Patent Application
20140257681
Embodiments of the invention generally relate to information technology, and, more particularly, to transportation management.
Predicting transportation supply (that is, the availability of buses, taxis, etc.) and transportation demand (that is, the number of potential passengers or travelers) in a real-world scenario is a complex and challenging task. Traffic information systems provide information about current traffic situations and what commuters or travelers can potentially do in hopes of accomplishing their travel needs. Such existing approaches include applying sensors (such as global positioning system (GPS) sensors) to vehicles. Additionally, users can provide information such as traffic counts and speed, location of vehicles and users, etc. However, such information is often incomplete, as it does not provide additional context such as latent traffic demand and supply, the number of commuters likely to take a particular route, the number of vehicles that effectively become available at a location for a destination at a particular time of day, etc. Accordingly, a need exists for the implementation of techniques that optimize resources to more accurately predict traffic events and conditions.
In one aspect of the present invention, techniques for leveraging information for use in a traffic prediction scenario are provided. An exemplary computer-implemented method can include steps of extracting transportation-related information pertaining to a geographic region from multiple user-driven information systems, processing said transportation-related information by merging the transportation-related information across the multiple user-driven information systems and one or more transportation-related databases, and determining a supply and demand estimation for one or more aspects of transportation in the geographic region based on said processing of said transportation-related information.
In another aspect of the invention, an exemplary computer-implemented method can include steps of extracting transportation-related information pertaining to a geographic region from multiple user-driven information systems according to a data model, and processing said transportation-related information by merging the transportation-related information across the multiple user-driven information systems and one or more transportation-related databases and identifying one or more information units in the merged transportation-related information. The method also includes determining a supply and demand estimation for each one of multiple aspects of transportation in the geographic region based on said processing of said transportation-related information, and generating a supply and demand estimation output in response to a query, wherein said generating comprises filtering the determined supply and demand estimations for the multiple aspects of transportation in the geographic region based one or more specified parameters.
Another aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of an article of manufacture tangibly embodying computer readable instructions which, when implemented, cause a computer to carry out a plurality of method steps, as described herein. Furthermore, another aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of an apparatus including a memory and at least one processor that is coupled to the memory and operative to perform noted method steps. Yet further, another aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of means for carrying out the method steps described herein, or elements thereof; the means can include hardware module(s) or a combination of hardware and software modules, wherein the software modules are stored in a tangible computer-readable storage medium (or multiple such media).
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As described herein, an aspect of the present invention includes extracting information from user-driven sources in a traffic prediction scenario. At least one embodiment of the invention includes providing a mechanism to determine the supply and demand of public transportation systems by analyzing data from sources (such as, for example, transportation voice sites). Such data can be adapted to estimate latent demand and supply. By way of illustration of the concepts of latent demand and latent supply, consider the following examples. If supply is increased due to, for instance, the building of a new lane on a road or the building of a new bridge, latent demand may subsequently negate the benefits. Similarly, if demand is increased due to, for instance, a travel provider offering discounts, latent supply may absorb the increase in demand and thus lead to more optimized operations.
Accordingly, an aspect of the invention includes designing and providing a mechanism that estimates the latent supply and latent demand of public transportation systems by analyzing data from user-driven sources. Such information analysis can provide and leverage information that cannot be obtained by standard sensors. As a result, traffic predictions generated via the use of such data can be carried out ahead of time, and, as such, one or more embodiments of the invention can include performing optimizations during real-time operation of the available public transportation vehicles.
Example users such as transit authorities (bus operators, metro operators, etc.), para-transit companies (shuttles, taxis, autos, etc.), and individual travelers can potentially utilize and benefit from the traffic predictions generated via techniques detailed herein. Additionally, in at least one embodiment of the invention, supply and demand data can be used to commission and/or generate targeted advertisements for transportation vehicles such as private taxis, and/or for separate enterprises.
By way of example, such information systems can include voice site audio content and corresponding logs, and/or logs derived from one or more websites. The logs of voice sites and/or web sites are stored in a web server, and the log information can be obtained via various methods such as via use of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) or file transfer protocol (FTP). Additionally, the transportation information 104 can include information pertaining, for example, to users, locations, times, vehicles (buses, trains, taxis, etc.) and vehicle transportation routes. For example, the logs from a voice site may contain the telephone number from which a user accessed the voice site, the location of the telephone, the time of access, and the details of the information queried by the user.
As described herein, such information 104 can be mapped to a traffic domain model that is based on existing information such as from asset information database 106, web information system database 110 and Spoken Web (Sweb) information system database 112 (which contains the database used by voice sites). As described in additional detail in
By way of example, the usage analysis engine 108 can determine the number of requests that people have made for a particular vehicle (bus, train, etc.) and/or transportation route, wherein a higher number of requests will indicate a higher demand and likely a higher latent demand. Additionally, the usage analysis engine 108 can determine the routes and/or vehicles for which users most frequently query, which can provide information about which vehicles and routes are routinely most popular with users. Also, for example, the usage analysis engine 108 can determine one or more times of day when transportation requests change, which can provide information pertaining to the daily, weekly and/or monthly patterns for different users, vehicles and/or routes. Further, by way of example, the usage analysis engine 108 can determine if transportation requests or queries are tied to a particular driver or vehicle operator, as opposed to being tied to a vehicle or route, which can help in detecting particularly skilled (or troublesome) operators, as well as potentially aiding in detecting particularly popular (or troublesome) vehicles or routes.
