generating image strips in which the plurality of display image strips are arranged to be adjacent to each other at corresponding positions.
In a method for forming a lenticular image according to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, in the method for forming a lenticular image according to the fifth aspect, each of the plurality of display images may have the main image part and a background image part, and the color density of the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other may be corrected to an intermediate color of a color of the main image part and a color of the background image part.
In a method for forming a lenticular image according to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, in the method for forming a lenticular image according to the fifth or sixth aspect, the main image part may include at least one of a picture or a character.
Furthermore, a method for manufacturing a lenticular display according to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure has a step of forming a lenticular image by the method for forming a lenticular image according to any one aspect of the fifth to seventh aspects of the present disclosure on a surface of a recording medium; and a step of bonding the surface of the recording medium on which the lenticular image is formed and a back face of a lenticular lens in which a plurality of convex lenses are arranged side by side, the plurality of convex lenses each having a convex surface, the back face facing away from the surface.
In addition, a method for manufacturing a lenticular display according to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure has a step of forming a lenticular image by the method for forming a lenticular image according to any one aspect of the fifth to seventh aspects of the present disclosure on a back face of a lenticular lens in which a plurality of convex lenses are arranged side by side, the plurality of convex lenses each having a convex surface, the back face facing away from the surface.
In addition, furthermore, a program for forming a lenticular image according to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure is for causing a computer to execute: correcting, for each of a plurality of display images, a color density of a portion where main-image parts overlap with each other, extracting a plurality of display image strips in a stripe form from each of the plurality of display images whose color density has been corrected, and generating image strips in which the plurality of display image strips are arranged side by side at corresponding positions.
According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce the feeling of afterimage at the time a viewed image is switched.
Exemplary embodiments according to the technique of the present disclosure will be described in detail based on the following figures, wherein:
Hereinafter, examples of an embodiment for implementing the technique of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to drawings.
First, with reference to
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The lenticular lens 12, that is, the convex lenses 12A, is formed of a resin material having a light transmitting property. Examples of the resin that constitutes the lenticular lens 12 include polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polystyrene, methacrylate-styrene copolymer (MS resin), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS resin), polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glycol-modified PET, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic elastomer, copolymer of these, cyclo olefin polymer, and the like. Considering the easiness of melt extrusion, for example, it is preferable to use a resin with a low melt temperature, such as PMMA, polycarbonate, polystyrene, MS resin, polyethylene, PET, or glycol-modified PET. Since a lens shape formed on a surface of an embossing roller is easily transferred and a crack is unlikely to be generated in a lens layer at the time of embossing, it is more preferable to use glycol-modified PET. The lenticular lens 12 may also be configured to include a plurality of resins.
A width of each of the convex lenses 12A (lens pitch) is preferably greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than or equal to 900 μm for processability and a resolution of images. The lens pitch can be set as appropriate in accordance with the use of the lenticular display. For example, in a case where an observer observes the lenticular display by holding it, the lens pitch is preferably greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 450 μm. This is because, in a case where the lenticular display is observed from a relatively short distance, the boundary between lenses becomes less jaggy, so that characters and the like are less difficult to read, when the lens pitch is not too large. In a case where the observer observes the lenticular display from a distant position (e.g., a distance of 50 cm or more facing the lenticular display provided on a wall or the like), the lens pitch is preferably greater than or equal to 200 μm and less than or equal to 850 μm, for example. Note that the lens pitch may be defined by LPI (Line Per Inch, the number of lenses per 1 inch (2.54 cm)) and may preferably be 100 LPI, 200 LPI, or the like, for example. In addition, on a back-face side of the convex lenses 12A, that is, on the back face 12B side of the lenticular lens 12, the lenticular image 14 is provided.
As illustrated in
Note that the “display image” in this embodiment means an image that is aimed to be displayed by the lenticular display 10, that is, an image that is aimed to be recognized by an observer when the observer observes the lenticular display 10 from the lenticular lens 12 side. In addition, the “display image strip” means a rectangular image that is arranged in parallel to y-direction of the lenticular lens 12 under the lenticular lens 12 and that constitutes a part of the display images 13A and 13B.
In addition, “display image 13” is used for collectively referring to the display images 13A and 13B without distinguishing one from the other. Likewise, “display image strip 14A” is used for collectively referring to the display image strips 14A1 to 14AN without distinguishing one from another, and “display image strip 14B” is used for collectively referring to the display image strips 14B1 to 14BN without distinguishing one from another.
Note that in this embodiment, the “main-image part” means a part of the display image 13 that is viewed as if being switched when an observer observes the lenticular display 10 by changing the angle. In addition, the “background-image part” means a part of the display image 13 that is viewed as not being switched when the observer observes the lenticular display 10 by changing the angle and means a part other than the main-image part in this embodiment.
Furthermore, as illustrated in
Note that in this embodiment, the “portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other” means a portion where the main-image parts overlap when the display image 13A and the display image 13B overlap with each other. Note that portions where the main-image parts overlap with each other are arranged adjacent to each other in a case of constituting the lenticular image 14. In the example illustrated in
The portion where the main-image parts of the display image 13A and the main-image parts of the display image 13B overlap with each other is likely to be viewed as an afterimage because a color density is increased by the overlap of the main-image parts. Accordingly, in this embodiment, in order to suppress the afterimage and to make it easier to view the main-image parts even if the afterimage is generated, the color density of the portion where main-image parts of the display image 13A and the main-image parts of the display image 13B overlap with each other is corrected.
In the display images 13 according to this embodiment, the color density of the portion where the main-image part 13Am1 and the main-image parts 13Bm1 overlap with each other is corrected by using grey, which is an intermediate color of the main image color of the main-image parts 13Am1 and 13Bm1 and the background image color of the background-image parts 13Ab and 13Bb. In addition, in the display images 13, the color density of the portion where the main-image part 13Am2 and the main-image parts 13Bm2 overlap with each other is corrected by using grey, which is an intermediate color of the main image color of the main-image parts 13Am2 and 13Bm2 and the background image color of the background-image parts 13Ab and 13Bb.
The lenticular image 14 according to this embodiment is formed by an image forming apparatus 30, an example of which is illustrated in
As illustrated in
The control unit 32 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 32A, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 32B, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 32C and controls the entire image forming apparatus 30. The CPU 32A of the control unit 32 executes a program stored in the ROM 32B, and thereby a lenticular image forming process, an example of which is illustrated in
In step S100 illustrated in
Subsequently, from each of the plurality of display images (see display images 113A and 113B in
Furthermore, the control unit 32 sets the color of the portion where the extracted main-image parts overlap with each other to an intermediate color of the main image color and the background image color, and corrects the color density thereof to a color density that is determined in advance for the background-image part (specifically, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 50%, which will be described later in detail). Note that information about what colors the main image color, the background image color, and the intermediate color are may be determined in advance or may be externally acquired through the I/F unit 36, and its acquisition method is not particularly limited.
Thus, the display images (see the display images 13A and 13B in
In the subsequent step S102, the control unit 32 extracts, from the plurality of display images in which the color density of the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other has been corrected, a plurality of display image strips (see the display image strips 14A and 14B in
In the subsequent step S104, the control unit 32 generates image strips in which the extracted plurality of display image strips are arranged (see the lenticular image 14 in
Furthermore, the lenticular display 10 according to this embodiment can be manufactured, as an example, through steps included in the following manufacturing method. Note that the term “step” in this specification is not only an independent step. Even if a step cannot be clearly distinguished from another step, as long as an expected object of the step is achieved, the step is included in this term.
In a case of manufacturing the lenticular display 10, first, as an example, the display image 13A and the display image 13B illustrated in
Subsequently, the display image strips 14A and 14B are each printed by an ink-jet method to corresponding positions on the back face of the lenticular lens 12, and thereby the lenticular image 14 is formed on the back face of the lenticular lens 12. Thus, the lenticular display 10 is manufactured. Note that the method for printing the display image strips 14A and 14B is not limited to the ink-jet method, and an electrophotography method, an offset printing method, or the like may also be used. For example, although any of the ink-jet method and the offset printing method can be preferably used for image formation, the thickness of the lenticular display is theoretically increased as the lens pitch is increased. Thus, the ink-jet method (more preferably, flat-head method) is more preferably used than the offset printing method in some cases.
In addition, for example, the lenticular display 10 can be manufactured through steps included in the following manufacturing method.
In a case of manufacturing the lenticular display 10, first, as an example, the display image 13A and the display image 13B illustrated in
Subsequently, the display image strips 14A and 14B are each printed by an ink-jet method to corresponding positions on a surface of a recording medium (illustration is omitted), and thereby the lenticular image 14 is formed on the surface of the recording medium.
Subsequently, the surface of the recording medium on which the lenticular image 14 is formed and the back face of the lenticular lens 12 are bonded together. Thus, the lenticular display 10 is manufactured.
Hereinafter, evaluation results of the lenticular display 10 will be described by taking examples. However, the technique of the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 15%. In addition, an image of the main-image parts was a pictogram image.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 15%. In addition, an image of the main-image parts was an image representing characters.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was blue. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was sky blue, and its density was 15%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was blue. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was sky blue, and its density was 15%. In addition, the main-image parts were characters.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 50%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 5%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips obtained from each of three display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 15%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of acrylic, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 15%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 200 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 15%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 2%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 60%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 10%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 20%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens 12 was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image 14 was constituted by display image strips 14A and 14B obtained from two display images 13. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was grey, and its density was 30%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image was constituted by display image strips obtained from each of two display images. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was white like the main image color, that is, the color density was not corrected, and its density was 0%. In addition, the main-image parts were pictograms.
The lenticular lens was formed of glycol-modified PET, and the lens pitch was set to 100 LPI. In addition, the lenticular image was constituted by display image strips obtained from each of two display images. In addition, the main image color was white, and the background image color was black. Furthermore, a color of a portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was white like the main image color, that is, the color density was not corrected, and its density was 0%. In addition, the main-image parts were characters.