Additionally, the unit identifier 206 can identify information units by analyzing the noted information as well as data from existing databases (such as databases 110 and 112 detailed in
The unit identifier additionally transmits identified information units to the aggregator component 210. Accordingly, the aggregator component 210 can aggregate the unit information as well as any additionally received transportation-related information based on filtering criteria to determine supply and demand information for one or more transportation scenarios. By way of example, supply and demand information determined by the aggregator component 210 can include transportation information pertaining to certain parameters such as, for example, a time parameter (hourly, daily, weekly, etc.), a location parameter (by district, by route, etc.), a service parameter (public transportation, metro only, etc.) and a consumer parameter (tourists, train passengers, bus passengers, etc.). As noted in
Additionally, in connection with the aggregator component 210, filtering criteria for queries on aggregated data can include multiple levels of a supply and demand gap. For example, aggregation can occur at a route level, an individual bus-trip level, a level indicating supply/demand at a bus-stop, etc. Also, data obtained, for example, in the form of a high-level specification 204, can be converted to a query by query converter 208 and ultimately provided to the aggregator component 210. High-level specification 204 of a question or query might include an example such as, “What is the demand at a given bus-stop for a specified bus-route?” The query converter 208 then converts this high-level specification into a database query.
As also depicted in
Step 304 includes processing said transportation-related information by merging the transportation-related information across the multiple user-driven information systems and one or more transportation-related databases. This processing step can include analyzing extracted transportation-related information with a focus on a given vehicle, a given vehicle operator, and/or a given transportation route.
Step 306 includes determining a supply and demand estimation for one or more aspects of transportation in the geographic region based on said processing of said transportation-related information. This determining step can include determining a gap in supply and demand for a particular vehicle, transportation route, and/or vehicle operator, by determining a number of queries directed to the vehicle, transportation route, and/or vehicle operator, as derived from the extracted transportation-related information. Additionally, the determining step can include determining one or more times of day when transportation requests change by determining a temporal aspect of transportation requests, as derived from the extracted transportation-related information. Further, the techniques depicted in
Step 406 includes determining a supply and demand estimation for each one of multiple aspects of transportation in the geographic region based on said processing of said transportation-related information. Step 408 includes generating a particular supply and demand estimation output in response to a query, wherein said generating comprises filtering the determined supply and demand estimations for the multiple aspects of transportation in the geographic region based on one or more specified parameters.
The techniques depicted in
Additionally, the techniques depicted in
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in a computer readable medium having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
An aspect of the invention or elements thereof can be implemented in the form of an apparatus including a memory and at least one processor that is coupled to the memory and operative to perform exemplary method steps.
Additionally, an aspect of the present invention can make use of software running on a general purpose computer or workstation. With reference to
Accordingly, computer software including instructions or code for performing the methodologies of the invention, as described herein, may be stored in associated memory devices (for example, ROM, fixed or removable memory) and, when ready to be utilized, loaded in part or in whole (for example, into RAM) and implemented by a CPU. Such software can include, but is not limited to, firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.
A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor 502 coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements 504 through a system bus 510. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual implementation of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during implementation.
Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards 508, displays 506, pointing devices, and the like) can be coupled to the system either directly (such as via bus 510) or through intervening I/O controllers (omitted for clarity).
Network adapters such as network interface 514 may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
As used herein, including the claims, a “server” includes a physical data processing system (for example, system 512 as shown in
As noted, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in a computer readable medium having computer readable program code embodied thereon. Also, any combination of computer readable media may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using an appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of at least one programming language, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. Accordingly, an aspect of the invention includes an article of manufacture tangibly embodying computer readable instructions which, when implemented, cause a computer to carry out a plurality of method steps as described herein.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, component, segment, or portion of code, which comprises at least one executable instruction for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
It should be noted that any of the methods described herein can include an additional step of providing a system comprising distinct software modules embodied on a computer readable storage medium; the modules can include, for example, any or all of the components detailed herein. The method steps can then be carried out using the distinct software modules and/or sub-modules of the system, as described above, executing on a hardware processor 502. Further, a computer program product can include a computer-readable storage medium with code adapted to be implemented to carry out at least one method step described herein, including the provision of the system with the distinct software modules.
In any case, it should be understood that the components illustrated herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, or combinations thereof, for example, application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASICS), functional circuitry, an appropriately programmed general purpose digital computer with associated memory, and the like. Given the teachings of the invention provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the related art will be able to contemplate other implementations of the components of the invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of another feature, integer, step, operation, element, component, and/or group thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed.
At least one aspect of the present invention may provide a beneficial effect such as, for example, carrying out traffic predictions in advance so as to provide the public with improved and more accurate information regarding the supply and demand of public transportation parameters.
The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