In terms of the visibility (easiness to view) of an image depending on the generation of an afterimage, the first to fourteenth examples and the first and second comparative examples were evaluated in four grades: A to D, where grades A to C are allowable ranges as products. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, when the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was set to the intermediate color and the color density thereof was greater than or equal to 5% and less than 50% of the color density of the background-image part, preferable visibility (grade B) was obtained. In addition, when the color density of the above intermediate color was greater than or equal to 10% and less than 20% of the color density of the background-image part, more preferable visibility (grade A) was obtained.
On the other hand, in the first and second comparative examples in which the color density of the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other was not corrected, the color of the overlap portion, that is, white, was viewed as being thick, and an afterimage was generated. Thus, the image visibility was decreased compared with the examples.
As described above, the lenticular display 10 according to this embodiment has the lenticular lens 12, in which the plurality of convex lenses 12A having the surface 12S being a convex face are arranged side by side, and the lenticular image 14 provided on the back face 12B side facing away from the surface 12S of the convex lenses 12A. The lenticular image 14 is the plurality of display image strips 14A1 to 14AN and 14B1 to 14BN extracted from the plurality of display images 13, respectively, in a stripe form and arranged at corresponding positions under the convex lenses 12A, and in the plurality of display images 13, the color density of the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other is corrected.
In the above manner, in the lenticular display 10 according to this embodiment, the color density of the portion where the main-image parts overlap with each other in each of the plurality of display images 13, which is viewed as an afterimage when an image viewed by an observer is switched, is corrected to a density at which the afterimage is not viewed or to a density at which visibility is good even if the afterimage is viewed. Thus, with the lenticular display 10 according to this embodiment, the feeling of afterimage at the time a viewed image is switched can be reduced.
In addition, in this embodiment, the color density of the display images 13 itself is corrected and the display image strips 14A and 14B are extracted from the display images 13 in a stripe form, and the lenticular image 14 is formed. Subsequently, the lenticular image 14 is printed on the lenticular lens 12, or combined by pasting together or the like, and thereby the lenticular display 10 is manufactured. Thus, for example, the method for manufacturing the lenticular display 10 becomes easy compared with a case where the crosstalk is suppressed by providing a certain image between the plurality of corresponding display image strips under each one of the convex lenses 12A of the lenticular image. In addition, according to this embodiment, it becomes easy to increase the resolution compared with a case where a certain image is provided between the plurality of display image strips.
Note that although one strip of the display image strips 14A and one strip of the display image strips 14B are arranged under each one of the convex lenses 12A in this embodiment, a plurality of strips of the display image strips 14A and 14B may be arranged under each one of the convex lenses 12A. By increasing the number of display image strips arranged under each one of the convex lenses 12A, the resolution can be increased.
In addition, although the lenticular display 10 displays two types of display images 13 (13A and 13B) in this embodiment, the lenticular display 10 may display three or more types of display images 13.
In addition, although a case where the main-image part includes at least one of a pictogram or a character has been described in this embodiment, what type of image the main-image part is not particularly limited. For example, the main-image part may be a person's image in a photograph obtained by taking a person or the like.
In addition, although a case where the main-image part is a part of the display image 13 that is viewed as if being switched when an observer observes the lenticular display 10 by changing the angle has been described in this embodiment, the main-image part is not limited to this case. For example, in a case where there are a plurality of parts of the display image 13 that are viewed as if being switched, the main-image part may be an image including a main image therein, such as a person.
In addition, although a case in which the display image 13 includes the main-image part and the background-image part has been described in this embodiment, without being limited to this case, only the main-image part may be included such as in a case where the entire display image 13 is viewed as if being switched.
In addition, although a case where the main image color is the same in the plurality of display images 13 has been described in this embodiment, the present disclosure is not limited to this case. For example, the color of the main-image part 13Am1 in the display image 13A illustrated in
In addition, although the surface 12S of the convex lenses 12A is spherical in this embodiment, for example, the surface 12S may be non-spherical as long as the surface 12S of the convex lenses 12A is a convex face. For example, the convex lenses 12A may have a shape that is triangular in cross sections.
Besides, it is needless to say that the configuration of the lenticular display 10 and the manufacturing method thereof, the configuration of the lenticular image 14 and the manufacturing method thereof, and the like described in this embodiment are examples, and that modification can be made in accordance with the situation without departing from the spirit of the technique of the present disclosure.
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-190166, filed on Sep. 28, 2016, is incorporated by reference in this specification.
All of the documents, patent applications, and technical standards described in this specification are incorporated by reference in this specification as well as in a case where the individual documents, patent applications, and technical standards are specifically and individually referred to as being incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2016-190166 | Sep 2016 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2017/032369, filed Sep. 7, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Further, this application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-190166, filed Sep. 28, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/JP2017/032369 | Sep 2017 | US |
Child | 16289585 | US |